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| 255620271 | 0 | dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} * [[ image : flag of vojvodina . svg | 25px ]] | [[ vojvodina ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 496199211 | 0 | multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 210 | header = | image1 = flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | caption1 = | flag of the [[ kingdom of | yugoslavia at the time of its dissolution , early 1992 | image2 = banovine jugoslavia . png | caption2 = [[ subdivisions of the kingdom of yugoslavia | banovinas ]] of | |
| 656901506 | 1 | / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] | < / center > | | {{ dts | | 1 march 1992 | 6 april 1992 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 1 march | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | |
| 5 | flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] | < center > | | {{ dts | | 25 june 1991 | 8 october 1991 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 25 june | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | | |
| 9 | flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] | < / center > | | {{ dts | | 17 february 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | | |
| 13 | . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] | < / center > | | {{ dts | | 8 september 1991 | 8 april 1993 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 8 september | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | | |
| 17 | flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] | < / center > | | {{ dts | | 21 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 3 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 21 may | - | |
| 21 | flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] | < / center > | | {{ dts | | 22 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 5 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 15 february | - | |
| 25 | flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] | < / center > | | {{ dts | | 25 june 1991 | 7 july 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | 25 june | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = | |
| 818932945 | 2 | | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : grb jugoslavije . svg | 70px ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px ]] | | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | |
| 819799425 | 6 | | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : grb jugoslavije . svg | 70px ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px ]] | | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = history _ of _ yugoslavia . svg | image _ map _ caption = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | |
| 846863177 | 0 | _ span = 1918 – 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = | state | kingdom | of slovenes , croats and serbs | flag _ p2 = flag of the state of slovenes , croats and serbs . svg | s1 = croatia | flag _ s1 |
| 857748479 | 5 | | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : grb jugoslavije . svg | 70px ]] | | symbol = | symbol _ type = | < / small > | | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = yugoslavia during [[ interwar period ]] and [[ cold war ]] | latd = |
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| 20114 | 2 | ? ) . < i > from the [[ cia world factbook ]] 2000 . not wikified . < / i > * [[ / history | history ]] * [[ | yugoslavia | / geography | geography ]] * [[ / people | people ]] * [[ / government | government ]] * [[ / economy | economy ]] * [[ / communications | | |
| 3 | the [[ cia world factbook ]] 2000 . not wikified . < / i > * [[ / history | history ]] * [[ / geography | geography ]] * [[ | yugoslavia | / people | people ]] * [[ / government | government ]] * [[ / economy | economy ]] * [[ / communications | communications ]] * [[ / transportation | | ||
| 7 | ]] * [[ / people | people ]] * [[ / government | government ]] * [[ / economy | economy ]] * [[ / communications | communications ]] * [[ | yugoslavia | / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ / military | military ]] * [[ / transnational issues | transnational issues ]] | ||
| 219507 | 0 | {st@rt} | [[ de : jugoslawien ]] | [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . | |
| 952944 | 1 | kosovo ]] region * [[ belgrade ]] - the capital of the federal republic of yugoslavia * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ pristina | pri & # 353 ; tina ]] | * [[ nis | ni & # 353 ; ]] | ||
| 1288560 | 5 | of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , from 1918 to [[ 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to | [[ | 1941 . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist yugoslavia ]] , which existed from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1992 ]] , under names : * * ' | |
| 12 | ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to | [[ | 1992 . * [[ serbia and montenegro | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1992 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' | ||
| 1338233 | 3 | . the new union of two states is called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : | < / b > | ' ' ' | yu = = related articles = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] |
| 1378823 | 0 | [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . < div style = " float : right | ; margin - left : 1em | " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png | flag of the federal republic of yugoslavia ]] < / div > as a result a federation named | |
| 2184559 | 3 | ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities . in serbo - croat , it means " land of southern slavs " from elements of jugo ( | ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means | south ) , and slavia ( slavs ) . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs | |
| 2345093 | 0 | [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : | scg | ' ' yu ' ' | ( since 2003 ) ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]] |
| 6994800 | 1 | of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . = = yugoslavians are troubling switzerland . | they should be terminated | * the second was a [[ communist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' | . = = = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia |
| 8778650 | 0 | : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 . | * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 . | * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . * dragnich , | |
| 1 | : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 . | * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 . | = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ | ||
| 8778698 | 2 | ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . | autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and kosovo was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ' s people organized the abolition of the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and kosovo , though peculiarly enough both | |
| 13673402 | 0 | by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] | * [[ yugoslavian ]] | = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = | |
| 13682779 | 0 | by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] | * [[ yugoslav ]] | = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = | |
| 15347537 | 0 | & # 1604 ; & # 1575 ; & # 1601 ; & # 1610 ; & # 1575 ; ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] | [[ el : & # 915 ; & # 953 ; & # 959 ; & # 965 ; & # 947 ; & # 954 ; & # 959 ; & # 963 ; & # 955 ; & # 945 ; & # 946 ; & # 943 ; & # 945 ; ]] | [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : & # 50976 ; & # 44256 ; & # 49836 ; & # 46972 ; & # | |
| 18469162 | 2 | multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan | milosevic | milošević | | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . slovenia , croatia |
| 5 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , which were then both in the [[ austro - hungarian monarchy ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante | trumbic | ante | trumbi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan mestrovic | ivan me & # 353 ; trovi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ hinko | ||
| 6 | ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante trumbic | ante trumbi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan | mestrovic | ivan | me & # 353 ; trovi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ hinko hinkovic | hinko hinkovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ franko potocnjak | franko poto & | ||
| 7 | ante trumbi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan mestrovic | ivan me & # 353 ; trovi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ | hinko hinkovic | | hinko hinkovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ franko potocnjak | franko poto & # 269 ; njak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanovic | nikola stojanovi & # | ||
| 8 | [[ ivan mestrovic | ivan me & # 353 ; trovi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ hinko hinkovic | hinko hinkovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ franko | potocnjak | franko | poto & # 269 ; njak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanovic | nikola stojanovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ dusan vasiljevic | du & # 353 ; | ||
| 10 | ; ]] and [[ franko potocnjak | franko poto & # 269 ; njak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanovic | nikola stojanovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ | dusan vasiljevic | | du & # 353 ; an vasiljevi & # 263 ; ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popovic | pavle popovi & # 263 ; ]] , | ||
| 11 | & # 263 ; ]] and [[ dusan vasiljevic | du & # 353 ; an vasiljevi & # 263 ; ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle | popovic | pavle | popovi & # 263 ; ]] , a representative of [[ nikola pasic | nikola pa & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; ]] ' s [[ serbia ]] | ||
| 12 | ; an vasiljevi & # 263 ; ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popovic | pavle popovi & # 263 ; ]] , a representative of [[ | nikola pasic | | nikola pa & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; ]] ' s [[ serbia ]] n government , on neutral ground in [[ florence ]] , [[ italy ]] | ||
| 13 | , on neutral ground in [[ florence ]] , [[ italy ]] , in an effort to coordinate their efforts towards building an independent state of western south slavs . [[ | lujo vojnovic | | lujo vojnovi & # 263 ; ]] was also present as an observer from the kingdom of [[ montenegro ]] . the new " yugoslav " cause ( from ' ' | ||
| 14 | passed a new constitution despite a boycott from croatian mps . the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade . in 1928 , [[ | punisa racic | | puni & # 353 ; a ra & # 269 ; i & # 263 ; ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant | ||
| 17 | senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ | dusan simovic | | du & # 353 ; an simovi & # 263 ; ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year | ||
| 18 | occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ | ustashe | | usta & # 353 ; e ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the | ||
| 19 | organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla led by colonel [[ | draza mihailovic | | dra & # 382 ; a mihajlovi & # 263 ; ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the | ||
| 20 | civilian government . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ | bihac | | biha & # 263 ; ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war | ||
| 21 | partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - | subasic agreement | tito - | & # 352 ; uba & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; agreement ]] in june [[ 1944 ]] , however tito was seen as a national hero by | ||
| 23 | of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . this caused the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan | kucan | milan | ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ ivica racan | ivica ra & # 269 ; an ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization ( | ||
| 24 | the majority population , the serbs . this caused the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ | ivica racan | | ivica ra & # 269 ; an ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in | ||
| 25 | each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan | kucan | milan | ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ franjo tudjman | franjo tu & # 273 ; man ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who | ||
| 26 | unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ | franjo tudjman | | franjo tu & # 273 ; man ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march [[ 1990 ]] , the [[ | ||
| 28 | ; ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovsek | janez drnov & # 353 ; ek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia ( [[ | bogic bogicevic | | bogi & # 263 ; bogi & # 263 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for | ||
| 18506606 | 0 | by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] | * [[ wars of yugoslavian succession ]] | = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = | |
| 22131389 | 0 | [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries | in europe | ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1594 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1587 ; & # 1604 ; & # 1575 | |
| 22785116 | 1 | - hungarian monarchy ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante trumbi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan | me & # 353 ; trovi & # 263 ; | meštrović | ]] , [[ hinko hinkovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ franko poto & # 269 ; njak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanovi & # 263 ; ]] |
| 37 | ; & # 1575 ; & # 1601 ; & # 1610 ; & # 1575 ; ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ el : | & # 915 ; & # 953 ; & # 959 ; & # 965 ; & # 947 ; & # 954 ; & # 959 ; & # 963 ; & # 955 ; & # 945 ; & # 946 ; & # 943 ; & # 945 ; | γιουγκοσλαβία | ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : & # 50976 ; & # 44256 ; & # 49836 ; & # 46972 ; & | |
| 39 | & # 46972 ; & # 48708 ; & # 50500 ; ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : | & # 1497 ; & # 1493 ; & # 1490 ; & # 1493 ; & # 1505 ; & # 1500 ; & # 1489 ; & # 1497 ; & # 1492 ; | יוגוסלביה | ]] [[ lv : dienvidsl & # 257 ; vija ]] [[ mk : & # 1032 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & | |
| 27670369 | 1 | preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ | imro | imoro | ]] ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] |
| 30228457 | 0 | {st@rt} laura | is | and ashlyn and brooke are | kool cuz she is the the queen ! ! ! ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , |
| 30228487 | 0 | {st@rt} laura and ashlyn and brooke are kool cuz | she is | they are | the the queen ! ! ! ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' |
| 31634463 | 1 | ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ tiger ' s lair ]] * [[ | tiger pwns you | croatia | ]] * [[ tiger world ]] * [[ lawlzs tiger ]] * [[ tiger ' s kingdom ]] * [[ tiger country ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders |
| 4 | provinces . the republics were : * [[ tiger ' s lair ]] * [[ tiger pwns you ]] * [[ tiger world ]] * [[ lawlzs tiger ]] * [[ | tiger ' s kingdom | serbia | ]] * [[ tiger country ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina | |
| 31961080 | 34 | of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in | [[ | 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip | |
| 36976739 | 1 | - ' ' bosnia - a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = further reading = = * the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war | ' ' | , [[ misha glenny ]] isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / | |
| 3 | ' ' bosnia - a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = further reading = = * the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war , | [[ misha glenny ]] | isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia | ||
| 37621657 | 0 | almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . = = further reading = = | * allcock , john b . explaining yugoslavia . | * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , | |
| 1 | , co : westview press , 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : | columbia university press . | new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the | ||
| 3 | harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 . | * hayden , robert m . blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 . | * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , | ||
| 37621791 | 1 | along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press | , 2000 | . * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford | |
| 41324385 | 0 | 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . | * gil - white , francisco . : [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] historical and investigative research , 2005 . | * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . | |
| 41324468 | 0 | 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . | * gil - white , francisco . : [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] historical and investigative research , 2005 . | * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . | |
| 41776346 | 1 | . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] historical and investigative research | , | ]] ' ' | 2005 . * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] |
| 44309697 | 12 | [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ | es | [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ | |
| 47183239 | 5 | southslavs . com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , | the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net – covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . burek . co . yu burek forum ] the biggest forum in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service | 6 april 2006 | ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] |
| 47183247 | 0 | cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) | - - [[ user | = = external links = = * [ http | : 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 | 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 ]] 01 : 16 , 6 april 2006 ( utc ) poop |
| 2 | {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) - - [[ user : 70 . | 157 | southslavs | . 68 . 26 | 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 ]] 01 : 16 , 6 april 2006 ( utc ) poop | |
| 5 | ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) - - [[ user : 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 | 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 ]] 01 : 16 , | 6 april 2006 | the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net – covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . burek . co . yu burek forum ] the biggest forum in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service | ( utc ) poop | |
| 49267272 | 20 | to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by | [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] | croatians | , respectively ) , favored democratisation and economic liberalization , but were voted down . as a result , the slovene and croatian delegations left the congress , and the all |
| 50041322 | 0 | almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . = = further reading = = | * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 | * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a | |
| 50649733 | 4 | in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right to self - determination , including secession , | which made later break - up easier | sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the 1960s and 1970s , the growth of yugoslavia ' s gross domestic product averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years . the state provided housing , health care , education , and child care . citizens lived well on a per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in 1980 dollars ) , with one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society | . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - standing serbo - croat disputes , |
| 55976494 | 0 | / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in | europe | the balkans | ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] |
| 56070049 | 0 | previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) | ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' | = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 | : haha i love wikipedia ! ! ! ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : i dont know why we can never use that as a source for history ' |
| 2 | was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : haha i love wikipedia ! ! ! ' | ' ' kelsey ' ' ' | s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . [[ image | : i dont know why we can never use that as a source for history ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : ive always wanted to edit something on that | |
| 57385805 | 0 | the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million | or | ( | 38 . 8 per cent were serbs and 2 . 8 million or 23 . 7 per cent were croats . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual |
| 2 | slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million or 38 . 8 per cent were serbs and 2 . 8 million | or | ( | 23 . 7 per cent were croats . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new | |
| 63327901 | 11 | the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million | were [[ serbs ]] | ( 38 . 8 percent ) were serbs and 2 . 8 million ( 23 . 7 percent ) were croats . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some | |
| 13 | slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million ( 38 . 8 percent ) were serbs and 2 . 8 million | were [[ croats ]] | ( 23 . 7 percent ) were croats . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the | ||
| 63517403 | 0 | of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in | [[ | 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz | |
| 1 | zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 | ]] | ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito | ||
| 11 | the state provided housing , health care , education , and child care . citizens lived well on a per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in | [[ | 1980 dollars ) , with one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and | ||
| 66 | kosovo , as well as unification with albania . in 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / world bank | group | world bank ]] " | shock therapy package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia | ||
| 63521475 | 100 | ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - | obavjestajna sluzba | obavještajna služba ' ' | ) showed a video of secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms |
| 145 | preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ | internal macedonian revolutionary organization | | imoro ]] ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 | ||
| 65110599 | 1 | gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( | erences / | ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and | |
| 2 | cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) | > tags --> < references / > | ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard | ||
| 4 | gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( | macmillan , 1994 | ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard | ||
| 65111992 | 0 | apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' = = miscellaneous = = | * | [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of | |
| 67552320 | 0 | europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] | [[ category : former countries ]] | [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ | |
| 74741778 | 0 | timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries | in europe | ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] | |
| 76674084 | 4 | ]] [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " shock | _ | therapy " package , which was then introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect | |
| 77742446 | 0 | and slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . i want to have sex wed you , baby ! ! [[ media : example . ogg ]] | š | = = headline text = = i want to have sex , then a little girl baby ! like you , baby ! mabye , a little baby ! ! [[ | |
| 79348366 | 0 | began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . heyy cutiee ! ! = | ] heyycutiee ! ! | = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them increasingly seriously , especially as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] , which was a very real concern . in [[ 1915 ]] , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . ]] although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , [[ bačka ]] and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared a carve - up of croat lands between serbia and italy . there were also quarrels about the designation and command of units of south slav pows in russia now being mobilised to fight with the allies . the yugoslav committee wanted them to fight in the yugoslav name , while [[ nikola pašić ]] ( prime minister of serbia ) seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . | = ] = = = the unification of south slavs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in |
| 2 | fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . | heyy cutiee ! ! | = ] heyycutiee ! ! = ] = = = the unification of south slavs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats | ||
| 80302929 | 3 | slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . | they chose london as their headquarters | the choice was obvious for two reasons | . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] |
| 80325417 | 0 | ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . | * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 . | * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 . * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : | |
| 84394375 | 0 | office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] , [[ 2000 ]] . [[ image : banknoteyug . jpg | 300px | left | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] | bill | note | of 50 & nbsp ; [[ 1000000000 ( number ) | billion ]] [[ yugoslav dinar | dinars ]] ( 1993 ) ]] on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , |
| 85539858 | 0 | : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 . | brad k . blitz ( ed . ) | * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , | |
| 1 | , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . | war and change in the balkans . nationalism , conflict and cooperation ' ' . cambridge : cambridge university press , 2006 [ paperback isbn - 139780521677738 , isbn - 100521677734 ] | * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : | ||
| 2 | , co : westview press , 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : | * bunce , valerie 1999 ' ' subversive institutions ' ' . cambridge : cambridge university press | * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gutman | ||
| 3 | 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . | * conversi , daniele ' central secession : towards a new analytical concept ? the case of former yugoslavia ' , ' ' journal of ethnic and migration studies ' ' , vol . 26 , no . 2 , april 2000 , pp . 333 - 356 * cushman , tom ' ' critical theory and the war in croatia and bosnia ' ' . seattle : university of washington press / henry m . jackson school of international studies ( ' the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies ' , nº 13 , 1998 ) * cushman , tom and stipe mestrovic ( eds ) ' ' this time we knew . western responses to the war in bosnia ' ' . | new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the | ||
| 5 | * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 . | * djuric , ivana 2003 ‘the croatian diaspora in north america : identity , ethnic solidarity , and the formation of a ‘transnational national community ’ ’ , international journal of politics , culture and society , vol . 17 , no . 1 , | macmillan , 1993 . * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 | ||
| 6 | ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . | 2003 , pp . 113 - 130 | * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , | ||
| 7 | 2002 . * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . | new york : | * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 . * owen , david : ' | ||
| 13 | gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' | co : westview press , 2002 [ 3rd edition ] * ramet , sabrina p 2004 ‘explaining the yugoslav meltdown . “for a charm of pow ’ rful trouble , like a hell | , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia | ||
| 15 | journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - | 14 | 63 * ramet , sabrina p 2006 ' ' thinking about yugoslavia : scholarly debates about the yugoslav breakup and the wars in bosnia and kosovo ' ' . cambridge : cambridge university press * simms , brendan 2001 ' ' unfinest hour : how britain helped to destroy bosnia ' ' . allen lane / penguin press | - 026101 - x = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ | |
| 85546527 | 1 | = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * brad k . blitz ( ed . ) ' ' | the | fall 2003 , pp . 113 - 130 * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " | |
| 4 | press * ramet , sabrina p . ' ' balkan babel . the disintegration of yugoslavia from the death of tito to the insurrection in kosovo ' ' . bouder , | co : westview press , 2002 [ 3rd edition ] * ramet , sabrina p 2004 ‘explaining the yugoslav meltdown . “for a charm of pow ’ rful trouble , like a hell | isbn 0 | - broth boil and bubble ” : theories about the roots of the yugoslav troubles ’ , ' ' nationalities papers ' ' , vol . 32 , no . 4 | |
| 5 | press , 2002 [ 3rd edition ] * ramet , sabrina p 2004 ‘explaining the yugoslav meltdown . “for a charm of pow ’ rful trouble , like a hell - | broth boil and bubble ” : theories about the roots of the yugoslav troubles ’ , ' ' nationalities papers ' ' , vol . 32 , no . 4 , december 2004 , pp . 731 | 14 | - 63 * ramet , sabrina p 2006 ' ' thinking about yugoslavia : scholarly debates about the yugoslav breakup and the wars in bosnia and kosovo ' ' . cambridge | |
| 7 | = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * brad k . blitz ( ed . ) ' ' | war and change in the balkans . nationalism , conflict and cooperation ' ' . cambridge : cambridge university press , 2006 [ paperback isbn - 139780521677738 , isbn - 100521677734 ] | * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , | ||
| 8 | : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 . | * bunce , valerie 1999 ' ' subversive institutions ' ' . cambridge : cambridge university press | * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : | ||
| 10 | ) * cushman , tom and stipe mestrovic ( eds ) ' ' this time we knew . western responses to the war in bosnia ' ' . new york : | new york university press , 1996 | * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * djuric | ||
| 11 | , 1996 * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . | * djuric , ivana 2003 ‘the croatian diaspora in north america : identity , ethnic solidarity , and the formation of a ‘transnational national community ’ ’ , international journal of politics , culture and society , vol . 17 , no . 1 , | fall 2003 , pp . 113 - 130 * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " | ||
| 12 | solidarity , and the formation of a ‘transnational national community ’ ’ , international journal of politics , culture and society , vol . 17 , no . 1 , fall | 2003 , pp . 113 - 130 | * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . | ||
| 14 | * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 . | * hodge , carole 1999 the serb lobby in the united kingdom . seattle : university of washington press / henry m . jackson school of international studies ( ' the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies ' , nº no . 22 , 1999 ) | * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , | ||
| 17 | about the roots of the yugoslav troubles ’ , ' ' nationalities papers ' ' , vol . 32 , no . 4 , december 2004 , pp . 731 - | 63 * ramet , sabrina p 2006 ' ' thinking about yugoslavia : scholarly debates about the yugoslav breakup and the wars in bosnia and kosovo ' ' . cambridge : cambridge university press * simms , brendan 2001 ' ' unfinest hour : how britain helped to destroy bosnia ' ' . allen lane / penguin press | * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 . * owen , david : ' | ||
| 87450897 | 5 | , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th cousin 20 removed , and your | mom . < / s > { | class | momclass | = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | row 1 , cell 2 | row |
| 87452403 | 5 | ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ this is the | only reliable information on this page | the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] | . yuogoslavia is my favorite place . in there you can have rotten egg battles with your mother , cousin , uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , |
| 7 | toc _ _ this is the only reliable information on this page . yuogoslavia is my favorite place . in there you can have rotten egg battles with your mother , | but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the | , cousin , uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th | ||
| 8 | _ this is the only reliable information on this page . yuogoslavia is my favorite place . in there you can have rotten egg battles with your mother , cousin , | century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as | , uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th cousin 20 | ||
| 11 | 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th cousin 20 removed , and your momclass = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 | ! header 3 | - | row 1 | it began to raise funds | , cell 1 | row 1 , cell 2 | row 1 , cell 3 | - | row 2 , cell 1 | row 2 , cell 2 | row | |
| 12 | removed , 19th cousin 20 removed , and your momclass = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , | cell 1 | row 1 | especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature | , cell 2 | row 1 , cell 3 | - | row 2 , cell 1 | row 2 , cell 2 | row 2 , cell 3 | } | |
| 13 | , and your momclass = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | row 1 , | cell 2 | row 1 | the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments | , cell 3 | - | row 2 , cell 1 | row 2 , cell 2 | row 2 , cell 3 | } = = kingdom of serbs , | |
| 14 | wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | row 1 , cell 2 | row 1 , | cell 3 | - | row 2 | which began to take them increasingly seriously | , cell 1 | row 2 , cell 2 | row 2 , cell 3 | } = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | | |
| 15 | header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | row 1 , cell 2 | row 1 , cell 3 | - | row 2 , | cell 1 | row 2 | especially as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) | , cell 2 | row 2 , cell 3 | } = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ image | |
| 16 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | row 1 , cell 2 | row 1 , cell 3 | - | row 2 , cell 1 | row 2 , | cell 2 | row 2 | its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] | , cell 3 | } = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | | |
| 21 | the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ this is the only reliable information on this page . yuogoslavia is my favorite place . in | there you can have rotten egg battles with your mother | , cousin , uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th | ||
| 22 | toc _ _ this is the only reliable information on this page . yuogoslavia is my favorite place . in there you can have rotten egg battles with your mother , | cousin | , uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th cousin 20 | ||
| 25 | aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th cousin 20 removed , and | your momclass = " wikitable " | - | ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | row 1 , cell 2 | row 1 , cell 3 | - | ||
| 26 | , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th cousin 20 removed , and your momclass = " wikitable " | - ! | header 1 ! | header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | row 1 , cell 2 | row 1 , cell 3 | - | row 2 , | ||
| 87596151 | 4 | , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock | _ | therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : | |
| 6 | [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock | _ | therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being | ||
| 8 | introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock | _ | therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to | ||
| 10 | of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " [[ shock | _ | therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia | ||
| 12 | break - up of the country . they were aided by the us government ' s stance of sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with the " [[ shock | _ | therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme . indeed , it is likely that the internal dynamics towards yugoslav collapse into civil war may have been inadvertently | ||
| 87847188 | 12 | a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) " ( | [[ | 1943 ]] ) , the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) " ( [[ 1946 ]] ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of | |
| 13 | socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) " ( [[ 1943 | ]] | ) , the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) " ( [[ 1946 ]] ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | ||
| 14 | including the " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) " ( [[ 1943 ]] ) , the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) " ( | [[ | 1946 ]] ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) " ( [[ 1963 ]] ) . it disintegrated following the [[ yugoslav wars | ||
| 15 | " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) " ( [[ 1943 ]] ) , the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) " ( [[ 1946 | ]] | ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) " ( [[ 1963 ]] ) . it disintegrated following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] , | ||
| 16 | people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) " ( [[ 1946 ]] ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) " ( | [[ | 1963 ]] ) . it disintegrated following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] , which led to the secession of most of the constituent elements of the sfry . the ' ' | ||
| 17 | s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) " ( [[ 1946 ]] ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) " ( [[ 1963 | ]] | ) . it disintegrated following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] , which led to the secession of most of the constituent elements of the sfry . the ' ' ' federal | ||
| 20 | - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . ! header 2 during the early period of the world war i ( which started in | [[ | 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south | ||
| 48 | and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] - metohija form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in | [[ | 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip | ||
| 56 | the state provided housing , health care , education , and child care . citizens lived well on a per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in | [[ | 1980 ]] dollars ) , with one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government | ||
| 67 | as well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image : ante marković . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ ante marković ]] ]] in [[ 1989 | ]] | [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock | ||
| 89768655 | 12 | sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi | arab emirates | - arabia ]] | , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had |
| 14 | graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and | [[ | al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign | ||
| 15 | the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida | ]] | ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central | ||
| 90777430 | 0 | , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . | * conversi , daniele : " german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia " , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html | * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gutman | |
| 92352043 | 1 | and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = yeah so . | because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them more seriously as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] became more uncertain | . . = = = corfu agreement = = = during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july | |
| 2 | serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = yeah so . . | while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] | . = = = corfu agreement = = = during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] | ||
| 93924283 | 0 | pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] [[ hsb : | južnosłowjanska | juhosłowjanska | ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be |
| 94134661 | 4 | [[ kosova ]] in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ un ]] | from | since | [[ 1999 ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia |
| 95371782 | 0 | ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . | * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 . | * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 . * owen , david : ' | |
| 95508011 | 0 | 2002 . * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . | white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 . | * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * http : / / | |
| 99090370 | 0 | precise borders varied over the years . ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] | [[ ]] | [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ | |
| 99320888 | 1 | ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] | [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] | [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ | |
| 103590946 | 0 | axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ | october 8 | june 25 | ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation |
| 1 | , which led to the secession of most of the constituent elements of the sfry . the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( | [[ april 27 ]] , [[ | 1992 - 2003 ) was a [[ federation ]] on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the | ||
| 105304410 | 0 | [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ november 29 ]] , [[ | 1943 | 1945 | ]] & ndash ; [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various |
| 105328602 | 0 | [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ november 29 ]] , [[ | 1945 | 1943 | ]] & ndash ; [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various |
| 106967013 | 1 | 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of idiots ( | dfi | dfy | ) " ( 1943 ) , the " federal people ' s republic of poopheads ( fprp ) " ( 1946 ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of |
| 3 | , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of idiots ( dfi ) " ( 1943 ) , the " federal people ' s republic of poopheads ( | fprp | fpry | ) " ( 1946 ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of dumbdumbs ]] ( sfrd ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated following the [[ yugoslav wars | |
| 5 | 1943 ) , the " federal people ' s republic of poopheads ( fprp ) " ( 1946 ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of dumbdumbs ]] ( | sfrd | sfry | ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] , which led to the secession of most of the constituent elements of the sfry . the | |
| 107864960 | 3 | since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even | entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . | the stale - mate in the presidency further destabilized the country . | [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian |
| 107899114 | 24 | . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes | didn ' t vote favorably to serbia proper . | [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian | |
| 107938591 | 8 | of michigan press , 2000 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : | american council of learned societies , 1983 | ed 236 093 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned | |
| 35 | the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 | . | * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , | ||
| 36 | choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 | . | * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : | ||
| 37 | spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 . * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 | . | * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . * conversi , | ||
| 38 | center , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 | . | * conversi , daniele : " german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia " , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies | ||
| 39 | german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 | . | * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . | ||
| 40 | ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 | . | * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 | ||
| 41 | * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 | . | * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 . | ||
| 42 | . * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 | . | * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , | ||
| 43 | ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 093 | . | * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . | ||
| 44 | societies , 1983 . ed 236 093 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : | american council of learned societies , 1983 . | ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . | ||
| 45 | barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 | . | * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * kohlmann , evan | ||
| 46 | . ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 | . | * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , | ||
| 48 | - 85973 - 807 - 9 . * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 | . | * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 . * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : | ||
| 49 | allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' | . | harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 . * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics | ||
| 50 | a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 | . | * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 . * [[ | ||
| 52 | , 2002 . * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 | . | white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall | ||
| 53 | through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 | . | * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * http : / / | ||
| 109143757 | 0 | german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 | * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . | * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . | |
| 2 | roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : | new york : | macmillan , 1993 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . | ||
| 110342951 | 7 | , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . | " | = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] | ( blair , t . " the new - labour manifesto " ) furthermore , the latin name for yugoslavia - " comtominus " - is literally translated to mean sub |
| 110817216 | 0 | the precise borders varied over the years ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] | [[ category : former slavic countries ]] | [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ | |
| 111623983 | 0 | ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] | {{ link fa | no }} | [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ | |
| 111868326 | 1 | by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . well the | people sucked dick to get liberated | second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics | and fuckin fucked 24 hours a day so that they could get free porn . . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | |
| 8 | officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = headline text = = = = | headline text | further reading | = = pussy fartin faggit = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are | |
| 9 | , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = headline text = = = = headline text = = | pussy fartin faggit | * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : " german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia " , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html | = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and | |
| 114629889 | 0 | positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most present - day independent states yugonostalgic sentiments are considered improper . = = miscellaneous = = | * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . | pooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooop ! ! | = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] {{ yug - timeline }} = = |
| 114629970 | 0 | positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most present - day independent states yugonostalgic sentiments are considered improper . = = miscellaneous = = | pooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooop ! ! | * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . | = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] {{ yug - timeline }} = = |
| 117552842 | 0 | january , 2002 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 | * | white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of | |
| 117829193 | 0 | [[ nazi ]] policies . aleksandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin | [[ | prince paul . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , | |
| 1 | ]] policies . aleksandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul | of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] | . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the | ||
| 120425376 | 0 | ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] | [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] | [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ gl : iugoslavia - југославија | |
| 121446205 | 1 | of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ | south slavic latinic transliterations | gaj ' s latin alphabet | | latinic ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) |
| 129945432 | 0 | ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! | wooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo peee pee i love | ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! | |
| 131422302 | 0 | through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 | glenny , misha , ' ' the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) | * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . | |
| 1 | yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * | * [[ | misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * [ http : / / | ||
| 135831353 | 3 | : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ to : | ʻiukosilāvia | ʻiukosilāvia | ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] |
| 137226277 | 2 | ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * | [[ | jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed | |
| 139904818 | 0 | * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 | isbn 1 4039 7286 9 | * glenny , misha , ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd | |
| 144548416 | 1 | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision | . | ) . = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = | |
| 144797499 | 0 | gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english : language | english ]] : | [[ | south slavia " ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] | |
| 146990528 | 0 | independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . | marija serfovic | = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day | is sxc ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png |
| 161061783 | 0 | balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ films about yugoslavia revolution ]] {{ yug - timeline }} | anthony you are wrong | = = references = = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name | |
| 237997993 | 0 | countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] | [[ af : joegoslawië ]] | [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg | |
| 243549350 | 1 | * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of | yugoslavia | fugoslavia | | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . |
| 243549424 | 1 | * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander iv of | fugoslavia | yugoslavia | | alexander iv ]] banned national political parties in 1529 , assumed executive power and renamed the country fugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist assions . |
| 247526296 | 2 | forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the | [[ austria ]] n | austrian | [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial |
| 247935764 | 2 | austrian ]] part , and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . | png | svg | | thumb | 200px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty |
| 25 | albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of | the | > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : | ||
| 250982182 | 1 | been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] | ' ' | with the european union | . < gallery caption = " flags of the new recognized states " perrow = 3 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ |
| 251007548 | 3 | [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute | by serbia | ]] ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ | |
| 251363174 | 6 | [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute | by serbia | ]] ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ | |
| 251645066 | 8 | ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ | ljubljana | prishtina | ]] , # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - |
| 252009872 | 0 | by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < gallery caption = " flags of the new recognized states " perrow = | 3 | 4 | > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | |
| 252030779 | 0 | by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < gallery caption = " flags of the new recognized states " perrow = | 4 | 3 | > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | |
| 252034361 | 0 | by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < gallery caption = " flags of the new recognized states " perrow = | 3 | 4 | > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | |
| 257724941 | 0 | the european union . since january 1 , 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . | < center > | < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 4 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and | |
| 1 | encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = | 4 | 6 | > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | | |
| 257769716 | 44 | 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < center > < gallery caption = " | flags of the new states " perrow = 6 | > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | | |
| 262054633 | 9 | / center > < / gallery > [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces . ]] [[ | image | file | : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] . ]] [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | |
| 25 | = = = breakup = = = [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ | image | file | : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to | |
| 268691607 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ | { ghfhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh { | refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png |
| 268701907 | 0 | {st@rt} | { ghfhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh { | {{ | refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png |
| 284695040 | 48 | with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . in march 1990 , during the | demonstrations in [[ split | ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' | ( city ) | split ]] , croatia , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving it through a crowd of people . |
| 313663539 | 10 | books . new york , 1994 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 | - | – | 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of |
| 318046156 | 15 | serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : | }} | | 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ | |
| 17 | [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] | style = " | }} | : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | ||
| 34 | [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] | style = " | font - size | : 90 % ; " | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center | ||
| 321377060 | 1 | access for jews . a secret protocol was attached to the axis pact which promised yugoslavia access to the aegean sea at the expense of greece in the new order . | ( see also | - - [[ user : vatroslav1937 | vatroslav1937 ]] ( [[ user talk : vatroslav1937 | talk ]] ) 13 : 28 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) serbian pro | |
| 323761924 | 0 | constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr | macedonia | fyrom | ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and |
| 323785278 | 0 | constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr | fyrom | macedonia | ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and |
| 336876769 | 0 | michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : | [[ | saqi , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new | |
| 1 | press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : saqi | books | saqi ]] | , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york | ||
| 337480691 | 2 | constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr | macedonia | skopje | ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and |
| 337480914 | 2 | constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr | skopje | macedonia | ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and |
| 340419473 | 4 | : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " | former socialist republics | " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries | |
| 365758207 | 0 | 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 - 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 | * roberts , walter r | walter r roberts : < http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / walter _ r _ roberts > " tito , mihailovic , and the allies : 1941 - 1945 " . duke university press , 1987 ; isbn 0 - 8223 - 0773 - 1 | * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura | |
| 376903215 | 0 | lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 | * malesevic , sinisa : ideology , legitimacy and the new state : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . | * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - | |
| 387354520 | 2 | = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = references = = | ' ' ' notes : ' ' ' { | class | = = = notes = = = {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new | |
| 394554278 | 2 | , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref | > http : / / | " > | atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april |
| 400599300 | 6 | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . | jugoslavia | . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the kingdom of yugoslavia and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | | |
| 75 | . * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " | ( | [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of | ||
| 404799827 | 0 | the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] who after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation . | < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / news | . ) < ref > {{ cite book | last = huntington | first = samuel p . | title = [[ the clash of civilizations | the clash of civilizations | |
| 429684161 | 0 | : yugoslavia ]] [[ kn : ಯುಗೊಸ್ಲಾವಿಯ ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ rw : yugosilaviya ]] [[ ky : югославия ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ ku : | yûgoslaviya | yûgoslavya | ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ mr : युगोस्लाव्हिया ]] [[ arz : يوجوسلافيا ]] |
| 441313646 | 38 | www . reuters . com / article / worldnews / idustre49780c20081008 | title = u . n . backs serbia in judicial move on kosovo & # 124 ; international | | publisher | agency | = reuters | date = 2008 - 10 - 08 | accessdate = 2009 - 07 - 20 }} < / ref > on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled |
| 52 | bbc . co . uk / 2 / hi / special _ report / 1998 / kosovo / 110492 . stm | title = history , bloody history | publisher = | [[ | bbc news ]] | date = march 24 , 1999 | accessdate = december 29 , 2010 }} < / ref > ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated | ||
| 69 | , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs ]] but included 37 , 000 | [[ | jews ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 | ||
| 133 | cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = 1991 | - 09 - 25 | | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in | ||
| 153 | / www . bbc . co . uk / news / world - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 2010 | - 07 - 22 | | publisher = bbc news | accessdate = 2010 - 07 - 23 }} < / ref > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = {{ main | ||
| 446485759 | 1 | self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid | | | asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the | |
| 3 | still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ | asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the | ||
| 459204643 | 0 | ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ ku : yûgoslavya ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] | [[ ml : യുഗോസ്ലാവിയ ]] | [[ mr : युगोस्लाव्हिया ]] [[ arz : يوجوسلافيا ]] [[ ms : yugoslavia ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ | |
| 467914600 | 5 | entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] = = = new states = = = countries created directly from the former yugoslavia ( with the initial [[ | de iure ]] symbols ) , gained [[ un ]] membership 1991 - 2000 : | { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < | |
| 468701811 | 32 | ruled that kosovo ' s independence was not illegal . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . bbc . co . uk / | news | ecclblog | / world - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 22 july 2010 | publisher = bbc news | accessdate = |
| 34 | < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . bbc . co . uk / news / world - europe - 10730573 | title = | kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | 7915 | publisher = the university of edinburgh school of law | author = ljubica spaskovska | | date = 22 july 2010 | publisher = bbc news | accessdate = 23 july 2010 }} < / ref > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = | |
| 478217075 | 22 | formed yugoslavia , as well as culture and influence . < ref > {{ cite web | title = former yugoslavia patches itself together : entering the yugosphere | publisher = | [[ | the economist ]] | date = 2009 - 08 - 20 | url = http : / / www . economist . com / node / 14258861 | accessdate = 2011 | |
| 492334641 | 0 | , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 | - | 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 – 1999 ' ' | |
| 1 | sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 | - | 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 – 1999 ' ' ( | ||
| 2 | : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 | - | 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 – 1999 ' ' ( london | ||
| 3 | 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 | - | 521 46705 5 * malesevic , sinisa : ideology , legitimacy and the new state : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . * owen , | ||
| 4 | * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 | - | 46705 5 * malesevic , sinisa : ideology , legitimacy and the new state : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . * owen , david | ||
| 5 | [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 | - | 5 * malesevic , sinisa : ideology , legitimacy and the new state : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . * owen , david : | ||
| 492376913 | 1 | kosovo ]] ( disputed ) < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ | }} | ( disputed ) < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | |
| 492692066 | 3 | > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | style = " | width : 7em ; | font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / | |
| 6 | > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " | width : 7em ; | font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / | ||
| 9 | | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ kosovo ]] }} ( disputed ) < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " | width : 7em ; | font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | | ||
| 13 | : < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 25px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " | width : 7em ; | font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / | ||
| 496003280 | 15 | of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | states | and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] countries that emerged from the former yugoslavia | : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' name ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' | |
| 20 | > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | style = " | width : 7em ; | font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia | ||
| 27 | | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ kosovo ]] }} ( disputed ) < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " | width : 7em ; | font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file | ||
| 29 | : < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 25px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " | width : 7em ; | font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia | ||
| 499510336 | 0 | 2008 . png | caption2 = current state of affairs on the territory of the former yugoslavia , as of 2008 }} yugoslav successor states : { | class = " | sortable | wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' | |
| 500174054 | 0 | district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " | sortable | wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' number ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' name ' ' ' < / | |
| 3 | 2008 . png | caption2 = current state of affairs on the territory of the former yugoslavia , as of 2008 }} yugoslav successor states : { | class = " | sortable | wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' | ||
| 507481081 | 0 | * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * | [[ walter roberts ( writer ) | | roberts , walter r | walter r roberts : < http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / walter _ r _ roberts > " tito , | |
| 3 | < http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / walter _ r _ roberts > " tito , mihailovic , and the allies : 1941 – 1945 | " | ' ' | . duke university press , 1987 ; isbn 0 - 8223 - 0773 - 1 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia | |
| 510573869 | 0 | ]] [[ tl : yugoslabya ]] [[ ta : யுகோஸ்லாவியா ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] | [[ ur : یوگوسلاویہ ]] | [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ zh - classical : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ yi : יוגאסלאוויע ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | |
| 523821978 | 0 | : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ sh : jugoslavija ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ tl : yugoslabya ]] [[ ta : | யுகோஸ்லாவியா | யுகோசுலாவியா | ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ ur : یوگوسلاویہ ]] [[ vi : nam tư |
| 537097237 | 8 | = fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | | page = 3 }} < | " | / ref > from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the united states , referred to the federal republic of yugoslavia as " serbia and montenegro " . < |
| 539572794 | 4 | ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ tl : yugoslabya ]] [[ ta : யுகோசுலாவியா ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] | [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ ur : یوگوسلاویہ ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ zh - classical : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ yi : יוגאסלאוויע ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | ||
| 542274104 | 0 | by other former republics . the united nations also [[ united nations security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . | < ref name = " mpil . de " | < ref name = " mpil . de " > {{ cite book | url = http : | / > eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country dropped those aspirations , accepted the opinion |
| 1 | united nations security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . < ref name = " mpil . de " / | / www . mpil . de / shared / data / pdf / pdfmpunyb / wood _ 1 . pdf | title = max planck yearbook of united nations law | chapter = participation of former yugoslav states in the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref | > eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country dropped those aspirations , accepted the opinion of | ||
| 544374238 | 0 | = the state of affairs of the territory of the former yugoslavia , 2008 }} the successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " | sortable | wikitable " ! < center > [[ list of countries | name ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ capital city | capital ]] < center > ! | |
| 547327217 | 9 | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | | < | < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! | center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; |
| 60 | = the state of affairs of the territory of the former yugoslavia , 2008 }} the successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " | sortable | wikitable " ! < center > [[ list of countries | name ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ capital city | capital ]] < center > ! | ||
| 553243882 | 0 | , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html | djilas , milovan : ' ' land without justice ' ' , [ with ] introd . and notes by william jovanovich . | * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , | |
| 1 | . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : | harcourt , brace and co . , 1958 . | new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' | ||
| 2 | bosnia 1992 – 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . | new york : | penguin books , 1997 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , | ||
| 561302207 | 1 | 5 * malesevic , sinisa : ideology , legitimacy and the new state : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . * owen , david : | * pavlowitch , steven . ' ' hitler ' s new disorder | ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 | |
| 2 | : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 | the second world war in yugoslavia ' ' ( 2008 ) [ http : / / www . amazon . com / hitlers - new - disorder - yugoslavia - columbia / dp / 0231700504 / excerpt and text search ] | * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * | ||
| 563182953 | 0 | language | croatian ]] , and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as | ' ' | [[ yugo - nostalgia ]] . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former | |
| 569325923 | 0 | a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 | * hornyak , arpad . ' ' hungarian - yugoslav diplomatic relations , 1918 - 1927 ' ' ( east european monographs , distributed by columbia university press ; 2013 ) 426 pages | * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american | |
| 578696012 | 0 | | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] < ref name = " spencer tucker 2005 " | > ' ' ' cite error : the named reference spencer _ tucker _ 2005 was invoked but never defined ' ' ' < | / > , the western border left a population of half a million slavs < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul | |
| 1 | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] < ref name = " spencer tucker 2005 " / | ref | > , the western border left a population of half a million slavs < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n | ||
| 578720338 | 1 | relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = notes | = = {{ reflist | group = lower - roman }} | notes and references = = {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs | |
| 582992172 | 0 | . later , the government renamed the country leading to the first official use of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' in 1929 . = = = king alexander = = = | on 20 june 1928 serb deputy puniša račić shot at five members of the opposition croatian peasant party in the [[ parliament of yugoslavia | national assembly ]] resulting in the death of two deputies on the spot and in leader [[ stjepan radić ]] a few weeks later . {{ sfn | ramet | 2006 | p = 73 }} on 6 january 1929 | king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist | |
| 3 | [ http : / / www . amazon . com / hitlers - new - disorder - yugoslavia - columbia / dp / 0231700504 / excerpt and text search ] * | {{ cite book | last = | ramet , sabrina . ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * [[ | ||
| 4 | http : / / www . amazon . com / hitlers - new - disorder - yugoslavia - columbia / dp / 0231700504 / excerpt and text search ] * ramet | , | | first = | sabrina . ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * [[ walter roberts | |
| 7 | - columbia / dp / 0231700504 / excerpt and text search ] * ramet , sabrina . ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – | 2003 ' ' . bloomington : | 2005 | publisher = | indiana university press , 2006 * [[ walter roberts ( writer ) | roberts , walter r . ]] : ' ' tito , mihailovic , and the allies : 1941 | |
| 8 | text search ] * ramet , sabrina . ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press | , 2006 | | location = bloomington | isbn = 978 - 0 - 253 - 34656 - 8 | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = ftw3leqi2 - oc & printsec = frontcover | ref = harv }} | * [[ walter roberts ( writer ) | roberts , walter r . ]] : ' ' tito , mihailovic , and the allies : 1941 – 1945 ' ' . | |
| 588344999 | 23 | overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power in 2000 , the fry rescinded those aspirations , accepting the opinion of the [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and | reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november 2000 . | serbia | < ref name = " ebrd country promotion programme " > {{ cite web | title = fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http : / / www . |
| 588346260 | 1 | countries , including the united states , had referred to the fry as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' . < ref name = " serbia and montenegro " / | / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref | > ) in april 2001 , the five successor states extant at the time drafted an agreement on succession issues , signing the agreement in june 2001 . < ref > | |
| 590769471 | 2 | . co . uk / conversi / german . html * djilas , milovan : ' ' land without justice ' ' , [ with ] introd . and notes by | [[ | william jovanovich . new york : harcourt , brace and co . , 1958 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in | |
| 3 | . uk / conversi / german . html * djilas , milovan : ' ' land without justice ' ' , [ with ] introd . and notes by william jovanovich | ]] | . new york : harcourt , brace and co . , 1958 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' | ||
| 590801135 | 0 | 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * [[ | milovaj | milovan | djilas | djilas , milovan ]] : ' ' land without justice ' ' , [ with ] introd . and notes by [[ william jovanovich ]] . new york : |
| 595497490 | 0 | + few + hundred + italians & lr = & sig = acfu3u1d _ etppjl - 3k8nsyws4mfuun44sq a low dishonest decade : italy , the powers and eastern europe , 1918 | - | – | 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] , cutting off a quarter of |
| 3 | columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 177007031 | * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , | |||
| 620300269 | 1 | federal capital was belgrade . the policy focused on a strong central government under the control of the communist party , and on recognition of the multiple nationalities . < ref | > {{ cite book | author1 | name | = arnold and wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = |
| 2 | focused on a strong central government under the control of the communist party , and on recognition of the multiple nationalities . < ref > {{ cite book | author1 = | arnold and wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http : / / | " | books . google . com / books ? id = xrd6y - oifpac & pg = pa216 | year = 2012 | | page = 216 }} < / ref > | |
| 622094862 | 24 | ! ! [[ capital city | capital ]] ! ! [[ flag ]] ! ! [[ coat of arms ]] ! ! declared date of independence ! ! official state - | recognized | recognised | date of independence ! ! public holiday used to celebrate independence | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; |
| 641770502 | 0 | : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn | 177007031 | 1 - 77007 - 031 - 1 | * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , |
| 656901506 | 0 | former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! [[ list of countries | name ]] ! ! [[ capital city | capital ]] ! | [[ flag ]] | ! [[ flag ]] ! ! [[ coat of arms ]] ! ! declared date of independence ! ! official state - recognised date of independence ! ! public holiday used | |
| 686237393 | 0 | of half a million [[ south slavs ]] < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ | http | https | : / / books . google . com / books ? id = noalhezkydkc & pg = pa45 & dq = % 22the + treaty + left + half + a |
| 702550312 | 18 | . the serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in | [[ | paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the country was named after | |
| 702550622 | 6 | 17th century and gained prominence through the [[ illyrian movement ]] of the 19th century . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( | [[ | south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the serbian parliament in exile and | |
| 7 | century and gained prominence through the [[ illyrian movement ]] of the 19th century . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south | ]] | ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the serbian parliament in exile and the | ||
| 702589142 | 18 | [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on [[ 13 july ]] [[ 1922 ]] at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in | [[ | paris ]] . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the country was named | |
| 74 | and gained prominence through the [[ illyrian movement ]] of the [[ 19th century ]] . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( | [[ | south ]] ) and " slaveni " ( [[ slavs ]] ) . [[ yugoslavia ]] was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the | ||
| 75 | prominence through the [[ illyrian movement ]] of the [[ 19th century ]] . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( [[ south | ]] | ) and " slaveni " ( [[ slavs ]] ) . [[ yugoslavia ]] was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the [[ serbian | ||
| 730832904 | 1 | {{ wikiquote | yugoslavia }} {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} {{ eb1922 poster }} * {{ wikiatlas | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . ohr . int | : 80 | / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * {{ cite americana | wstitle = jugoslavia | author = milivoy s . stanoyevich | short = x }} * [ | |
| 741833870 | 0 | michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : | [[ | saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 * hornyak , arpad . ' ' hungarian - yugoslav diplomatic relations , 1918 – 1927 ' ' ( east european monographs , distributed | |
| 1 | , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi | books | saqi ]] | , 2007 * hornyak , arpad . ' ' hungarian - yugoslav diplomatic relations , 1918 – 1927 ' ' ( east european monographs , distributed by columbia university press ; | ||
| 754485190 | 1 | of countries | name ]] ! [[ capital city | capital ]] ! [[ flag ]] ! [[ coat of arms ]] ! declared date of independence ! official state - | recognised date of independence | states / | title = member states | publisher = united nations }} < / ref > | ! public holiday used to celebrate independence | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em " | [[ file : |
| 768996279 | 0 | = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = notes = = {{ reflist | group = lower - roman }} | {{ reflist | group = lower - alpha }} | = = references = = {{ reflist | 30em }} * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc | |
| 772701137 | 23 | = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = notes = = {{ reflist | group = lower - roman }} | {{ reflist | group = lower - alpha }} | = = references = = {{ reflist | 30em }} * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc | |
| 779051255 | 0 | | title = the world transformed 1945 to the present | last = hunt | first = michael | publisher = oxford university press | year = 2014 | isbn = | 9780193371020 | 978 - 0 - 19 - 937102 - 0 | | location = new york | pages = 522 }} < / ref > other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of [[ greater |
| 788334299 | 0 | york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . | {{ | isbn 1 - 77007 - 031 - 1 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform | |
| 3 | * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 | {{ | isbn 1 - 4039 - 7286 - 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , | ||
| 6 | : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , | {{ | isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " | ||
| 9 | * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , | {{ | isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : | ||
| 15 | 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , | {{ | isbn 0 - 521 - 46705 - 5 * malesevic , sinisa : ideology , legitimacy and the new state : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , | ||
| 18 | ) | roberts , walter r . ]] : ' ' tito , mihailovic , and the allies : 1941 – 1945 ' ' . duke university press , 1987 ; | {{ | isbn 0 - 8223 - 0773 - 1 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 – 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics | ||
| 792851831 | 4 | university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 | * | conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia ' ' , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian | |
| 794643300 | 2 | leading to the [[ ten - day war ]] . as slovenia and croatia fights towards independence , the serbian and croatian forces indulged into a violent and perilous rivalry . | & nbsp ; | < ref name = " : 0 " / > the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry | |
| 819797470 | 1 | and croatia = = new states = = the successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! [[ list of | countries | sovereign states | | name ]] ! [[ capital city | capital ]] ! [[ flag ]] ! [[ coat of arms ]] ! declared date of independence ! [[ united nations ]] membership |
| 819802470 | 2 | 1995 , the [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by the leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina , and croatia = = new states = = the successor states | to the former yugoslavia are the following : | . < ref name = " successor agreement " / > | { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! [[ list of sovereign states | name ]] ! [[ capital city | capital ]] ! [[ flag ]] ! [[ coat |
| 819803596 | 0 | croatia = = new states = = according to the succession agreement signed in vienna on 29 june 2001 , all assets of former yugoslavia were divided between five successor states | . | : | < ref name = " successor agreement " / > { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! [[ list of sovereign states | name ]] ! [[ capital city |
| 820178056 | 0 | ' jugoslavija ' ' < br / > југославија | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – | 1941 < br / > 1943 - | 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia {{ ! }} serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = state | |
| 820178588 | 0 | ' jugoslavija ' ' < br / > југославија | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – | 1941 < br / > 1943 – | 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia {{ ! }} serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = state | |
| 823677880 | 1 | _ type = flag ( 1945 - 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = grb jugoslavije . svg | symbol _ type = emblem ( 1963 | - | – | 1992 ) | symbol _ type _ article = emblem of yugoslavia | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = | latd |
| 845969538 | 2 | of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( pre - 1945 ) < br / > bottom : flag ( | post | 1945 | - 1945 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file |
| 846864398 | 5 | national _ anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 – | 45 | 1945 | ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 – 92 ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]] |
| 847058705 | 0 | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – | 1941 < br / > 1945 – | 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = kingdom of montenegro | flag | |
| 847129875 | 2 | 1919 & ndash ; 1941 ) < br / > [[ file : national anthem of the kingdom of yugoslavia . oga ]] - - - - " [[ hej , | sloveni | slaveni | ]] " ( 1945 & ndash ; 1992 ) < br / > [[ file : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] | capital = [[ |
| 847192222 | 0 | slavs . ogg ]] | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 – | 1945 | 1941 | ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 – 1992 ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]] |
| 853814420 | 1 | . archive . org / web / 20000816214535 / http : / / www . cia . gov : 80 / cia / publications / factbook / sr . html | | dead - url = yes | archive - date = 16 august 2000 | | title = cia - - the world factbook 1999 - - serbia and montenegro | date = 16 august 2000 | publisher = }} < / ref > in april 2001 | |
| 855762306 | 0 | : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . * owen , david . ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 | * pavlowitch , stevan k . ' ' the improbable survivor : yugoslavia and its problems , 1918 - 1988 ' ' ( 1988 ) . [ https : / / archive . org / details / improbablesurviv0000pavl online free to borrow ] * pavlowitch , stevan k . ' ' tito - - yugoslavia ' s great dictator : a reassessment ' ' ( 1992 ) [ https : / / archive . org / details / titoyugoslaviasg00pavl online free to borrow ] | * pavlowitch , steven . ' ' hitler ' s new disorder : the second world war in yugoslavia ' ' ( 2008 ) [ https : / / www . | |
| 857748479 | 1 | | 120px | border ]] | image _ flag2 = [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : | flag | 1918 – 1941 < br / > bottom : 1945 – 1992 ) < / small > | ( 1918 – 1941 ) < br / > bottom : flag ( 1945 – 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat |
| left_string | del_string | ins_string | right_string | ||
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| 42217788 | 0 | ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] | [[ | cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the [[ balkan peninsula | |
| 42544173 | 0 | joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croat ]] - [[ slovenian | people | | slovenian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance | |
| 74530305 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ unreferencefgdsasdfvsdfadfhg , tryheljg , jefghekghv ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , | ' ' југославија ' | colin rules | ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three separate political entities that existed |
| 74543934 | 1 | {st@rt} ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , | colin rules | ' ' југославија ' | ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three separate political entities that existed |
| 84126618 | 0 | ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' jugosllavia ' ' in [[ albanian language ]] | , | ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs | |
| 92027256 | 0 | . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , slovenian | language | slovenian ]] | , croatian , bosnian , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land | |
| 1 | the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , slovenian , | [[ | croatian , bosnian , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of | ||
| 2 | precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , slovenian , croatian | language | croatian ]] | , bosnian , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the | ||
| 3 | borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , slovenian , croatian , | [[ | bosnian , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ | ||
| 92498255 | 6 | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , or ' ' југославија ' ' in ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | [[ cyrillic ]] ) | : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during | |
| 94134661 | 1 | ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ kosovo ]] ( in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ; | ' ' | [[ kosova ]] in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ un ]] | |
| 115465480 | 24 | of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ serbian language ]] and | to some extent also | the [[ montenegrin language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first generation offspring of such marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical | |
| 115469794 | 1 | slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] | , [[ serbian language ]] | and the [[ montenegrin language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first - generation children of such marriages have difficulty with ethnic identification . this gave rise to the | |
| 135165823 | 0 | of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . once , the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] | was officially considered | is linguistically | a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the lingua - franca used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia |
| 192073726 | 23 | ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : | [[ south slavia ]] , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula | |
| 203556024 | 9 | form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( serbian : краљевина срба , хрвата и словенаца ; croatian : kraljevina srba , hrvata i slovenaca ; slovene : | slovene | slovene : kraljevina srbov , hrvatov in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " | |
| 19 | kingdom of serbia " ( serbian : краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( serbian : краљевина срба , хрвата и словенаца ; | croatian | : kraljevina srba , hrvata i slovenaca ; slovene : kraljevina srbov , hrvatov in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it | ||
| 203556486 | 0 | called " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] : država slovenaca , hrvata i srba / држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ; | [[ | slovene : kraljevina srbov , hrvatov in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " | |
| 203556910 | 3 | it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia " ( serbian : краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( serbian : краљевина | срба | словенаца | , хрвата и словенаца ; croatian : kraljevina srba , hrvata i slovenaca ; slovene : kraljevina srbov , hrvatov in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on |
| 4 | the " kingdom of serbia " ( serbian : краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( serbian : краљевина срба , хрвата и | словенаца | срба | ; croatian : kraljevina srba , hrvata i slovenaca ; slovene : kraljevina srbov , hrvatov in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and | |
| 5 | kingdom of serbia " ( serbian : краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( serbian : краљевина срба , хрвата и словенаца ; | croatian | [[ slovene ]] | : kraljevina srba , hrvata i slovenaca ; slovene : kraljevina srbov , hrvatov in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it | |
| 6 | " ( serbian : краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( serbian : краљевина срба , хрвата и словенаца ; croatian : kraljevina | srba , hrvata i slovenaca ; slovene : kraljevina srbov | slovencev | , hrvatov in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbo - croatian | |
| 206751541 | 3 | called " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] : država slovenaca , hrvata i srba / држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ; | [[ slovene ]] : | {{ lang - sl | ' ' | država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците ) . the country was established on 29 october 1918 . it lasted only |
| 9 | the " kingdom of serbia " ( kraljevina srbija / краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] : | {{ lang | sh | | kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на србите | ||
| 10 | to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] : kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба | }} | ; [[ slovene ]] : kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците ) . the country was re - named on | ||
| 11 | form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] : kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба ; | [[ slovene ]] : | slovene : {{ lang | sl | | kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth | |
| 13 | croatian ]] : kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : | {{ lang | mk | | кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( | ||
| 25 | serbo - croatian ]] : kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian | ]] | : кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " | ||
| 206802676 | 13 | словенците }} ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbo - croatian and slovene | ( latin only ) : | kraljevina jugoslavija / краљевина југославија ; macedonian : кралство југославија . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army | |
| 220496653 | 0 | - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | | serbo - croatian | serbian | ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " , |
| 231803887 | 0 | . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] | ( | , | [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ |
| 4 | " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | | slovenian | slovene | ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; | |
| 5 | " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] | , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' | ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; [[ | ||
| 236693431 | 1 | dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] | , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] | and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - | |
| 236696489 | 0 | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin | language | ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo | |
| 238525009 | 0 | dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] | , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin language ]] | and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - | |
| 239298367 | 0 | dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] | , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin language ]] | and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - | |
| 239298782 | 0 | - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] | : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " | |
| 239315045 | 0 | - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] | : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " | |
| 1 | dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] | , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin language ]] | and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - | ||
| 240043002 | 0 | - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] | {{ fact }} | , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in [[ english language | | |
| 241485481 | 4 | republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ croatian language ]] | , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin language ]] | and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - | |
| 251643059 | 0 | as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian | ]] , [[ albanian | ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' | |
| 251643221 | 0 | as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian | ]] , [[ albanian | ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' | |
| 259239279 | 0 | political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian | ]] , [[ albanian | ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | |
| 259240632 | 1 | political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian | ]] , [[ albanian | ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | |
| 275946928 | 1 | croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | | macedonian | fyromian | ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of |
| 276014383 | 1 | croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | | macedonian | fyromian | ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of |
| 276822089 | 0 | entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] | , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of [[ | |
| 276822967 | 0 | entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] | , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of [[ | |
| 281117483 | 4 | imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language | | bosnian | ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where | |
| 5 | where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language | | croatian | ]] , [[ montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in | ||
| 7 | of macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language | | serbian | ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian was used and others | ||
| 8 | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] | languages | . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian was used and others were | ||
| 9 | ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . | the | sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian was used and others were expected | ||
| 281117873 | 0 | [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] | , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] | and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . the sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs | |
| 284695040 | 2 | the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | | bosnian | macedonian | ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ |
| 4 | ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | | croatian | montenegrin | ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' | |
| 5 | - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | serbo - croatian | | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script | |
| 6 | | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | | montenegrin | serbo - croatian or croato - serbian | ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : | |
| 70 | location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | | serbo - | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , | ||
| 71 | language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene | ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian | ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of | ||
| 290007373 | 0 | as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian | ]] , [[ croato - serbian language | croato - serbian | ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian | |
| 1 | ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian | or croato - serbian | ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " | ||
| 290836160 | 0 | as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian | ]] , [[ croato - serbian language | croato - serbian | ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian | |
| 290849084 | 0 | as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian | ]] , [[ croato - serbian language | croato - serbian | ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian | |
| 290903431 | 0 | as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian | ]] , [[ croato - serbian language | croato - serbian | ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian | |
| 291724921 | 1 | alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " , [[ albani language | | albania | albanian | ]] ' ' jugoslavia ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the |
| 292035709 | 3 | as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian | ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian | ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene | |
| 292754074 | 1 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian | ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian | ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene | |
| 294154648 | 0 | federal republic of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | | macedonian | slavomacedonian | ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene |
| 294225092 | 1 | federal republic of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ slavomacedonian language | | slavomacedonian | macedonian | ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene |
| 300372166 | 0 | political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian | ]] , [[ albanian language | albanian | ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ | |
| 302398403 | 5 | political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian | ]] , [[ albanian language | albanian | ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | |
| 304658168 | 0 | political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian | ]] , [[ albanian language | albanian | ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | |
| 305203625 | 2 | political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian | ]] , [[ albanian language | albanian | ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | |
| 325211534 | 1 | ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian | ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian | ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " | |
| 325617238 | 1 | of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | | serbo - croatian | serbian | ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : |
| 325697061 | 1 | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | | serbian | serbo - croatian | ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : |
| 326830784 | 1 | of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | | serbo - | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] | |
| 337480691 | 1 | language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin _ language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | | macedonian | skopje | ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " |
| 337480914 | 1 | language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin _ language | montenegrin ]] , [[ skopje language | | skopje | macedonian | ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " |
| 337642740 | 1 | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the | * | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on |
| 337769009 | 1 | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the | * | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on |
| 337777732 | 1 | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the | * | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on |
| 346818646 | 1 | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | | macedonian ]] | slavic ] | , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south |
| 346818728 | 1 | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ fyrom language | | slavic ] | macedonian ]] | , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south |
| 346898017 | 1 | as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | | serbo - | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : | |
| 379459406 | 0 | entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian | ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian | ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a | |
| 2 | of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | | serbo - | croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is | ||
| 379540202 | 1 | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | | serbo - | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | |
| 2 | location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian | ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian | ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a | ||
| 379540364 | 0 | entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian | ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian | ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a | |
| 2 | of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | | serbo - | croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is | ||
| 434980785 | 0 | location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ macedonian language | macedonian | ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian | ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian | |
| 436091877 | 10 | location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ macedonian language | macedonian | ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian | ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian | |
| 447905744 | 0 | ' ' ( [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : | ( [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the [[ balkans | |
| 447905869 | 1 | years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : | ( | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | | |
| 447906021 | 0 | ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] | : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the [[ | |
| 447906262 | 0 | years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] | : | , | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) refers to three political entities that existed successively |
| 447906527 | 0 | ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | , | : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the [[ | |
| 495585894 | 3 | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian | macedonian | ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) |
| 19 | years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] | , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of | ||
| 495666744 | 4 | location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | | macedonian | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian | ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most |
| 5 | the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] | , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | ||
| 495668696 | 5 | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian | macedonian | ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) |
| 23 | years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] | , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of | ||
| 563182630 | 0 | [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] | , | and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugo - nostalgia ]] | |
| 604841248 | 0 | [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] | , | , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] | and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as ' ' [[ yugonostalgia ]] |
| 611563753 | 4 | former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] and [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] . the [[ serbs | serbian ]] [[ | house of | karađorđević dynasty ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris . < ref > http | |
| 725921112 | 0 | mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | | macedonian | croatian | ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century |
| 745597316 | 1 | | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | | croatian | serbo - croatian | ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија ) |
| 2 | of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] | : | : | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during | |
| 3 | ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian | language | latin alphabet | | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into | |
| 4 | bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian language | serbian | latin | ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after | ||
| 745962753 | 1 | ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian latin alphabet | serbian | latin | cyrillic | ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after |
| 755859592 | 2 | yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | | serbo | jugoslavija }} / југославија , {{ lang | - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | serbian cyrillic ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian |
| 3 | map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - | croatian ]] | sl | jugoslavija }} | , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | serbian cyrillic ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија | |
| 6 | | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | serbian cyrillic ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : | југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 298090 | 4 | , croatian in bosnia , albanian in serbia and macedonia , hungarian in serbia ) , this led to some often bloody civil wars ( croatia , bosnia , [[ kosovo | war | ]] ) . for more information about the current situation in yugoslavia , see [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , the name under which the republic is currently officially recognised by | ||
| 298091 | 16 | wars ( [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . for more information about the current situation in yugoslavia , see [[ serbia and montenegro | ]] , | the name under which the republic is currently officially recognised by the [[ united states ]] . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain | ||
| 298092 | 0 | [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and [[ macedonia ]] all gained their independence . nowadays the only remaining republics are [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] | , with the status of [[ kosovo ]] still uncertain | . because there were large ethnic minorities within the various countries ( serbian regions in croatia and bosnia , croatian in bosnia , albanian in serbia and macedonia , hungarian in | ||
| 202246 | 17 | economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ yugoslavia / military | military ]] * [[ yugoslavia | / transnational issues | transnational issues | ]] | ||
| 627163 | 1 | a new agreement regarding continued federation , which , among other changes , promised to end the use of the name yugoslavia in favor of ' ' ' serbia and montenegro | ]] | ' ' ' . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / b > yu < i > from the [[ | ||
| 830455 | 0 | and [[ subotica ]] * the [[ kosovo ]] region * [[ belgrade ]] - the capital of the federal republic of yugoslavia * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ prishtina ]] | = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . countryguide . com / yugoslavia / countryguide : : yugoslavia ] - - editor - maintained directory focused on travel planning and research . | |||
| 841818 | 0 | and [[ subotica ]] * the [[ kosovo ]] region * [[ belgrade ]] - the capital of the federal republic of yugoslavia * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ prishtina ]] | = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . countryguide . com / yugoslavia / countryguide : : yugoslavia ] - - editor - maintained directory focused on travel planning and research . | |||
| 854785 | 0 | sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] * the [[ kosovo ]] region * [[ belgrade ]] - the capital of the federal republic of yugoslavia * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ | prishtina | pristina | ]] | |
| 904667 | 15 | ]] and [[ subotica ]] * the [[ kosovo ]] region * [[ belgrade ]] - the capital of the federal republic of yugoslavia * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ pristina | | pri & # 353 ; tina | ]] | ||
| 1278009 | 3 | under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' ' serbia and montenegro | ' ' ' , from 2003 onward | ]] | . see [[ history of yugoslavia ]] for relation among the three . the rest of this article speaks about federal republic of yugoslavia . - - - - < div | |
| 1278010 | 3 | the name : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , when it was renamed [[ serbia and montenegro | ]] | ' ' ' , from 2003 onward | . see [[ history of yugoslavia ]] for relation among the three . the rest of this article speaks about federal republic of yugoslavia . - - - - < div | |
| 1288560 | 15 | under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' ' serbia and montenegro | ' ' ' | ]] | , from 2003 onward . see [[ history of yugoslavia ]] for relation among the three . the rest of this article speaks about federal republic of yugoslavia . - - | |
| 1338233 | 1 | / table > the [[ united nations ]] , and many individual states ( including the [[ united states ]] ) refused to recognise the remaining confederation of serbia and montenegro | as the [[ succession of states theory | continuation ]] of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , although they accepted it as constituting a state . this situation is now resolved , with the admission of the federal republic of yugoslavia | --> | [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / b > yu = = related articles = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] [[ | |
| 8716833 | 4 | and by permitting free hand to quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading to great civilain loss of life , principally among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , | who | whose populations | provided the bulk of partisan formations . the current estimate of the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population | |
| 8718538 | 11 | from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade , yugoslavia | belgrade ]] | . during | as well as many other territories , but withdrew after | the war the [[ communism | communist ]] lead the [[ partisans ]] that were opposing the occupation and were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories | |
| 9341361 | 2 | ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( which includes provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo | ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija | ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and | ||
| 4 | yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and kosovo | | kosovo and metohija ]] | was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milo & # 353 ; | |||
| 5 | get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo | and metohia | - metohija , | and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesic | stipe mesi & # 263 ; ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovsek | janez drnov | ||
| 7 | united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and kosovo and | metohia | metohija | began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] . on [[ april 11 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of | ||
| 9383013 | 7 | | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ franjo tudjman | franjo tu & # 273 ; man ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected | unionists | candidates who favoured yugoslavian unity | . in march [[ 1990 ]] , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight | |
| 21 | serbs should live in the same country . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia and herzegovina | , albeit only by two out of its three constitutive peoples , [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslims ]] and croats | . secession of the new - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody and gruesome [[ yugoslav wars ]] . it started with a short war in slovenia and continued | |||
| 9469448 | 4 | serbs should live in the same country . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia and herzegovina | , albeit only two out of the three constitutive peoples of bh did so , the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslims ]] and croats | . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a | ||
| 10034644 | 1 | serbs should live in the same country . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia and herzegovina | held a referendum on independence in the same year ; this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb minority there | , albeit only two out of the three constitutive peoples of bh did so , the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslims ]] and croats . secession of the newly - formed | ||
| 13197885 | 7 | army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than two months ( see [[ kosovo war ]] | ) | for more information | . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a | |
| 13344165 | 0 | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] . | the other ethnic groups , including the bulgarians in [[ vardar macedonia ]] and the [[ western bulgarian fringe ]] ( [[ zapadni bulgarski pokraynini ]] ) , were brutally suppressed . hundreds were murdered , thousands were sent to the [[ goli otok ]] [[ concentration camp ]] . | the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ | ||
| 17893899 | 2 | * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] | ( autonomous provinces ) | . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to | ||
| 23641751 | 4 | was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ ustaše ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied bosnia - herzegovina | ]] | as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ albania ]] , [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ | ||
| 25682758 | 4 | ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro | ]] which finally happened on [[ 6th february ]] [[ 2003 | ]] . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) | ||
| 9 | | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] ( republics ) ; * [[ vojvodina ]] and * [[ kosovo ]] | ( autonomous provinces ) . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] are | form a | part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) | ||
| 25683008 | 5 | ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] | hungarian became natioanlly recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . ' ' ' | [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf | ||
| 25770220 | 0 | ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] | ' ' ' | in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and | ||
| 26257312 | 3 | play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] was | abolished | reduced | , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] in january [[ 1990 ]] | |
| 30275074 | 3 | ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] | - annexed from albania in 1910 | in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and | ||
| 30298958 | 6 | * [[ slovenia ]] and two separate provinces of yugoslavia , where the people were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] - mainly hungarian * [[ kosovo ]] | - annexed from albania in 1910 | in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and | ||
| 31961080 | 27 | country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 | ]] | and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after | ||
| 32922260 | 7 | forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . this led to great civilian loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , | whose populations provided a large portion | very high losses were | of rebel formations . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . during the war | |
| 33824642 | 6 | vote in the referendum . the referendum was declared valid , and the republic ' s government declared its independence . the serbs immediately declared the independence of [[ republika srpska | ]] | , and the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal | ||
| 34241700 | 1 | establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina | ]] in november [[ 1991 ]] , the bosnian serbs | held a referendum on independence on [[ 1 march ]] [[ 1992 ]] . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of the newly created serb | ||
| 7 | 1992 ]] . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina | " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ unconstitutional | ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn | |||
| 21 | ]] . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | supported | by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn - out | |||
| 35849849 | 2 | known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia - herzegovina | ]] | as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ | ||
| 40778709 | 0 | ( the votes of serbs were ignored , though such decision should be supported by all bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect | they | their | rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early | |
| 47536688 | 2 | four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | s . r . macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina | | s . r . bosnia and herzegovina | ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was | ||
| 49289473 | 0 | b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav | wars | wars of yugoslav succession ]] * [[ alexander , crown prince of yugoslavia ]] | war | = = references = = * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ | |
| 56779575 | 3 | loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of [[ may 22 ]] [[ 2006 ]] montenegro | has | ]] | voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = ' ' ' background | |
| 57059880 | 1 | serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . | in | on | [[ 2001 ]] , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on | |
| 10 | montenegro ]] . in [[ 2001 ]] , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] | . * on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . montenegro officially declared | |||
| 57320182 | 5 | at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remains in place in belgrade but now assumes only ceremonial powers . the local governments of serbia and of montenegro | now conduct | conducted | their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may | |
| 60458120 | 1 | . [[ image : banknoteyug . jpg | 300px | left | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] bill of 50 & nbsp ; [[ billion ]] [[ yugoslavia dinar | | dinars | dinara | ]] ( 1993 ) ]] on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a | |
| 63135279 | 6 | ' ' ' was formed in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo | - metohia | and metohija | ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state transformed into a loose commonwealth | |
| 63330276 | 20 | fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina | ]] | as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ | ||
| 34 | accepted by the [[ un ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , | and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : | as well as | [[ jew ]] s , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war | ||
| 63331191 | 16 | ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | . | in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and | |
| 63517403 | 58 | : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in 1981 | ]] | , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status | ||
| 80 | months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in serbia , bosnia - herzegovina , macedonia and kosovo | ]] | . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was an critical turning point | |||
| 63521475 | 47 | elected in the spring of 1990 , adopted a policy very much in line with that of austria , but with additional hungarian goals vis a vis serbia ' s vojvodina | ]] | province . these manoeuvres by austria and hungary to break up yugoslavia were , of course , then overshadowed by the german government ' s drive to derecognise yugoslavia through giving | ||
| 87 | . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro | ]] | elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights " , the serbs were stripped of their national and constitutional | |||
| 117 | to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija | ]] | , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ | |||
| 69732942 | 0 | - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , | [[ | bačka and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared a carve - up of croat lands between serbia and italy . there were also quarrels about the designation | ||
| 83862003 | 33 | . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | . after a successful referendum in the republic , montenegro | and | officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on [[ june 5 ]] , thereby ending the last remnants of the | |
| 84126872 | 0 | on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo | and metohija | ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] and | ||
| 85057086 | 8 | socialist republic of [[ serbia ]] , with capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . socialist autonomous province of [[ kosovo ]] | and metohija | , with capital in [[ pristina | priština ]] < br / > 5b . socialist autonomous province of [[ vojvodina ]] , with capital in [[ novi sad ]] # | ||
| 12 | and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] | - metohija | form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro | |||
| 85058507 | 0 | in [[ novi sad ]] # socialist republic of [[ slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo | - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , | as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - | ||
| 1 | ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro | , | were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on | |||
| 87847188 | 41 | as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 | ]] | and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after | ||
| 65 | the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 | ]] | , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican | |||
| 94134661 | 2 | montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ kosovo ]] ( in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ; [[ kosova ]] | ' ' | in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ un ]] from [[ 1999 | ||
| 94995394 | 17 | }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | [[ brčko district ]] }} {{ legend | # c00000 | [[ kosovo ]] }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | [[ montenegro ]] | . | }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered | ||
| 102669832 | 11 | militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia and herzegovina | ]] | as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ | ||
| 104943082 | 0 | weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = | {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} | at 5 : 15 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , | ||
| 106967063 | 1 | the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and | metohija | mesohapy | ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] and officially abolished the name | |
| 106967294 | 1 | the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvagina ]] and [[ kosovo and | mesohapy | metohija | ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] and officially abolished the name | |
| 107220473 | 51 | slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] | was reduced | , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes | ||
| 107899114 | 20 | ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and | herzegovina | hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević | ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia | |
| 21 | and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | ) | , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and | |||
| 107938591 | 33 | below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro | . | ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republics | ||
| 109408110 | 0 | on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo | and metohija | ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] and officially abolished the name | ||
| 120842090 | 0 | on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo | and metohija | ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] and officially abolished the name | ||
| 131419480 | 14 | increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and even vojvodina and kosovo | , provinces in serbia | . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians | ||
| 150932203 | 52 | ]] , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina | , slavonia , [[ bačka | ]] and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared a carve - up of croat lands between serbia and italy . there were also quarrels about the designation | ||
| 157503671 | 0 | republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . = = = changes in yugoslavian religious demographics = = = yugoslavia | is | has always been a | home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war | |
| 157504208 | 1 | republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . = = = changes in yugoslavian religious demographics = = = yugoslavia | ]] | has always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , | ||
| 158242560 | 7 | [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina | ]] | ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = | ||
| 160502277 | 13 | | fascist ]] militia known as the ustaše that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina | ]] | as well as part of serbia and slovenia , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy . during this time the independent state of | ||
| 167814756 | 0 | , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = | {{ disputed }} | [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | ||
| 168734899 | 13 | formation of fry ( see below ) * [[ november ]] , [[ 1995 ]] , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * | [[ | 1996 ]] - [[ 1999 ]] clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 | ||
| 171547692 | 0 | , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = | {{ disputed }} | [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | ||
| 181635813 | 0 | organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = | [[ image : liberationofbelgrademedal . jpg | 110px | left | thumb | c70 , 000 soviet and allied personnel were awarded the medal for the liberation of belgrade from 21st june 1961 . ]] | the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] | ||
| 182549738 | 0 | | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia | and herzegovina | bosnia | ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia ]] and established the basis for post | ||
| 188741805 | 1 | on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo | and metohija | ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially abolished the | ||
| 192077462 | 1 | altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] - metohija | ]] | form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) | ||
| 4 | bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo | ]] | - metohija form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro | |||
| 192455066 | 0 | montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in addition , on 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] | unilaterally | declared its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 | ||
| 194662030 | 0 | ]] on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the province of [[ vojvodina ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . | also see www . ineedalife . com . | the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ | ||
| 194690797 | 0 | ]] on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the province of [[ vojvodina ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . | also see www . ineedalife . com . | the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ | ||
| 195594690 | 0 | ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] | unilaterally | declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted | ||
| 196322761 | 0 | several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and | [[ kosovo ]] ) | . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , | ||
| 196685860 | 0 | several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and | [[ kosovo ]] ) | . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , | ||
| 198660079 | 0 | with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | and [[ kosovo ]] | ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages | ||
| 199795294 | 1 | states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo | ]] ( | until full recgnition of the world and respect of international law . i ' m sorry , but i can make a " | pending full international recognition ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the | |
| 199795480 | 1 | new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] no kosovo | until full recgnition of the world and respect of international law . i ' m sorry , but i can make a " | ]] ( | pending full recognition " claim of quebec canada . not legal until full recognition . * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ | |
| 200415981 | 0 | , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia | * [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] | * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] | ||
| 200573250 | 2 | herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] | formerly an autonomous province of serbia | is also partially recognized as a new country . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & | ||
| 3 | ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] is | also | a | partially recognized as a new country . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; | ||
| 200599214 | 4 | herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] | , | formerly an autonomous province of serbia is a partially recognized state after it also declared its independence in 2008 but was not a socialist republic of the former yugoslavia , it | ||
| 206808719 | 17 | south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ macedonia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] | , formerly an autonomous province of serbia | ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] | , is a partially recognized state which declared its highly disputed independence in 2008 . it was not a socialist republic of yugoslavia ; it had the status of a socialist | |
| 28 | , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro and serbia | ]] | respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act not | |||
| 30 | 5 ]] [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo | | kosovo ]] | unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act not recognized by [[ serbia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia | |||
| 210766692 | 0 | = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo | | kosovo ( | republic of kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] the first former | ||
| 210766951 | 4 | = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo | | kosovo ( | republic of kosovo ) ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] the first | ||
| 214707204 | 2 | increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . | [[ macedonia ]] was a part of serbia in the past but broke away . . . legally . kosovo broke away illegaly . serbia was having a hard time deciding because serbians say " kosovo je srbija / kosovo is serbia " while the albanians say " happy independence day " ! thus , as a result every country in the world decided if it should be independent or not . america voted independence ! then , it became a independent country because every country thought that america would attack in some way . . . except for [[ russia ]] which voted kosovo is serbia ' s ! serbia and russia have always been close friends ( look - up [[ serbian - russian relations ]] ) ! kosovo je srbija / kosovo is ( rightfully and lawfully ) serbia ' s ! | as a result of these events , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and | ||
| 214793779 | 4 | increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . | [[ macedonia ]] was a part of serbia in the past but broke away . . . legally . kosovo broke away illegaly . serbia was having a hard time deciding because serbians say " kosovo je srbija / kosovo is serbia " while the albanians say " happy independence day " ! thus , as a result every country in the world decided if it should be independent or not . america voted independence ! then , it became a independent country because every country thought that america would attack in some way . . . except for [[ russia ]] which voted kosovo is serbia ' s ! serbia and russia have always been close friends ( look - up [[ serbian - russian relations ]] ) ! kosovo je srbija / kosovo is ( rightfully and lawfully ) serbia ' s ! | as a result of these events , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and | ||
| 218898848 | 0 | the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina | lead | led | to a war that lasted more than 3 years ( see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions | |
| 225041205 | 5 | [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences , the last indepedent state from " yugoslavia " and " state uninon of serbia and montenegro " is kosovo | ]] | on [[ 17 february ]] [[ 2008 ]] . thereby ending the last remnants of a yugoslav state . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | ||
| 225187871 | 2 | and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] | respectively | declared their independences , thereby ending the last remnants of a yugoslav state . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} | ||
| 231803887 | 22 | kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr macedonia ]] | ) | . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . the | ||
| 41 | ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , it was renamed to the " [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] | " | , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ | |||
| 231810520 | 3 | yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina | ]] | image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : | ||
| 231949234 | 0 | [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ sap kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr slovenia ]] | ) | . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . the | ||
| 232996003 | 0 | = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( | only some nations recognize it | status | as an independent country , and the un has not done so ) * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ | |
| 241098556 | 3 | [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] and metohija , with the capital in [[ priština ]] | < br / > 5b | . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana | ||
| 241485481 | 2 | # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . # [[ socialist republic of kosovo ]] , with the capital in [[ priština ]] | < br / > 5b | . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as | ||
| 244325833 | 99 | herzegovina and croatia * [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * | [[ | march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived | ||
| 105 | june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * | [[ | february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia | |||
| 247935764 | 16 | and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = sfr yugoslavia = = | < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > image : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > | | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution | ||
| 24 | = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] | , | new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and | |||
| 40 | svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] | < / center > < / gallery > | = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of | |||
| 52 | = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] | ( | status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ republic of macedonia | | |||
| 59 | svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] | image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ slovenia ]] image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | |||
| 250961887 | 0 | * [[ serbia ]] * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * ( [[ kosovo ]] | , | ( | status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) the first former yugoslav republic to | |
| 251599396 | 5 | [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | ||
| 257731379 | 4 | 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * | june 14 , 1996 , the | [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june | ||
| 257767654 | 1 | of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : * [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | , with | | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ image : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ image : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 2 . [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : sr croatia coa . png | 40px ]] < center > | - | 3 . [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of | the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , | |
| 10 | socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] | ( now podgorica ) ; * | < / center > | < center > [[ image : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5 . | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | ||
| 262867590 | 0 | ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo | | kosovo * | ]] ( disputed , not recognized by all nations . ) | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > | ||
| 3 | < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | ( | disputed , not recognized by all nations . ) | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ file | |||
| 269117592 | 1 | . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } * kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] | < / nowiki > | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | ||
| 269117639 | 1 | 40px ]] < / center > | } < nowiki > * kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] | < / nowiki > | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | ||
| 269117675 | 0 | center > | } < nowiki > * < / nowiki > kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] | < br > | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | ||
| 272044679 | 0 | center > | } < nowiki > * < / nowiki > kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] | < br > | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | ||
| 273507808 | 0 | see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina | how was a terorist | and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of the yugoslav republic of macedonia was peaceful . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads | ||
| 273507884 | 0 | see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina | how was a terorist | and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of the yugoslav republic of macedonia was peaceful . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads | ||
| 277179984 | 0 | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = | the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia | croatian banovina ]] ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been | repelled . < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ | ||
| 277182711 | 0 | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = | the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia | croatian banovina ]] ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been | repelled . < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ | ||
| 277852154 | 0 | * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] | , and punch was served in an attempt to make everyone better friends | * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independence * | ||
| 277856377 | 0 | * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] | , and punch was served in an attempt to make everyone better friends | * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independence * | ||
| 284695040 | 13 | , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo and metohija ]] | , later simply [[ sap kosovo ]] | and socialist autonomous provinces | ) and [[ sr slovenia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the republic | |
| 18 | ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] | . | . on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on | |||
| 37 | vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina | , | and montenegro , were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a | |||
| 39 | altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo - metohija ]] | form | formed | a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and | ||
| 40 | local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo - metohija ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] | but those provinces also formed part of the federation , which led to the unique situattion that [[ central serbia ]] did not have its own assembly but a joint assembly with its provinces represented in it | . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism | |||
| 56 | fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro | announced | constituted | * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independence * february 17 , 2008 , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from | ||
| 79 | - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | | bosnia | ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post | |||
| 80 | bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | | bosnia | ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the | |||
| 288099504 | 1 | center > | } < nowiki > * < / nowiki > kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] | . | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | ||
| 296535330 | 0 | after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav | war | wars | ]] = = references = = , from 1945 to [[ 1946 ]] , * * ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' - article on the republic , 1963 to 1991 . * [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1991 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1991 to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' ' , from 2003 onward . the rest of this article speaks about federal republic of yugoslavia . - - - - | < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > the ' ' ' federal republic |
| 1298298 | 22 | 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1963 to [[ 1992 ]] * federal republic of yugoslavia , from 1992 to [[ 2003 | ]] , * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , from 2003 onward . see [[ history of yugoslavia ]] for relation among the three . the rest of this article speaks about federal republic of yugoslavia . - - - - | < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > the ' ' ' federal republic | ||
| 1308223 | 1 | there were large ethnic minorities within the various countries ( serbian regions in croatia and bosnia , [[ croatia | croatian ]] in bosnia , [[ albanians ]] in serbia and | the republic of macedonia , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] in serbia ) , this was used as the cause for some bloody wars ( [[ history of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ history of croatia | croatia ]] , [[ history of bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) , through which serbian nationalists tried to maintain the control over the whole of [[ former yugoslavia ]] . | |||
| 1377841 | 0 | & euml ; ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png | | flag of the federal republic of yugoslavia | ]] < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is term casually used for three separate political entities . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] | ||
| 1378823 | 1 | slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . < div style = " float : right " | > < center | > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png | flag of the federal republic of yugoslavia ]] < / div > as a result a federation named ' | ||
| 3 | ]] separated . < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png | flag of the federal republic of yugoslavia | ]] | < / center > | < / div > as a result a federation named ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and | ||
| 1492141 | 0 | # 12473 ; & # 12521 ; & # 12499 ; & # 12450 ; ]] [[ nl : joegoslavi & euml ; ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] | [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] | < div style = " float : right ; margin - left : 1em " > < center > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < | ||
| 1506361 | 0 | 12521 ; & # 12499 ; & # 12450 ; ]] [[ nl : joegoslavi & euml ; ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] | [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] | < div style = " float : right ; margin - left : 1em " > < center > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < | ||
| 68529712 | 0 | right | thumb | 225px | an animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia | an animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia | ; the different colors represent the areas of control | < br > key : < br > {{ legend | # fe0000 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , federal republic of yugoslavia , serbia and montenegro , serbia }} | ||
| 93919711 | 3 | ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the population of kosovo in the | 1980 ' s | 1980s | , < ref > [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy ]] < / ref > ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ | |
| 94995394 | 7 | of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia | an animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia ; the different colors represent the areas of control | . | < br > key : < br > {{ legend | # fe0000 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , federal republic of yugoslavia , serbia and montenegro , serbia }} | ||
| 104541133 | 0 | albanians in the province . at 77 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980s , < ref > [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | | population of kosovo in the 1980s | ]] < / ref > ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to the ever | ||
| 160655114 | 0 | serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma ]] the enemies of the state , in what was to become the begginning of the [[ genocide | jasenovac concetration camp | | genocide | ]] < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] < ref > http | ||
| 165059733 | 0 | research has determined those figures to be pure conjecture and that the real numbers amounted to c . 45000 to 50000 in total - of all nationalities from former yugoslavia . | [[ jews ]] | , < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jewishvirtuallibrary . org / | ||
| 165061331 | 0 | declaring [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma ]] the enemies of the state , in what was to become the beginning of the [[ jasenovac concentration camp | | genocide ]] | modelled on similar institutions elsewhere ] | < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] < ref > http : | |
| 165061529 | 1 | modelled on similar institutions elsewhere ] < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . [[ jasenovac concentration camp | ]] | < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / < / ref > was established . immediate post - war propaganda | ||
| 165062781 | 6 | , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma ]] the enemies of the state , in what was to become the beginning of the [[ jasenovac concentration camp modelled on similar institutions | elsewhere ] | < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . jasenovac concentration camp < ref > http : / / | ||
| 165278732 | 0 | to 70000 in total ( bespuća povijesne zbiljnosti ( 1989 . ) ( izvorno izvješće zemaljske komisije hrvatske ( 1946 . ) ) - of all nationalities from former yugoslavia . | , | < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jewishvirtuallibrary . org / jsource | ||
| 165576243 | 1 | declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ shut u < gallery > image : example . jpg | | caption1 image : example . jpg | creation of yugoslavia }} ideas for a single state for all [[ south slavs | | caption2 < / gallery > = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = | |
| 184062418 | 10 | : / / www . jasenovac . org / < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jewishvirtuallibrary . org / jsource / holocaust / jasenovac | . html | # victim _ counts | < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . vrisak . info / index . php ? option = com _ content & task = view & | |
| 13 | gypsies and jews , one of them being [[ jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . | members of various yugoslav nationalities were recruited into the [[ ss ]] . bosnian muslims were also recruited by germany . the germans proposed that the bosnians dislike of christians would make them into useful allies . however , little advantage came of it . < ref > the ss , hitler ' s instrument of terror . gordon williamson < / ref > . by the end of the april 1941 , [[ independent state of croatia ]] has been created , as a chief [[ nazi ]] satellite in the region . it has acquired [[ fascist ]] racial policy , declaring [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ romani people ]] the enemies of the state . consequently , concentration camps such as jasenovac modelled on similar institutions in occupied europe where established | . < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . < ref > http : / / www . | |||
| 195089858 | 1 | . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 195135413 | 1 | . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 199227355 | 2 | . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 199793330 | 2 | | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo | ( pending full international recognition ) | is legal thus far . the " territory " not province of kosovo was not legally separated from serbia . any flag , or rcognition thus far is a lie . | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | |
| 199794389 | 0 | is legal thus far . the " territory " not province of kosovo was not legally separated from serbia . any flag , or rcognition thus far is a lie . | look up territory and you will see kosovo fit that description . only republic ' s of the former yugoslavia were the equivalent to provinces . if one declares kosovo a province , one might s well declare that toronto is a province , london england is a province as well . kosovo is not only currently illegal , but it is not , nor was it ever an " autonomous province " . it was an " autonomous territory " . look up nunavut , northwest territoris and the yukon in canada and you will see those chunk of lands are not provinces either , but " territories " . dispute me all you want , i can back my claims if need be by what a province or a territory are . if kosovo is a provnce , than why is kosovo on foeign aid ? ? why is serbia still paying its foreign debt ? why is it not stable and on its own ? kosovo as of the momment is a u . s . , nato and eu military colony . its not an idenependant country , its a u . s . military colony . search " fort bondsteel " , that type of military occupation suggests " colonialism " . i can make more than these claims or examples as to why kosovo never was a province of serbia , but a territory and why it is not legal . | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 199794579 | 3 | or bullying by european countries like germany , france , britain or the u . s . do not speak for the entire planet about kosovo . no map of kosovo | is legal thus far . the " territory " not province of kosovo was not legally separated from serbia . any flag , or rcognition thus far is a lie . look up territory and you will see kosovo fit that description . only republic ' s of the former yugoslavia were the equivalent to provinces . if one declares kosovo a province , one might s well declare that toronto is a province , london england is a province as well . kosovo is not only currently illegal , but it is not , nor was it ever an " autonomous province " . it was an " autonomous territory " . look up nunavut , northwest territoris and the yukon in canada and you will see those chunk of lands are not provinces either , but " territories " . dispute me all you want , i can back my claims if need be by what a province or a territory are . if kosovo is a provnce , than why is kosovo on foeign aid ? ? why is serbia still paying its foreign debt ? why is it not stable and on its own ? kosovo as of the momment is a u . s . , nato and eu military colony . its not an idenependant country , its a u . s . military colony . search " fort bondsteel " , that type of military occupation suggests " colonialism " . i can make more than these claims or examples as to why kosovo never was a province of serbia , but a territory and why it is not legal . | ( pending full international recognition ) | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | |
| 199794926 | 2 | montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . | svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) | must i declare that i am a billionaire , when i don ' t even have a penny ? | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | |
| 199795049 | 4 | montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia pending full recognition is not full recognition . | must i declare that i am a billionaire , when i don ' t even have a penny ? | svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | |
| 199795294 | 6 | of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition | ) | " claim of quebec canada . not legal until full recognition . | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | |
| 7 | : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full | international | recognition ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left | |||
| 199795480 | 6 | svg | slovenia no kosovo until full recgnition of the world and respect of international law . i ' m sorry , but i can make a " pending full recognition | " claim of quebec canada . not legal until full recognition . | ) | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | |
| 199795956 | 0 | serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) | play hard ball , but this flag is still illegal under interntional law . | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 199796056 | 1 | montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) | play hard ball , but this flag is still illegal under interntional law . | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 199796548 | 0 | serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) | : flag and " nation currently illegal " , or as legal as quebec , scotland , republika srpska , skadar , epirus , marseilles , and the former confederate states of the u . s . you decide , but until the world agrees , the world map and the flag is wrong . its called " international law " respect it , or enjoy anarchy and bloodshed . | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 199796772 | 1 | of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) | : flag and " nation currently illegal " , or as legal as quebec , scotland , republika srpska , skadar , epirus , marseilles , and the former confederate states of the u . s . you decide , but until the world agrees , the world map and the flag is wrong . its called " international law " respect it , or enjoy anarchy and bloodshed . | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 201577676 | 1 | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( | pending full international recognition | final status unresolved | ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many | |
| 206594988 | 2 | | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo | ( final status unresolved ) | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 206597640 | 1 | flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo | ( final status unresolved ) | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 207049255 | 0 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( final status unresolved ) | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 208347767 | 0 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 208618283 | 0 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 208650124 | 0 | yugoslav republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 209900309 | 0 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 210295199 | 5 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | vojvodina . svg | vojvodina | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 210316137 | 8 | image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of | vojvodina . svg | vojvodina | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 210766272 | 5 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | vojvodina . svg | vojvodina | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 210766615 | 3 | with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized | states | countries | " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia | |
| 210766951 | 3 | montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of vojvodina . svg | | autonomous province of | vojvodina < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many | ||
| 212538511 | 0 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 212988163 | 0 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 219310164 | 0 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 220402390 | 1 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 220845826 | 1 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 221230438 | 0 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 221231653 | 2 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 221674887 | 1 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 221776536 | 1 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 222916522 | 0 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 229233457 | 0 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 231799661 | 0 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 231801557 | 1 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 231810520 | 12 | svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | | [[ | slovenia < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many | ||
| 13 | | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | ]] | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | |||
| 247935764 | 39 | of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | | < center > | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | ||
| 254442728 | 2 | _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | | macedonia | fyrom | ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | | |
| 254443080 | 2 | _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | | macedonia | fyrom | ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | | |
| 257716886 | 2 | of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of kosovo . svg | < center > ' ' [[ kosovo ]] | ' ' < br > ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) | < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro | ||
| 257769716 | 5 | them ) . < center > < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | | | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > | ||
| 12 | > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / | |||
| 18 | ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / | |||
| 24 | > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : | |||
| 31 | ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / | |||
| 38 | ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / gallery > < / center > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the | |||
| 46 | is encircled with them ) . < center > < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina | . svg | | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > | |||
| 50 | perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia | . svg | | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / | |||
| 51 | > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | | < center > | [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : | |||
| 53 | bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia | . svg | | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / | |||
| 55 | of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | | macedonia | ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | | |||
| 57 | < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro | . svg | | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : | |||
| 58 | > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | | < center > | [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . | |||
| 60 | macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia | . svg | | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / | |||
| 61 | ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | | < center > | [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / gallery > < / | |||
| 63 | > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia | . svg | | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / gallery > < / center > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the | |||
| 64 | ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | | < center > | [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / gallery > < / center > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages | |||
| 259240376 | 1 | of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ | belgrade ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | belgra | | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " | |
| 264203361 | 0 | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo | kosovo * ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | , also spelled [[ priština ]] . | | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of | ||
| 267918002 | 0 | < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] * | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] , also spelled [[ priština ]] . | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of | |
| 284695040 | 27 | [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . one such camp was the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . a large number of men , women and | children , jews , serbs , and croat resistance members , were murdered in these camps | satellite | . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' | |
| 64 | croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] * | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina | | priština | ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ | |||
| 291413318 | 0 | < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms | |
| 295242932 | 3 | . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | ' ' | | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms | ||
| 295388268 | 5 | . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | | | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | ||
| 10 | croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | | | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | |||
| 15 | . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | | | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | |||
| 20 | . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | | | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | |||
| 295402396 | 6 | of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > - [[ croatia ]] style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | | | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia | ||
| 11 | of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > - [[ macedonia ]] style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | | | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the | |||
| 16 | republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > - [[ montenegro ]] style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | | | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro | |||
| 21 | arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > - [[ serbia ]] style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | | | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia | |||
| 302398403 | 4 | croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | ' ' | | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms | ||
| 304658396 | 1 | svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] | ' ' | | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms | ||
| 308449649 | 0 | of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ | ljubljana | maribor | ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of | |
| 308449803 | 0 | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 6 . [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ | ljubljana | maribor | ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr | |
| 308466654 | 0 | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 6 . [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ | maribor | ljubljana | ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr | |
| 1 | of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ | maribor | ljubljana | ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of | ||
| 309568874 | 0 | of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ | ljubljana | maribor | ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of | |
| 309607518 | 0 | of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ | maribor | ljubljana | ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of | |
| 316222673 | 0 | croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < \ / center > | | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | |
| 318046156 | 32 | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] | | style = " font - size | : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | ||
| 38 | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | | 70px | border | ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 6 . [[ socialist | |||
| 41 | ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] | ' ' ' | < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo | |||
| 318928845 | 0 | or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = | yugoslavia was at its strongest while tito was in full control . | < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | | ||
| 318928862 | 0 | or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = | yugoslavia was at its strongest while tito was in full control . | < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | | ||
| 323188742 | 3 | ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] | ' ' | | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms | ||
| 323188905 | 3 | croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | ' ' | | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms | ||
| 332320748 | 0 | yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia | - is gay | = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of | ||
| 332321220 | 0 | yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia | - is gay | = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of | ||
| 335423901 | 0 | - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > . montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 | , although it has yet to be accepted . | < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] < / ref > . the remaining three republics have | ||
| 340418892 | 2 | ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < ref name = " kosovo " / > | | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms | ||
| 340419473 | 0 | " > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < ref name = | | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms | ||
| 343725873 | 5 | < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms | ||
| 353296627 | 2 | the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on | axis supplies | this look up operation halyard | . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < | |
| 353307820 | 2 | number of german reprisals . the partisains attacked the nazis but were dumb enough to forget about reprisals which resulted into more lives lost . if you want more info on | this look up operation halyard | axis supplies | . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < | |
| 375032646 | 6 | center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro | ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica | ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of | ||
| 378359503 | 1 | 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] | . | < / ref > . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of | ||
| 400599300 | 29 | = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | | flag | ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | | ||
| 39 | = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | | flag | ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | | |||
| 404799827 | 1 | [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] who after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation . ) | bbc . co . uk / 2 / hi / special _ report / 1998 / kosovo / 110492 . stm | title = history , bloody history | publisher = [[ bbc news ]] | date = march 24 , 1999 | accessdate = december 29 , 2010 }} < / ref > | ) < ref > {{ cite book | last = huntington | first = samuel p . | title = [[ the clash of civilizations | the clash of civilizations and | ||
| 404877640 | 2 | 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the | hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . | [[ european union ]] | < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] . < / ref > the remaining three republics have | |
| 438819032 | 1 | - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > montenegro is [[ accession of montenegro to the european union | official candidate ]] for membership in the [[ european union | ]] | . | < ref > [ http : / / www . pobjeda . me / citanje . php ? datum = 2010 - 12 - 17 & id = 197069 crna gora | |
| 439457771 | 8 | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ | pristina | ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | | ||
| 441313646 | 70 | , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs ]] but included 37 , 000 [[ jews | ]] | . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % | ||
| 82 | ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital | city | capital ]] | ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' | |||
| 150 | ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital | city | capital ]] | ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and | |||
| 466554200 | 1 | " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital | city | capital ]] | ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and | ||
| 2 | > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' | < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo | |||
| 11 | " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro | ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica | ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller | |||
| 467914600 | 16 | center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro | ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica | ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of | ||
| 468701811 | 28 | the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in 2004 , | and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > montenegro is an [[ accession of montenegro to the european union | official candidate ]] for membership in the european union . < ref > [ http : / / www . pobjeda . me / citanje . php ? datum = 2010 - 12 - 17 & id = 197069 crna gora od danas kandidat ] . < / ref > the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of the eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . its independence is [[ international recognition of kosovo | recognised ]] by {{ numrec | kos | | un member states }} and the [[ republic of china ]] ( taiwan ) . on 8 october 2008 , upon request of serbia , the [[ united nations general assembly | un general assembly ]] adopted a resolution asking the [[ international court of justice ]] for an [[ icj advisory opinion on the legality of kosovo ' s independence | advisory opinion ]] on the issue of kosovo ' s [[ declaration of independence ]] . < ref > {{ cite news | url = http : / / www . reuters . com / article / worldnews / idustre49780c20081008 | title = u . n . backs serbia in judicial move on kosovo & # 124 ; international | agency = reuters | date = 8 october 2008 | accessdate = 20 july 2009 }} < / ref > on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s independence was not illegal | as well as culture and influence | . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . bbc . co . uk / news / world - europe - 10730573 | title | |
| 38 | . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name | ]] | ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' | |||
| 40 | ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag | ]] | ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of bosnia | |||
| 41 | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | | border | ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center | |||
| 56 | states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name | ]] | ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < | |||
| 58 | ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital | city | capital ]] | ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' | |||
| 60 | ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag | ]] | ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ | |||
| 62 | ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | | border | ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | |||
| 469728921 | 1 | ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px | | border | ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | | ||
| 2 | - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the republic of macedonia 1992 - 1995 . svg | 70px | | border | ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia 1991 - 2009 . svg | 40px ]] < / center | |||
| 469729911 | 0 | " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px | | border | ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < | ||
| 1 | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | | border | ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center | |||
| 478217075 | 19 | in 2000 , the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on november | 2 , | 2000 . < ref > {{ cite web | title = fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / | ||
| 492376913 | 2 | ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | | priština | ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of | ||
| 3 | file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | | : | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | |||
| 10 | kosovo ]] ( disputed ) < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ | pristina | ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of | |||
| 11 | ( disputed ) < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | | | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | |||
| 12 | ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | | 70px | border | ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic | |||
| 14 | file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | | 40px | ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | |||
| 492545273 | 2 | < / center > | - | 2 | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | | style = " width : 6em ; " | | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | ||
| 8 | < / center > | - | 4 | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | , now [[ podgorica ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | ||
| 10 | province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | | | style = " width : 6em ; " | | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | | |||
| 492692066 | 1 | svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | | style = " width : 6em ; " | | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | ||
| 4 | ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | | style = " width : 6em ; " | | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | |||
| 7 | svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | | style = " width : 6em ; " | | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | |||
| 10 | > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] | | style = " width : 6em ; " | | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > : < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . | |||
| 11 | [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > : < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 40px | | border | ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > : < center > [[ | |||
| 493757717 | 1 | . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . | png | svg | | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < | |
| 496001877 | 0 | the present day physical areas which formed yugoslavia , as well as culture and influence . {{ clarify | reason = what sort of influence ? what of / from ? | | date = june 2012 | }} < ref > {{ cite web | title = former yugoslavia patches itself together : entering the yugosphere | work = the economist | date = 20 august 2009 | | ||
| 496003280 | 6 | { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' name ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital | city | capital ]] | ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' flag ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' | ||
| 8 | ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' flag | ]] | ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' emblem ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | |||
| 16 | ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px | | border | ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | | |||
| 17 | < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | | style = " width : 6em ; " | | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < | |||
| 21 | | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | | style = " width : 6em ; " | | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < | |||
| 24 | < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | | style = " width : 6em ; " | | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < | |||
| 499509992 | 2 | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | | - | [[ serbia ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat | ||
| 500174054 | 4 | > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms | ||
| 507481081 | 1 | : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * roberts , walter r | | walter r roberts | . ]] | : < http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / walter _ r _ roberts > " tito , mihailovic , and the allies : 1941 – | |
| 542254308 | 1 | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | | - | [[ serbia ]] | | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat | ||
| 542257478 | 1 | " . < ref name = " serbia and montenegro " / > ) in april 2001 , the five successor states drafted and then signed an agreement on succession issues | in june 2001 | , signing the agreement three months later | . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . dipublico . com . ar / english / yugoslav - agreement - on - succession | |
| 542257709 | 0 | = " serbia and montenegro " / > ) in april 2001 , the five successor states extant at the time drafted an agreement on succession issues , signing the agreement | three months later | in june 2001 | . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . dipublico . com . ar / english / yugoslav - agreement - on - succession | |
| 542265570 | 1 | successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] | ' ' ' | < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' | ||
| 3 | > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] | ' ' ' | < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of | |||
| 5 | ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] | ' ' ' | < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' declared | |||
| 7 | > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] | ' ' ' | < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' declared date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' official state | |||
| 9 | ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' declared date of independence | ' ' ' | < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' official state - recognized date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' | |||
| 11 | < center > ' ' ' declared date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' official state - recognized date of independence | ' ' ' | < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' which date of independence is celebrated as a public holiday ? ' ' ' < center > | - | | |||
| 13 | state - recognized date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' which date of independence is celebrated as a public holiday ? | ' ' ' | < center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : | |||
| 544374238 | 1 | herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px | | border | ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | | ||
| 547327217 | 4 | part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " sortable wikitable " | ' ' ' | < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | 1 | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " | ||
| 16 | serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | | the socialist republic of croatia | | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 6 | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | |||
| 23 | }} the successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! < center > [[ list of countries | name ]] | ! | < center > [[ capital city | capital ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ flag ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ coat of | |||
| 38 | < / center > | - | 2 | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | | style = " width : 6em ; " | | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | |||
| 46 | - | 4 | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] , now [[ podgorica ]] | | style = " width : 6em ; " | | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | |||
| 49 | autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | | style = " width : 6em ; " | | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | | |||
| 53 | serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | | 60px | ]] < / center > | - | 6 | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana | |||
| 555747797 | 2 | }} the successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! < center > [[ list of countries | name ]] | < center > | ! ! < center > [[ capital city | capital ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ flag ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ | ||
| 4 | class = " sortable wikitable " ! < center > [[ list of countries | name ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ capital city | capital ]] | < center > | ! ! < center > [[ flag ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ coat of arms ]] < center > ! ! < center > declared date | |||
| 8 | > [[ capital city | capital ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ flag ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ coat of arms ]] | < center > | ! ! < center > declared date of independence < center > ! ! < center > official state - recognized date of independence < center > ! ! < center | |||
| 10 | < center > [[ flag ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ coat of arms ]] < center > ! ! < center > declared date of independence | < center > | ! ! < center > official state - recognized date of independence < center > ! ! < center > which date of independence is celebrated as a public holiday ? | |||
| 12 | coat of arms ]] < center > ! ! < center > declared date of independence < center > ! ! < center > official state - recognized date of independence | < center > | ! ! < center > which date of independence is celebrated as a public holiday ? < center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]] | |||
| 567916113 | 1 | 2000 , the fry rescinded those aspirations , accepting the opinion of the [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on november | 2 , | 2000 . < ref name = " ebrd country promotion programme " > {{ cite web | title = fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http : / / | ||
| 578690791 | 13 | ( which had annexed the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] on 13 november ) . the conference of ambassadors in paris gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 | . | at | < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the kingdom of yugoslavia was [[ invasion | |
| 578738507 | 0 | yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] | , the western border left a population of half a million slavs | < ref name = " spencer tucker 2005 " > ' ' ' cite error : the named reference spencer _ tucker _ 2005 was invoked but never defined ' ' | ||
| 583579699 | 1 | center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . | png | svg | | 40px ]] < / center > | } in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of | |
| 583581227 | 1 | center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . | png | svg | | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : {{ smaller | |
| 616725219 | 0 | was determined to lead an independent communist state , starting as a prime minister . he had the support of moscow and london and led by far the strongest partisan force | with 800 , 000 men | . < ref > michael lees , ' ' the rape of serbia : the british role in tito ' s grab for power , 1943 - 1944 ' ' ( | ||
| 617081328 | 4 | autonomous province of vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | kosovo ]] , which after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation | ) | . < ref > {{ cite book | last = huntington | first = samuel p . | title = [[ the clash of civilizations | the clash of civilizations and | ||
| 623264122 | 3 | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the western border left a population of half a million slavs | ]] | < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ http : / / books . google . | ||
| 702550312 | 8 | first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the original western border left a population of half a million [[ south slavs ]] | ' ' ' | < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ https : / / books . google . | ||
| 19 | the serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris | ]] | . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the country was named after the | |||
| 702589142 | 8 | of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] ' ' ' , the original western border left a population of half a million ' ' ' [[ south slavs ]] | ' ' ' | < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ https : / / books . google . | ||
| 19 | of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on [[ 13 july ]] [[ 1922 ]] at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in [[ paris | ]] | . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the country was named after the | |||
| 720125001 | 0 | croatian [[ ustaše ]] regime murdered around 500 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to [[ catholicism ]] | ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | serbians ]] but included 37 , 000 jews | . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % | ||
| 764872509 | 1 | yugoslav cities . on 17 april , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending 11 days of resistance against the invading german | army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) | forces | . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . history . com / this - day - in - history / yugoslavia - surrenders | |
| 769617323 | 0 | • }} [[ world war ii ]] {{ • }} [[ cold war ]] {{ • }} [[ yugoslav wars ]] | government _ type = [[ monarchy ]] ( 1918 | - | – | 1945 ) < br > [[ republic ]] ( 1945 - 2006 ) | | year _ start = 1918 | year _ end = 2006 | event _ start = | |
| 778027486 | 0 | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] | , now [[ podgorica ]] | | < center > [[ file : flag of the socialist republic of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file | ||
| 819821056 | 4 | anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) | – 1929 ; 1931 – 1945 | < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event | ||
| 820172102 | 0 | }} < br / > ' ' ' 1943 - 1992 ' ' ' ( unofficial ) : < br / > ' ' [[ hej , slaveni ]] ' ' | ( unofficial ) | < br / > хеј , словени < br / > {{ small | " hey , slavs " }} < br / > {{ center | [[ file : united | ||
| 2 | }} < br / > {{ center | [[ file : himna kraljevine jugoslavije . ogg ]] }} < br / > ' ' ' 1943 - 1992 ' ' ' | ( unofficial ) | : < br / > ' ' [[ hej , slaveni ]] ' ' < br / > хеј , словени < br / > {{ small | " hey , | |||
| 824490818 | 8 | symbol _ type = emblem ( 1963 – 1992 ) | symbol _ type _ article = emblem of yugoslavia | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | | image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = | longd = | longm = | longew = | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = ' ' ' 1919 – 1941 : ' ' ' < br / > ' ' [[ himna kraljevine jugoslavije ]] ' ' < br / > химна краљевине југославије < br / > {{ small | " national anthem of the kingdom of yugoslavia " }} < br / > {{ center | [[ file : himna kraljevine jugoslavije . ogg | ]] }} < br / > ' ' ' 1943 – 1992 ' ' ' : < br / > ' ' [[ hej , slaveni ]] ' ' ( unofficial | ||
| 833505917 | 0 | yugoslavia | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | | image _ flag = [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 120px | | border | ]] < br > < br > [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px ]] | flag _ type = flag | flag _ border = | | ||
| 845947297 | 0 | | national _ anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 | - | – | 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president | |
| 845969538 | 0 | | border ]] | image _ flag2 = [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( | pre | 1918 | - 1945 ) < br / > bottom : flag ( post - 1945 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms | |
| 1 | ]] | image _ flag2 = [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( pre - | 1945 | 1939 | ) < br / > bottom : flag ( post - 1945 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the | ||
| 846882529 | 0 | border ]] | image _ flag2 = [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( 1918 | - | – | 1939 ) < br / > bottom : flag ( 1945 - 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of | |
| 847129785 | 0 | | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = " [[ national anthem of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " | ( 1919 & ndash ; 1941 ) | < br / > [[ file : national anthem of the kingdom of yugoslavia . oga ]] - - - - " [[ hej , sloveni ]] " < br / | ||
| 848178886 | 0 | ]] | image _ flag2 = [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( 1918 – | 1939 | 1941 | ) < br / > bottom : flag ( 1945 – 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the |
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| 3146215 | 0 | officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ | msg : | sfry }} [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië | |
| 7912384 | 0 | the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] is discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after first yugoslavia . | { | [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ | |
| 52804037 | 0 | - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ | fact | citation needed | }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all three nations living in |
| 52942385 | 0 | - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ | citation needed | fact | }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all three nations living in |
| 78657034 | 2 | }} {{ legend | # ff0080 | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} {{ legend | # 29efef | kosovo }} {{ legend | # | f66c10 | d3ae3b | | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia |
| 87967436 | 2 | | [[ republika srpska ]] }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | [[ brčko district ]] }} {{ legend | # c00000 | kosovo }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | | [[ | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , | |
| 3 | [[ republika srpska ]] }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | [[ brčko district ]] }} {{ legend | # c00000 | kosovo }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | montenegro | ]] | }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered | ||
| 106034403 | 0 | than a hundred years before . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners {{ fact | | date = february 2007 | }} , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as | |
| 1 | the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact | | date = february 2007 | }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] | ||
| 2 | 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | | date = february 2007 | }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | ||
| 107758961 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | | with | }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years | |
| 107759680 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | | with | }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years | |
| 156524186 | 3 | certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise {{ fact | | date = september 2007 | }} . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the 1960s and 1970s , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 | |
| 166268501 | 0 | repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | | date = october 2007 | }} = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = | |
| 193980583 | 0 | yugoslav theatre tended to favor fragmentation . there were also other specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue {{ fact | | date = february 2008 | }} that the decentralized market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , | |
| 217433443 | 1 | of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] {{ section | - stub | | date = june 2008 | }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 280px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] [[ |
| 240067528 | 0 | ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] {{ fact | | date = september 2008 | }} , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in [[ english language | |
| 247790293 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | | federal republic of yugoslavia | }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years | |
| 247819977 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | | federal republic of yugoslavia | }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years | |
| 255553028 | 2 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal | republic | abomination | of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over |
| 3 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of | yugoslavia | yugoslobia | }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years | |
| 255553113 | 4 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslobia | federal abomination of yugoslobia | federal | abomination | republic | of yugoslobia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslobia . the precise borders varied over |
| 5 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslobia | federal abomination of yugoslobia | federal abomination of | yugoslobia | yugoslavia | }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslobia . the precise borders varied over the years | |
| 259630650 | 1 | the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 | {{ fact | date = december | . | 2008 }} . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . the remaining four republics have yet |
| 259635090 | 2 | to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) seconds before plunging to his death . ]] {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war | | invasion of yugoslavia | }} = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , | |
| 284700151 | 1 | declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = 2009 | - 04 - 18 | }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would | |
| 329283670 | 2 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of | yugoslavia | yugoslamania | }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years |
| 329284590 | 2 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslamania | socialist federal republic of yugoslamania | federal republic of | yugoslamania | yugoslavia | }} [[ file : locationyugoslamania2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslamania . the precise borders varied over the years |
| 338545828 | 24 | most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state union of serbia and montenegro = = see also = = * [[ history of | yugoslavia ]] {{ disambig | }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - | |
| 343388483 | 0 | ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] which were also equal members of the federation {{ citation needed | | date = february 2010 | }} ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities | |
| 347164096 | 15 | serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | | date = april 2009 | mid | }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would |
| 400599300 | 51 | : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] | . | }} in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia | |
| 492545273 | 16 | sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } ( {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] | < / center > | ]] }} ) in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria | |
| 20 | file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } ( {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ | podgorica | ]] }} ) in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria | ||
| 582995381 | 0 | tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent communist state , starting as a prime minister . {{ fact | | date = november 2013 | }} the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during world war ii is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent | |
| 600495295 | 0 | . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . the film was spiced by distorting sounds and fabricated voice of the croatian minister {{ citation needed | | date = march 2014 | }} . guns were also fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | |
| 622080554 | 0 | [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | march 1 , 1992 | april 6 , 1992 {{ fact | | date = august 2014 | }} | march 1 | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] | |
| 1 | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | june 25 , 1991 | october 8 , 1991 {{ fact | | date = august 2014 | }} | june 25 | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | | ||
| 2 | | 40px ]] < / center > | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | | date = august 2014 | }} | february 17 | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | ||
| 3 | file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | september 8 , 1991 | april 8 , 1993 {{ fact | | date = august 2014 | }} | september 8 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] | ||
| 4 | / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 21 , 2006 {{ fact | | date = august 2014 | }} | june 3 , 2006 {{ fact }} | may 21 | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | ||
| 5 | file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 21 , 2006 {{ fact }} | june 3 , 2006 {{ fact | | date = august 2014 | }} | may 21 | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] | ||
| 6 | / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 22 , 2006 {{ fact | | date = august 2014 | }} | june 5 , 2006 {{ fact }} | february 15 | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | ||
| 7 | file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 22 , 2006 {{ fact }} | june 5 , 2006 {{ fact | | date = august 2014 | }} | february 15 | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] | ||
| 622094862 | 0 | [[ slovenes | slovene ]] ethnic territory . {{ efn - lr | the [[ slovene minority in italy ( 1920 – 1947 ) ]] was subjected to forced [[ italianization | | italianisation | ]] . }} ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] | |
| 623264122 | 4 | and eastern europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] | , cutting off a quarter of [[ slovenes | slovene ]] ethnic territory . {{ efn - lr | the [[ slovene minority in italy ( 1920 – 1947 ) ]] was subjected to forced [[ italianization | italianisation ]] | . }} ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : | |
| 655812829 | 0 | the 1970s which was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports {{ citation needed | | date = april 2015 | }} . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] | |
| 656901506 | 40 | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 1 march 1992 | 6 april 1992 | {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 | }} | 1 march | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] | |
| 44 | / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | 25 june 1991 | 8 october 1991 | {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 | }} | 25 june | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] | ||
| 51 | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 8 september 1991 | 8 april 1993 | {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 | }} | 8 september | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] | ||
| 55 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 21 may 2006 | {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 | }} | 3 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 21 may | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > | ||
| 56 | coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 21 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 3 june 2006 | {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 | }} | 21 may | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] | ||
| 60 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 22 may 2006 | {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 | }} | 5 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 15 february | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > | ||
| 61 | coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 22 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 5 june 2006 | {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 | }} | 15 february | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] | ||
| 679119895 | 0 | books . google . com / books ? id = epmof1l0ibac & pg = pa28 | year = 1990 | publisher = duke university press | pages = 28 – 37 | | display - authors = etal | }} < / ref > tito criticised both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with india and other countries , started the [[ non - | |
| 818985113 | 3 | 1 . pdf | title = max planck yearbook of united nations law | chapter = participation of former yugoslav states in the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 | | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20100613083054 / http : / / www . mpil . de / shared / data / pdf / pdfmpunyb / wood _ 1 . pdf | archivedate = 13 june 2010 | df = dmy - all | }} < / ref > in 2000 , milosevic was prosecuted for atrocities committed in his ten - year rule in serbia and the yugoslavia war . < ref name = | |
| 819819549 | 0 | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = yugoslav dinar | footnotes = | footnotes2 = | today = | {{ flag | serbia }} < br / > {{ flag | croatia }} < br / > {{ flag | bosnia and herzegovina }} < br / > {{ flag | montenegro }} < br / > {{ flag | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | a | } } | footnote _ a = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} | }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | | |
| 3 | _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = yugoslav dinar | | footnotes = | footnotes2 = | | today = }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ | ||
| 820074810 | 1 | quote = similarly , the 1921 constitution declared serbocroatoslovenian as the official and national language of the kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenians . }} < / ref > | | footnote _ b = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} | }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | | |
| 820172521 | 1 | quote = similarly , the 1921 constitution declared serbocroatoslovenian as the official and national language of the kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenians . }} < / ref > | | footnote _ b = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} | }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | | |
| 820335320 | 2 | | ( 1929 – 1931 ) }} < br / > [[ federal republic | federal ]] [[ socialist state | socialist ]] [[ republic ]] {{ small | ( 1945 | - | – | 1992 ) }} | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ |
| 845906915 | 0 | " down with the red bourgeoisie ! " | issue = 1968 : memories and legacies of a global revolt | journal = bulletin of the ghi | year = 2009 | | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20131004072155 / http : / / www . ghi - dc . org / files / publications / bu _ supp / supp006 / bus6 _ 181 . pdf | archivedate = 4 october 2013 | df = dmy - all | }} < / ref > a more severe sign of disobedience was so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in zagreb organised demonstrations for |
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| 206751541 | 26 | 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbo - croatian and slovene ( latin only ) : kraljevina jugoslavija / краљевина југославија ; | [[ | macedonian ]] : кралство југославија . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . | |
| 248465338 | 0 | , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > | the yugoslavians decide to make a platoon to free the prisoners , but they too were taken hostage . the yugoslavs then confronted the hungarians , italians , and germans in ally with turkey , estonia , jordan , and quatar . the the hungarians were eliminated completely , and the italians surrendered . the germans fled , and reterned few living p . o . ws . | = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav | |
| 248476978 | 0 | , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > | the yugoslavians decide to make a platoon to free the prisoners , but they too were taken hostage . the yugoslavs then confronted the hungarians , italians , and germans in ally with turkey , estonia , jordan , and quatar . the hungarians were eliminated completely , and the italians surrendered . the germans fled , and reterned few living p . o . ws . the germans were pushed out of yugoslavia . the germans were planning to invade again , but yugoslavia was too well prepared . | = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav | |
| 248490149 | 0 | , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > | the yugoslavians decided to creat a platoon to free most taken men , but they were captured as well . eventually , yugoslavia created a revolt , along with jordan , quatar , and turkey and struck hungary troops . the hungarians requested help from the italians , and germans . the germans were pushed out of serbia so they could assist in this battle . the germans fled yugoslavia , the italians wrote a treaty with yugoslavia , and hungary was almost completely devestated , and in the next few years agreed in treaty . | = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav | |
| 248512978 | 0 | , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > | the yugoslavians decided to creat a platoon to free most taken men , but they were captured as well . eventually , yugoslavia created a revolt , along with jordan , quatar , and turkey and struck hungary troops . the hungarians requested help from the italians , and germans . the germans were pushed out of serbia so they could assist in this battle . the germans fled yugoslavia , the italians wrote a treaty with yugoslavia , and hungary was almost completely devestated , and in the next few years agreed in treaty . | = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav | |
| 254441345 | 1 | _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ | former yugoslav | republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag | |
| 254442227 | 4 | _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of former yugoslav republic of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ | former yugoslav | republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag | |
| 257716886 | 1 | center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of kosovo . svg | < center > | ' ' | [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < br > ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in | |
| 257769716 | 6 | center > < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ | sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ image : flag of | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of | |
| 19 | > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ | skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of the | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : | ||
| 45 | of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < center > < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > | image : flag | of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ | ||
| 259240376 | 3 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of serbia . | |
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| 265808955 | 0 | , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > | wow ! | = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted | |
| 265810706 | 1 | , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > | wow ! | = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted | |
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| 318928497 | 0 | il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > | yugoslavia was at its strongest when tito was in control . | = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ | |
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| 336062771 | 0 | pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center - [[ yad vashem ]] | language = english | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > | ' ' see : [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ' ' | = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces | |
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| 439457771 | 4 | % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | | ' ' | [[ kosovo ]] ' ' {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | |
| 11 | size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | - | | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . | ||
| 441313646 | 135 | = 1991 - 09 - 25 | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in | [[ | bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and | |
| 466554200 | 7 | size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | serbia and | montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | | |
| 10 | 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | | [[ | montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | | ||
| 12 | 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller | | [[ kosovo ]] }} {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | ||
| 467907565 | 3 | " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | | | [[ republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg |
| 8 | < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | | < center > [[ file : flag of | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia | ||
| 14 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ republic of | | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . | ||
| 15 | ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | ]] | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | ||
| 467914600 | 7 | " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | [[ republic of | croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | | |
| 15 | ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | [[ | montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | | ||
| 17 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ republic of | serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | | ||
| 469728921 | 4 | center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia 1991 - 2009 . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | [[ serbia and | republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . |
| 492376913 | 15 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . | |
| 492545273 | 19 | ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } ( {{ smaller | < nowiki > | * < / nowiki > now | [[ podgorica ]] }} ) in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to | |
| 496003280 | 12 | width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | [[ | | [[ serbia and | montenegro ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " |
| 499510164 | 0 | file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | former | formerly | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) }} = = = succession = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the |
| 500174054 | 7 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } | {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > formerly [[ | serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) }} = = = succession = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics | |
| 547327217 | 6 | socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : | ' ' ' | : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 2 | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - | |
| 35 | [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; | " | < center > [[ file | : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 2 | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - | ||
| 594372658 | 1 | center > | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] | february 17 | - | [[ | republic of | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > | |
| 702550312 | 58 | http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > | [[ | serbia and montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in 2008 . = = background = = | |
| 702589142 | 60 | http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > | [[ | serbia and montenegro ]] themselves broke up in [[ 2006 ]] and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in [[ 2008 ]] . | |
| 768996113 | 17 | http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > | fry was renamed to the ' ' ' state union of serbia and montenegro ' ' ' in 2003 . | serbia and montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in 2008 . = = background = = | |
| 772701137 | 21 | http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > | fry was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . | serbia and montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in 2008 . = = background = = | |
| 819802470 | 3 | www . un . org / en / member - states / | title = member states | publisher = united nations }} < / ref > | - | [[ | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] < br > < small > later renamed | serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | |
| 824490818 | 2 | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} | {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia | native _ name = ' ' jugoslavija ' ' < br / > југославија | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia {{ ! }} serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = state of slovenes , croats and serbs | flag _ p2 = flag of the state of slovenes , croats and serbs . svg | s1 = croatia | flag _ s1 = flag of croatia . svg | s2 = slovenia | flag _ s2 = flag of slovenia . svg | s3 = republic of macedonia {{ ! }} macedonia | flag _ s3 = flag of the republic of macedonia 1991 - 1995 . svg | s4 = republic of bosnia and herzegovina {{ ! }} bosnia and herzegovina | flag _ s4 = flag of bosnia and herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | | s5 = serbia and montenegro {{ ! }} federal republic of yugoslavia | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | image _ flag = flag of |
| 833181829 | 0 | : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | archivedate = 28 september 2011 | df = dmy - all }} < / ref > | in 2003 the federal republic of yugoslavia was renamed to | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in 2008 . = = background = = {{ main |
| left_string | del_string | ins_string | right_string | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15458682 | 0 | net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] | * [ http : / / www . balkan - archive . org . yu / politics / war in former yugoslavia ] ( pictures of the hidden side of the war that nobody wants to show , etc . ) | {{ commons | yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # | |||
| 15548291 | 0 | archive . org . yu / politics / war in former yugoslavia ] ( pictures of the hidden side of the war that nobody wants to show , etc . ) | * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] | {{ commons | yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # | |||
| 34136474 | 7 | boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a massive yes vote in the referendum , with a turn - out of around 64 % | . | {{ ref | malcolm }} the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the | |||
| 34241700 | 17 | srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and | croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 | 98 | % {{ ref | malcolm }} , however yes vote by 2 / 3 of the population was needed . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 | ||
| 59411371 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ unreferenced }} {{ not verified }} | {{ citations missing }} {{ cleanup - date | june 2006 }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages | |||
| 63201915 | 1 | {st@rt} | {{ citations missing }} | {{ cleanup - date | june 2006 }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' | |||
| 65110599 | 0 | yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] = = references = = | < references / > | {{ reflist }} | * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = external links = = | ||
| 176152092 | 0 | {st@rt} | - - [[ special : contributions / 24 . 128 . 145 . 93 | 24 . 128 . 145 . 93 ]] ( [[ user talk : 24 . 128 . 145 . 93 | talk ]] ) 14 : 28 , 6 december 2007 ( utc ) - - - - - - - - yugoslavia is a big fat poop face ! ! ! ! and should be taken over by the french . - - - - | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | |||
| 176171781 | 0 | {st@rt} | - - [[ special : contributions / 24 . 128 . 145 . 93 | 24 . 128 . 145 . 93 ]] ( [[ user talk : 24 . 128 . 145 . 93 | talk ]] ) 14 : 28 , 6 december 2007 ( utc ) - - - - - - - - | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | |||
| 180736112 | 0 | / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] | * [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in | |||
| 185765996 | 0 | of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | | 140px | ]] {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ | |||
| 191258641 | 0 | {st@rt} | ' ' ' hello : ) ' ' ' | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | |||
| 191262286 | 0 | {st@rt} ' | ' ' hello : ) | ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | | |||
| 191262365 | 0 | {st@rt} | ' | ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | | |||
| 193291662 | 0 | & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] | * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west went wrong " ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in | |||
| 203839515 | 0 | ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . | {{ powerful nations }} | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in | |||
| 203848584 | 0 | ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . | {{ powerful nations }} | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in | |||
| 205031513 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ pp - semi - vandalism | small = yes }} | ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | | |||
| 206780466 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ pp - semi - vandalism | small = yes }} | ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | | |||
| 206802676 | 1 | ' ' država slovenaca , hrvata i srba ' ' / држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ; {{ lang - sl | ' ' država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov | ' ' | }} | ; {{ lang - mk | кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците }} ) . the country was established on [[ 29 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . it lasted | ||
| 11 | december 1918 it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia " ( kraljevina srbija / краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( | serbo - croatian : | {{ lang | sh | kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба }} ; slovene : {{ lang | sl | kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov | ||||
| 212663303 | 0 | {st@rt} | ' ' ' | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | |||
| 214561406 | 0 | was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during the second world war | ii | = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at | |||
| 215136896 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ pp - semi - vandalism | expiry = june 2 , 2008 | small = yes }} | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | |||
| 216789147 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ pp - semi - vandalism | expiry = june 2 , 2008 | small = yes }} | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | |||
| 219529741 | 20 | . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november | [[ | 1970 ]] ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] | |||
| 21 | . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november [[ 1970 | ]] | ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category | ||||
| 222532399 | 0 | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | 140px ]] | {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} | {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s | |||
| 227312754 | 0 | {st@rt} | this is all fake | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | |||
| 227312798 | 0 | {st@rt} | this is all fake | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | |||
| 231807320 | 0 | http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = | {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} | {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] | |||
| 231807528 | 0 | in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = | resistance movements | yugoslav people ' s liberation war | = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ | ||
| 231810308 | 7 | the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the | second | = = sfr | yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and | ||
| 18 | yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | | 140px | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . | ]] {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ | |||
| 236526691 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ refimprove }} | {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | | |||
| 237537689 | 0 | . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] | * [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 making the history of 1989 : the fall of communism in eastern europe ] was created by the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / center for history and new media ] , [ http : / / gmu . edu george mason university ] , fairfax , va . this project contains primary sources and teaching resources for the history of 1989 in eastern europe , as well as documentation on the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] . | {{ yug - timeline }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : | |||
| 246067682 | 0 | stjepan " stevo " filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) seconds before plunging to his death . ]] | [[ image : dfy coat of arms . gif | the coat of arms of the [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] . ]] | {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 | |||
| 253861794 | 0 | ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . | ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) | {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ image : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | | |||
| 254038112 | 0 | {st@rt} | = = headline text = = | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . | |||
| 254039072 | 0 | {st@rt} | = = headline text = = | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . | |||
| 256387537 | 4 | | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | countries of | former | yugoslavia ]] {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces by the secessionist forces . when in | |||
| 259311852 | 0 | {st@rt} | ' ' ' ' ' bold text ' ' ' ' ' the yugoslavia area is best known for thier amazing apple juice and their amazing barbie fruit snacks . their fruits have a delectible taste . if u have read this do not believe these lies that people have posted b 4 . what i have just previously typed is nothing but the hardcore truth right now . yugoslavia ' s main religion is wiccan / satin . black dress with the tights underneath . i got the breathe of the last cigerrett on my teeth . | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . | |||
| 259311854 | 0 | {st@rt} | ' ' ' ' ' bold text ' ' ' ' ' the yugoslavia area is best known for thier amazing apple juice and their amazing barbie fruit snacks . their fruits have a delectible taste . if u have read this do not believe these lies that people have posted b 4 . what i have just previously typed is nothing but the hardcore truth right now . yugoslavia ' s main religion is wiccan / satin . black dress with the tights underneath . i got the breathe of the last cigerrett on my teeth . | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . | |||
| 259545805 | 0 | {st@rt} | lyrics to don ' t trust me : black dress with the tights underneath , i got the breath of the last cigarette on my teeth , and shes an actress ( actress ) , but she ain ' t got no need . shes got money from her parents in a trust fund back east . t - t - t - tongues always pressed to your cheeks , while my tongue is on the inside of some other girls teeth , t - tell your boyfriend if he says hes got beef , that i ' m a vegetarian and i ain ' t fucking scared of him . she wants to touch me ( woah ) , she wants to love me ( woah ) , she ' ll never leave me ( woah , woah , oh , oh ) , don ' t trust a ho , never trust a ho , won ' t trust a ho , won ' t trust me . x ' s on the back of your hands , wash them in the bathroom to drink like the bands . and your setlist ( setlist ) , you stole off the stage , had red and purple lipstick all over the page . b - b - b - bruises cover your arms , shaking in the fingers with the bottle in your palm . and the best is ( best is ) , no one knows who you are , just another girl alone at the bar . she wants to touch me ( woah ) , she wants to love me ( woah ) , she ' ll never leave me ( woah , woah , oh , oh ) , don ' t trust a ho , never trust a ho , won ' t trust a ho , won ' t trust me . shush girl shut your lips , do the hellen keller and talk with your hips . i said , shush girl shut your lips , do the hellen keller and talk with your hips . i said , shush girl shut your lips , do the hellen keller and talk with your hips . woah , woah , woah . . . she wants to touch me ( woah ) , she wants to love me ( woah ) , she ' ll never leave me ( woah , woah , oh , oh ) , don ' t trust a ho , never trust a ho , won ' t trust a ho , won ' t trust me | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . | |||
| 259545912 | 0 | {st@rt} | lyrics to don ' t trust me : black dress with the tights underneath , i got the breath of the last cigarette on my teeth , and shes an actress ( actress ) , but she ain ' t got no need . shes got money from her parents in a trust fund back east . t - t - t - tongues always pressed to your cheeks , while my tongue is on the inside of some other girls teeth , t - tell your boyfriend if he says hes got beef , that i ' m a vegetarian and i ain ' t fucking scared of him . she wants to touch me ( woah ) , she wants to love me ( woah ) , she ' ll never leave me ( woah , woah , oh , oh ) , don ' t trust a ho , never trust a ho , won ' t trust a ho , won ' t trust me . x ' s on the back of your hands , wash them in the bathroom to drink like the bands . and your setlist ( setlist ) , you stole off the stage , had red and purple lipstick all over the page . b - b - b - bruises cover your arms , shaking in the fingers with the bottle in your palm . and the best is ( best is ) , no one knows who you are , just another girl alone at the bar . she wants to touch me ( woah ) , she wants to love me ( woah ) , she ' ll never leave me ( woah , woah , oh , oh ) , don ' t trust a ho , never trust a ho , won ' t trust a ho , won ' t trust me . shush girl shut your lips , do the hellen keller and talk with your hips . i said , shush girl shut your lips , do the hellen keller and talk with your hips . i said , shush girl shut your lips , do the hellen keller and talk with your hips . woah , woah , woah . . . she wants to touch me ( woah ) , she wants to love me ( woah ) , she ' ll never leave me ( woah , woah , oh , oh ) , don ' t trust a ho , never trust a ho , won ' t trust a ho , won ' t trust me | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . | |||
| 259626124 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ pp - semi - vandalism | small = yes }} | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . | |||
| 262826619 | 0 | {st@rt} | republic of kosova - republika e kosovës - president : ibrahim rugova - indenpendent : 2008 | {{ pp - semi - vandalism | small = yes }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | |||
| 262827274 | 0 | {st@rt} | republic of kosova - republika e kosovës - president : ibrahim rugova - indenpendent : 2008 | {{ pp - semi - vandalism | small = yes }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | |||
| 265810245 | 0 | thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background | to read | = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged | |||
| 265810361 | 0 | thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background | to read | = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged | |||
| 268496944 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ pp - semi - vandalism | small = yes }} | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . | |||
| 284460519 | 0 | {st@rt} | ☻ / ▐ \ / \ this is bob copy and paste him so he can rule over wikipedia | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . | |||
| 284460772 | 0 | {st@rt} | ☻ / ▐ \ / \ this is bob copy and paste him so he can rule over wikipedia | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . | |||
| 284695040 | 50 | stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ( city ) | | split ]] , croatia , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving it through a crowd of people | the film was spiced by distorting sounds and fabricated voice of the croatian minister | . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also , guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month | ||
| 299424537 | 0 | {st@rt} | as of june 29th , 2009 , yugoslavia reformed as a country on the whim of several ultimate frisbee players . | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . | |||
| 299425096 | 0 | {st@rt} | as of june 29th , 2009 , yugoslavia reformed as a country on the whim of several ultimate frisbee players . | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . | |||
| 308336766 | 0 | {st@rt} | ebra | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . | |||
| 308351192 | 0 | {st@rt} | ebra | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . | |||
| 309709295 | 0 | {st@rt} | this is all a lie ! ! ! | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . | |||
| 309709300 | 0 | {st@rt} | this is all a lie ! ! ! | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . | |||
| 337496257 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ mergeto | sfr yugoslavia | kingdom of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro }} | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . | |||
| 340418892 | 1 | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref | name = " kosovo " | > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | | |||
| 347164096 | 13 | and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . | ]] | {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed | |||
| 25 | , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence | , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia | . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] | ||||
| 347244560 | 2 | = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = references = = | {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia | ||||
| 355368422 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . | |||
| 366081058 | 0 | map of yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces . ]] [[ file : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] . ]] | [[ file : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] congress . ]] | {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} on november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of | |||
| 378359503 | 0 | including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] who after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation | . | {{ citation needed | date = february 2010 }} ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of | |||
| 378359693 | 0 | the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] who after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation . | ) | {{ citation needed | date = february 2010 }} ) starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most | |||
| 387354520 | 5 | references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = = | notes | " right " valign | = = = {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university | ||
| 6 | = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = = notes = | = = | " top " | a . | {{ note | status }} {{ kosovo - note }} | } ' ' ' references : ' ' ' | {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 | |||
| 391770943 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} | {{ pp - move - indef }} | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . | |||
| 398824624 | 0 | including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] who after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation | < ref > {{ cite book | last = huntington | first = samuel p | . ) {{ citation needed | date = february 2010 }} starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of | |||
| 1 | the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] who after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation . | | title = [[ the clash of civilizations | the clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order ]] | publisher = simon & schuster | isbn = 0 - 684 - 84441 - 9 | year = 1996 | page = 260 }} < / ref > | ) {{ citation needed | date = february 2010 }} starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most | ||||
| 400599300 | 18 | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } | ( | {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the | |||
| 430938486 | 0 | % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | | ' ' | [[ kosovo ]] {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < | |||
| 436091877 | 0 | ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) , coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . | in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = | = = first yugoslavia = = | {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] [[ | ||
| 6 | 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . | = = socialist | ' ' in 1929 . | yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic | |||
| 439457771 | 1 | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ | }} | {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ | |||
| 441313646 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ use dmy dates | date = july 2011 }} | {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | |||
| 468701811 | 64 | today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = notes and references = = | ' ' ' notes : ' ' ' { | class = " references - small " style = " margin - left : 13px ; line - height : 150 % " | align = " right " valign = " top " | a . | {{ note | status }} {{ kosovo - note }} | } ' ' ' references : ' ' ' | {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia | |||
| 478217075 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ for | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = | july 2011 | february 2012 | }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} | ||
| 495585894 | 12 | and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] . coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . | = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = | {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] [[ | |||
| 25 | prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] . coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . = = | first yugoslavia | = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | ||||
| 28 | 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . | = = second | yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic | ||||
| 495666744 | 15 | - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > | first yugoslavia | {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] [[ | |||
| 20 | 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . | = = second | yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic | ||||
| 30 | and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] . coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . | = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = | {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] [[ | ||||
| 495668696 | 14 | and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] . coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . | = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = | {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] [[ | |||
| 29 | prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] . coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . = = | first yugoslavia | = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | ||||
| 32 | 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . | = = second | yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic | ||||
| 496000041 | 0 | = = = the ' ' yugosphere ' ' is a term used to describe the present day physical areas which formed yugoslavia , as well as culture and influence . | {{ clarify | reason = what sort of influence ? what of / from ? }} | < ref > {{ cite web | title = former yugoslavia patches itself together : entering the yugosphere | work = the economist | date = 20 august 2009 | url | |||
| 498429134 | 0 | }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] | [[ category : former monarchies ]] | {{ link ga | no }} [[ af : joego - slawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : | |||
| 498483649 | 0 | }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] | [[ category : former monarchies ]] | {{ link ga | no }} [[ af : joego - slawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : | |||
| 517568094 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = | february | october | 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | ||
| 530921150 | 0 | ]] is formed * 14 december 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = | {{ out of date | section | date = january 2013 }} | {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | header = | image1 = map of war in yugoslavia , 1992 . png | | |||
| 537097237 | 0 | . the [[ united nations ]] also [[ united nations security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . < ref | name = " mpil . de " | > {{ cite book | url = http : / / www . mpil . de / shared / data / pdf / pdfmpunyb / wood _ 1 . pdf | | |||
| 1 | those aspirations and accepted the opinion of [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on november 2 , 2000 . < ref | name = " ebrd country promotion programme " | > {{ cite web | title = fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | | ||||
| 542253625 | 5 | december 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = {{ out of date | | section | date = january 2013 }} | {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | header = | image1 = map of war in yugoslavia , 1992 . png | | |||
| 555232598 | 1 | . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay the collapse of communist yugoslavia ] * {{ cite americana | jugoslavia | author = milivoy s . stanoyevich | | short = x | }} {{ yugoslavia topics | state = collapsed }} {{ yug - timeline }} {{ coord | 44 | 49 | 14 | n | 20 | 27 | 44 | | |||
| 578720338 | 2 | relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = notes | and | references = = {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc | |||
| 587714715 | 2 | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] | [[ category : southeastern europe ]] | {{ link ga | no }} | |||
| 588344999 | 0 | ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) , | formed | was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] | in 1918 {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]] n [[ croats | croat ]] politician [[ ante trumbić ]] , lobbied | ||
| 610895932 | 1 | right | 150px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " shortly before his execution ]] | = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = | {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 & nbsp ; am on 6 april 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | | |||
| 616888517 | 0 | = | pages = }} < / ref > however , he refused to abdicate . marshal tito was now in full control , and all opposition elements were eliminated . | he executed over 100 , 000 croats and slovenes who had collaborated with the germans . | < ref > {{ cite book | author1 = arnold and wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http : / / books . | |||
| 620300269 | 0 | pages = }} < / ref > however , he refused to abdicate . marshal tito was now in full control , and all opposition elements were eliminated . < ref | name = " books . google . com " | > {{ cite book | author1 = arnold and wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http : / / books . google . | |||
| 622094154 | 23 | " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | march 1 , 1992 | april | 6 , | 1992 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | march 1 | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | |||
| 26 | < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | june 25 , 1991 | october | 8 , | 1991 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 25 | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ | ||||
| 36 | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | september 8 , 1991 | april | 8 , | 1993 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | september 8 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | ||||
| 38 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may | 21 , | 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 3 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | may 21 | - | [[ serbia ]] | ||||
| 39 | file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 21 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june | 3 , | 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | may 21 | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | ||||
| 41 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may | 22 , | 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 5 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 15 | - | [[ slovenia ]] | ||||
| 42 | file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 22 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june | 5 , | 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 15 | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | ||||
| 685264591 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ distinguish | federal republic of yugoslavia }} | {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | |||
| 685357030 | 2 | {st@rt} | {{ distinguish | federal republic of yugoslavia }} | {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | |||
| 685369118 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ distinguish | federal republic of yugoslavia }} | {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | |||
| 685373368 | 2 | {st@rt} | {{ distinguish | federal republic of yugoslavia }} | {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | |||
| 685440379 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ distinguish | federal republic of yugoslavia }} | {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | |||
| 702550312 | 0 | {st@rt} | ' ' ' | {{ distinguish | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ pp - semi | small | |||
| 13 | ' ' , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in | [[ | 1918 {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]] n [[ croats | croat ]] politician [[ ante trumbić ]] , lobbied the | ||||
| 14 | ' , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 | ]] | {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]] n [[ croats | croat ]] politician [[ ante trumbić ]] , lobbied the allies | ||||
| 702589142 | 0 | {st@rt} | ' ' ' | {{ distinguish | federal republic of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' ' ' ' {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} | |||
| 13 | , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in | [[ | 1918 ]] {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]] n [[ croats | croat ]] politician [[ ante trumbić ]] , lobbied | ||||
| 14 | ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in [[ 1918 | ]] | {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]] n [[ croats | croat ]] politician [[ ante trumbić ]] , lobbied the allies | ||||
| 754482671 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ distinguish | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} | {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - | |||
| 754485190 | 4 | coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 25 june 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 october 1991 }} < br / > {{ | | not a member | {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 25 june }} | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | [[ file : flag | |||
| 10 | arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 8 september 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 april 1993 }} < br / > | < small > ( as fr yugoslavia , membership succeeded by serbia on | {{ dts | 3 june 2006 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 21 may }} | - | [[ | ||||
| 13 | | [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 1 march 1992 }} | {{ dts | 6 april 1992 | }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 | }} | {{ dts | 1 march }} | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border | ||||
| 17 | coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 8 september 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 april 1993 }} < br | / | > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 8 september }} | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | [[ file : | ||||
| 18 | arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 8 september 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 april 1993 }} < br / > | {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | | {{ dts | 8 september }} | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] | ||||
| 763759709 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia | }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia | |||
| 772785767 | 0 | | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 17 february 2008 }} | not a member | < br / > ( status disputed ) | | {{ dts | 17 february }} | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | |||
| 772785812 | 1 | : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 17 february 2008 }} | not a member < br / > ( status disputed ) | < / small > | | {{ dts | 17 february }} | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | |||
| 786261646 | 1 | serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 22 may 2006 }} < | br / | ref name = " jurist " | > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 01 11 2000 }} < br > < small > ( as fr yugoslavia , membership succeeded | ||
| 3 | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 22 may 2006 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = | august 2014 | 5 june 2011 | accessdate = 18 june 2017 | }} | {{ dts | 01 11 2000 }} < br > < small > ( as fr yugoslavia , membership succeeded by serbia on {{ dts | 3 june 2006 | |||
| 6 | montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 21 may 2006 }} < | br | ref name = " jurist " | / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 28 06 2006 }} | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ | |||
| 7 | | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 21 may 2006 }} < br / > | {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | | {{ dts | 28 06 2006 }} | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | ||||
| 807327529 | 0 | october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' | {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija / }} југославија {{ ipa - sh | juɡǒslaːʋija | } } ; {{ lang - sl | jugoslavija }} {{ ipa - sl | | |||
| 809499570 | 2 | {st@rt} {{ about | the former country in the | western balkans | 1918 - 1941 kingdom | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia | ||
| 819802470 | 8 | serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 5 june 2006 }} < | ref name = " jurist " | br | > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . jurist . org / thisday / 2011 / 06 / serbia - declared - independence . php | | ||
| 10 | www . jurist . org / thisday / 2011 / 06 / serbia - declared - independence . php | title = serbia declared independence | publisher = jurist | date | = 5 june 2011 | accessdate = 18 june 2017 }} < / ref > | of the proclamation of fr yugoslavia | | {{ dts | 01 11 2000 }} < br > < small > ( as fr yugoslavia , membership succeeded by serbia on {{ dts | 3 june 2006 }} | |||
| 819821056 | 12 | < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | a | } } | footnote _ | a | b | = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , | ||
| 842266865 | 3 | yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = yugoslav dinar | footnotes = | footnotes2 = | today = }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' | {{ lang | sh | jugoslavija }} ' ' , југославија ; {{ ipa - sh | juɡǒslaːʋija | } } ) was a country in [[ southeast europe | southeastern | |||
| 4 | - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' {{ lang | sh | jugoslavija }} ' ' , југославија | ; | {{ ipa - sh | juɡǒslaːʋija | } } ) was a country in [[ southeast europe | southeastern ]] and [[ central europe ]] for most of the 20th century | ||||
| 842760122 | 1 | in today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ women in yugoslavia ]] = = notes = = | {{ reflist | group = note }} | {{ reflist | group = lower - roman }} = = references = = {{ reflist | 30em }} * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . | |||
| 842797481 | 0 | 1941 _ april _ 06 . html | archivedate = 15 october 2009 | df = dmy - all }} < / ref > = = world war ii = = | {{ refimprove section | date = may 2018 }} | {{ main article | world war ii in yugoslavia }} [[ file : stjepan stevo filipović . jpg | thumb | right | upright = 0 . 7 | [[ yugoslav | |||
| 846351997 | 1 | ref > in april 2001 , the five successor states extant at the time drafted an agreement on succession issues , signing the agreement in june 2001 . < ref > | https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20000816214535 / http : / / www . cia . gov : 80 / cia / publications / factbook / sr . html < | {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . dipublico . com . ar / english / yugoslav - agreement - on - succession - issues - 2001 | |||
| 847115357 | 2 | = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / > 1945 – 1992 | < br / > {{ nowrap | | {{ small | {{ nobold | 1941 – 1945 : [[ yugoslav government - in - exile | government - in - exile ]] }} }} }} | p1 = | |||
| 847902924 | 5 | = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / > 1945 – 1992 | < br / > {{ nowrap | | {{ small | {{ nobold | 1941 – 1945 : [[ yugoslav government - in - exile | government - in - exile ]] }} }} }} | p1 = |
| left_string | del_string | ins_string | right_string | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23102723 | 0 | ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , | the | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | |
| 23116671 | 1 | ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , | the | [[ republic of macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry | |
| 31628313 | 1 | yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ | croatia | tiger pwns you | ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the |
| 54532013 | 0 | - x = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ montenegro ]] | * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was | |
| 63331191 | 10 | , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * | , with capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # socialist republic of | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of |
| 134919978 | 3 | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the [[ nazis ]] made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use [[ croatia | croatian ]] | n | [[ fascism ]] for barbarous acts against the serbs and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some elements in | |
| 168734899 | 14 | fry ( see below ) * [[ november ]] , [[ 1995 ]] , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ 1996 | ]] | - [[ 1999 ]] clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] nato | |
| 185792313 | 0 | europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , | the | [[ republic of macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | |
| 1 | , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ | republic of macedonia | | republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( | ||
| 191900872 | 1 | europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , | [[ kosovo ]] ( from sunday february 17th 2008 ) , | the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' | |
| 192077462 | 3 | in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] | , [[ kosovo ]] ( from sunday , february 17th , 2008 ) | , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' | |
| 192161546 | 1 | europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , | the | [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' | |
| 192405403 | 0 | , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ | kosovo ]] , [[ | republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | |
| 192459256 | 1 | ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia | ]] , [[ kosovo | ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | |
| 193351040 | 1 | ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia | ]] , [[ kosovo | ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the region of [[ kosovo ]] [[ 2008 | |
| 193447637 | 1 | ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia | ]] , [[ kosovo | ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | |
| 193587328 | 1 | ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia | ]] , [[ kosovo | ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | |
| 193894652 | 4 | ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia | ]] , [[ kosovo | ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | |
| 193899901 | 1 | ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia | ]] , [[ kosovo | ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | |
| 194084019 | 0 | europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , | [[ kosovo ]] | , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | |
| 194104308 | 0 | europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , | [[ kosovo ]] | , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | |
| 197171154 | 1 | ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia | ]] , [[ kosovo | ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | |
| 197211778 | 1 | ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia | ]] , [[ kosovo | ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | |
| 197289863 | 3 | ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia | ]] , [[ kosovo | ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | |
| 199794926 | 3 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] ( | pending full international recognition ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the | |
| 199795294 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ | no | kosovo ]] ( pending full international recognition ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic |
| 199795480 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | no | * [[ | kosovo until full recgnition of the world and respect of international law . i ' m sorry , but i can make a " pending full recognition " claim of quebec |
| 201577676 | 0 | = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * | * partially recognized brakeaway province of | [[ kosovo ]] ( pending full international recognition ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav | |
| 203556024 | 2 | europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the former constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , now independent states , are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ | croatia | montenegro | ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province |
| 210295199 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * | [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied | |
| 210773864 | 5 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * | [[ kosovo | republic of kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina | | |
| 229663329 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union | |
| 229719056 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union | |
| 229854518 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union | |
| 232976968 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] ( only some nations recognize it as an independent country , and the un has not done so ) | * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union | |
| 1 | | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] | image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is in dispute ) | image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia | ||
| 232978942 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] ( only some nations recognize it as an independent country , and the un has not done so ) | * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union | |
| 1 | | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] | image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is in dispute ) | image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia | ||
| 232981225 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] ( only some nations recognize it as an independent country , and the un has not done so ) | * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union | |
| 1 | | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] | image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is in dispute ) | image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia | ||
| 237699601 | 1 | | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] | image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) | image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : | |
| 238651539 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) | * [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the | |
| 241485481 | 3 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) | * [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the | |
| 247935764 | 23 | = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * | ( | status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ republic of macedonia | | |
| 36 | | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] | < / center > | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : | ||
| 251599396 | 2 | = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * | [[ kosovo ]] | ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' | ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ montenegro ]] * |
| 257767654 | 4 | belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : * [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] ; | " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > | * [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] | |
| 5 | ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : * [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] ; * | < / nowiki > | < center > | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] ; | ||
| 284695040 | 74 | [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia | | croatian banovina | ]] ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international | |
| 295388268 | 4 | ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border | |
| 468701811 | 11 | 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia | = = | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = | state union of serbia and montenegro = = main article : [[ serbia and montenegro ]] following the [[ breakup of yugoslavia ]] , it was established in 1992 as a |
| 492692066 | 0 | ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | | style = " | | style = " width : 7em ; | font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / |
| 493354776 | 4 | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = | third yugoslavia = = | federal republic of yugoslavia = = main article : [[ serbia and montenegro ]] as yugoslavia began to dissolve and the subsequent [[ yugoslav wars | wars ]] raged through croatia | |
| 496003280 | 10 | ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | | style = " width : 7em ; | | style = " | font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia |
| 542264962 | 2 | " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | | march 1 , 1992 | april 6 , 1992 | march 1 | | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | |
| 542271741 | 0 | ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | sr macedonia ]] , [[ socialist republic of montenegro | sr montenegro ]] , [[ socialist republic of slovenia | sr slovenia ]] | , | and [[ socialist republic of serbia | sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ |
| left_string | del_string | ins_string | right_string | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12613493 | 0 | 1072 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1112 ; & # 1072 ; ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh | - cn | : & # 21335 ; & # 26031 ; & # 25289 ; & # 22827 ; ]] | |
| 22785116 | 46 | ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1112 ; & # 1072 ; ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : | & # 21335 ; & # 26031 ; & # 25289 ; & # 22827 ; | 南斯拉夫 | ]] |
| 27573042 | 0 | ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | comments : i the so called clerics in the first paragraph had no power in the yugoslav republics , in fact it wasn ' t untill mid seventies that yugoslavia signed an aggreement with the vatican , stating that catholic religious belief will no longer be persecuted . the communist country really did cease to openly persecute catholics , but they were forced into hiding with measures within the public companies , which would not hire or keep on anyone who openly professed their catholic faith . beeing a socialist country , all the companies ( until the 80s ) within yugoslavia were public . the orthodox were not persecuted although not encouraged even though a vast majority of the serbs were orthodox and at the same time - communist , unfortunately the muslims both in kosovo and macedonia as well as bosnia were still persecuted and even killed . this silent civil war raged all through the second yugoslav period , and is raging still in macedonia and kosovo . ii it was in fact the people of the republics of slovenia and croatia , who decided that the vote of the republic of serbia in the yugoslav parliament should count as one vote and that the president of one republic , that beeing slobodan milosevic who was in fact only president of serbia can not decide for everyone . that is how the croat , slovene and bosnian votes should have outweighed his lone vote . it was in milosevic ' s nature to pose as the big leader of yugoslavia even though the president of the federation was in fact janez drnovsek . milosevic was defending the so called big serbia . an idea of the late 19th and ( especially ) early 20th century which states that yugoslavia is in fact big serbia , and that no other ethnicity within it compares in size and should therefore compare in power . in this respect it is neccessary to mention that in the original constitution of yugoslavia , that was written during and after world war ii the rights of decision of each separate nation to leave the federacy are unquestionable . iii also the yugoslav national army held high power within the second yugoslavia before the constitution of 1974 , part of which was also the parting of republic ' s police forces from the yugoslav national army and forming of military teritorial defences ( to ) in separate republics respectively . the yugoslav national army was in fact losing its former power in comparison to pre - 1974 yugoslavia . iv it should also be taken into perspective that bosnia and herzegovina was one republic populated by three religious groups : catholic , orthodox and muslims . the first two are usually called simply croatian and serbian , but the last one comprised of both of these ethnic groups is simply refered to as muslim for a lack of better name . in the second yugoslavia they were referred to as muslims as well , and hence not recognized as a nationality , but rather as a religious minority in respect to other religions within the sfrj ( socialist federative republic of yugoslavia ) and as such ( comment i ) persecuted . | ||
| 27573396 | 0 | ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | comments : i the so called clerics in the first paragraph had no power in the yugoslav republics , in fact it wasn ' t untill mid seventies that yugoslavia signed an aggreement with the vatican , stating that catholic religious belief will no longer be persecuted . the communist country really did cease to openly persecute catholics , but they were forced into hiding with measures within the public companies , which would not hire or keep on anyone who openly professed their catholic faith . beeing a socialist country , all the companies ( until the 80s ) within yugoslavia were public . the orthodox were not persecuted although not encouraged even though a vast majority of the serbs were orthodox and at the same time - communist , unfortunately the muslims both in kosovo and macedonia as well as bosnia were still persecuted and even killed . this silent civil war raged all through the second yugoslav period , and is raging still in macedonia and kosovo . ii it was in fact the people of the republics of slovenia and croatia , who decided that the vote of the republic of serbia in the yugoslav parliament should count as one vote and that the president of one republic , that beeing slobodan milosevic who was in fact only president of serbia can not decide for everyone . that is how the croat , slovene and bosnian votes should have outweighed his lone vote . it was in milosevic ' s nature to pose as the big leader of yugoslavia even though the president of the federation was in fact janez drnovsek . milosevic was defending the so called big serbia . an idea of the late 19th and ( especially ) early 20th century which states that yugoslavia is in fact big serbia , and that no other ethnicity within it compares in size and should therefore compare in power . in this respect it is neccessary to mention that in the original constitution of yugoslavia , that was written during and after world war ii the rights of decision of each separate nation to leave the federacy are unquestionable . iii also the yugoslav national army held high power within the second yugoslavia before the constitution of 1974 , part of which was also the parting of republic ' s police forces from the yugoslav national army and forming of military teritorial defences ( to ) in separate republics respectively . the yugoslav national army was in fact losing its former power in comparison to pre - 1974 yugoslavia . iv it should also be taken into perspective that bosnia and herzegovina was one republic populated by three religious groups : catholic , orthodox and muslims . the first two are usually called simply croatian and serbian , but the last one comprised of both of these ethnic groups is simply refered to as muslim for a lack of better name . in the second yugoslavia they were referred to as muslims as well , and hence not recognized as a nationality , but rather as a religious minority in respect to other religions within the sfrj ( socialist federative republic of yugoslavia ) and as such ( comment i ) persecuted . | ||
| 28693365 | 0 | ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | [[ fi : jugoslavian ]] | ||
| 88364098 | 0 | [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | there is no more yugoslavia | ||
| 93003032 | 0 | [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | [[ ]] | ||
| 134661534 | 1 | [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | = = [ headline text ] < gallery > ' ' ' image : example . jpg | caption1 image : example . jpg | caption2 ' ' ' < / gallery > = = | ||
| 134684632 | 0 | [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | = = [ headline text ] < gallery > ' ' ' image : example . jpg | caption1 image : example . jpg | caption2 ' ' ' < / gallery > = = | ||
| 142579717 | 0 | [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] | ||
| 156524186 | 4 | [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] | ||
| 165572637 | 0 | [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | thwen djfiodsjf - 9dasfsg | ||
| 165573000 | 0 | [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | thwen djfiodsjf - 9dasfsg | ||
| 254441153 | 0 | [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | former yugoslav republic of macedonia ( since 1995 ) | ||
| 254441894 | 1 | jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ zh : | 南斯拉夫 ]] former yugoslav republic of macedonia ( since 1995 ) | 南斯拉 | |
| 254442227 | 2 | jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ zh : | 南斯拉 | 南斯拉夫 ]] | |
| 260686440 | 0 | [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | [[ category : former monarchies ]] | ||
| 341172017 | 0 | : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ zh - classical : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ yi : יוגאסלאוויע ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | and then some : ) wat ? | ||
| 341172076 | 1 | : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ zh - classical : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ yi : יוגאסלאוויע ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | and then some : ) wat ? |
| left_string | del_string | ins_string | right_string | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 47535806 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ | macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political | |
| 55039433 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , | ' ' југославија ' ' | in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but | |
| 83862003 | 1 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' | in | ( | [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three separate political entities that existed during most |
| 2 | ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] | and | , | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on | |
| 37 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in | all | [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a | ||
| 92027256 | 6 | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , slovenian , croatian , bosnian , ' ' југославија ' ' | in | ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four | |
| 92498255 | 0 | of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in | [[ slovenian language | slovenian ]] | latin | , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , or ' ' југославија ' ' in ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ |
| 2 | , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , or ' ' југославија ' ' in ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ | macedonian | english | language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at a time on the | |
| 5 | ' ' in [[ slovenian language | slovenian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , or ' ' југославија ' ' in | ( | [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political | ||
| 94134661 | 0 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ kosovo ]] ( | ' ' kosovo ' ' | in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ; [[ kosova ]] in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto | |
| 112621417 | 3 | yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in latin , југославија in [[ cyrillic ]] | , | ; | [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan |
| 121446205 | 3 | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic latinic transliterations | latinic ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic | alphabet | cyrillic | ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the | |
| 144797370 | 0 | jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english | : | language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] | |
| 145645472 | 0 | jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english | : | language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during | |
| 203556024 | 14 | ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , " југославија " in [[ cyrillic | alphabet | cyrillic | ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : ' ' south slavia ' ' , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes | |
| 206808719 | 3 | ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , " југославија " in [[ cyrillic | alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and [[ macedonian language | macedonian | ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : ' ' south slavia ' ' , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes | |
| 220496604 | 0 | language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " југославија " in [[ | serbo - croatian | serbian | language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : |
| 228473441 | 0 | alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) | and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | ; [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities | |
| 231448818 | 0 | alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) | and in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | ; [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities | |
| 231803887 | 1 | precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ | gaj ' s latin alphabet | croatian language | | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet |
| 3 | ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] | ) and | , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , | [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and in [[ macedonian | |
| 7 | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] | ) and in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | : југославија | ; [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities | |
| 8 | ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; | literally in | [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that | ||
| 236693431 | 0 | yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 238356595 | 0 | yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 239059624 | 0 | over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ | bosnian language | bosnian ]] [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | | |
| 239131547 | 0 | over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ | bosnian language | bosnian ]] [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | | |
| 240006570 | 0 | - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in [[ english language | english ]] | |
| 1 | where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs | ||
| 241485481 | 5 | - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] {{ fact | date = september 2008 }} , [[ | macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in [[ english language | english ]] | |
| 8 | where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs | ||
| 246580947 | 0 | yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 246701819 | 0 | | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , | [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | |
| 246787688 | 0 | | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , | [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | |
| 247526296 | 3 | language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in | [[ | english language | english ]] : " south slavia " or " land of [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively | |
| 254161537 | 0 | | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , | [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | |
| 257715790 | 0 | - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ | albanian language albanian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | | |
| 257719367 | 5 | - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ | albanian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | | |
| 259245029 | 0 | - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ | albanian language | albanian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | | |
| 267761346 | 0 | - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ | albanian language | albanian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | | |
| 275946928 | 0 | ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ | macedonian | fyromian | language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or |
| 276005095 | 0 | ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ | fyromian | macedonian | language | fyromian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or |
| 276014383 | 0 | ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ | macedonian | fyromian _ | language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or |
| 276016370 | 0 | ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ | fyromian _ | macedonian | language | fyromian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or |
| 281117483 | 3 | also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for | the | [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority | |
| 12 | ]] , [[ republic of macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language ]] and | the | [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian was | ||
| 284695040 | 0 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ | serbo - | bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ | croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin |
| 1 | as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ | bosnian | macedonian | language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene | |
| 3 | over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ | croatian | montenegrin | language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian | |
| 291724921 | 0 | [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " , [[ | albani | albanian | language | albania ]] ' ' jugoslavia ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during |
| 293468792 | 3 | : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the | [[ south slavs ]] " , | [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ' ' jugoslavia ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe | |
| 293624881 | 1 | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; from the | [[ south slavs ]] " , | [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ' ' jug ' ' and ' ' slav ' ' that means " the south slavia " or " the slavs of the south | |
| 294154848 | 0 | of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ | macedonian | slavomacedonian | language | slavomacedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene |
| 294225092 | 0 | of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ | slavomacedonian | macedonian | language | slavomacedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene |
| 295405618 | 0 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , | [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | |
| 1 | ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ | serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ | slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " | ||
| 300165895 | 0 | serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 300534454 | 0 | ]] , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 300534494 | 0 | albanian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , | [ | [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally |
| 302398403 | 0 | ]] , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally |
| 304658168 | 1 | serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally |
| 305203625 | 0 | ]] , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally |
| 314884067 | 4 | serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 314888561 | 0 | serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 315047149 | 4 | serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 315141168 | 0 | serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 315205975 | 4 | serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 315317273 | 0 | ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , | [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; | |
| 315317347 | 0 | ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | , | [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | |
| 315737225 | 0 | . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ | macedonian | bulgarian | language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' |
| 315753016 | 0 | . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ | bulgarian | macedonian | language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' |
| 319569174 | 10 | ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , | [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; | |
| 319589909 | 0 | ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , | [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; | |
| 319701637 | 10 | ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , | [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; | |
| 319852932 | 0 | ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , | [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; | |
| 321352765 | 0 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , | [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | |
| 321364993 | 0 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , | [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | |
| 321366370 | 0 | | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' | ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , | t | [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language |
| 321366425 | 0 | | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' | t | [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | |
| 321368159 | 0 | | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' | ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , | [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | |
| 321369544 | 0 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , | [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | |
| 321372404 | 0 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , | [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | |
| 321374296 | 0 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , | [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | |
| 323187061 | 0 | precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 323250306 | 0 | precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 323414224 | 0 | precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 323495095 | 0 | precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 323566558 | 0 | precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 323675859 | 0 | precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 323722231 | 0 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | [[ albaniab language | albania ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnia ]] , | [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | |
| 323747498 | 0 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | [[ albaniab language | albania ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnia ]] , | [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | |
| 1 | ' ( [[ albaniab language | albania ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnia ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | ||
| 323748841 | 0 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , | [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija | |
| 323930971 | 0 | - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin _ language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 324038125 | 0 | croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin | _ | language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic | |
| 324901840 | 0 | - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 324929646 | 0 | - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 325211534 | 0 | yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ | bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ | macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' | |
| 325617238 | 0 | | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ | serbo - croatian | serbian | language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet |
| 325697061 | 0 | | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ | serbian | serbo - croatian | language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic |
| 326830784 | 0 | | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ | serbo - | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ | croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic |
| 327984843 | 0 | precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ | bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ | macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 328572029 | 0 | ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ | montenegrin _ language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | |
| 337480691 | 0 | ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin _ language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | macedonian | skopje | language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in |
| 337480914 | 0 | ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin _ language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | skopje | macedonian | language | skopje ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in |
| 337482203 | 0 | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin | _ | language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic | |
| 346818646 | 0 | ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | macedonian | fyrom | language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in |
| 346818728 | 0 | ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | fyrom | macedonian | language | slavic ] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in |
| 346898017 | 0 | | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ | serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ | serbo - | croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | |
| 3 | precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ | bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ | macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | ||
| 354516843 | 0 | yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ | macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed | |
| 354517678 | 0 | yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ | macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed | |
| 354759433 | 0 | yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ | macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed | |
| 379459406 | 1 | | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ | serbo - | croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic | |
| 379540202 | 0 | | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ | serbo - | croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian | |
| 379540364 | 1 | | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ | serbo - | croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic | |
| 407919403 | 0 | | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' | ( [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | |
| 407919472 | 0 | the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | ( | [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | | |
| 447905744 | 1 | | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' | ( [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | | |
| 447905869 | 0 | | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' | ( | [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ( [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian | |
| 495585894 | 1 | | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ | serbo - | croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' | |
| 2 | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian | ]] , [[ macedonian | language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' | ||
| 495666744 | 25 | | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | ]] , [[ macedonian | language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans | |
| 495668696 | 3 | | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ | serbo - | croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' | |
| 4 | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian | ]] , [[ macedonian | language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' | ||
| 725921112 | 4 | ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | ]] , [[ macedonian | language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of | |
| 730218902 | 0 | october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , | [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | | |
| 745597316 | 0 | map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ | serbo - | croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian | |
| 5 | october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , | [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | | ||
| 745962753 | 0 | yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian | latin | cyrillic | alphabet | serbian latin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it |
| 755859592 | 0 | october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | [[ serbo | {{ lang | - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | serbian cyrillic ]] , |
| 1 | [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - | croatian language | sh | | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | serbian cyrillic ]] , [[ macedonian language | |
| 4 | | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , | [[ slovene language | {{ lang - mk | | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | serbian cyrillic ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија ) was a country |
| left_string | del_string | ins_string | right_string | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 642221 | 0 | in yugoslavia ]] * [[ transportation in yugoslavia ]] * [[ military of yugoslavia ]] * [[ foreign relations of yugoslavia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * | the | [[ voivodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ belgrade ]] * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ novi sad ]] * [[ prishtina ]] | |
| 1 | * [[ transportation in yugoslavia ]] * [[ military of yugoslavia ]] * [[ foreign relations of yugoslavia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ voivodina ]] | region and its municipalities - [[ novi sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ belgrade ]] * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ novi sad ]] * [[ prishtina ]] | ||
| 657082 | 2 | relations of yugoslavia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * the [[ voivodina ]] region and its municipalities - [[ novi sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] * | the | [[ kosovo ]] * [[ belgrade ]] * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ novi sad ]] * [[ prishtina ]] | |
| 4 | ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * the [[ voivodina ]] region and its municipalities - [[ novi sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ belgrade ]] | - the capital of the federal republic of yugoslavia | * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ novi sad ]] * [[ prishtina ]] | ||
| 5 | ]] * the [[ voivodina ]] region and its municipalities - [[ novi sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ belgrade ]] * [[ podgorica ]] | * [[ novi sad ]] | * [[ prishtina ]] | ||
| 8862936 | 0 | the new [[ constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics : * [[ bosnia | - | and | herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] |
| 17893899 | 1 | [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] | , | * [[ kosovo ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build | |
| 17893923 | 0 | * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] ( republics ) ; * [[ vojvodina ]] | , | and | * [[ kosovo ]] ( autonomous provinces ) . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) |
| 25682758 | 7 | * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] ( republics ) ; * [[ vojvodina ]] | within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : | * [[ vojvodina ]] and * [[ kosovo ]] ( autonomous provinces ) . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] are part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . | |
| 30275074 | 2 | ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] | - mainly hungarian | * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the | |
| 30298958 | 5 | [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and two separate provinces of yugoslavia , where the people were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] | - mainly hungarian | * [[ kosovo ]] - annexed from albania in 1910 in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro | |
| 31628313 | 4 | autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ | serbia | tiger ' s kingdom | ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] |
| 5 | republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ | slovenia | tiger country | ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] | |
| 54532013 | 1 | countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia | and montenegro | ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia | |
| 63331191 | 12 | and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] | * | , with capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # socialist republic of | [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ |
| 13 | . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] | * | , with capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . socialist autonomous province of [[ kosovo ]] , with capital in [[ pristina | priština ]] < br / > 5b . socialist autonomous province of [[ vojvodina ]] , with capital in [[ novi sad ]] # socialist republic of | [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ | |
| 64300407 | 0 | = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ | former yugoslav | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and | |
| 64368000 | 0 | = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ | former yugoslav republic of | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a | |
| 64369600 | 0 | = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ | republic of | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a | |
| 202901450 | 0 | = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ | republic | fyr | of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european |
| 202957174 | 0 | = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ | republic of macedonia | | fyr of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ | |
| 205709433 | 0 | = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ | republic of macedonia | fyr | republic | of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european |
| 206594988 | 1 | the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] | * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] | * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia | |
| 206597640 | 0 | yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] | * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] | * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia | |
| 206669578 | 0 | = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * | former yugoslav | [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the | |
| 206671147 | 5 | = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * | former yugoslav | [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the | |
| 208347875 | 0 | the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] | * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia |
| 208630493 | 0 | = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ | formet yugoslav | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , | |
| 208630626 | 0 | = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ | formet yugoslav | former yugoslav | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , |
| 208650124 | 1 | = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ | former yugoslav | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , | |
| 209720734 | 1 | the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] | * | [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in | |
| 210294170 | 0 | = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ | macedonia | | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] as well as the partially reconised state [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ | |
| 210316137 | 3 | day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ | macedonia | | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , | |
| 210767374 | 1 | [[ kosovo | republic of kosovoν ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina | | asutonomous | autonomous | province of vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia |
| 250961887 | 1 | * [[ croatia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * | ( | [[ kosovo ]] , status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) the first | |
| 251599396 | 4 | status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ | republic of macedonia | macedonia | slo | ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a |
| 300473210 | 3 | : 5b . {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : | | style = " font - size | : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | |
| 11 | : 5b . {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : | [[ priština ]] : | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ | ||
| 466554200 | 14 | | [[ kosovo ]] }} {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | : [[ priština ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > : [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] | - | | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . | |
| 467914600 | 11 | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | | < center > [[ file : flag of | serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : emblem of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 40px ]] < | |
| 468741070 | 7 | sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ | sap | socialist autonomous province of | kosovo | kosovo ]] which after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation < ref > {{ cite book | last = huntington | first = samuel |
| 542264962 | 16 | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file | |
| 18 | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file |
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| 818932945 | 5 | jugoslavije . svg | 70px ]] | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1939 ) < br > [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] ( 1943 - 1992 ) < br > [[ fr yugoslavia ]] ( 1992 - 2003 ) | | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = | | |
| 819799425 | 8 | svg | 70px ]] | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = history _ of _ yugoslavia . svg | image _ map _ caption = | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1939 ) < br > [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] ( 1943 - 1992 ) < br > [[ fr yugoslavia ]] ( 1992 - 2003 ) | | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = | | |
| 819819549 | 1 | article = emblem of yugoslavia | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = | n | | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common | |
| 846864398 | 4 | jugoslavije . svg | 70px ]] | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = | yugoslavia during [[ interwar period ]] and [[ cold war ]] | | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = | |
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| 20114 | 9 | ]] * [[ / economy | economy ]] * [[ / communications | communications ]] * [[ / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ / military | military ]] * [[ | yugoslavia | / transnational issues | transnational issues ]] | |
| 34484 | 1 | communist ]] country under dictator [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent of the [[ soviet union ]] | , and was not a member | of the 20th century , a number of states in the balkan was unified under the name of the socialist federal republic of [[ yugoslavia ]] . all of them but | |
| 4 | communist ]] country under dictator [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent of the [[ soviet union ]] | . | after tito ' s death , tension between the various peoples grew , and since [[ 1991 ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | ||
| 183617 | 0 | country in southeastern europe , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as a [[ monarchy ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country | , ( petar ii [[ karadjordjevic ]] was the last king ) | under dictator [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent of the [[ soviet union ]] , and was | |
| 202246 | 8 | / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ yugoslavia / military | military ]] * [[ | foreign relations of | yugoslavia / transnational issues | transnational issues ]] | |
| 600840 | 0 | other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent of the [[ soviet union ]] , and was not a member of the [[ warsaw pact ]] . | the federal socialist republic of yugoslavia ceased to exist on [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] . | after tito ' s death , tension between the various peoples grew , and since [[ 1991 ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | |
| 627153 | 0 | other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent of the [[ soviet union ]] , and was not a member of the [[ warsaw pact ]] . | the federal socialist republic of yugoslavia ceased to exist on [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] . | after tito ' s death , tension between the various peoples grew , and since [[ 1991 ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | |
| 904667 | 1 | , croats and slovenes ]] , renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " in [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist | state | ]] country , ( [[ petar ii karadjordjevic ]] was the last king ) under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european | |
| 4 | ) under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent of the [[ soviet union ]] | ( see [[ informbiro ]] ) | , and was not a member of the [[ warsaw pact ]] . after tito ' s death , tension between the various peoples grew , and since [[ 1991 ]] | ||
| 17 | croats and slovenes ]] , renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " in [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] | country | , ( [[ petar ii karadjordjevic ]] was the last king ) under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries | ||
| 8716078 | 1 | broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla staged a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign | , | which developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western | and the germans answered by punishing the civil population . this led to great losses for yugoslavia , approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was |
| 8718538 | 0 | other parts of the country went back to [[ albania ]] , [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] s | organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed royalist guerilla led by colonel [[ draza mihailovic | dra & # 382 ; a mihajlovi & # 263 ; ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) | joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the | |
| 1 | [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla ]] campaign which | was | developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the german response was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a | ||
| 19 | ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade , yugoslavia | belgrade ]] . during the war the [[ communism | communist ]] lead the [[ partisans | ]] that were opposing the occupation and were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories | , but also denied supremacy of the old [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] government . westerner attempts to reunite partisans and emigration loyal to the king led to the [[ tito | ||
| 9383013 | 6 | [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest , and marked a culmination in the rift of the ruling party . following the [[ fall of communism ]] | in | " the rest of | [[ eastern europe ]] and in yugoslavia , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected |
| 10662657 | 0 | and instated the 17 - year old crown prince [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | peter ]] as the new king . apparently this defiance infuriated [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] | , so the axis | then | decided to attack both yugoslavia and greece on [[ april 6 ]] . ( as a result , hitler had to delay the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] by four |
| 2 | the axis decided to attack both yugoslavia and greece on [[ april 6 ]] . ( as a result , hitler had to delay the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] | was delayed | by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 | ||
| 12285700 | 0 | ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanian majority and the serbian minority in the province . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ | slobodan milosevic | slobodan milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 | monkey face poo head | ; ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation |
| 12424786 | 0 | ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanian majority and the serbian minority in the province . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ | monkey face poo head | slobodan milosevic | slobodan milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 | ; ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation |
| 12496803 | 0 | the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . | there were also people that were secretaries of sectors invented ad hoc by tito for people he favored . | people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezi & # 263 ; kr & # 269 ; un served under tito and then after he started to complain | |
| 12765421 | 1 | second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | marshal tito | ]] | led yugoslavia from the end of world war ii until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the | |
| 13337536 | 1 | serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] . | his | kimg alexander ' s | son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of |
| 2 | , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | | macedonian nationalists | ]] . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ | ||
| 13337668 | 1 | serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] . | his | king alexander ' s | son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of |
| 3 | , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | | macedonian nationalists | ]] . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ | ||
| 13337760 | 2 | ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] | and the [[ bulgarian ]] army | aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as many other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy | |
| 13672323 | 0 | visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by the ethnic [[ bulgarian ]] vlado chernozemski acting on behalf of [[ vmro | | macedonian nationalists | ]] . king alexander ' s son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of | |
| 1 | [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by the ethnic [[ bulgarian ]] vlado chernozemski acting on behalf of [[ vmro ]] . | king alexander ' s | his | son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of | |
| 18469162 | 15 | ; a ra & # 269 ; i & # 263 ; ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan | radic | stjepan | radi & # 263 ; ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander ]] used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and | |
| 22 | ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanian majority and the serbian minority in the province . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ | slobodan milosevic | | slobodan milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended | ||
| 22785116 | 11 | ; a ra & # 269 ; i & # 263 ; ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan | radi & # 263 ; | radić | ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander ]] ( aleksandar ) used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and on [[ |
| 14 | senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ | du & # 353 ; an simovi & # 263 ; | dušan simović | ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old king peter full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler | |
| 23283429 | 0 | [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started | terrorist | military | actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of police intervention and similar militia activity , to the point that there was |
| 23641751 | 2 | and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ ustaše ]] | which actually came into existence in [[ 1929 ]] , but was relatively limited in its activities until [[ 1941 ]] | . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied bosnia - herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country | |
| 5 | split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ ustaše ]] . | [[ nazi germany | | german ]] troops occupied bosnia - herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ albania | ||
| 6 | [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ ustaše ]] . [[ nazi germany | german | ]] | troops occupied bosnia - herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ albania ]] , | ||
| 23902620 | 0 | [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started | military | terrorist | actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of police intervention and similar militia activity , to the point that there was |
| 25041176 | 0 | [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started | terrorist | guerila | actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of police intervention and similar militia activity , to the point that there was |
| 25046467 | 0 | [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started | guerila | terrorist | actions in kosovo . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of police intervention and similar militia activity , to the point that there was widespread violence and |
| 30670821 | 1 | particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | | macedonian nationalists | bulgarian nationalist and imro activist | ]] . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] ( petar ii ) , was a child , so power fell into the hands |
| 30912745 | 1 | [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ imro | bulgarian nationalist and imro activist ]] velichko kerin ( more popular with his revolutionary pseudonym vlado | chernozemski | chernosemski ]] | ) . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] ( petar ii ) , was a child , so power fell into the hands |
| 31961080 | 35 | and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 | ]] | ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito | |
| 32922260 | 4 | chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to collaborate with axis powers against nla | . | . after allies realised that chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal | |
| 33738425 | 4 | well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against nla . after allies realised that chetniks were helping | the | germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to | |
| 34 | talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started | terrorist | armed | actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the yugoslav reaction causing many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes , to the point that there was | |
| 33824815 | 0 | talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started | armed | terrorist | actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the yugoslav reaction causing many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes , to the point that there was |
| 33836329 | 2 | talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started | terrorist | armed | actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the yugoslav reaction causing many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes , to the point that there was |
| 33953572 | 2 | talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started | armed | terrorist | actions in the southern serbian province , dubbed terrorism by the serb authorities . the yugoslav reaction resulted in a large number of civilian deaths , and caused many ethnic - |
| 34035074 | 13 | peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] | started terrorist | , which , starting in 1996 , carried out armed | actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction resulted in a large number of civilian deaths , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes , to |
| 34136474 | 2 | - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . frustrated by the lack of success of these policies , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] | was formed | , which , starting in 1996 , carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . serbian authorities denounced it as a [[ terrorism | terrorist ]] organisation , and | |
| 3 | violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . frustrated by the lack of success of these policies , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] , | which | deemed terrorist by | , starting in 1996 , carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . serbian authorities denounced it as a [[ terrorism | terrorist ]] organisation , and its indiscriminate | |
| 34241920 | 8 | leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] | was formed | , deemed terrorist by , among others , serbian and [[ usa ]] authorities . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many | |
| 34474488 | 1 | - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . frustrated by the lack of success of these policies , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] | ( considered terrorist organisation by , among others , serbian authorities , and the u . s . state department | , which , starting in 1996 , carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . serbian authorities denounced it as a terrorist organisation , and its indiscriminate tactics also | |
| 35849849 | 3 | territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards | [[ | bosnia ]] . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ | |
| 38555187 | 0 | unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in 1934 , he was assassinated by [[ imro | | bulgarian | macedonian | nationalist and imro activist ]] velichko kerin ( more popular with his revolutionary pseudonym [[ vlado chernosemski ]] ) . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | |
| 38571494 | 0 | unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in 1934 , he was assassinated by [[ imro | | macedonian | bulgarian | nationalist and imro activist ]] velichko kerin ( more popular with his revolutionary pseudonym [[ vlado chernosemski ]] ) . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | |
| 44222520 | 0 | ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ | nazi | nazism | nazis | ]] s organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla led by |
| 1 | were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew | jews ]] | s | , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | ||
| 3 | [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] | s | organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla led by colonel [[ | ||
| 4 | very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew | | jews | ]] , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ | ||
| 44359219 | 0 | nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla | army | led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) joined the [[ | |
| 44361382 | 9 | party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . | a wide variety of | people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito | |
| 12 | after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito | as | ' s | chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was victim of a dubious traffic incident . minister of the | |
| 44361477 | 0 | the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party | of yugoslavia | | communist party of yugoslavia ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful | |
| 1 | minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party | communist party | of yugoslavia | ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , | ||
| 47838645 | 0 | : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] | [[ image : radovna _ spomenik . jpg | thumb | a memorial erected to the memory of villagers of [[ radovna ]] ( [[ slovenia ]] ) , who were burned alive by the germans ]] | the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the | |
| 49267272 | 8 | the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , | but ended up alienating all the other | which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian hegemonism . | ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the |
| 53085765 | 19 | the [[ allies ]] , but soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against serb civilian population . for a killed soldier , germans executed 100 civilians , | and | for a wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on | |
| 56071916 | 0 | . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually | was a big peice of poop that | came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and | |
| 56234187 | 0 | it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] | which actually was a big peice of poop | that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] | |
| 56733333 | 0 | population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] | ( considered a terrorist organisation by , among others , serbian authorities , and the u . s . state department , which added it to its list of terrorist organisations ) | which carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to | |
| 63327901 | 61 | country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany , fascists | ]] | and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in | |
| 62 | yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany , fascists and | [[ nazism | | nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact | ||
| 63 | . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany , fascists and nazis | ]] | rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , | ||
| 75 | unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization | that pursued [[ nazi ]] policies | . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . the international political scene in the late 1930s | ||
| 82 | and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by fascist italy | ]] | and nazi germany , croatian leader vlatko macek and his party managed the creation of the croatian banovina ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was | ||
| 63330276 | 18 | axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist | ]] | militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as | |
| 22 | and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] | ( ' ' četnici ' ' ) | , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla army led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party | ||
| 24 | mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla army led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( | ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , | and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | | ||
| 27 | towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] | ( nla ) | , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croat ]] - [[ slovenian people | slovenian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] | ||
| 35 | very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew | | jewish | ]] s , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the | ||
| 36 | high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew ]] | s , | and | [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | | |
| 53 | image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] | ]] [[ image : radovna _ spomenik . jpg | thumb | a memorial erected to the memory of villagers of [[ radovna ]] ( [[ slovenia ]] ) , who were burned alive by the germans | ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by | ||
| 55 | croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew ]] s , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] | ) | minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( | ||
| 63517403 | 36 | had been dominated by serbian ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the nazis made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism for barbarous | slaughter | acts against the serbs | and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo albanian - and some elements in the bosnian muslim - population to bolster their rule . there had been one structural |
| 49 | then accepted the imf ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the yugoslav communist party | ]] | , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards neoliberalism , to the delight of the us . it was the reagan administration which , in | ||
| 63521475 | 99 | republic of serbian krajina ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( | ' ' | kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a video of secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced they were at war with the | |
| 67313073 | 3 | government . [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party became increasingly | paralysed | paralyzed | and thrown into crisis . in 1990 - 1991 , then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority |
| 67654191 | 0 | 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners | {{ fact }} | , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was | |
| 71228434 | 1 | yugoslavia ]] = = = at 5 : 15 a . m . on [[ april 6th ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ fascism | in italy | | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav | |
| 78071900 | 0 | ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . = = = resistance movements = = = | {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} | yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] ( ' ' četnici ' | |
| 80305420 | 0 | | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army | - narodno oslobodilacka vojska | ]] ( nla ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # | |
| 1 | party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( | nla | nov | ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and | |
| 2 | ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] ]] the | nla | nov | initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and | |
| 80306243 | 1 | = = the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] | aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after | was allowed by nov to pass through serbia from romania and exit through vojvodina on | the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of |
| 80313028 | 26 | the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , | this time openly | allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | | |
| 80313856 | 31 | enemy - successful and democratically superior communism . simultaneously , strong so - called social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , | this time openly | allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the final and obvious delight of the us . it was told many | |
| 80314145 | 7 | ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] ]] the | nov | nla | initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and |
| 14 | = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] | was allowed by nov to pass through serbia from romania and exit through vojvodina on | aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after | the north of serbia . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after liberating [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | |
| 23 | | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army | - narodno oslobodilacka vojska | ]] ( nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # | ||
| 80541289 | 0 | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] | narodno oslobodilacka vojska | ( nla ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass | |
| 1 | party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( | nla | nov | ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and | |
| 2 | ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] ]] the | nla | nov | initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and | |
| 3 | ]] the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made | notable | some | incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the | |
| 7 | collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . | this | nazi occupation and ethnic cleansing by ustaše in croatia and bosnia , | led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ | |
| 80541881 | 2 | = = the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] | aided | to enter jugoslavia through romania and aid | in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nla met with allied forces |
| 80541950 | 0 | was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in the first free post - war elections independent and established [[ communism | communist ]] | state | republic | , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ |
| 80546909 | 2 | ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] ]] the | nov | nla | initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made some incursions and |
| 3 | ]] the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made | some | notable | incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the | |
| 7 | collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nov , the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . | nazi occupation and ethnic cleansing by ustaše in croatia and bosnia , | this | led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ | |
| 11 | = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . nov allowed [[ red army ]] | to enter jugoslavia through romania and aid | aided | in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but continued on through hungary in pursuit of withdrawing german forces . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nov | |
| 15 | was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in the first free post - war elections independent and established [[ communism | communist ]] | republic | state | , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ | |
| 36 | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] | narodno oslobodilacka vojska | ( nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass | ||
| 80576110 | 0 | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] | narodno oslobodilacka vojska | ( nla ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass | |
| 1 | party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( | nla | nvo | ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and | |
| 2 | ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] ]] the | nla | nvo | initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and | |
| 6 | collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . | this | germans . italians , ustaše and četnici joined their forces against the nvoand that | led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ | |
| 80966897 | 2 | and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the nineteenth century , mainly because of the harsh policies against slavs | could possibly have , | practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for | |
| 80967558 | 0 | with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nvo , the allies eventually switched to support the nvo . however , nvo carried on its guerrilla warfare . germans | . | , | italians , ustaše and četnici joined their forces against the nvo and that led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic |
| 83629642 | 0 | [[ italy ]] . = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance | movements | movement | . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] ( ' ' četnici ' ' ) , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla |
| 2 | resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] ( ' ' četnici ' ' ) , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic | fasicst | royalist guerilla army led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] | ||
| 83629819 | 0 | known for their war crimes and atrocities against non - orthodox population , croatians , muslims etc . ) , a serb - composed nationalistic fasicst royalist guerilla army led by | colonel | convicted war criminal [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . but very shortly after the begining of war chetniks started to collaborate with nazis . those inclined | |
| 83667331 | 3 | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] | narodno oslobodilacka vojska | narodno oslobodilacka vojska | ( nvo ) , the only true resistance against the nazis in yugoslavia during the wwii led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | |
| 5 | ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] ]] the | nvo | nov | initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and | |
| 7 | german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' | termination of | terminated | war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nvo , the allies eventually | |
| 8 | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks | ]] ( ' ' četnici ' ' known for their war crimes and atrocities against non - orthodox population , croatians , muslims etc . ) | , a serb - composed nationalistic fasicst royalist guerilla army led by convicted war criminal [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . but very shortly after the | ||
| 87847188 | 49 | . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] - metohija form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 | ]] | ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito | |
| 90076309 | 0 | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = | following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king aleksandar i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the | jew | country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in [[ italy ]] and [[ |
| 90079596 | 2 | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = | jew | following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king aleksandar i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the | country . serbia rules . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] |
| 91986037 | 30 | ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ imro ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization that pursued [[ nazi ]] policies . | alexander | aleksandar | was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . = = = |
| 32 | idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs | could possibly have , | practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for | ||
| 43 | [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became | the | absolute ruler in the [[ soviet union ]] . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise | ||
| 94995394 | 1 | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma | gypsies ]] were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] | . | ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by | |
| 98949552 | 0 | country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under | the | strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started | |
| 98954754 | 13 | june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces | , | based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts | |
| 15 | back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting the serbs from new croatian army disguised as | a | police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia . ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . | ||
| 99559260 | 1 | party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno | oslobodilacka | oslobodilačka | vojska ( nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # |
| 101068997 | 0 | the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] | presidents | general secretaries | for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by |
| 102669832 | 7 | it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist | ]] | militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia and herzegovina | |
| 9 | of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše | ]] | that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ | ||
| 102992475 | 2 | powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholicism | catholic fascism | fascist | ]] | militia known as the ustaše that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as | |
| 108207574 | 0 | ' ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp | # mass murder and cruelty | | children in jasenovac ]] ]] the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe | |
| 110042365 | 5 | politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against freedom movements | among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman | < / math > ]] ttoman | empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire |
| 111868834 | 0 | peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] | smoked alot of weed and | then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been | |
| 111869190 | 2 | peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] | smoked alot of weed and | then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been | |
| 115538178 | 0 | . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks | ' | terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic | |
| 131370969 | 0 | were executed in these camps . = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] | organized | unorganized | resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a multiethnic , |
| 131827637 | 0 | ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp | | serbian | children in jasenovac ]] ]] first anti - fascist armed unit in europe was marked in brezovica forest near croatian town of [[ sisak ]] ( 60 kilometres south of zagreb | |
| 134919978 | 1 | claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew | jewish ]] | ish | and [[ roma people | roma ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | | |
| 135161400 | 7 | based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts | that the federation is under attach by foreign forces | , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the | |
| 142795804 | 2 | ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp | | serbian | children in jasenovac ]] ]] first anti - fascist armed unit in europe was marked in brezovica forest near croatian town of [[ sisak ]] ( 60 kilometres south of zagreb | |
| 144079655 | 0 | in these camps . = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] | unorganized | organized | resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a multiethnic , |
| 158680696 | 1 | smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes | , hinting at the fascist quisling croatian state from the ii | . ww and to legitimise serbian uprisings in croatia . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav | |
| 158830225 | 1 | and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party | headed by joe bauer | ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the | |
| 158835875 | 1 | and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party | headed by joe bauer | ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the | |
| 160502277 | 1 | on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht | heer ]] ' ' ) | . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established | |
| 3 | yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi puppet - state | ]] | , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the ustaše that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . | ||
| 24 | hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi puppet | - | state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the ustaše that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 | ||
| 160502970 | 0 | , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the | german air force ( ' ' | [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany | |
| 160655265 | 0 | policy , declaring [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma ]] the enemies of the state , in what was to become the begginning of the [[ jasenovac | concetration | concentration | camp | genocide ]] < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] < |
| 160691054 | 0 | gordon williamson < / ref > . by the end of the april 1941 , [[ independent state of croatia ]] has been created , as a chief [[ nazi ]] | sattelite | satellite | in the region . it has aquired [[ fascist ]] racial policy , declaring [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma ]] the enemies of the state , |
| 162279606 | 1 | > . = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized | a | resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a multiethnic , | |
| 162982466 | 1 | [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp | children in jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] | --> | first anti - fascist armed unit in europe was marked in brezovica forest near croatian town of [[ sisak ]] ( 60 kilometres south of zagreb ) where , at [[ | |
| 171318543 | 1 | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks | ( who later openly collaborated with | the german occupation forces ) , a multiethnic , though largely serb , royalist guerilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined | |
| 172686144 | 2 | been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , radical albanians formed the terrorist organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] | which carried out armed actions against civilian populations in the southern serbian province | . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] | |
| 175989337 | 0 | 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf | hitler | hitler ]] | jhonny debtt | then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been |
| 175991488 | 0 | 2 < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the | [[ nazism | nazis ]] | bogger eatersá | organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a |
| 175991613 | 0 | 2 < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the | bogger eatersá | [[ nazism | nazis ]] | organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a |
| 184062418 | 0 | [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , | [[ | serbs , gypsies and jews , one of them being [[ jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these | |
| 188801104 | 1 | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization | that pursued [[ nazi ]] policies | . aleksandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of | |
| 191311667 | 0 | ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization . | aleksandar | alexsandar | was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | |
| 192073726 | 12 | [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in exile was recognized and supported by allied forces . in 1943 , the communist | - | led resistance movement proclaimed a new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in [[ 1946 ]] , the country was renamed to federal | |
| 192075557 | 23 | axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in exile was recognised and supported by [[ allies of world war ii | allied forces | ]] | . in 1943 , the communist - led resistance movement proclaimed a new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in [[ 1946 ]] | |
| 24 | eleven days later . the legal royal government in exile was recognised and supported by [[ allies of world war ii | allied forces ]] . in 1943 , the communist | - | led resistance movement proclaimed a new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in [[ 1946 ]] , the country was renamed to federal | ||
| 193089433 | 0 | the first anti - fascist armed unit in europe was marked in brezovica forest near croatian town of [[ sisak ]] ( 60 kilometres south of zagreb ) where , at [[ june 22 ]] [[ 1941 ]] . , local anti - fascist formed [[ prvi sisački partizanski odred ]] ( ' ' first sisak partisan squad ' ' ) . | the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable | ||
| 195260112 | 0 | / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} | yugoslavs | yugoslav ' s | opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , |
| 1 | towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a multiethnic , though largely serb , royalist | guerilla | guerrilla | army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' | |
| 197533679 | 0 | / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} | yugoslav ' s opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , serb royalist guerrilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( ' ' narodno oslobodilačka vojska ' ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a croatian national . chetniks were allies of united states in europe and they saved over 150 american pilots during operation : " vazdušni most " . the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign | ign | which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well |
| 206785833 | 8 | vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a | croatian separatist | nudist and anarchist | organization . alexsandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter iv of yugoslavia | peter iv ] and a regency council and married his cousin [[ prince paul |
| 9 | ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization . | alexsandar | alexandar | was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter iv of yugoslavia | peter iv ] and a regency council and married his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | | |
| 206801668 | 18 | from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ canada ]] , a nudist and anarchist organization . | alexandar | alexsandar | was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter xxxxiv of yugoslavia | peter xxxxiv ] and a regency council and married his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | |
| 206809460 | 10 | to the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country by this name was " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in 1943 by the communist | ]] | resistance movement in world war ii . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1956 , when a communist government was established . | |
| 11 | that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country by this name was " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in 1943 by the communist resistance movement in | [[ | world war ii . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1956 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , | ||
| 212501309 | 0 | / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} | yugoslav ' s | yugoslavs | opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , |
| 214618266 | 0 | being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested | ans | and | some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats |
| 214707204 | 0 | the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip | " tito " | broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered | |
| 3 | [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz | tito | was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his | ||
| 214793779 | 0 | of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip " tito " broz | tito | was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his | |
| 2 | the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip | " tito " | broz was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from | ||
| 231804261 | 2 | allied personnel were awarded the medal for the liberation of belgrade from 21st june 1961 . ]] during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans | ( yugoslavia ) | | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nov organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian | |
| 231807278 | 0 | / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} | yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a | from the start , the yugoslav | resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , serb royalist guerrilla |
| 12 | and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions because of german reprisals against the serb | civilian population . for every killed soldier | nationalist militia | , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the | |
| 14 | ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions because of german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , | and for each wounded , they killed 50 | ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 | . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov | |
| 29 | ]] --> the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially | made notable incursions and were | supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions because of german reprisals against the serb civilian population | ||
| 231807706 | 4 | croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . one such camp was [[ jasenovac concentration camp | | jasenovac | ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia | |
| 231810308 | 11 | the government = = = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip | |||
| 12 | = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | | ||||
| 13 | unsourced image removed : [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] celebration | . | ]] --> on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito | ||
| 232960648 | 2 | nationalist faction called the [[ ustashe ]] which committed genocide against serbs . some bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs . in response extreme serb nationalists engaged in | revenge | attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned | |
| 241638823 | 7 | but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , while cooperating with the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement | transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : | would complete | the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , |
| 12 | national . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were | initially | supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , while cooperating with the occupation forces to an | ||
| 241739997 | 4 | national . the chetniks initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were | initially | supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon drawn into combat with the partisans . before the end of the war , | |
| 8 | exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon drawn into combat with the partisans . before the end of the war , the chetnik movement | would complete | transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : | the single largest evacuation of american forces behind enemy lines . the [[ chetniks and partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of | |
| 241788753 | 0 | of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi | germany | german | italians | ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and [[ hungary | hungarian ]] forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) |
| 243549350 | 5 | of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist | passions | assions | . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other [[ europe ]] an powers stemming from developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany |
| 243549424 | 5 | of fugoslavia | alexander iv ]] banned national political parties in 1529 , assumed executive power and renamed the country fugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist | assions | passions | . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other [[ europe ]] an powers stemming from developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany |
| 245699744 | 0 | ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization . | alexsandar | alexander | was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | |
| 247526939 | 1 | = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi | italians | ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] | |
| 257369712 | 0 | = = from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . | with the prople . | with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian | |
| 258138952 | 1 | = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazism | | nazi | german | ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] |
| 258586361 | 0 | their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces | by the | with | secessionist forces . when in august 1990 croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns |
| 267655179 | 1 | . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general dušan simović | ]] | seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers | |
| 269631355 | 0 | = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] | * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] | * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of | |
| 269647500 | 0 | = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] | * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] | * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of | |
| 269710068 | 0 | [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to | secede from | cede | power peacefully . other yugoslav republics - especially serbia - were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g |
| 284695040 | 25 | officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] | [[ puppet | . | state ]] , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its |
| 53 | the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | | imoro | vmro | ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on november 27 | |
| 77 | italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] | . one such camp was the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . a large number of men , women | and children , jews , serbs , and croat resistance members , were murdered in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / | ||
| 293410555 | 1 | jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war | ii ) | }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with | |
| 313663539 | 6 | seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army | - | – | houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana - zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport |
| 314884067 | 2 | and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , | while cooperating with | rather than | the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis |
| 314888561 | 4 | and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , | rather than | while cooperating with | the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref |
| 315047149 | 2 | and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , | while cooperating with | rather than | the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis |
| 315141168 | 4 | and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , | rather than | while cooperating with | the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref |
| 315205975 | 2 | and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , | while cooperating with | rather than | the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis |
| 319569174 | 11 | initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . | by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > | the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle | |
| 319589909 | 1 | initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . | by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > | the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle | |
| 319701637 | 11 | initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . | by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > | the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle | |
| 319852932 | 1 | initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . | by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > | the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle | |
| 321353370 | 0 | an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization | ] | . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of |
| 321364993 | 2 | an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | ] | ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization | . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of |
| 321366575 | 0 | official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] | in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization | . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of | |
| 321368159 | 2 | official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] | in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization | . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of | |
| 321386315 | 1 | death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] = = serbian pro german sentiments = = | = | pro - axis support of the serbian controlled yugoslav government moved prince paul of yugoslavia gradually away from france and toward germany . in 1936 hitler decided to endorse the government | |
| 323187530 | 0 | initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . | by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > | the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle | |
| 323187800 | 0 | initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . | by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > | the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle | |
| 323414203 | 0 | initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . | by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > | the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle | |
| 323748841 | 1 | initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . | by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > | the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle | |
| 335738171 | 0 | heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans | ( dickheads - from louis zell in weha ) | initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the | |
| 335738313 | 0 | heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans | ( dickheads - from louis zell in weha ) | initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the | |
| 337482203 | 1 | / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center - [[ yad vashem ]] | | language = english | | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > ' ' see : [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ' ' = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = | |
| 347164096 | 9 | file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who | had | wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many | |
| 353296627 | 1 | allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into | a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent | more lives lost . if you want more info | on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , |
| 367694598 | 12 | seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army | – | — | houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana – zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport |
| 369520199 | 1 | the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic | ]] [[ stress ( biological ) | | tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of | |
| 405575485 | 0 | was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement | in | during | [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , |
| 405575792 | 0 | single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] | , that | . it | culminated in the realization of the ideal with the 1918 collapse of [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austria - hungary ]] at the end of [[ world war |
| 405576186 | 1 | official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] | in | with | the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii |
| 405577552 | 0 | ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] | . | , | with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the |
| 2 | draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign | which was | that | developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , | |
| 8 | carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied | the | supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in | ||
| 13 | western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans | , | rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . | ||
| 14 | focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia | , | completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 | ||
| 441313646 | 25 | seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army | — | – | houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana — zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport |
| 51 | yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a [[ communist | ]] | government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , | ||
| 57 | and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists | ]] | and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these | ||
| 68 | occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist | ]] | militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region | ||
| 76 | of yugoslavia | marshal ]] josip broz tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist | ]] | state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world | ||
| 104 | were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . | josip broz | tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s | ||
| 478217075 | 7 | officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement during | [[ | world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it | |
| 482751494 | 0 | stemming from developments in italy and germany , where fascists and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | | stalin | ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed | |
| 495585894 | 9 | officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement during | [[ | world war ii . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was | |
| 495666744 | 19 | [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > = = = national liberation war = = = {{ main | national liberation war ( | yugoslavia | world war ii | ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] , with |
| 28 | events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisans ]] resistance movement during | [[ | world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it | ||
| 495668696 | 11 | officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement during | [[ | world war ii . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was | |
| 499296493 | 1 | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , until 2003 . = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} originating from [[ pan - slavism ]] ideologies , | yugoslavia was ultimately the idea for | as | a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement |
| 5 | single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] | of the 19th century | . coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom | ||
| 553741021 | 0 | first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( | “police ” | " police " | ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed |
| 562701743 | 6 | of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisans ]] resistance | movement during [[ world war ii | ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again | |
| 563181699 | 3 | seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army | – | , including | houses and a church . a civilian airport , along with a hangar and airliners inside it was bombarded ; truck drivers on the road from ljubljana to zagreb and austrian |
| 591686979 | 0 | flag and / or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . = = the 1948 jugoslavia - soviet split = = | {{ further | tito – stalin split }} | the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to socialism under the | |
| 594475714 | 9 | 5 : 12 & nbsp ; am on 6 april 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . | | invaded yugoslavia ]] | . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on 17 april , representatives of yugoslavia | |
| 607380427 | 1 | italy ( 1861 – 1946 ) | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] | which committed genocide {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} against serbs | . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only | |
| 616726337 | 12 | abdicate . on 31 january 1946 , the new [[ 1946 yugoslav constitution | constitution ]] of [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the [[ soviet union | ]] | , established six republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . { | class | |
| 616888308 | 18 | in august 1990 , croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns ( yugolsavian army | ' s | barracks ) , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organized armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( " police " ) and civilians | |
| 622094862 | 2 | experienced marksman from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] with the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary | organization | organisation | . alexander was succeeded by his eleven - year - old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin , [[ |
| 664104036 | 0 | cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to socialism under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . | all | the country criticised both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , |
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| 823595 | 2 | ' yugoslavia ' ' ' has been a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] | and | , | renamed kingdom of yugoslavia in [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( petar ii [[ karadjordjevic ]] | |||
| 904667 | 2 | " kingdom of yugoslavia " in [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | | petar ii karad & # 382 ; ord & # 382 ; evi & # 263 ; | ]] was the last king ) under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent of | ||||
| 952944 | 0 | of yugoslavia " in [[ 1929 ]] . after the [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communist state ]] , ( [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | petar ii | karad & # 382 ; ord & # 382 ; evi | karadjordjevi | & # 263 ; ]] was the last king ) established on [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito | |||
| 1288560 | 0 | kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which existed from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1941 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes | ' ' ' | ]] | , from 1918 to [[ 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to 1941 . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | |||
| 1296386 | 1 | because there were large ethnic minorities within the various countries ( serbian regions in croatia and bosnia , [[ croatia | croatian ]] in bosnia , [[ albanians | albanians ]] | s | in serbia and [[ f . y . r . o . m . ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] in serbia ) , this was used as the cause | ||||
| 1298298 | 4 | jugos % b3awia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is term casually used for any of following political entities : * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes | ]] | ' ' ' | , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , from [[ | |||
| 2808593 | 1 | ' means south ) . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes | ]] | ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until | ||||
| 8865300 | 0 | means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenes | slovenians | ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name | |||
| 9106850 | 0 | means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenians | slovenes | ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name | |||
| 9341361 | 3 | of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and | of [[ | kosovo was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milo & # 353 | ||||
| 10034644 | 3 | 1992 ]] together with bosnia and herzegovina , albeit only two out of the three constitutive peoples of bh did so , the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslims ]] and croats | resulted in a yes vote in the referendum , and the republic ' s government declared its independence | . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a | ||||
| 4 | followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia and herzegovina , albeit only two out of the three constitutive peoples of bh did so , the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslims | ]] | and croats . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued | |||||
| 11392211 | 0 | than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs | , jews | and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] | ||||
| 12429233 | 7 | at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] | , and [[ bulgaria ]] n | forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions | ||||
| 12432682 | 1 | at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] and [[ hungary | hungarian ]] | , and [[ bulgaria ]] n | forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions | ||||
| 18469162 | 1 | army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan | mesic | mesić | | stipe mesi & # 263 ; ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovsek | janez drnov & # 353 ; ek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski | |||
| 9 | ]] , [[ hinko hinkovic | hinko hinkovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ franko potocnjak | franko poto & # 269 ; njak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola | stojanovic | nikola | stojanovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ dusan vasiljevic | du & # 353 ; an vasiljevi & # 263 ; ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ | |||||
| 29 | led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav | kostunica | vojislav | ko & # 353 ; tunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . on [[ april 1 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milo & # | |||||
| 22785116 | 27 | but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ franjo | tu & # 273 ; man | tuđman | ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march [[ 1990 ]] , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( | |||
| 30670821 | 2 | - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] | velichko kerin ( more popular with his revolutionary pseudonym vlado chernozemski ) | . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] ( petar ii ) , was a child , so power fell into the hands of | ||||
| 35562548 | 3 | . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ january 6 ]] , 1929 and existed under that name until | it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulated only 11 days after , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] | ||||
| 39759285 | 0 | and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | | croatian | croat ]] - [[ slovenian | slovenian | ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in | |||
| 42217788 | 1 | ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] cyrillic | ]] | ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] | ||||
| 43367294 | 2 | in the province . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the principle slavs , mainly serbs | , were | ) was falling | fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the | |||
| 48004378 | 1 | of a joint country of south slavs , by politicians from [[ croatia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , which were then both in the [[ austro - hungarian | monarchy | empire | ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ hinko hinković ]] | |||
| 49801930 | 0 | they even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on 2 milion serbs ( | 25 | 20 | % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of | |||
| 51123816 | 20 | world war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and | slovenians in december of 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million or 38 . 8 per cent were | serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ | ||||
| 41 | - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats | and slovenes ]] " | . in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as possible was a priority . disagreements | |||||
| 55039433 | 1 | ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] | ' ' југославија ' ' | ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe | ||||
| 55508263 | 3 | - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo | tuđman | tudman | ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights " , | |||
| 55551088 | 4 | - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kucan ]] and [[ franjo | tudman | tuđman | ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights " , | |||
| 56714534 | 4 | of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] | ' ' | ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ | ||||
| 59585628 | 1 | 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new state of the slovenes , croats and serbs | ]] | . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state abroad . however quarrels broke out immediately about the terms of the proposed union with serbia . svetozar | ||||
| 59612233 | 9 | ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . # the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes | ]] | ' ' ' was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ | ||||
| 11 | ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian hegemonism . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and | of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by 1999 they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the federal army was ordered by yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the most time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia as to devolve power even more to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights " , the serbs were stripped of their national and constitutional rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as republic of serbian krajina ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a video of secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in split ( croatia ) , a young yugoslav conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia - hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . slovenia was accused of shooting them , which was later proven a farce , since all three soldiers are still alive . more information is available under [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia article . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting the serbs from new croatian army disguised as police force . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbo - montenegrin border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ imoro ]] ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all three nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were ignored , though such decision should be supported by all bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republics of serbia and montenegro . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] which carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until the milošević ' s government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] , [[ 2000 ]] . [[ image : banknoteyug . jpg | 300px | left | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] bill of 50 & nbsp ; [[ billion ]] [[ yugoslavia dinar | dinars ]] ( 1993 ) ]] on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] . on [[ april 11 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of montenegro from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favour of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 . * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 . * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 . * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 093 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 . * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 . * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 700px | thumb | center | countries of former yugoslavia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . republic of macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard media view of what happened in yugoslavia ] from emperor ' s clothes * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milošević ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net – covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ( desambiguación ) ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | ||||||
| 59612315 | 0 | ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian hegemonism . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and | of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by 1999 they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the federal army was ordered by yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the most time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia as to devolve power even more to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights " , the serbs were stripped of their national and constitutional rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as republic of serbian krajina ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a video of secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in split ( croatia ) , a young yugoslav conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia - hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . slovenia was accused of shooting them , which was later proven a farce , since all three soldiers are still alive . more information is available under [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia article . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting the serbs from new croatian army disguised as police force . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbo - montenegrin border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ imoro ]] ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all three nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were ignored , though such decision should be supported by all bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republics of serbia and montenegro . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] which carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until the milošević ' s government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] , [[ 2000 ]] . [[ image : banknoteyug . jpg | 300px | left | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] bill of 50 & nbsp ; [[ billion ]] [[ yugoslavia dinar | dinars ]] ( 1993 ) ]] on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] . on [[ april 11 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of montenegro from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favour of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 . * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 . * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 . * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 093 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 . * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 . * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 700px | thumb | center | countries of former yugoslavia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . republic of macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard media view of what happened in yugoslavia ] from emperor ' s clothes * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milošević ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net – covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ( desambiguación ) ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | |||||
| 62752814 | 0 | [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenes | slovenians | ' ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] | |||
| 1 | small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs , croats and | slovenes | slovenians | , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , | ||||
| 2 | in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation of the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and | slovenes | slovenians | were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and | ||||
| 3 | vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenes | slovenians | and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on | ||||
| 6 | of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenes | slovenians | was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} | ||||
| 7 | , hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenes | slovenians | ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire | ||||
| 62759570 | 0 | [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenians | slovenes | ' ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] | |||
| 62759735 | 0 | small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs , croats and | slovenians | slovenes | , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , | |||
| 1 | in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation of the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and | slovenians | slovenes | were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and | ||||
| 2 | vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenians | slovenes | and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenians , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on | ||||
| 5 | of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenians | slovenes | was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} | ||||
| 6 | , hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenians | slovenes | ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire | ||||
| 62778982 | 0 | [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenes | slovenians | ' ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] | |||
| 1 | small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs , croats and | slovenes | slovenians | , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , | ||||
| 2 | in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation of the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and | slovenes | slovenians | were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and | ||||
| 3 | vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenes | slovenians | and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on | ||||
| 6 | of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenes | slovenians | was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} | ||||
| 7 | , hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenes | slovenians | ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire | ||||
| 62785123 | 0 | [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenians | slovenes | ' ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] | |||
| 1 | small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs , croats and | slovenians | slovenes | , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , | ||||
| 2 | in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation of the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and | slovenians | slovenes | were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and | ||||
| 3 | vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenians | slovenes | and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenians , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on | ||||
| 6 | of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenians | slovenes | was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} | ||||
| 7 | , hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenians | slovenes | ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire | ||||
| 63135279 | 2 | during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means land of the south [[ slavs ]] | ' ' | ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . # the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' | ||||
| 63135388 | 3 | monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes | ' | ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] . it was | ||||
| 63138218 | 7 | relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs , croats | ]] | and slovenes , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , | ||||
| 8 | small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs , croats and | [[ | slovenes , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina | |||||
| 9 | numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs , croats and slovenes | ]] | , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , | |||||
| 63327901 | 8 | of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in | [[ | december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million ( 38 . 8 percent ) were serbs and 2 . 8 million ( 23 | ||||
| 35 | succeeded by prince aleksandar ii karađorđević . croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes | were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the slovenes understood that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this came about in 1945 . however , the yugoslav slovenes | ]] | benefited from the new state receiving all they had previously lacked , in addition to access to high schools and universities . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro | ||||
| 88 | its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by fascist italy and nazi germany , croatian leader vlatko macek and his party managed the creation of the croatian banovina | ]] | ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations | |||||
| 63330276 | 11 | than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs | ]] | , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] [[ image : radovna _ spomenik . jpg | thumb | a memorial erected to the memory | ||||
| 12 | three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , | [[ | jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] [[ image : radovna _ spomenik . jpg | thumb | a memorial erected to the memory of | |||||
| 13 | hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews | ]] | and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] [[ image : radovna _ spomenik . jpg | thumb | a memorial erected to the memory of villagers | |||||
| 14 | thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and | [[ roma | | gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] [[ image : radovna _ spomenik . jpg | thumb | a memorial erected to the memory of villagers of | |||||
| 30 | life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and bogoljub kočović | ]] | , an estimate accepted by the [[ un ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia | |||||
| 63521475 | 96 | demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as republic of serbian krajina | ]] | ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - | ||||
| 110 | tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna | ' ' | ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare | |||||
| 119 | [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina | ]] | voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] | |||||
| 139 | three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs | ]] | , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that | |||||
| 65402197 | 0 | . [[ image : banknoteyug . jpg | 300px | left | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] bill of 50 & nbsp ; [[ billion ]] [[ yugoslav dinar | | dinara | dinars | ]] ( 1993 ) ]] on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a | |||
| 69732942 | 1 | serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , bačka | ]] | and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared a carve - up of croat lands between serbia and italy . there were also quarrels about the designation and | ||||
| 72739376 | 0 | . m . on [[ april 6th ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] | {{ fact }} | , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17th ]] , representatives | ||||
| 72749790 | 0 | . m . on [[ april 6th ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] | {{ fact }} | , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17th ]] , representatives | ||||
| 80314145 | 6 | ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army - narodno oslobodilacka vojska ]] ( | nov | nla | ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and | |||
| 80546909 | 1 | ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno oslobodilacka vojska ( | nov | nla | ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and | |||
| 83667331 | 4 | ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno oslobodilacka vojska ( | nvo | nov | ) , the only true resistance against the nazis in yugoslavia during the wwii led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | | |||
| 83862003 | 10 | [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes | ' ' . it was | " after [[ world war i ]] and | re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 | |||
| 85267048 | 0 | remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = | the | cheeeeeeeeezythe | first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers | |||
| 85267502 | 0 | remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = | cheeeeeeeeezythe | the | first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers | |||
| 86212172 | 3 | ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenes | sleeveless | " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded | |||
| 92027256 | 4 | varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , slovenian , croatian , bosnian | language | bosnian ]] | , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south | ||||
| 5 | over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , slovenian , croatian , bosnian , | or | ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs | |||||
| 98950352 | 0 | the serbs and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some elements in the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslim ]] | population | - population to bolster their rule . there has been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the | ||||
| 99559260 | 2 | ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno oslobodilacka vojska | ( | ' ' or | nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder | |||
| 99751122 | 1 | ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] | ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) | . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the | ||||
| 101445916 | 3 | ]] . during this time croatia along with bosnian muslims created concentration camps for serbs , roma , and jews , one of the most famous being [[ jasenovac ]] . | estimates point that up to 800 , 000 | a large number of | men , women and children were executed in these camps , most of whom were serbs . croatia , nazis and vatican had a plan to kill a third of serbs | |||
| 5 | being [[ jasenovac ]] . estimates point that up to 800 , 000 men , women and children were executed in these camps , most of whom were serbs . croatia | , nazis and vatican had a plan | planned | to kill a third of serbs , convert a third , and ethnically cleanse the last third . = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' | ||||
| 107864960 | 10 | yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav | ]] conscript | army soldier drove a tank through the mass and | was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , | |||
| 19 | only relative dominion over yugoslavia . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] | as the most numerous people | in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because | |||||
| 107899114 | 0 | serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] contributed significantly to the rise of serbian nationalism , as it drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] | as the most numerous people | in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . serbia | ||||
| 121446205 | 2 | as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic latinic transliterations | | latinic | latin alphabet | ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three | |||
| 125725649 | 9 | ]] dynasty . = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and | serbs took | jewstook | power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor ( or parliament ) declared independence and vested its sovereignty | |||
| 135155283 | 13 | ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs | ( having in mind croatian serbs ) | should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but | ||||
| 135158463 | 8 | turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and the newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . | it is interesting that the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs . | the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant | ||||
| 142795804 | 1 | , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp | serbian children in jasenovac | concentration camp | ]] ]] first anti - fascist armed unit in europe was marked in brezovica forest near croatian town of [[ sisak ]] ( 60 kilometres south of zagreb ) where , | ||||
| 150932203 | 26 | the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] became more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia | ]] | ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] . in 1915 , | ||||
| 53 | of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , [[ bačka ]] | and parts of dalmatia | . croat members of the committee feared a carve - up of croat lands between serbia and italy . there were also quarrels about the designation and command of units of | |||||
| 158682783 | 0 | independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government | ; it | . the referendum | was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . it is interesting that the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs . | |||
| 184062418 | 1 | bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , serbs | ]] | , gypsies and jews , one of them being [[ jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps | ||||
| 2 | ]] , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , serbs , | [[ | gypsies and jews , one of them being [[ jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . | |||||
| 3 | , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , serbs , gypsies | ]] | and jews , one of them being [[ jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . members | |||||
| 4 | [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , serbs , gypsies and | [[ | jews , one of them being [[ jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . members of | |||||
| 196695715 | 0 | _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic | peoples | penis | ]] emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . during the early period of [[ world | |||
| 201089168 | 0 | , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " | . | re - named " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named once again on [[ 6 january ]] [[ 1929 | ||||
| 201109080 | 2 | , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " | re - named | ( slovene : država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov ; croatian : država slovenaca , hrvata i srba ; serbian : држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ) . the country was established on 29 october 1918 . it lasted only for a month ; on 1 december 1918 it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia " ( serbian : краљевина србија to form | " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named once again on [[ 6 january ]] [[ 1929 ]] by [[ | |||
| 3 | ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " re - named " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " | after [[ world war | ( serbian : краљевина срба , хрвата и словенаца ; croatian : kraljevina srba , hrvata | i ]] and re - named once again on [[ 6 january ]] [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april | ||||
| 201109212 | 0 | on 29 october 1918 . it lasted only for a month ; on 1 december 1918 it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia " ( serbian : краљевина србија | ) | to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( serbian : краљевина срба , хрвата и словенаца ; croatian : kraljevina srba , hrvata i slovenaca ; slovene | ||||
| 203556024 | 6 | first country was called " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " ( slovene : država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov ; croatian : država slovenaca , hrvata i srba | ; serbian : | / | држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ) . the country was established on 29 october 1918 . it lasted only for a month ; on 1 december 1918 it joined together | |||
| 7 | croats and serbs " ( slovene : država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov ; croatian : država slovenaca , hrvata i srba ; serbian : држава словенаца , хрвата и срба | ; | ) . the country was established on 29 october 1918 . it lasted only for a month ; on 1 december 1918 it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia | |||||
| 13 | the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbian : краљевина југославија ; croatian , slovene : | kraljevina jugoslavija ) | кралство југославија | . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in | ||||
| 203556486 | 1 | to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( serbian : краљевина срба , хрвата и словенаца ; croatian : kraljevina srba , hrvata i slovenaca ; slovene | ]] | : kraljevina srbov , hrvatov in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( | ||||
| 206751541 | 2 | [[ vojvodina ]] . the first country was called " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] : država slovenaca , hrvata i srba | ' ' | / држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците ) . | ||||
| 24 | together with the " kingdom of serbia " ( kraljevina srbija / краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( [[ serbo - croatian | ]] | : kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на | |||||
| 27 | 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbo - croatian and slovene ( latin only ) : kraljevina jugoslavija / краљевина југославија ; [[ macedonian | ]] | : кралство југославија . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal | |||||
| 206802676 | 7 | henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbo - croatian and slovene ( latin only ) : kraljevina jugoslavija / краљевина југославија ; macedonian : кралство југославија | ) | . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in | ||||
| 9 | vojvodina ]] . the first country was called " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " ( {{ lang - sh | ' ' država slovenaca , hrvata i srba | ' ' | / држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ; {{ lang - sl | ' ' država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov ' ' ; {{ lang - mk | кралство на | |||||
| 231803887 | 6 | alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic | alphabet | script | ]] ) and in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " , or literally ' ' the land of [[ | |||
| 10 | in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] | ' ' | " | ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be | ||||
| 30 | the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes | " | . it was established on [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom | |||||
| 237266610 | 1 | . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] | , and [[ bulgaria ]] n | forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 | ||||
| 247526130 | 1 | jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ | tension | stress ( biological ) | tensions | ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of | |||
| 247526296 | 10 | . the lands previously in austria - hungary that formed the new state included [[ croatia ]] , [[ slavonia ]] and [[ vojvodina ]] from the [[ hungary | hungarian | ]] | part of the empire , [[ carniola ]] , part of [[ styria ( duchy ) | styria ]] and most of [[ dalmatia ]] from the [[ cisleithania | austrian | ||||
| 22 | }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi italians ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and [[ hungary | hungarian | ]] | forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , | |||||
| 248503349 | 0 | to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . | it is interesting that | the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % | ||||
| 257767654 | 16 | [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 - 1963 ) | autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] | | < center > [[ image : flag of sr serbia | . * [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for | ||||
| 284695040 | 22 | italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia | croatian banovina ]] ( | administrative province | during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned , in the internal matters the state was a police one , communist ideas were banned also | ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul | |||
| 69 | | serbian ]] languages . the sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian | or croato - serbian | was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy | |||||
| 286259270 | 0 | time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] | oposing | opposing | its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav | |||
| 296544611 | 1 | country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes | ]] | . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to | ||||
| 296544910 | 1 | to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes | ]] | . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to | ||||
| 309709714 | 3 | first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and | slovenes | quebeckers | . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to | |||
| 315714843 | 0 | [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , | ( bosniaks ) | [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav | ||||
| 315714928 | 0 | ]] , hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , ( bosniaks | ) | , | [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav | |||
| 1 | [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , | ( | bosniaks ) [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | |||||
| 315753016 | 1 | [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , | [[ | bosniaks , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | ||||
| 2 | bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , bosniaks | ]] | , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | | |||||
| 318046156 | 35 | center > | - | 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ novi sad ]] | | < center > [[ file | : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] | ||||
| 332523022 | 1 | country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes | ' ' | . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to | ||||
| 336062233 | 4 | [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , | [[ bosniaks ]] | but include 37 | , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | | |||
| 5 | hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , | [[ gypsies ]] , | 000 | [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war | ||||
| 337642740 | 12 | be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes | ' ' | . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to | ||||
| 337768752 | 6 | ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes | ' ' | . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , | ||||
| 337769009 | 13 | be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes | ' ' | . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to | ||||
| 337769485 | 6 | ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes | ' ' | . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , | ||||
| 337777732 | 13 | be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes | ' ' | . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to | ||||
| 338545828 | 6 | ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes | which before 3 october 1929 was | . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , | ||||
| 346898017 | 4 | , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | alphabet | cyrillic script | ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities | ||||
| 347164096 | 11 | croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs | upon | ahead of | croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = | |||
| 12 | ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia | declaring | ' s | independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 | ||||
| 353731294 | 3 | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија | ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " | ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . | ||||
| 354761080 | 1 | ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | | cyrillic | ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the | ||||
| 354908464 | 0 | - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian | cyrillic | cyrillic | ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the | |||
| 354909728 | 1 | yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian | cyrillic | cyrillic | ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the | |||
| 355118605 | 0 | - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian | cyrillic | cyrillic | ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the | |||
| 355118834 | 1 | yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian | cyrillic | cyrillic | ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the | |||
| 355178619 | 0 | - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian | cyrillic | cyrillic | ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the | |||
| 355183281 | 1 | yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian | cyrillic | cyrillic | ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the | |||
| 355196149 | 0 | - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian | cyrillic | cyrillic | ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the | |||
| 355244341 | 1 | yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian | cyrillic | cyrillic | ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the | |||
| 355305891 | 0 | - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian | cyrillic | cyrillic | ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the | |||
| 355311381 | 1 | yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian | cyrillic | cyrillic | ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the | |||
| 355312200 | 0 | - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian | cyrillic | cyrillic | ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the | |||
| 355312326 | 1 | yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian | cyrillic | cyrillic | ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the | |||
| 355362727 | 0 | - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian | cyrillic | cyrillic | ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the | |||
| 355364967 | 1 | yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian | cyrillic | cyrillic | ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the | |||
| 400599300 | 0 | , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic | | cyrillic | ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the | ||||
| 405576490 | 1 | , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism , the victims were predominantly [[ serbs ]] , but | include | included | 37 , 000 [[ jews ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft | |||
| 2 | around 500 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism , the victims were predominantly [[ serbs ]] | , | but include 37 , 000 [[ jews ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf | |||||
| 405577552 | 12 | main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] | , | and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by | ||||
| 441313646 | 106 | build a [[ multinational state ]] . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian | ]] | ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ kingdom of italy ( 1861 – 1946 ) | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany | ||||
| 131 | its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs | ]] | , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the police forces of the republic of croatia who were trying | |||||
| 535746526 | 0 | ]] }} formed in 1918 immediately after world war i as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes by union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs | | state of serbs , croats and slovenes | ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . commonly called at the time a " [[ treaty of versailles | versailles ]] state " . renamed to and first official | ||||
| 535753218 | 0 | ]] }} formed in 1918 immediately after world war i as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes by union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs | | state of serbs , croats and slovenes | ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . commonly called at the time a " [[ treaty of versailles | versailles ]] state " . renamed to and first official | ||||
| 562701743 | 2 | , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans | | partisans ]] | partisan | resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . | |||
| 568241997 | 5 | murdered around 500 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | | serbians | ]] but included 37 , 000 jews . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / | ||||
| 578690791 | 8 | ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' , was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] | and | ( itself formed from territories of | the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which had annexed the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] on 13 november ) . the conference of ambassadors in paris gave international recognition to | |||
| 578738507 | 6 | . }} ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) , formed in 1918 | }} | as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' , was a country in the western part of [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th | |||
| 606596060 | 1 | _ 06 . html ] {{ dead link | date = april 2013 }} < / ref > = = world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan _ stevo | _ | filipović . jpg | thumb | right | 150px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! | ||||
| 607835923 | 1 | , usa : abc - clio , 2005 . pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes | ' | ' ' , by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire | ||||
| 607836248 | 0 | - clio , 2005 . pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' | , | by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with | ||||
| 608603912 | 0 | - clio , 2005 . pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' | {{ note | note1 = bosniaks ( muslims ) are not mentioned in state name for anti - muslim policy during that times }} | by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with | ||||
| 608604340 | 3 | . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' {{ note | note1 = bosniaks | ( muslims ) | ]] / [[ bosnians ]] | are not mentioned in state name for anti - muslim policy during that times }} by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( | |||
| 608659516 | 0 | - clio , 2005 . pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' | {{ efn - lr | 3 = [[ bosniaks ]] / [[ bosnians ]] are not mentioned in state name due yugoslav policy against muslim people . }} | by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with | ||||
| 610972401 | 1 | the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] | ( | , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , | itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] and [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] . the | |||
| 611526697 | 0 | ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional state of [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] | , | ( | itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] and [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] . the | |||
| 611563753 | 2 | ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional state of [[ serbs ]] | , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] ( | ( | itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] and [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] . the | |||
| 3 | of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] and [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] . the [[ serbs | serbian | ]] | royal | [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris . < ref > | ||||
| 614352588 | 0 | 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between orthodox [[ serbs ]] , catholic [[ croats ]] , and muslim [[ bosniaks ]] and | [[ albanians ]] alongside | the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref name = " atheism . about . com " / > = = = government = | ||||
| 616888308 | 20 | backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] | ) in croatia | . the federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to the home guard ) in 1990 but was not | ||||
| 705879445 | 0 | , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | serbians ]] | but included 37 , 000 jews | . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % | ||||
| 705986502 | 0 | , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | serbians ]] | but included 37 , 000 jews | . from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] , with the | ||||
| 1 | 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | serbians ]] . | < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > | from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] , with the former | |||||
| 725921112 | 1 | ]] . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian language | serbian ]] | , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ | |||
| 755859592 | 5 | , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | serbian cyrillic ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија | }} | ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn - | ||||
| 768225465 | 0 | the name of the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs | | state of slovenes , croats and kebab removers | ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . the serbian royal [[ house | ||||
| 768228450 | 1 | the name of the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs | | state of slovenes , croats and kebab removers | ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia | kebab remover ]] . the serbian | ||||
| 769781147 | 0 | | e }} < br / > [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] {{ ref label | f | f }} | religion = | demonym = [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav | , yugoslavian | ]] | currency = [[ yugoslav dinar ]] | , from 1945 to | ||||
| 3 | republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' - article on the republic , 1963 to 1991 . * [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from | 1991 | 1992 | , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1991 to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' ' serbia and | ||||
| 1288560 | 19 | kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to 1941 . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist yugoslavia ]] , which existed from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ | 1992 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1945 to [[ | 1946 ]] , * * ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist | ||||
| 1298298 | 6 | yugoslavia ' ' ' is term casually used for any of following political entities : * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] in | [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1946 ]] | ||||
| 7 | ' is term casually used for any of following political entities : * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] | , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to | and existed under that name until it was invaded in | [[ 1941 ]] * [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1946 ]] , * [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 | ||||
| 12 | [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1946 ]] | , * [[ | changed its name to the ' ' ' | federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1963 to [[ 1992 ]] * federal | ||||
| 16 | * [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1963 to [[ 1992 ]] | * federal republic of yugoslavia | when its constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] | , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , from 2003 onward . see [[ history of yugoslavia ]] for relation among the three . | ||||
| 1377773 | 0 | people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and again in [[ 1963 ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , under which it existed until [[ | 1991 ]] - [[ | 1992 ]] when its constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . as a | ||||
| 1378973 | 0 | into a loose commonwealth and changed its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' ' yu = = see also | : | = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] | ||||
| 1864765 | 0 | _ flag _ medium . png ]] < br > [[ tricolour ]] of yugoslavia < / center > < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is | a | term casually used for three separate political entities . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] under name ' ' ' kingdom of serbs | ||||
| 1984503 | 6 | [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] under the name ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] changed its name to | the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and again in [[ 1963 ]] to the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , under which it existed until [[ 1991 ]] - | [[ 1992 ]] when four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] | ||||
| 2158590 | 0 | s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and in [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , which it was called | from | until | [[ 1991 ]] to [[ 1992 ]] when four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ | |||
| 1 | ' ' ' and in [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , which it was called from [[ 1991 ]] | to | - | [[ 1992 ]] when four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] | ||||
| 2 | in [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , which it was called from [[ 1991 ]] to [[ 1992 ]] | , | when four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . as | |||||
| 2166237 | 0 | [[ tricolour ]] of yugoslavia < / center > < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities . | in serbo - croat , it means " land of southern slavs " from elements of jugo ( south ) , and slavia ( slavs ) . | the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , which | ||||
| 2184776 | 1 | > [[ tricolour ]] of yugoslavia < / center > < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities | that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] | . the name is interpreted to mean ' ' land of south slavs ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . | ||||
| 2 | [[ tricolour ]] of yugoslavia < / center > < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities . | translated , | the name is interpreted to mean ' ' land of south slavs ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . the | |||||
| 3 | ]] of yugoslavia < / center > < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities . the name | is interpreted to mean | means | ' ' land of south slavs ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . the first was a [[ monarchy | | ||||
| 13 | _ medium . png ]] < br > [[ tricolour ]] of yugoslavia < / center > < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a term | casually | used for three separate political entities . the name is interpreted to mean ' ' land of south slavs ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija | |||||
| 2946249 | 1 | kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . | * | the second was a [[ communist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' , | ||||
| 2957603 | 0 | its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * | a federation | the third was | called the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed in [[ 1991 ]] between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . | |||
| 3 | ' was formed in [[ 1991 ]] between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the | two republics formed | state was transformed into | a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : | ||||
| 4155035 | 0 | herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ | 1991 | 1992 | ]] between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a | |||
| 5415837 | 5 | ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] | = = | see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ sfry }} [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : | ||||
| 5747366 | 0 | ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] | = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] is discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after first yugoslavia . | [[ category : former countries ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] | ||||
| 6239846 | 1 | kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . | * the second was a [[ communist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' | they should be terminated | . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of | |||
| 6994800 | 2 | ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . = = yugoslavians are troubling switzerland . they should be terminated . | = = | this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( which includes provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . see also : [[ history of yugoslavia ]] | = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ | |||
| 8640415 | 5 | 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . see also : [[ history of | yugoslavia ]] | the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 093 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 . | = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ | |||
| 8716078 | 2 | ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla staged a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign , and | central europe . | the germans answered by punishing the civil population . this led to great losses for yugoslavia , approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 | ||||
| 3 | a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla staged a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign , and the germans | answered by punishing | response was to punish | the civil population . this led to great losses for yugoslavia , approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 people | ||||
| 4 | member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla staged a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign , and the germans answered by punishing the civil population | . this led | leading | to great losses for yugoslavia , approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 people or 10 % of the population | ||||
| 5 | party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla staged a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign , and the germans answered by punishing the civil population . this led to great | losses for yugoslavia | civilain loss of life | , approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 people or 10 % of the population ) . in liberated territories | ||||
| 7 | , and the germans answered by punishing the civil population . this led to great losses for yugoslavia , approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss | was | is | 1 , 700 , 000 people or 10 % of the population ) . in liberated territories , nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian | ||||
| 8716787 | 0 | a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign which developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the germans response was to punish the civil population | by initiating reprisal killings and by permitting free hand to quisling forces of the government of croatia , | leading to great civilain loss of life , principally among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , who provided the bulk of partisan formations . the current estimate of the [[ | ||||
| 8716833 | 0 | party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign which developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the | germans | german | response was to punish the civil population by initiating reprisal killings and by permitting free hand to quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading to great civilain loss of | |||
| 8718538 | 2 | the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla ]] campaign which developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the | chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but later strayed and lost that support , and also with the population . the | german response was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading to | ||||
| 3 | communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla ]] campaign which developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the german response | to both of these resistance movements | was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading to great civilain | |||||
| 6 | response was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading to great | civilain | civilian | loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided the bulk of partisan formations . the current estimate of the [[ | ||||
| 8 | the government of croatia , leading to great civilain loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided the bulk of | partisan | both rebel | formations . the current estimate of the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . in liberated | ||||
| 13 | war the [[ communism | communist ]] lead the [[ partisans ]] that were opposing the occupation and were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , | but also | who | denied supremacy of the old [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] government . westerner attempts to reunite partisans and emigration loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - subasic agreement | ||||
| 8778698 | 1 | = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in [[ 1980 ]] , ethnic tension grew in yugoslavia . the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] | published | drafted | a memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes | |||
| 7 | into loose confederation of six republics in autumn 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milosevic ]] rejected all such proposals with an argument that all serbs should live in the | [[ greater serbia | | same country ]] . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia - herzegovina , albeit only two | |||||
| 8780980 | 1 | among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided the a large portion of both rebel formations . the current estimate of the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss | is | was | 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia | |||
| 2 | [[ independent state of croatia ]] . this led to great civilian loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided | the | a large portion of both rebel formations . the current estimate of the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the | |||||
| 9341977 | 0 | over . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king | , | led to the [[ tito - subasic agreement ]] in june [[ 1944 ]] , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the | ||||
| 9383013 | 8 | and bosnia ( [[ bogic bogicevic | bogi & # 263 ; bogi & # 263 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] ) voted against . the tie somewhat delayed | escalation of conflicts | conflict | , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , republics of slovenia and croatia proposed to transform yugoslavia into loose confederation of six republics in | |||
| 12 | , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , republics of slovenia and croatia proposed to transform yugoslavia into loose confederation of six republics in | the | autumn 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] rejected all such proposals with an argument that all serbs should live | |||||
| 13 | but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , republics of slovenia and croatia proposed to transform yugoslavia into loose confederation of six republics in autumn | of | 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] rejected all such proposals with an argument that all serbs should live in | |||||
| 15 | 1992 ]] together with bosnia and herzegovina , albeit only by two out of its three constitutive peoples , [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslims ]] and croats . secession of the | new | newly | - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody and gruesome [[ yugoslav wars ]] . it started with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia | ||||
| 20 | ]] ) and bosnia ( [[ bogic bogicevic | bogi & # 263 ; bogi & # 263 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] ) voted against . the tie | somewhat | delayed escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , republics of slovenia and croatia proposed to transform yugoslavia into loose confederation | |||||
| 9469448 | 1 | 269 ; an ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization , to leave the congress in protest . following the " [[ fall of communism ]] " | in | the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected | ||||
| 3 | ) and bosnia ( [[ bogic bogicevic | bogi & # 263 ; bogi & # 263 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed | conflict | an escalation of conflicts | , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics | ||||
| 10162853 | 0 | ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ | communist | socialist | state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ | |||
| 10662657 | 6 | this defiance infuriated [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] , so the axis decided to attack both yugoslavia and greece on [[ april 6 ]] . ( as a result , | hitler had to delay | the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at | ||||
| 12142490 | 0 | ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dusan simovic ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and | instated | ended | the 17 - year old crown prince [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | peter ]] as the new king . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on | |||
| 1 | ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dusan simovic ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and instated the | regency , giving | 17 - year old crown prince [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | peter ]] as the new king . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ | |||||
| 4 | when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dusan simovic ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and instated the 17 | - | year old crown prince [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | peter ]] as the new king . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 | |||||
| 12284637 | 0 | whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezi & # 263 ; kr & # 269 ; un served under tito and then after he started to complain about | his | tito ' s | politics , he was found killed under unknown circumstances . aleksandar rankovi & # 263 ; lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state | |||
| 1 | greatly . slobodan penezi & # 263 ; kr & # 269 ; un served under tito and then after he started to complain about his politics , he was found | killed | dead | under unknown circumstances . aleksandar rankovi & # 263 ; lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government | ||||
| 12496861 | 0 | asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the | balkans | fack | ]] * [[ history of europe ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs | |||
| 12497358 | 0 | asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the | fack | serbs | ]] * [[ history of europe ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs | |||
| 12504162 | 0 | asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the | serbs | balkans | ]] * [[ history of europe ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs | |||
| 12765421 | 2 | main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | marshal tito led yugoslavia from the end of | [[ | world war ii until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | | ||||
| 3 | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | marshal tito led yugoslavia from the end of world war ii | ]] | until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of | |||||
| 4 | of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | marshal tito led yugoslavia from the end of world war ii until his death in | [[ | 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' | |||||
| 5 | yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | marshal tito led yugoslavia from the end of world war ii until his death in 1980 | ]] | . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s | |||||
| 13049340 | 5 | cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in [[ 1974 ]] that gave more rights to the individual republics | and provinces | . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = | ||||
| 13096839 | 0 | kosovo war ]] ) . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to | recognise | recognize | it as a part of serbia . milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new | |||
| 13160678 | 0 | [[ january 15 ]] , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in [[ 1995 ]] with [[ | united states | | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . after some years of peace | ||||
| 13197885 | 0 | . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . after some years of peace , | starting | in [[ 1998 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro | ||||
| 13207640 | 0 | with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . | after some years of peace , | starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction | ||||
| 13337760 | 1 | the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a | belgrade - dominated | federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest | ||||
| 13672323 | 10 | block and together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until it dissolved . | on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . [[ image : balkans02 . jpg | thumb | right | former yugoslavia map ]] in sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was a collective presidency , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezi & # 263 ; kr & # 269 ; un served under tito and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was found dead under unknown circumstances . aleksandar rankovi & # 263 ; lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in the case of [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in [[ 1974 ]] that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in [[ 1980 ]] , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanian majority and the serbian minority in the province . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milosevic | slobodan milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] in january [[ 1990 ]] , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; , insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . this caused the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ ivica racan | ivica ra & # 269 ; an ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest . following the " [[ fall of communism ]] " in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ franjo tudjman | franjo tu & # 273 ; man ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march [[ 1990 ]] , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesic | stipe mesi & # 263 ; ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovsek | janez drnov & # 353 ; ek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia ( [[ bogic bogicevic | bogi & # 263 ; bogi & # 263 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] . bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in the same year ; this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb minority there , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a yes vote in the referendum , and the republic ' s government declared its independence . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] and in bosnia in [[ 1992 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia officially ceased to exist on [[ april 28 ]] , 1992 , when the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed . other dates that are frequently considered as the end of sfry are [[ june 25 ]] , 1991 , when slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , 1991 , when the [[ moratorium ]] on slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed entry at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by representatives of all republics , was ended and [[ january 15 ]] , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in [[ 1995 ]] with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of police intervention and similar militia activity , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of [[ 1999 ]] , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until the milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september [[ 2000 ]] led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav kostunica | vojislav ko & # 353 ; tunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . on [[ april 1 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; was arrested on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] . on [[ april 11 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia ceased to exist . = = further reading = = * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 . * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 . * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 093 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools & # 8217 ; crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 . * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 . * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]] and became a member in [[ 2004 ]] . croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - [[ 2015 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1594 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1587 ; & # 1604 ; & # 1575 ; & # 1601 ; & # 1610 ; & # 1575 ; ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : & # 50976 ; & # 44256 ; & # 49836 ; & # 46972 ; & # 48708 ; & # 50500 ; ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : & # 1497 ; & # 1493 ; & # 1490 ; & # 1493 ; & # 1505 ; & # 1500 ; & # 1489 ; & # 1497 ; & # 1492 ; ]] [[ lv : dienvidsl & # 257 ; vija ]] [[ mk : & # 1032 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1112 ; & # 1072 ; ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : & # 12518 ; & # 12540 ; & # 12468 ; & # 12473 ; & # 12521 ; & # 12499 ; & # 12450 ; ]] [[ pl : jugos & # 322 ; awia ]] [[ ru : & # 1070 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1103 ; ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : & # 1032 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1112 ; & # 1072 ; ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : & # 21335 ; & # 26031 ; & # 25289 ; & # 22827 ; ]] | |||||
| 13682790 | 0 | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate but successive political | entities | bodies | that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the | |||
| 13861472 | 0 | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate but successive political | bodies | entities | that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the | |||
| 15457341 | 1 | army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but | later strayed and lost | soon started to collaborate with axis powers against nla . after allies realised | that support , and also with the population . the german response to both of these resistance movements was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by | |||
| 2 | central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but later strayed and lost that | chetniks were helping germans they ceased to | support , and also with the population . the german response to both of these resistance movements was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving | |||||
| 3 | europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but later strayed and lost that support | , and also with the population | them | . the german response to both of these resistance movements was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces | ||||
| 4 | government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but later strayed and lost that support , and also with the population . the german response to both of these resistance | movements | movement | was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . this | ||||
| 5 | axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as | many | some | other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | ||||
| 7 | croatia ]] . this led to great civilian loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided a large portion of | both | rebel formations . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . during the war , | |||||
| 18469162 | 0 | = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : peter i karageorgevich . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | peter i | karadjordjevi & # 263 ; | karađorđević | , the first king of yugoslavia ]] the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in | |||
| 18520089 | 1 | . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ wars of | yugoslavian | yugoslav | succession ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia | |||
| 19428879 | 0 | and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both | [[ | eastern and western block and together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until | ||||
| 1 | [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both eastern | bloc | eastern ]] | and western block and together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until it | |||||
| 2 | informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both eastern and | [[ | western block and together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until it dissolved | |||||
| 3 | ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both eastern and western | block | bloc | western bloc ]] nations | and together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until it dissolved . on | ||||
| 4 | and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both eastern and western block and | , | together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until it dissolved . on [[ | |||||
| 5 | its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both eastern and western block and together with other countries | . | started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , | |||||
| 6 | . the country criticized both eastern and western block and together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official | policy | affiliation | of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and | ||||
| 20116727 | 0 | [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc | eastern ]] and [[ western bloc | western bloc ]] nations and , together with other countries | . | , | started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , | |||
| 20718541 | 1 | ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] | ( petar ii ) | , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] , who continued on an authoritarian path with | ||||
| 2 | peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] | ( pavle ) | , who continued on an authoritarian path with the prime minister [[ milan stojadinovi & # 263 ; ]] . in the beginning of [[ world war ii ]] , yugoslavia | |||||
| 22506688 | 0 | in late june , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia , but the international community pressured them to place a three - month | [[ | moratorium on the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began | ||||
| 1 | late june , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia , but the international community pressured them to place a three - month moratorium | ]] | on the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with | |||||
| 22506754 | 1 | un / u911127a . htm ] the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " | in early 1992 | . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared | ||||
| 22785116 | 16 | organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla led by colonel [[ | dra & # 382 ; a mihajlovi & # 263 ; | draža mihajlović | ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav | |||
| 17 | civilian government . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ | biha & # 263 ; | bihać | ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , | ||||
| 23 | 263 ; ]] in january [[ 1990 ]] , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; | milošević | , insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would | ||||
| 31 | ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of [[ 1999 ]] , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until the | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; | milošević | government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by | ||||
| 22951623 | 0 | in a yes vote in the referendum , and the republic ' s government declared its independence though everyone advocated that such decision had be made with the consent of all | the | three nation . the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist | ||||
| 1 | a yes vote in the referendum , and the republic ' s government declared its independence though everyone advocated that such decision had be made with the consent of all three | nation | nations | . the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic | ||||
| 25041176 | 1 | ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in | the southern serbian province | kosovo | . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of police intervention and similar militia activity , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following | |||
| 25046467 | 1 | ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started guerila actions in | kosovo | the southern serbian province | . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of police intervention and similar militia activity , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following | |||
| 25291121 | 0 | 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of | police intervention | mass deportation of albanians | and similar militia activity , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early | |||
| 25682758 | 12 | ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the | serbian | yugoslav | reaction in form of mass deportation of albanians and similar militia activity , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and | |||
| 16 | form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia ceased to exist . | a federal government remains in place in belgrade but now assumes only ceremonial powers . the local governments of serbia and of montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . | = = further reading = = * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern | |||||
| 26468715 | 0 | , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest . following the " [[ fall of | communism ]] " | the soviet union | in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia | |||
| 27204598 | 0 | the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . | basically , you better watch out because soon yugoslavians will rule the world . they will own you . | = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end | ||||
| 27205552 | 0 | the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . | basically , you better watch out because soon yugoslavians will rule the world . they will own you . | = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end | ||||
| 27567832 | 2 | ]] . on [[ april 1 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević was arrested on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was | driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be | extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in | ||||
| 27573257 | 0 | ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] | = = ' ' ' comments ' ' ' : = = | i the so called clerics in the first paragraph had no power in the yugoslav republics , in fact it wasn ' t untill mid seventies that yugoslavia signed an aggreement | ||||
| 1 | sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] comments : | i the so called clerics in the first paragraph had no power in the yugoslav republics , in fact it wasn ' t untill mid seventies that yugoslavia signed an aggreement with the vatican , stating that catholic religious belief will no longer be persecuted . the communist country really did cease to openly persecute catholics , but they were forced into hiding with measures within the public companies , which would not hire or keep on anyone who openly professed their catholic faith . beeing a socialist country , all the companies ( until the 80s ) within yugoslavia were public . the orthodox were not persecuted although not encouraged even though a vast majority of the serbs were orthodox and at the same time - communist , unfortunately the muslims both in kosovo and macedonia as well as bosnia were still persecuted and even killed . this silent civil war raged all through the second yugoslav period , and is raging still in macedonia and kosovo . ii it was in fact the people of the republics of slovenia and croatia , who decided that the vote of the republic of serbia in the yugoslav parliament should count as one vote and that the president of one republic , that beeing slobodan milosevic who was in fact only president of serbia can not decide for everyone . that is how the croat , slovene and bosnian votes should have outweighed his lone vote . it was in milosevic ' s nature to pose as the big leader of yugoslavia even though the president of the federation was in fact janez drnovsek . milosevic was defending the so called big serbia . an idea of the late 19th and ( especially ) early 20th century which states that yugoslavia is in fact big serbia , and that no other ethnicity within it compares in size and should therefore compare in power . in this respect it is neccessary to mention that in the original constitution of yugoslavia , that was written during and after world war ii the rights of decision of each separate nation to leave the federacy are unquestionable . iii also the yugoslav national army held high power within the second yugoslavia before the constitution of 1974 , part of which was also the parting of republic ' s police forces from the yugoslav national army and forming of military teritorial defences ( to ) in separate republics respectively . the yugoslav national army was in fact losing its former power in comparison to pre - 1974 yugoslavia . iv it should also be taken into perspective that bosnia and herzegovina was one republic populated by three religious groups : catholic , orthodox and muslims . the first two are usually called simply croatian and serbian , but the last one comprised of both of these ethnic groups is simply refered to as muslim for a lack of better name . in the second yugoslavia they were referred to as muslims as well , and hence not recognized as a nationality , but rather as a religious minority in respect to other religions within the sfrj ( socialist federative republic of yugoslavia ) and as such ( comment i ) persecuted . | ||||||
| 27573459 | 0 | montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . | = = ' ' ' comments ' ' ' : = = i the so called clerics in the first paragraph had no power in the yugoslav republics , in fact it wasn ' t untill mid seventies that yugoslavia signed an aggreement with the vatican , stating that catholic religious belief will no longer be persecuted . the communist country really did cease to openly persecute catholics , but they were forced into hiding with measures within the public companies , which would not hire or keep on anyone who openly professed their catholic faith . beeing a socialist country , all the companies ( until the 80s ) within yugoslavia were public . the orthodox were not persecuted although not encouraged even though a vast majority of the serbs were orthodox and at the same time - communist , unfortunately the muslims both in kosovo and macedonia as well as bosnia were still persecuted and even killed . this silent civil war raged all through the second yugoslav period , and is raging still in macedonia and kosovo . ii it was in fact the people of the republics of slovenia and croatia , who decided that the vote of the republic of serbia in the yugoslav parliament should count as one vote and that the president of one republic , that beeing slobodan milosevic who was in fact only president of serbia can not decide for everyone . that is how the croat , slovene and bosnian votes should have outweighed his lone vote . it was in milosevic ' s nature to pose as the big leader of yugoslavia even though the president of the federation was in fact janez drnovsek . milosevic was defending the so called big serbia . an idea of the late 19th and ( especially ) early 20th century which states that yugoslavia is in fact big serbia , and that no other ethnicity within it compares in size and should therefore compare in power . in this respect it is neccessary to mention that in the original constitution of yugoslavia , that was written during and after world war ii the rights of decision of each separate nation to leave the federacy are unquestionable . iii also the yugoslav national army held high power within the second yugoslavia before the constitution of 1974 , part of which was also the parting of republic ' s police forces from the yugoslav national army and forming of military teritorial defences ( to ) in separate republics respectively . the yugoslav national army was in fact losing its former power in comparison to pre - 1974 yugoslavia . iv it should also be taken into perspective that bosnia and herzegovina was one republic populated by three religious groups : catholic , orthodox and muslims . the first two are usually called simply croatian and serbian , but the last one comprised of both of these ethnic groups is simply refered to as muslim for a lack of better name . in the second yugoslavia they were referred to as muslims as well , and hence not recognized as a nationality , but rather as a religious minority in respect to other religions within the sfrj ( socialist federative republic of yugoslavia ) and as such ( comment i ) persecuted . | = = further reading = = * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern | ||||
| 27670102 | 7 | began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence , | but | yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kire gligurov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been | no war erupted there , and nato observers were placed at its northern border . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted | |||
| 8 | a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence , but no | war erupted there , and nato observers were placed at its | problems between macedonian and serbo - montenegrin border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the | northern border . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] | ||||
| 9 | in [[ 1991 ]] . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence , but no war erupted there , and nato observers were placed at its northern | reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a | border . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , | |||||
| 10 | [[ 1991 ]] . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence , but no war erupted there , and nato observers were placed at its northern border | dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ imro ]] ) | . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991 | |||||
| 27670369 | 0 | slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain | independence | sovereignty | without resistence from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with | |||
| 28806789 | 0 | montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . | many ex - yugoslavs have emigrated to western european countries where their presence has stirred up a great deal of controversy dealing with immigration , creating xenophobic , nationalist feelings and reviving nazi gangs . some countries , such as switzerland , go as far as forbidding these immigrants from purchasing dangerous or lethal weapons . | = = further reading = = * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern | ||||
| 29212271 | 0 | which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . by this time , the albanians had become the largest ethnic group with over | 50 | 90 | % of the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million | |||
| 29234174 | 0 | were then deployed under the u . n banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ | kire | kiro | gligurov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbo - montenegrin border police even though | |||
| 30266270 | 0 | kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . | * laura giunta is the current ruler and undercover queen of yugoslavia . | * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) | ||||
| 30275074 | 1 | croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , | where | the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo | ||||
| 30443362 | 0 | kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . | * laura giunta is the current ruler and undercover queen of yugoslavia . | * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) | ||||
| 31634463 | 0 | federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ | tiger ' s lair | bosnia and herzegovina | ]] * [[ tiger pwns you ]] * [[ tiger world ]] * [[ lawlzs tiger ]] * [[ tiger ' s kingdom ]] * [[ tiger country ]] and within | |||
| 2 | union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ tiger ' s lair ]] * [[ tiger pwns you ]] * [[ | tiger world | republic of macedonia | macedonia | ]] * [[ lawlzs tiger ]] * [[ tiger ' s kingdom ]] * [[ tiger country ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the | ||||
| 3 | constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ tiger ' s lair ]] * [[ tiger pwns you ]] * [[ tiger world ]] * [[ | lawlzs tiger | montenegro | ]] * [[ tiger ' s kingdom ]] * [[ tiger country ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted | ||||
| 31961080 | 0 | ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in | [[ | 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom | ||||
| 1 | ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 | ]] | as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | |||||
| 4 | which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in | [[ | 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as | |||||
| 5 | re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 | ]] | by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' | |||||
| 9 | state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 | ]] | became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist | |||||
| 10 | in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' . this remained in place until | [[ | 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia | |||||
| 11 | april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 | ]] | , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina | |||||
| 12 | and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in | [[ | 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as | |||||
| 13 | ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 | ]] | on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and | |||||
| 18 | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in | [[ | 1918 ]] , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state | |||||
| 20 | to the royal dictatorship . the king was highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in | [[ | 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ imro | bulgarian nationalist and imro activist ]] velichko kerin ( more popular with his revolutionary pseudonym [[ vlado chernosemski ]] ) . | |||||
| 22 | state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in | [[ | 1929 ]] , but was relatively limited in its activities until [[ 1941 ]] . german troops occupied [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] | |||||
| 23 | croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in [[ 1929 | ]] | , but was relatively limited in its activities until [[ 1941 ]] . german troops occupied [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ | |||||
| 24 | , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in [[ 1929 ]] , but was relatively limited in its activities until | [[ | 1941 ]] . german troops occupied [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were | |||||
| 32 | . . jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in | [[ | 1980 ]] . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people | |||||
| 33 | jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in [[ 1980 | ]] | . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s | |||||
| 36 | country criticized both [[ eastern bloc | eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in | [[ | 1961 ]] , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to | |||||
| 38 | but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in | [[ | 1974 ]] that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession | |||||
| 48 | yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early | [[ | 1992 ]] ; this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb population there ( 35 % of bosnian population ) , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - | |||||
| 49 | [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early [[ 1992 | ]] | ; this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb population there ( 35 % of bosnian population ) , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment | |||||
| 51 | , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republics of serbia and montenegro . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in [[ 1995 | ]] | with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . | |||||
| 55 | , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of [[ 1999 | ]] | , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until the milošević government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ | |||||
| 61 | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 | ]] | and became a member in [[ 2004 ]] . croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in 2004 , | |||||
| 64 | yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]] and became a member in [[ 2004 ]] . croatia applied for membership in | [[ | 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - [[ 2015 ]] . the remaining three republics | |||||
| 65 | that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]] and became a member in [[ 2004 ]] . croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 | ]] | , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - [[ 2015 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet | |||||
| 68 | ]] . croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - | [[ | 2015 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union | |||||
| 31974664 | 0 | {st@rt} | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) | poop | is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] | |||
| 32871630 | 1 | after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krčun served under tito | as chief of secret police in serbia | and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was found dead under unknown circumstances . aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after | ||||
| 32922260 | 3 | . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to collaborate with axis powers | ]] | against nla . after allies realised that chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the civil population by carrying | ||||
| 8 | croatia ]] . this led to great civilian loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided a large portion of | rebel formations | and members | . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . during the war , the [[ | ||||
| 10 | of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . | in may 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians ]] ( and croats in [[ istria ]] ) . | westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led | |||||
| 33668628 | 0 | ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in | [[ december 1 ]] , | 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of | ||||
| 33669006 | 0 | - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ january 6 ]] , 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in | [[ april 6 ]] , | 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in 1945 as ' ' democratic | ||||
| 1 | kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ january 6 ]] , 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] | . capitulated only 11 days after , stopped exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 | . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in 1945 as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' | |||||
| 3 | [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' . this remained in place until 1992 | , [[ january 15 ]] | , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina | |||||
| 33684647 | 0 | , 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulated only 11 days after , | it | stopped exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] | ||||
| 33738425 | 6 | [[ axis powers ]] against nla . after allies realised that chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the | civil | civilian | population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . italian occupying forces also committed many | |||
| 10 | = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in | the 1980s | [[ 1986 ]] | that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the growing influence of the clerics chielfy in croatia and slovenia who were now working towards luring | ||||
| 11 | of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the | growing influence | perceived weak position | of the clerics chielfy in croatia and slovenia who were now working towards luring the people of their republics to reject belgrade law . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] | ||||
| 13 | and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the growing influence of the clerics chielfy in | croatia and slovenia who | the federation . | were now working towards luring the people of their republics to reject belgrade law . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed | ||||
| 15 | organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . by this time , the albanians had become the largest ethnic group | in kosovo | with over 90 % of the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of | |||||
| 20 | slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization , to leave the congress | in protest | , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved | . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues | ||||
| 21 | more economic liberalization , to leave the congress in protest . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics | elected a new government democratically , but | held multi - party elections in [[ 1990 ]] . | the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , | ||||
| 25 | state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia , but the international community pressured them to place a | three - month [[ moratorium ]] on | ten - day war , marking the beginning of | the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ | ||||
| 26 | , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia , but the international community pressured them to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on the | decision | bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . at the end of the ten days , the yugoslav army was defeated , and pulled out of slovenia . | in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars | ||||
| 33 | http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early 1992 ; this | vote | time under the control of serb militias supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum | was boycotted by the sizeable serb population there ( 35 % of bosnian population ) , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims | ||||
| 40 | involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia , but the international community pressured them to | place | a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics . secession of the newly - formed | |||||
| 45 | montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . | many ex - yugoslavs have emigrated to western european countries where their presence has stirred up a great deal of controversy dealing with immigration , creating xenophobic , nationalist feelings and reviving nazi gangs . some countries , such as switzerland , go as far as forbidding these immigrants from purchasing dangerous or lethal weapons . | = = further reading = = * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern | |||||
| 33824642 | 2 | . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early 1992 | , which was illegal under bosnian constitution | . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of serb militias supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted | ||||
| 33836329 | 5 | . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early 1992 | , which was illegal under bosnian constitution | . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of newly created [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav | ||||
| 34035074 | 1 | . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early 1992 | ]] | . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported | ||||
| 4 | - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a yes vote in the referendum , though to this day it remains unclear whether the majority was large enough . | {{ ref | malcolm }} | the republic ' s government declared its independence however , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska , and the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter . the | |||||
| 16 | . starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction resulted in a large number of | force against | civilian deaths , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] | |||||
| 17 | starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction resulted in a large number of civilian | deaths | populations | , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful | ||||
| 19 | with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . | starting | in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction resulted in a large number of civilian deaths | |||||
| 20 | started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction resulted in a large number of civilian deaths , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes | , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration | . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two | |||||
| 34241700 | 5 | / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence on [[ 1 march ]] [[ 1992 ]] | . large areas | the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic | of the republic was at this time under the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav | |||
| 8 | areas of the republic was at this time under the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the | yugoslav army | government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid | . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 % | ||||
| 18 | sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 % {{ ref | malcolm }} , however yes vote by 2 / 3 of the | population | voters voted for independence . it | was needed . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian | ||||
| 19 | bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 % {{ ref | malcolm }} , however yes vote by 2 / 3 of the population was | needed | unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} | . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | | ||||
| 22 | . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 % | {{ ref | malcolm }} , however yes vote by 2 / 3 | of the population was needed . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . | |||||
| 34241920 | 1 | albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] was formed , | deemed | which | terrorist by , among others , serbian and [[ usa ]] authorities . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - | |||
| 2 | had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] was formed , deemed terrorist | by | starting in 1996 | , among others , serbian and [[ usa ]] authorities . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to | ||||
| 34474488 | 2 | resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . frustrated by the lack of success of these policies , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] , which | , starting in 1996 , | added it to its list of terrorist organisations ) which | carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . serbian authorities denounced it as a terrorist organisation , and its indiscriminate tactics also led the u . s . state | |||
| 35562548 | 2 | which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ january 6 ]] , 1929 and existed under that name until it | was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] | rocks so there u weirdos | . capitulated only 11 days after , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ | |||
| 35562893 | 0 | ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word | and yugoslavia | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first | was my homeland and it rocks so there u weirdos . capitulated only 11 days after , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second | |||
| 2 | translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word and yugoslavia was my homeland and | slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ january 6 ]] , 1929 and existed under that name until | it rocks so there u weirdos . capitulated only 11 days after , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist | |||||
| 3 | , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word and yugoslavia was my homeland and it | rocks so there u weirdos | was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] | . capitulated only 11 days after , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ | ||||
| 37508256 | 0 | and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the | [[ | 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( | ||||
| 2 | = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in | [[ | 1986 ]] that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic | |||||
| 4 | the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kucan ]] had since | [[ | 1986 ]] been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it on a collision course with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed suit . | |||||
| 5 | . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kucan ]] had since [[ 1986 | ]] | been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it on a collision course with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed suit . in january | |||||
| 38718284 | 0 | the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent | resistence | resistance | in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] ( considered a terrorist organisation by , among others , | |||
| 39341750 | 4 | since that decision was made without the consent of all tree nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were igored , though such decision should be supported by all | bosinan | bosnian | nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect they rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the | |||
| 40087242 | 0 | {st@rt} | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed | d | during most of the 20th century on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] | |||
| 40087311 | 0 | {st@rt} | d | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed | during most of the 20th century on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] | |||
| 42217788 | 2 | and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the | [[ | 20th century on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' | ||||
| 43295792 | 0 | montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . | on march 11th , 2006 , milosovic was found dead in his prison cell in scheveningen , netherlands . he had suffered chronic heart ailments and apparently died of natural causes . | = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : ' | ||||
| 43297894 | 0 | montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . | on march 11th , 2006 , milošević was found dead in his prison cell in scheveningen , netherlands . he had suffered chronic heart ailments and apparently died of natural causes . | = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : ' | ||||
| 43324951 | 0 | montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . | on march 11 , 2006 , milošević was found dead in his prision cell . | = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : ' | ||||
| 43330000 | 0 | montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . | on march 11 , 2006 , milošević was found dead in his prision cell . | = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : ' | ||||
| 43367294 | 3 | of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 | be | they formed | as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play | |||
| 6 | of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and | would | by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , | |||||
| 43463623 | 0 | 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . | capitulated | capitulating | only 11 days after , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war | |||
| 1 | 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulated only 11 days | after | later | , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ | ||||
| 43653123 | 0 | state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . = = origins = = | probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the forming of the group of advocates of a joint country of south slavs , by politicians from [[ croatia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , which were then both in the [[ austro - hungarian monarchy ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ hinko hinković ]] and [[ franko potočnjak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanović ]] and [[ dušan vasiljević ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popović ]] , a representative of [[ nikola pašić ]] ' s [[ serbia ]] n government , on neutral ground in [[ florence ]] , [[ italy ]] , in an effort to coordinate their efforts towards building an independent state of western south slavs . [[ lujo vojnović ]] was also present as an observer from the kingdom of [[ montenegro ]] . the new " yugoslav " cause ( from ' ' jugosloven ' ' , meaning " southern slav " ) was receiving an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally tired of austria - hungary and a union with the eastern states was probably seen as the best way to come out of the [[ anomie ]] caused by the [[ world war i | great war ]] . even the large [[ diaspora ]] s , known for their [[ nostalgia ]] and [[ patriotism ]] , started supporting the new idea . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . | = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end | ||||
| 43653311 | 0 | state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . = = origins = = | probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the forming of the group of advocates of a joint country of south slavs , by politicians from [[ croatia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , which were then both in the [[ austro - hungarian monarchy ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ hinko hinković ]] and [[ franko potočnjak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanović ]] and [[ dušan vasiljević ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popović ]] , a representative of [[ nikola pašić ]] ' s [[ serbia ]] n government , on neutral ground in [[ florence ]] , [[ italy ]] , in an effort to coordinate their efforts towards building an independent state of western south slavs . [[ lujo vojnović ]] was also present as an observer from the kingdom of [[ montenegro ]] . the new " yugoslav " cause ( from ' ' jugosloven ' ' , meaning " southern slav " ) was receiving an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally tired of austria - hungary and a union with the eastern states was probably seen as the best way to come out of the [[ anomie ]] caused by the [[ world war i | great war ]] . even the large [[ diaspora ]] s , known for their [[ nostalgia ]] and [[ patriotism ]] , started supporting the new idea . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . | = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end | ||||
| 44309697 | 4 | took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . [[ image : banknoteyug . jpg | 300px | left | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] bill of 50 | & nbsp ; | [[ billion ]] [[ yugoslavia dinar | dinars ]] ( 1993 ) ]] on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces | ||||
| 5 | and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 | - | – | 2015 . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] | ||||
| 6 | in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - 2015 . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . | ' ' | see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] | |||||
| 15 | [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ | fi | : jugoslavian ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] | |||||
| 44361382 | 6 | for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , | followed by republican | and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under | ||||
| 18 | did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics | , he was victim of a dubious traffic incident | . minister of the interior aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important | |||||
| 47301443 | 0 | the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . | colin sucks chodes . | = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end | ||||
| 47301478 | 0 | the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . | colin sucks chodes . | = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end | ||||
| 47734892 | 0 | montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . | after the yugoslavia changed its name to “socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , the soviet leader josip broz tito was named “president for life ” . he was a strict leader and anyone who did not agree with him would be stripped of his “titles ” or sometimes even killed . the lack in civil rights later led to the development of a new constitution in 1974 . it states that republics had the right to self - determination , including secession . after tito ’ s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions began sprouting in yugoslavia . | = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : ' | ||||
| 47735080 | 0 | montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . | after the yugoslavia changed its name to “socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , the soviet leader josip broz tito was named “president for life ” . he was a strict leader and anyone who did not agree with him would be stripped of his “titles ” or sometimes even killed . the lack in civil rights later led to the development of a new constitution in 1974 . it states that republics had the right to self - determination , including secession . after tito ’ s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions began sprouting in yugoslavia . | = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : ' | ||||
| 49267272 | 2 | = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum | addressing these issues . it said unless timely steps were taken , these matters would prove catastrophic for entire country . it also addressed issues concerning position of serbs as the most numerous people | in 1986 that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic | ||||
| 3 | = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in | 1986 | yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia had been dispossessed of its attributes of statehood by the new 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found | that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] | ||||
| 9 | ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic | groups | as a result , the [[ albanians | | in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency | ||||
| 12 | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the | which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and | the eight votes in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency | |||||
| 13 | was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the | non - albanians | in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan | |||||
| 32 | politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , the yugoslav people ' s army took | armed action , leading to a ten - day war , marking the beginning | advantage | of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . at the end of the ten days , the yugoslav army pulled out of slovenia . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , | ||||
| 33 | to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , the yugoslav people ' s army took armed action , leading to a ten - day war , marking the beginning of | the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . | this by shooting | at the end of the ten days , the yugoslav army pulled out of slovenia . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , | ||||
| 34 | , the yugoslav people ' s army took armed action , leading to a ten - day war , marking the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . at | the end of | young conscripts . there was no political consensus within | the ten days , the yugoslav army pulled out of slovenia . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured | ||||
| 35 | ' s army took armed action , leading to a ten - day war , marking the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . at the end of the | federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after | ten days , the yugoslav army pulled out of slovenia . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia | |||||
| 39 | = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts | ]] | drafted a memorandum in 1986 that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ | |||||
| 42 | [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , | milošević in effect now controlled three of | the eight votes in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency | |||||
| 43 | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the | eight votes | in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan | |||||
| 44 | was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the | presidency | . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] had | |||||
| 49299968 | 0 | and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . | given | this was | the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the | |||
| 1 | taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the | enormous strength | start | of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defense | ||||
| 2 | raising slovenian flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the | army , the task was carried out within 48 hours | so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia | . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defense took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . there was | ||||
| 4 | the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the | slovene territorial defense took advantage of this | border posts , but they were subsequently re - taken | by shooting at young conscripts . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , the | ||||
| 5 | task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defense took advantage of this by | shooting at young conscripts | the slovenian forces | . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , the yugoslav army pulled out of | ||||
| 49528427 | 0 | the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . | the yugoslavik language was invented by the urglnots ( kelrugin toygurshin and mikaey ' l ortubius ) in the late 20th century . some popular phrases include : " kitinka slovak huroshi " which translates to your mother is a fat llama . " mushyal blanko renaldicki " translates to whatchu tink u doin ova dere ? ! " hurogi marishka ghenyek " translates i would like a large order of onions dipped in tarter sauce . " huruska matchuckso turogatory " which then translates to a man ate my leg during a play , please assist me . | = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end | ||||
| 49528510 | 0 | the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . | the yugoslavik language was invented by the urglnots ( kelrugin toygurshin and mikaey ' l ortubius ) in the late 20th century . some popular phrases include : " kitinka slovak huroshi " which translates to your mother is a fat llama . " mushyal blanko renaldicki " translates to whatchu tink u doin ova dere ? ! " hurogi marishka ghenyek " translates i would like a large order of onions dipped in tarter sauce . " huruska matchuckso turogatory " which then translates to a man ate my leg during a play , please assist me . | = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end | ||||
| 49801930 | 1 | kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who | proceede | proceeded | to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the federal army was ordered by yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the | |||
| 4 | recognized borders . this was the start of the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . the yugoslav army first succeded in taking over most of | task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , | the border posts , but they were subsequently re - taken by the slovenian forces . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army | |||||
| 5 | borders . this was the start of the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . the yugoslav army first succeded in taking over most of the | border posts | did not carry live ammunition and | , but they were subsequently re - taken by the slovenian forces . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be | ||||
| 7 | ten - day war ]] in slovenia . the yugoslav army first succeded in taking over most of the border posts , but they were subsequently re - taken by the | slovenian forces | shooting at young conscripts | . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , a ceasefire between the slovenian territorial | ||||
| 49984412 | 2 | 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defense took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . | recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known as the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . | there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , a ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense | ||||
| 3 | and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . | this was the start of the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . | given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and | |||||
| 50486261 | 0 | march , 1991 , the [[ plitvice bloody easter ]] incident was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] | ( jla ) | maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia | ||||
| 2 | and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . | given the enormous strength of the | [[ yugoslav people ' s | army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage | ||||
| 3 | slovenian flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army | ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia | , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of | |||||
| 4 | flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , | carried out | the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this | |||||
| 5 | federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within | next | 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . | |||||
| 6 | speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . | army | however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian | |||||
| 7 | ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however | had no logistic support for a long term warfare | , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf | |||||
| 10 | paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army | only | to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , | |||||
| 11 | following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , the task | was carried out | within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts | |||||
| 12 | the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known as | the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . | there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , a ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense | |||||
| 50645687 | 0 | , 1991 , the [[ plitvice bloody easter ]] incident was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( | jla | jna | ) maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , | |||
| 1 | ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , | aswell | under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known | as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so called [[ | ||||
| 3 | of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . | army | however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , aswell as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be | |||||
| 4 | internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however | had no logistic support for a long term warfare | , aswell as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so | |||||
| 50649733 | 1 | new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this | constitution , individual republics had a right | openness | to self - determination , including secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , | |||
| 50655154 | 0 | of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . | army | however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian | ||||
| 1 | the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . however | had no logistic support for a long term warfare | , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf | |||||
| 50701481 | 0 | regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken | prisoner | prisoners | . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration | |||
| 50729005 | 0 | ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , | aswell | under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known | as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so called [[ | |||
| 2 | of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . | army | however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , aswell as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be | |||||
| 3 | internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however | had no logistic support for a long term warfare | , aswell as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so | |||||
| 51123816 | 0 | state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . = = origins = = | probably | during | the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav shaize ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the forming of the group of | |||
| 2 | serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the | term yugoslav shaize | world war one | ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the forming of the group of advocates of a joint country of south slavs , by politicians | ||||
| 11 | ) was receiving an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally tired of austria - hungary and a union with the eastern states was | probably seen | to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london | as the best way to come out of the [[ anomie ]] caused by the [[ world war i | great war ]] . even the large [[ diaspora ]] s | ||||
| 15 | kingdom . = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by | blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and by the common vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karadjordjević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on 6 october 1918 . on 29 october , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new state of the slovenes , croats and serbs . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state abroad . however quarrels broke out immediately about the terms of the proposed union with serbia . svetozar pribićević , a croatian serb , a leader of the croatian - serbian coalition and vice - precident of the state , wanted an immediate and unconditional union . others ( non - serbs ) , who favoured a federal yugoslavia were more hesitant . they feared that serbia would simply annex the former habsburg territories . the national council ' s authority was limited and the italians were moving to take more territory than they had been alloted in an agreement with the yugoslav committee . political opinion was divided and serbian ministers said that if croats insisted on their own republic or sort of independence , then serbia would simply take areas inhabited by the serbs and already occupied by the serbian army . after much debate the national council agreed to unification with serbia , although its declaration stated that the final organization of the state should be left to the future constituent assembly . the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = with | the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state | |||||
| 17 | the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the | south slavs organized into | ottoman empire | the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 , joined [[ serbia ]] and | ||||
| 23 | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state | right from the start . the croatian peasants ' party ( hss ) slowly grew to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory for the two main serbian parties . communists came third and croatian peasant party fourth . newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant party prepared a draft constitution for a neutral peasant republic of croatia . anyway constitution was voted on 28 june 1921 with the help of some minor parties including yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by prince alexander . croats , | as soon as possible was a priority . disagreements over whether the new state should be a federation or a centralised state were put off for later . on [[ june | |||||
| 24 | of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as | soon | well | as possible was a priority . disagreements over whether the new state should be a federation or a centralised state were put off for later . on [[ june 28 ]] | ||||
| 25 | , croats and slovenes ]] " . in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as | possible was | alabanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the slovenes understood that it was only as | a priority . disagreements over whether the new state should be a federation or a centralised state were put off for later . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] | ||||
| 26 | slovenes ]] " . in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as possible was a | priority | part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria | . disagreements over whether the new state should be a federation or a centralised state were put off for later . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & | ||||
| 27 | " . in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as possible was a priority . | disagreements over whether | this duly came about in 1945 . however , the yugoslav slovenes benefited from | the new state should be a federation or a centralised state were put off for later . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day | ||||
| 28 | that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as possible was a priority . disagreements over whether the new state | should be | receiving all they had previously lacked ; high schools and university to boot . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro - hungarian empire had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to belgrade . during 1920s serbo - croat wrangle continued and on 20 june 1928 , after months of rowing and even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić , | a federation or a centralised state were put off for later . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs | ||||
| 29 | break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as possible was a priority . disagreements over whether the new state should be a | federation | montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , including stjepan radić , who eventually died . following this , king aleksandar i banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . yugoslavia was an obstacle for these plans and king aleksandar i was the pillar of the yugoslav policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces | or a centralised state were put off for later . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see | ||||
| 30 | up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as possible was a priority . disagreements over whether the new state should be a federation or | a centralised state | banovinas . the banovinas | were put off for later . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] ) | ||||
| 36 | an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally tired of austria - hungary and a union with the eastern states was probably seen as | the best way to come out of the [[ anomie ]] caused by the [[ world war i | great war ]] . even the large [[ diaspora ]] s , known for | their [[ nostalgia ]] and [[ patriotism ]] , started supporting the new idea . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed | |||||
| 38 | = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of | the [[ | world war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and | |||||
| 51124069 | 0 | administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia were to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . | on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament ( ' ' skupština ' ' ) passed a new constitution despite a boycott from croatian mps . the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade , causing dissatisfaction among the more federally minded croat and slovene politicians . in 1928 , [[ puniša račić ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radić ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander ]] ( aleksandar ) used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] he suspended the constitution , dissolved the ' ' skupština ' ' and proclaimed a royal dictatorship . he went on to reorganize the regional divisions within the country and renamed it the ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' . all national identities except " yugoslav " were abolished . yugoslavia became a highly [[ militarism | militarized ]] state , which spawned several insurgent nationalist groups opposed to the royal dictatorship . the king was highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in 1934 , he was assassinated by [[ imro | bulgarian nationalist and imro activist ]] velichko kerin ( more popular with his revolutionary pseudonym [[ vlado chernosemski ]] ) . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] ( petar ii ) , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] ( pavle ) , who continued on an authoritarian path with the prime minister [[ milan stojadinović ]] . in the beginning of [[ world war ii ]] , yugoslavia was pressured by [[ germany ]] and [[ italy ]] to join the [[ axis powers ]] . italy was mired in an inconclusive war with [[ history of greece | greece ]] , and before germany committed its forces to the greek campaign , it wanted to secure yugoslavia ' s support . | prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still | ||||
| 51124531 | 0 | were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s | dictatordhip | dictatorship | was further to alienate the non - serbs of the kingdom . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with | |||
| 51240913 | 0 | of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . | army | however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian | ||||
| 1 | the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . however | had no logistic support for a long term warfare | , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf | |||||
| 51267847 | 0 | in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon | started | restrained from taking wider actions due | to [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against nla . after the allies realised that the chetniks were helping the germans they ceased to support them . | |||
| 1 | western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to | [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] | german reprisals | against nla . after the allies realised that the chetniks were helping the germans they ceased to support them . the german response to the resistance movement was to punish the | ||||
| 2 | and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against | serb civilian population . for a killed soldier , germans executed 100 civilians , for a wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the | nla . after the allies realised that the chetniks were helping the germans they ceased to support them . the german response to the resistance movement was to punish the civilian | |||||
| 4 | to [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against nla . after the allies realised that the chetniks were helping the germans they ceased to support them . | the german response to the resistance movement was to punish the civilian population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . italian occupying forces also committed many atrocities ( cf . [[ italian war crimes ]] ) . | this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 | |||||
| 51593056 | 0 | ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , | aswell | under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known | as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so called [[ | |||
| 2 | of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . | army | however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , aswell as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be | |||||
| 3 | internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however | had no logistic support for a long term warfare | , aswell as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so | |||||
| 4 | . after ten days and 76 victims the so called [[ ten - day war ]] for slovenia was over and jla army was forced back in the barracks . ceasefire | between the slovenian territorial defense forces and the yugoslav army | was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - | |||||
| 51598172 | 3 | = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - standing serbo - croat disputes , which had been | dominated by serbian ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the nazis made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo albanian - and some elements in the bosnian muslim - population to bolster their rule . there had been | which had been suppressed under tito , no one knew what the future had in store . legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a | ||||
| 4 | tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - standing serbo - croat disputes , which had been suppressed under tito , no one | structural element | one knew what the future had in store . legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless | |||||
| 5 | a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had become irreconciable . not a single important decision that might have eased the | post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the ussr and the usa to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe | in store . legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between | |||||
| 9 | taken . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . economic crisis at the time | in yugoslavia | only made everything harder . as a result , serbian academy of sciences and arts drafted a memorandum addressing these issues . it said unless timely steps were taken , these | |||||
| 10 | . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . economic crisis at the time only | made everything harder . | whole but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to rally the population for yugoslavism against the particularist nationalisms of milosevic in serbia or tudjman in croatia and he should have been able to count on the obedience of the armed forces . he was supported by 83 % of the population in croatia , by 81 % in serbia and by 59 % in slovenia and by 79 % in yugoslavia as a whole . this level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but markovic had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf shock therapy programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in slovenia and croatia to their electorates involved offering to repudiate the markovic - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosevic in serbia was to the fact that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . and these appeals worked . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of markovic ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . after winning elections , they worked hard to break up the country . but the us government as a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party became increasingly paralysed and thrown into crisis . in 1990 - 1991 , then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . the problem here was that the constitutional arrangements , furnishing rights to yugoslavia ' s republican territories and its nations and peoples , were arrangements that were premised upon yugoslavia remaining an integrated state . there were two cardinal structural issues here . the first was a division of the country into republics in such a way that the non - serb nations would not fear that yugoslavia would become a serb - dominated state . to achieve this , as branka magas explains , required " winning serbian acceptance of the new constitutional order which was to divide - more in form than in fact - the serb nation inside post - revolutionary yugoslavia . " thus large parts of the serb population were placed within other republican territories or within autonomous provinces which enjoyed greater autonomy than , say , the basque country in today ' s spain . the serbs were thus split up between serbia proper , croatia , bosnia , vojvodina and kosovo . this was , indeed , a question " more in form than in fact " within an integrated yugoslavia , but it became , of course , a division more of fact than of form in the context or yugoslavia ' s break - up . but yugoslavia ' s constitutional principles did provide a key to its resolution for the constitution gave rights to nations of equal force to the rights of republics . thus , under these criteria , the serb nationals in , say , croatia , were the subjects of national rights which could not be overridden by the will of the croatian republic . | as a result , serbian academy of sciences and arts drafted a memorandum addressing these issues . it said unless timely steps were taken , these matters would prove catastrophic for | ||||
| 13 | demands for looser ties within federation . economic crisis at the time only made everything harder . as a result , serbian academy of sciences and arts drafted a memorandum addressing | these issues . it said unless timely steps were taken , these matters would prove catastrophic for entire country . it also addressed | some burning | issues concerning position of serbs as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia had been dispossessed of its attributes of | ||||
| 17 | = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - standing serbo - croat disputes , which had been | suppressed under tito , no | one knew what the future had in store . legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless | |||||
| 18 | tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - standing serbo - croat disputes , which had been suppressed under tito , no one | knew what the future had | in store . legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between | |||||
| 20 | of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had become irreconciable . | not a single important decision that might have eased | the situation could be taken . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . economic | |||||
| 52434720 | 0 | down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of | the soviet union | [[ communism ]] | in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and | |||
| 53085765 | 5 | able to free these people in istria . this duly came about in 1945 . however , the yugoslav slovenes benefited from the new state receiving all they had previously lacked | ; | , in addition to access to | high schools and university to boot . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro - hungarian empire had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense | |||
| 9 | historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to belgrade . during 1920s serbo - croat wrangle continued and on 20 june 1928 , after months of | rowing | rows | and even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić , a montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , including stjepan | ||||
| 10 | king aleksandar i banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however | , | the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . | |||||
| 13 | for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was | to | further to alienate the non - serbs of the kingdom . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with the | |||||
| 15 | army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but | were | soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against serb civilian population . for a killed soldier , germans executed 100 civilians , for a wounded one , they | |||||
| 20 | [[ allies ]] , but soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against serb civilian population . for a killed soldier , germans executed 100 civilians , for | a | every one | wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on guerrilla warfare | ||||
| 24 | provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was further | to | alienate the non - serbs of the kingdom . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with the cooperation of | |||||
| 53382554 | 0 | exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every | one | killed | soldier killed , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for every one wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually | |||
| 1 | were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every one soldier killed , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for | every one | each | wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla | ||||
| 2 | government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every one soldier | killed | , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for every one wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to | |||||
| 3 | from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every one soldier killed , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for every one wounded | one | , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . | |||||
| 53491103 | 5 | , carried out the task within next 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of | this by | the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . | shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth | |||
| 6 | the task within next 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting | at young conscripts | slovenia was accused of | . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands | ||||
| 8 | white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . | this and other events are known as the so - called | more information is available under | [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international | ||||
| 53853117 | 0 | bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . | yugoslavia is a piece of shit country and tito is a mother fucking whore . | the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various dates | ||||
| 53853815 | 0 | bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . | yugoslavia is a piece of shit country and tito is a mother fucking whore . | the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various dates | ||||
| 54340910 | 0 | parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by prince alexander . croats , as well as | alabanians | albanians | , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . | |||
| 54540745 | 0 | montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . | on may 21 , 2006 , 86 percent of eligible montenegran voters turned out for a special referrundum on the independence of the montenagran republic from federal union with serbia . they voted 55 . 4 % for independence , recognized as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . | = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 | ||||
| 54622007 | 0 | division more of fact than of form in the context or yugoslavia ' s break - up . but yugoslavia ' s constitutional principles did provide a key to its resolution | , | for the constitution gave rights to nations of equal force to the rights of republics . thus , under these criteria , the serb nationals in , say , croatia , | ||||
| 54622229 | 1 | the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by prince alexander . | dildo croats | goats | , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able to extract gains from the central | |||
| 54629692 | 0 | 1921 with the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by prince | johnny holmes | aleksandar ii karadjordjevic | . goats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able to extract gains from | |||
| 55323011 | 0 | and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not | , of course | , supported by the united states . it championed yugoslav unity as did britain and france . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was | ||||
| 55323081 | 0 | and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not | , | supported by the united states . it championed yugoslav unity as did britain and france . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally | ||||
| 55508263 | 1 | convened . for the most time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by | milošević | milosevic ; | , insisted on a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . in turn , the slovenians , supported | |||
| 55551088 | 0 | and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not | , of course , | supported by the united states . it championed yugoslav unity as did britain and france . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally | ||||
| 2 | convened . for the most time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by | milosevic ; | milošević | , insisted on a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . in turn , the slovenians , supported | ||||
| 56069917 | 0 | launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = | melsey ! ! ! | at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] | ||||
| 56069927 | 0 | launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = | melsey ! ! ! | at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] | ||||
| 56069954 | 1 | operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 : | 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia | haha i love wikipedia ! ! ! | ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and | |||
| 4 | who were burned alive by the germans ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a | nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla army led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croat ]] - [[ slovenian people | slovenian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . | source | for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually | ||||
| 5 | the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for | every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew ]] s , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were | history | ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn | ||||
| 9 | . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the | liberated territories , | edit button | and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] | ||||
| 10 | , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and | the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . | u can change what it says | = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the | ||||
| 56070049 | 4 | kelsey ' ' ' : haha i love wikipedia ! ! ! ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : i dont know why we can never use that as a | source | nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla army led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croat ]] - [[ slovenian people | slovenian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . | for history ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : ive always wanted to edit something on that site ' ' ' alyssa ' ' ' : edit ? ' ' | |||
| 8 | something on that site ' ' ' alyssa ' ' ' : edit ? ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : u can just go on wikipedia and click the | edit button | liberated territories , | and u can change what it says = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' on [[ january | ||||
| 9 | site ' ' ' alyssa ' ' ' : edit ? ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : u can just go on wikipedia and click the edit button and | u can change what it says | the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . | = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the | ||||
| 10 | ' : i dont know why we can never use that as a source for history ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : ive always wanted to edit something on | that site ' ' ' alyssa ' ' ' : edit ? ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : u can just go on wikipedia and click | the edit button and u can change what it says = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' | |||||
| 56639306 | 0 | was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the totalitarian regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i | is | was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by fascist italy and nazi germany , croatian leader vlatko macek and his party managed the | ||||
| 56642958 | 10 | organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . the international political scene in the late | 1930 ' s | 1930s | was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the totalitarian regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i | |||
| 56714534 | 1 | . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s | , | the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province in 1996 , radical albanians formed the [[ | ||||
| 3 | separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means | ' ' | land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was | |||||
| 7 | ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the | ' ' | federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and then the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . ' ' ' * the | |||||
| 56793626 | 0 | serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities | against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla | , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of | ||||
| 56794062 | 0 | however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss | was | is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and bogoljub kočović , an estimate accepted by the [[ un ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed | 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | |||
| 56830147 | 1 | dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = ' ' ' background | ' ' ' | = = during the early period of the world war one ( 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures ( [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] | ||||
| 57320182 | 7 | . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible | montenegran | montenegrin | voters turned out for a special referrundum on the independence of the montenagran republic from federal union with serbia . they voted 55 . 4 % for independence , recognized as | |||
| 8 | along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegran voters turned out for a special | referrundum | referendum | on the independence of the montenagran republic from federal union with serbia . they voted 55 . 4 % for independence , recognized as above the 55 % threshold set by | ||||
| 57708151 | 0 | july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation of the post - war state was | issused | issued | . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity | |||
| 59137642 | 9 | the serbian people ' s interests . and these appeals worked . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of | markovic | marković | ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . after winning elections , they worked hard to break up the country . but the us government as a whole opted | |||
| 59357381 | 0 | launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = | ' ' main article : ' ' [[ civil war in yugoslavia ( 1941 - 1945 ) ]] | at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] | ||||
| 59416001 | 1 | weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = ' ' main article : ' ' [[ civil war | in yugoslavia ( 1941 - 1945 ) | ii | ]] at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian | |||
| 59612233 | 6 | after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the | ' ' ' | federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) . # the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' was formed in | ||||
| 8 | as an independent state . montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on june 5 , thereby ending the | last | vestiges of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = during the early period of the world | |||||
| 60150694 | 5 | and ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosević in serbia was to the fact that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . and these | nationalist | appeals worked . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win | ||||
| 6 | ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosević in serbia was to the fact that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . and these appeals | worked | were ultimately successful : | . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . | ||||
| 8 | beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . after winning elections , they | worked hard to break up the country . but | were aided by | the us government as a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war | ||||
| 9 | monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . after winning elections , they worked hard to break up the country . but the us government | as a whole opted for the priority | ' s stance | of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states which did have | ||||
| 10 | in order to win votes . after winning elections , they worked hard to break up the country . but the us government as a whole opted for the priority of | sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with | the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states which did have a | |||||
| 13 | the us government as a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war | decisively | may have been inadvertently | accelerated . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course | ||||
| 14 | government as a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated | . | by | the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to | ||||
| 15 | a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the | only | actions of the [[ george bush | bush ]] administration . the few | european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that | ||||
| 16 | for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states | which did have a | with | strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically | ||||
| 19 | it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . | for instance , | many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar | |||||
| 21 | a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , gave too much to the republics , | crippling | whilst dampening | the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party | ||||
| 23 | yugoslavia altogether and ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosević in serbia was to the fact that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . | and | these appeals worked . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to | |||||
| 24 | . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . | after winning elections , | they worked hard to break up the country . but the us government as a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was | |||||
| 25 | votes . after winning elections , they worked hard to break up the country . but the us government as a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme | over yugoslav cohesion | . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended | |||||
| 60150860 | 0 | shock therapy programme . indeed , it is likely that the internal dynamics towards yugoslav collapse into civil war may have been inadvertently accelerated by the actions of the [[ george | h . w . | bush | bush ]] administration . the few european states with strategic interests in the yugoslav theatre tended to favour fragmentation . it would be wrong , of course , to | ||||
| 62752814 | 9 | harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the | slovenes | slovenians | understood that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this came about in 1945 . however , the | |||
| 62759735 | 8 | harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenians were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the | slovenians | slovenes | understood that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this came about in 1945 . however , the | |||
| 62778982 | 9 | harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the | slovenes | slovenians | understood that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this came about in 1945 . however , the | |||
| 62785123 | 9 | harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenians were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the | slovenians | slovenes | understood that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this came about in 1945 . however , the | |||
| 63135279 | 0 | languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for | the | three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name | ||||
| 1 | separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means | ' ' | land of the south [[ slavs ]] ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . # the ' ' ' [[ | |||||
| 63136524 | 0 | , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = during the | first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 19th century | 19th ]] and | early period of the world war one ( 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures ( [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović | ||||
| 1 | thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = during the early | period | [[ 20th century ]] . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the berlin congress , hope for sovereignty | of the world war one ( 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures ( [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , | ||||
| 63138218 | 10 | offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , bačka and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared | a | carve - up of croat lands between serbia and italy . there were also quarrels about the designation and command of units of south slav pows in russia now being mobilised | ||||
| 63201915 | 0 | / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] | {{ unreferenced }} | [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія | ||||
| 63279868 | 0 | . according to the secret treaty of london , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . | [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 200px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . in london ]] | although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non - serb | ||||
| 63327901 | 2 | december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of | [[ | world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december | ||||
| 3 | belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of world war i | ]] | and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 . of | |||||
| 26 | through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant party prepared a draft constitution for a neutral peasant republic of croatia . the constitution was passed by vote on | 28 | [[ | june 1921 with the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by | ||||
| 29 | the constitution was passed by vote on 28 june 1921 with the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old | [[ peter i of yugoslavia | | king peter died . he was succeeded by prince aleksandar ii karađorđević . croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured | |||||
| 30 | was passed by vote on 28 june 1921 with the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter | i ]] | died . he was succeeded by prince aleksandar ii karađorđević . croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against | |||||
| 51 | parliament , puniša račić , a montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , including stjepan radić , who eventually died . | račić gave himself up and was convicted for the crime . = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = | following this , king aleksandar i banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist | |||||
| 65 | tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany , fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin | | stalin ]] | became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise | |||||
| 67 | the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany , fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union | ]] | . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i | |||||
| 68 | aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in | [[ | europe and pursue a more active international policy . yugoslavia was an obstacle for these plans and king aleksandar i was the pillar of the yugoslav policy . alexander attempted to | |||||
| 69 | i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe | ]] | and pursue a more active international policy . yugoslavia was an obstacle for these plans and king aleksandar i was the pillar of the yugoslav policy . alexander attempted to create | |||||
| 76 | , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son | [[ | peter ii and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , | |||||
| 77 | king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii | of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] | and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the | |||||
| 80 | by his cousin prince paul . the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the totalitarian | ]] | regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by fascist | |||||
| 93 | [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old | [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | | king peter full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] | |||||
| 94 | 27 ]] . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old king peter | ]] | full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where mussolini | |||||
| 63330276 | 4 | be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = ' ' main article : ' ' [[ yugoslavia during world war ii ]] at | 05 | 5 | : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and | |||
| 15 | yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies | ]] | were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] [[ image : radovna _ spomenik . jpg | thumb | a memorial erected to the memory of villagers of [[ | |||||
| 31 | the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and bogoljub kočović , an estimate accepted by the [[ | un | united nations | ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | ||||
| 49 | the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens | and | , | so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = | ||||
| 50 | launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = | ' ' | main article : ' ' [[ yugoslavia during world war ii ]] at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] | |||||
| 52 | proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = ' ' main article : ' ' [[ yugoslavia during world war ii | ]] | at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] | |||||
| 63336055 | 0 | istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | | 200px | 300px | | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . in london ]] although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all [[ | |||
| 63517403 | 2 | ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in | [[ | 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions | ||||
| 3 | . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 | ]] | , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , | |||||
| 5 | of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the | [[ | 1960s and 1970s , the growth of yugoslavia ' s gross domestic product averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 | |||||
| 6 | pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the 1960s | ]] | and 1970s , the growth of yugoslavia ' s gross domestic product averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years | |||||
| 7 | . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the 1960s and | [[ | 1970s , the growth of yugoslavia ' s gross domestic product averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years . | |||||
| 8 | this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the 1960s and 1970s | ]] | , the growth of yugoslavia ' s gross domestic product averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years . the | |||||
| 10 | seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the 1960s and 1970s , the growth of yugoslavia ' s gross domestic product | ]] | averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years . the state provided housing , health care , education , and | |||||
| 19 | or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 | ]] | - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many | |||||
| 31 | federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by serbian ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the | [[ | nazis made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo albanian - and some elements in | |||||
| 32 | was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by serbian ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the nazis | ]] | made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo albanian - and some elements in the | |||||
| 41 | fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo albanian - and some elements in the bosnian muslim - population to bolster their rule . there | had | has | been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the ussr and the usa to maintain the integrity of | ||||
| 42 | - population to bolster their rule . there had been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the | [[ soviet union | | ussr and the usa to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the | |||||
| 43 | population to bolster their rule . there had been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the ussr | ]] | and the usa to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product | |||||
| 44 | bolster their rule . there had been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the ussr and the | [[ united states | | usa to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous | |||||
| 45 | their rule . there had been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the ussr and the usa | ]] | to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors | |||||
| 47 | in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the imf | ]] | ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the yugoslav communist party , allied to western | |||||
| 50 | onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the yugoslav communist party , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards | [[ | neoliberalism , to the delight of the us . it was the reagan administration which , in 1984 , had adopted " shock therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a | |||||
| 51 | the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the yugoslav communist party , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards neoliberalism | ]] | , to the delight of the us . it was the reagan administration which , in 1984 , had adopted " shock therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist | |||||
| 53 | the yugoslav communist party , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards neoliberalism , to the delight of the us . it was the reagan | | reagan ]] | administration which , in 1984 , had adopted " shock therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the | |||||
| 54 | , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards neoliberalism , to the delight of the us . it was the reagan administration which , in | [[ | 1984 , had adopted " shock therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist | |||||
| 56 | business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards neoliberalism , to the delight of the us . it was the reagan administration which , in 1984 , had adopted | a | " shock therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist | |||||
| 59 | the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in 1981 , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been | the | weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with albania . in 1989 jeffrey | |||||
| 65 | status for kosovo , as well as unification with albania . in 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / | [[ | world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect | |||||
| 67 | as well as unification with albania . in 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy | " | package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s | |||||
| 68 | in 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced in | [[ | 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s shock therapy programme was both unique within | |||||
| 69 | 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced in 1990 | ]] | just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s shock therapy programme was both unique within the | |||||
| 71 | which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s shock therapy | " | programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the 1989 financial operations | |||||
| 89 | level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf shock therapy | " | programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in slovenia | |||||
| 93 | slovenia and croatia to their electorates involved offering to repudiate the marković - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and ' join europe | ' | " | . the appeal of milosević in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . these nationalist appeals were ultimately successful | ||||
| 96 | ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosević in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . these nationalist | ]] | appeals were ultimately successful : in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order | |||||
| 97 | efforts to the break - up of the country . they were aided by the us government ' s stance of sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with the | " | shock therapy programme . indeed , it is likely that the internal dynamics towards yugoslav collapse into civil war may have been inadvertently accelerated by the actions of the [[ george | |||||
| 98 | the break - up of the country . they were aided by the us government ' s stance of sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with the shock therapy | " | programme . indeed , it is likely that the internal dynamics towards yugoslav collapse into civil war may have been inadvertently accelerated by the actions of the [[ george h . | |||||
| 63521475 | 13 | a capitalist restoration . some european governments actually had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of | [[ eastern europe | | east central europe at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one | ||||
| 14 | capitalist restoration . some european governments actually had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of east | ]] [[ | central europe at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side | |||||
| 15 | . some european governments actually had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of east central europe | | central ]] [[ europe ]] | at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a | |||||
| 20 | - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states eager to gain independence for slovenia and croatia ; on the other side was the | [[ | united states , eager to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and ' globalised ' its political economy through shock therapy in order to ensure a regime in | |||||
| 21 | during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states eager to gain independence for slovenia and croatia ; on the other side was the united states | ]] | , eager to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and ' globalised ' its political economy through shock therapy in order to ensure a regime in the country | |||||
| 25 | ; on the other side was the united states , eager to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and ' globalised ' its political economy through shock therapy | " | in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and | |||||
| 34 | the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the vatican , austria , hungary , germany and , more ambivalently , | [[ | italy . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 | |||||
| 35 | forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the vatican , austria , hungary , germany and , more ambivalently , italy | ]] | . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 - | |||||
| 37 | croatia . the real goal of austrian policy was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion | ' ' | " . in the summer of 1991 the ec was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from | |||||
| 38 | was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion " . in the summer of 1991 the | [[ european council | | ec was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did | |||||
| 39 | to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion " . in the summer of 1991 the ec | ]] | was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did not | |||||
| 49 | hungarian goals vis a vis serbia ' s vojvodina province . these manoeuvres by austria and hungary to break up yugoslavia were , of course , then overshadowed by the german | ]] | government ' s drive to derecognise yugoslavia through giving recognition to slovenia and croatia . the german government ' s open championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did not | |||||
| 50 | open championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did not occur until the late spring of 1991 , but long before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from | [[ | bonn for their efforts . there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : | |||||
| 51 | championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did not occur until the late spring of 1991 , but long before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from bonn | ]] | for their efforts . there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia | |||||
| 53 | the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not , of course , supported by the united states . it championed yugoslav unity as did britain | ]] | and france . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of shock therapy on the | |||||
| 54 | same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not , of course , supported by the united states . it championed yugoslav unity as did britain and | [[ | france . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of shock therapy on the country | |||||
| 55 | goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not , of course , supported by the united states . it championed yugoslav unity as did britain and france | ]] | . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of shock therapy on the country as | |||||
| 56 | unity as did britain and france . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of | " | shock therapy on the country as a whole via the imf . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break | |||||
| 57 | did britain and france . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of shock therapy | " | on the country as a whole via the imf . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up | |||||
| 75 | population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by | [[ | 1999 they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ | |||||
| 76 | of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by 1999 | ]] | they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia | |||||
| 80 | slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " | ' ' | one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia | |||||
| 81 | arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " one person , one vote | ' ' | " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia as to devolve power even | |||||
| 132 | war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . recently the | austrian | [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | | orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , | ||||
| 134 | , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . recently the austrian orf tv station showed | [[ ten - day _ war # holmec _ incident | | footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to | |||||
| 137 | [[ moratorium ]] on their independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war | in croatia | war ]] | broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of | |||||
| 148 | was then used by social groups in yugoslavia and in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . some european governments | actually | had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of east central europe at that time . their | |||||
| 63522201 | 0 | thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . | = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = | various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence | ||||
| 63524230 | 0 | white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . | slovenia | this | was accused of shooting them , which was later proven a farce , since all three soldiers are still alive . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement | |||
| 64174882 | 1 | and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not | , of course , | supported by the united states . it championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was not the main thing : | ||||
| 65110897 | 0 | launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = | {{ main | yugoslavia during world war ii }} | = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = at 5 : 15 a . m . on [[ april 6th ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | | ||||
| 65111870 | 1 | albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at | 77 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , < ref > | [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | 77 % ]] of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the | ||||
| 6 | influence since it " ' ' saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion ' ' " . in the summer of 1991 the [[ european council | | ec | ]] was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did | |||||
| 65567472 | 0 | the late [[ 19th century | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the | [[ | berlin congress , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them | ||||
| 1 | [[ 19th century | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the berlin congress | ]] | , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger | |||||
| 66041577 | 0 | after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralysed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = after | tito | melissa | ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ | |||
| 66043842 | 0 | after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralysed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = after | melissa | tito | ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ | |||
| 67313073 | 1 | and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was | an | a | critical turning point in the yugoslav tragedy . in the spring of 1990 , marković was by far the most popular politician , not only in yugoslavia as a whole , | |||
| 68011126 | 2 | ' ' ' ( sfry ) was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as the | ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 | [[ yugoslav wars | ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' . it is also known as the second yugoslavia . ethnic conflicts and the | |||
| 68205631 | 0 | very real concern . in [[ 1915 ]] , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret | treaty of | [[ | london , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | | |||
| 2 | the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret treaty of london , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small | numbers | numtbers | of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 | ||||
| 3 | with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret treaty of london , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of | italians | ialians | lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . in | ||||
| 69296388 | 0 | promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numtbers of | ialians | italians | lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . ]] | |||
| 69392268 | 2 | was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . | {{ fact }} | this campaign was not supported by the united states , which championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was not | ||||
| 3 | , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . | {{ fact }} | also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( | |||||
| 69393098 | 0 | war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small | numtbers | numbers | of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 | |||
| 74361930 | 0 | habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . during the early period of the world war i ( which | penis | started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others | ||||
| 74364507 | 0 | habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . during the early period of the world war i ( which | penis | started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others | ||||
| 76674084 | 0 | neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " | [[ | shock therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party | ||||
| 1 | ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " shock | _ | therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and | |||||
| 2 | , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " shock therapy | _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] | " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the | |||||
| 3 | 1989 ]] [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " | [[ | shock therapy " package , which was then introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one | |||||
| 5 | [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " shock therapy | _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] | " package , which was then introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of | |||||
| 7 | then introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " shock | _ | therapy " programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the 1989 | |||||
| 8 | introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " shock therapy | _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] | " programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the 1989 financial | |||||
| 9 | this level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " | [[ | shock therapy " programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the | |||||
| 10 | level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " shock | _ | therapy " programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists | |||||
| 11 | of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " shock therapy | _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] | " programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in | |||||
| 12 | to the break - up of the country . they were aided by the us government ' s stance of sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with the " | [[ | shock therapy " programme . indeed , it is likely that the internal dynamics towards yugoslav collapse into civil war may have been inadvertently accelerated by the actions of the [[ | |||||
| 13 | the break - up of the country . they were aided by the us government ' s stance of sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with the " shock | _ | therapy " programme . indeed , it is likely that the internal dynamics towards yugoslav collapse into civil war may have been inadvertently accelerated by the actions of the [[ george | |||||
| 14 | break - up of the country . they were aided by the us government ' s stance of sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with the " shock therapy | _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] | " programme . indeed , it is likely that the internal dynamics towards yugoslav collapse into civil war may have been inadvertently accelerated by the actions of the [[ george h | |||||
| 79340239 | 0 | fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . | heyy cutiee ! ! | = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , | ||||
| 80302929 | 0 | = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the | 17th . it was initiated by croat ( hrvatski ) writers and philosophers , as a respond to hundreds of years of torture suffered under austro - hungarian dictatorship . the words of natko nodilo , famous croatian writer from that period , can be still seen on the marble plaque in split , where his dream of a land where serbs and croats live together , is captured for eternity . the movement was known as iliric movement , which grewsteadilly , and gainded serious momentum in the | late [[ 19th century | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ | ||||
| 4 | fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . | england was blessed with its isolated position that protected it in times of wars many times , and it was fighting against habsburgs . | = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , | |||||
| 5 | background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late | [[ | 19th century | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress | |||||
| 80303057 | 0 | plaque in split , where his dream of a land where serbs and croats live together , is captured for eternity . the movement was known as iliric movement , which | grewsteadilly | grew steadilly | , and gainded serious momentum in the late 19th century . at that time the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin | |||
| 80303886 | 0 | inhabited by the serbs and already occupied by the serbian army . after much debate the national council agreed to unification with serbia , although its declaration stated that the final | organization | organisation | of the state should be left to the future constituent assembly . the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party ( | |||
| 80305420 | 3 | western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained | , by the exiled prince and by the internal infighting for power betwen the fractions that wanted to fight nazis and others that wanted to join nazis to fight partizans , | from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they | ||||
| 5 | following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the | nla | nov | , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of | ||||
| 6 | germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the | nla | nov | . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss | ||||
| 8 | the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the | nla | nov | organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated | ||||
| 80306243 | 0 | of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the | nla | nov | was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ | |||
| 2 | the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the | war was over | north of serbia | . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian | ||||
| 6 | | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in [[ june ]] of the same year . westerner | foolish | attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to | |||||
| 80313028 | 2 | it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the | spirit of pluralism | same time | . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s | |||
| 3 | yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years . the state provided | exceptional quality , particularly for western standards , free | housing , health care , education , and child care . citizens lived well on a per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in [[ 1980 ]] | |||||
| 5 | yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 | - it served as an example of collective government for european community , which employed jugoslav rotational presidency principle for eu government as being supreme democratic principle | ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist | |||||
| 8 | party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most | powerful | respected | person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić | ||||
| 9 | state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of | national | nationalistic | identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil | ||||
| 10 | . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities | , encouraged and financially supported by western countries , such as us , italy , australia and germany , among many others - including nato and secret services from so - called " democratic " countries , | escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties | |||||
| 14 | - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest | , which was led by defeated ustaše , known nazist collaborators during the wwii , | and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | | |||||
| 15 | [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and | incarcerated | arrested | the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] | ||||
| 16 | greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , | as many of them were infiltraed perpetrators ( as the exodus of " croatian " communists " into the hdz later on so abundantly demonstrated ) | so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces | |||||
| 17 | = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war two ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational | democratic | state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and | |||||
| 21 | of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital | in order | with an " explanation " that the money is | to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary | ||||
| 22 | europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports | . | . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' | |||||
| 23 | , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . | how convenient | western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s | |||||
| 27 | [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the | final and obvious | delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ | |||||
| 28 | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was | told many times wrongly that | the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] | |||||
| 30 | , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration | " . but then , that was to be expected after four decades of relentless criminal activities that had only one goal in sight . destruction of socialism because it was proving far better and superior to capitalism . the real and only creator of the " shock therapy " was another life - long and strong communist , as well as economics genius , [[ ante marković ]] , jugoslav prime minister in the late 80 ' s | . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this | |||||
| 36 | per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in [[ 1980 ]] dollars ) , with one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave | , if needed | . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society . = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | |||||
| 80313856 | 1 | have been introduced . education and healt services became free all the way to doctorate . jugoslavia was the first democratical country in the world , and it was a socialist | country at | in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in | the same time . yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] | |||
| 4 | per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in [[ 1980 ]] dollars ) , with one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave | , if needed | . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society , reflected in full integration of workers in management of their workplace . results that invariably demonstrated that democratic | |||||
| 6 | political processes is completed , and the government is governed by people for people , not by political parties in the name of people . josip broz tito was the most | respected | powerful | person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić | ||||
| 7 | state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of | nationalistic | national | identities , encouraged and financially supported by western countries , such as us , italy , australia and germany , among many others - including nato and secret services from so | ||||
| 10 | and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the government stifled the public protest , which was led by defeated ustaše , known nazist collaborators during the wwii , and | arrested | incarcerated | the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , as many of them were infiltraed perpetrators ( as the exodus of " croatian " | ||||
| 12 | crisis was the product of orchestrated disastrous errors by destructive infiltrated west - financed and supported elements in yugoslav governments in the 1970s , who borrowed vast amounts of western capital | with an " explanation " that the money is | in order | to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . how convenient . the yugoslav government then accepted the | ||||
| 16 | yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years . the state provided | exceptional quality , particularly for western standards , free | housing , health care , education , and child care . citizens lived well on a per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in [[ 1980 ]] | |||||
| 18 | yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 | - it served as an example of collective government for european community , which employed jugoslav rotational presidency principle for eu government as being supreme democratic principle | ) . to a degree , important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee | |||||
| 20 | . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of nationalistic identities | , encouraged and financially supported by western countries , such as us , italy , australia and germany , among many others - including nato and secret services from so - called " democratic " countries , | escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations hiding behind slogans about | |||||
| 23 | was led by defeated ustaše , known nazist collaborators during the wwii , and arrested the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , | as many of them were infiltraed perpetrators ( as the exodus of " croatian " communists " into the hdz later on so abundantly demonstrated ) | so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces | |||||
| 24 | = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war two ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational | democratic | state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and | |||||
| 25 | usa ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of | orchestrated | disastrous errors by destructive infiltrated west - financed and supported elements in yugoslav governments in the 1970s , who borrowed vast amounts of western capital with an " explanation " that | |||||
| 27 | and supported elements in yugoslav governments in the 1970s , who borrowed vast amounts of western capital with an " explanation " that the money is to fund growth through exports | . | western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . how convenient . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf | |||||
| 32 | communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , this time openly allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the | final and obvious | delight of the us . it was told many times wrongly that the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock | |||||
| 33 | time openly allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the final and obvious delight of the us . it was | told many times wrongly that | the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal | |||||
| 35 | in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration | " . but then , that was to be expected after four decades of relentless criminal activities that had only one goal in sight . destruction of socialism because it was proving far better and superior to capitalism . the real and only creator of the " shock therapy " was another life - long and strong communist , as well as economics genius , [[ ante marković ]] , jugoslav prime minister in the late 80 ' s | . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this | |||||
| 80314145 | 0 | where serbs and croats live together , is captured for eternity . the movement was known as iliric movement , which grew steadilly , and gainded serious momentum in the late | [[ | 19th century . at that time the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , so hope for sovereignty of | ||||
| 3 | slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . | the choice was obvious for two reasons | they chose london as their headquarters | . england was blessed with its isolated position that protected it in times of wars many times , and it was fighting against habsburgs . = = = the yugoslav committee | ||||
| 5 | inhabited by the serbs and already occupied by the serbian army . after much debate the national council agreed to unification with serbia , although its declaration stated that the final | organisation | organization | of the state should be left to the future constituent assembly . the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party ( | ||||
| 8 | wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and increasingly frequent collaboration with italians and | ( less frequently ) | germans against the nov , the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life | |||||
| 9 | killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and increasingly frequent collaboration with italians and germans against the | nov | nla | , the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of | ||||
| 10 | activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and increasingly frequent collaboration with italians and germans against the nov , the allies eventually switched to support the | nov | nla | . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss | ||||
| 12 | the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the | nov | nla | organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated | ||||
| 13 | of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the | nov | nla | was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] was allowed by nov | ||||
| 19 | = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the | 17th . it was initiated by croat ( hrvatski ) writers and philosophers , as a respond to hundreds of years of torture suffered under austro - hungarian dictatorship . the words of natko nodilo , famous croatian writer from that period , can be still seen on the marble plaque in split , where his dream of a land where serbs and croats live together , is captured for eternity . the movement was known as iliric movement , which grew steadilly , and gainded serious momentum in the | late 19th century . at that time the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , so hope for sovereignty | |||||
| 24 | western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained | , by the exiled prince and by the internal infighting for power betwen the fractions that wanted to fight nazis and others that wanted to join nazis to fight partizans , | from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they | |||||
| 26 | | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nov withdrew from trieste in [[ june ]] of the same year . westerner | foolish | attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to | |||||
| 80374705 | 0 | = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ | 19th | 17th | century | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] | |||
| 80376751 | 2 | themselves of tyranies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) but it really gained large momentum | only | at the end of the nineteenth century . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for | ||||
| 80382137 | 0 | [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries . notably , | the | listed in the next paragraphs . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests , fueled and icited by external supporters of the break - up between the republics , had become irreconcilable . | us , england , germany , austria , italy ( which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting | |||
| 7 | - up did not occur until the late spring of 1991 , but long before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from [[ bonn ]] for their efforts . | germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost hundred billions of us dollars in the name of wwii reparations . it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first , when jugoslav president tito offered germany to repay the debt when it recovers from the repaying other countries , and then when germans realised that if jugoslavia disappears , germany could finance , otherwise disastrous , re - unification with east germany . if jugoslavia did not breakup , germany would not have been able to finance its own re - union . | there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up | |||||
| 9 | the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of " shock therapy " on the country as a whole via the imf . | as they always did , they kept the posture of trying to help , when in the background , through their vasals , us was pushing hard for the breakup , looking greedily at real estate and strategic positions around the country , along the long ago proposed highway to turkey . | the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to | |||||
| 10 | up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many | so - called " experts " | would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the [[ 1974 ]] constitution , though better for the | |||||
| 11 | , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation | . nothing could have been further from the truth , as the stellar growth and rapid industrialisation have demonstrated . so external enemies had to play through the system in ord to destabilise the country and make it look like it was crumbling under its own problems . economy and the political system , being socialist one , were the great excuses for imperialist capitalism | . the [[ 1974 ]] constitution , though better for the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and | |||||
| 12 | - 1989 : autonomy ]] < / ref > ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast | due to ever increasing violence of albanians against serbian population , | and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] | |||||
| 13 | majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the | two million | total | population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners {{ fact }} , and initial | ||||
| 22 | to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] | triumphantly , to delight of the countries and enemies of jugoslavia that worked so hard towards its destuction , | declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various | |||||
| 24 | may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries | . notably | , the us , england , germany , austria , italy ( which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way | |||||
| 26 | in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . the collapse of yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . | assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in [[ 1990 ]] - [[ 1991 ]] is a complex matter . but without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration of yugoslavia . the fundamental cause of the yugoslav collapse was an economic crisis . this was then used by social groups in yugoslavia and in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . some [[ europe | european ]] governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ central europe | central ]] [[ europe ]] at that time . | their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states | |||||
| 80382376 | 0 | [[ 17th century | 17th ]] . it was a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who realised that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost | freedon | freedom | was to unite and free themselves of tyranies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and | |||
| 80539975 | 0 | that will eventually help the final destruction of modern jugoslavija in 1990 , along with incessant attacks of imperialist forces from the west , led by us and their faithful , | servile | obedient | allies . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = | |||
| 80540551 | 3 | . the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation | , in order to grab as much land for future hrvatska ( croatia ) as possible , disregarding the actual mak - up of people living in these territories | . the elections for the constituent assembly in [[ november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main serbian parties . [[ communism | communists ]] came third and | ||||
| 80541289 | 4 | following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the | nla | nov | , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of | |||
| 5 | germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the | nla | nov | . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss | ||||
| 8 | the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the | nla | nov | organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated | ||||
| 80541881 | 0 | of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the | nla | nov | was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ | |||
| 3 | 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but | withdrew after the war was over | continued on through hungary in pursuit of withdrawing german forces | . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian | ||||
| 6 | led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in | the first free | post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : | |||||
| 80542773 | 1 | affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of | capitalist incursions | " socialism " and begun rebuilding the country on principles of democratic marxist socialism . that | , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and | |||
| 2 | country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , | to the surprise | in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace | |||||
| 4 | = = = the economy = = = although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism | and open economy | . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s | |||||
| 9 | in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace | which came with socialist and marxist structure of the society | . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 | |||||
| 80544003 | 1 | . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities | , | escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations , supported heavilly by | ||||
| 3 | in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations , supported heavilly by the west , for " greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the regime stifled the | public | destabilising and unfounded | protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party , already corrupted and secretly financially supported by imperialist governments from the west , silently supported this | ||||
| 80546176 | 0 | [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some elements in the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslim ]] - population to bolster their rule . there has been one | external | structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the [[ soviet union | ussr ]] and the [[ united states | ||||
| 1 | . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . | as jugoslavia was the last country in the world germans had yet to repay for the damages made during the occupation in the wwii , capitalist governments in the west , concerned with growing success of jugoslav democratic socialism , offered these funds under supposedly " favourable " conditions . | western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s | |||||
| 3 | then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups | , already created and groomed for years by infiltrated spies and agents ( usually domestic traitors ) | emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] | |||||
| 5 | , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration | " that resulted in a dissolution in horrific war that followed | . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this | |||||
| 7 | | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the | communist party | economy | and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where the links between yugoslav | ||||
| 8 | of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest | , due to the enormous influx of " refugees " from albania , | and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image | |||||
| 12 | would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many | so - called " economic experts " in the west | would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians | |||||
| 80546909 | 4 | following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the | nov | nla | , the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . nazi occupation and ethnic cleansing by ustaše in croatia and bosnia , | |||
| 5 | germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nov , the allies eventually switched to support the | nov | nla | . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . nazi occupation and ethnic cleansing by ustaše in croatia and bosnia , led to great civilian loss of life in most | ||||
| 8 | the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the | nov | nla | organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated | ||||
| 9 | of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the | nov | nla | was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . nov allowed [[ red army ]] to enter jugoslavia | ||||
| 12 | in [[ 1945 ]] . nov allowed [[ red army ]] to enter jugoslavia through romania and aid in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but | continued on through hungary in pursuit of withdrawing german forces | withdrew after the war was over | . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian | ||||
| 18 | the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia refused russian model of | " socialism " and begun rebuilding the country on principles of democratic marxist socialism . that | capitalist incursions | , to the surprise in the west , did mean pluralism and open economy . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s | ||||
| 25 | , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations , supported heavilly by the west , for " greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the | government | regime | stifled the destabilising and unfounded protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party , already corrupted and secretly financially supported by imperialist governments from the | ||||
| 28 | capitalist restoration " that resulted in a dissolution in horrific war that followed . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the society : the socialist link between the | economy | communist party | and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where the links between yugoslav | ||||
| 30 | were more hesitant . they feared that serbia would simply annex the former habsburg territories where there was serbian population present , but the territory was percieved to be theirs . | this fear was strongest in croatian political circles , as large parts of what they thought to be hrvatska ( croatia , as commonly albeit incorrectly called abroad ) was home to a large serbian population . | the national council ' s authority was limited and the italians were moving to take more territory than they had been alloted in an agreement with the yugoslav committee . political | |||||
| 34 | [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a large party claiming to endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation | , in order to grab as much land for future hrvatska ( croatia ) as possible , disregarding the actual mak - up of people living in these territories | . the elections for the constituent assembly in [[ november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main serbian parties . jugoslavia - oriented [[ communism | communists ]] | |||||
| 38 | šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in the first free post - war | elections | independent and established [[ communism | communist ]] republic , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ | |||||
| 41 | refused russian model of " socialism " and begun rebuilding the country on principles of democratic marxist socialism . that , to the surprise in the west , did mean pluralism | and open economy | . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise , as it allowed infiltration of western spies and agents , posing as | |||||
| 42 | to the surprise in the west , did mean pluralism and open economy . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise | , as it allowed infiltration of western spies and agents , posing as businessmen , into the economic millieu of the country and ignite the corruption , both political and economic | . however , it was a long and slow process which did allow yugoslavia to enjoy stability and peace which came with socialist and marxist structure of the society . throughout | |||||
| 44 | of the country and ignite the corruption , both political and economic . however , it was a long and slow process which did allow yugoslavia to enjoy stability and peace | which came with socialist and marxist structure of the society | . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 | |||||
| 47 | [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . what was loudly denounced by capitalist countries as the suppression of national identities | , | escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations , supported heavilly by | |||||
| 52 | [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some elements in the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslim ]] - population to bolster their rule . there has been one | external | structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the [[ soviet union | ussr ]] and the [[ united states | |||||
| 53 | . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . | as jugoslavia was the last country in the world germans had yet to repay for the damages made during the occupation in the wwii , capitalist governments in the west , concerned with growing success of jugoslav democratic socialism , offered these funds under supposedly " favourable " conditions . | western economies then entered recession , which was probably hastened to serve the purpose as well - capitalism has to have recessions , in order to rebuild destroyed internal economies as | |||||
| 55 | then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups | , already created and groomed for years by infiltrated spies and agents ( usually domestic traitors ) | emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] | |||||
| 57 | in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration | " that resulted in a dissolution in horrific war that followed | . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the society : the socialist link between the economy and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied | |||||
| 58 | of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest | , due to the enormous influx of " refugees " from albania , | and where the , then inevitable , economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with [[ albania | |||||
| 62 | would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many | so - called " economic experts " in the west | would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation , looking really for a justification for their own unsuccesful capitalist | |||||
| 80576110 | 3 | following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the | nla | nvo | , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of | |||
| 4 | germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the | nla | nvo | . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss | ||||
| 7 | the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the | nla | nvo | organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated | ||||
| 80967043 | 1 | substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of italians lived | in the coastal cities , | compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . ]] although | ||||
| 80967174 | 0 | of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the | nla | nvo | was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ | |||
| 80967399 | 0 | , the allies eventually switched to support the nvo . however , nvo carried on its guerrilla warfare . germans . italians , ustaše and četnici joined their forces against the | nvoand | nvo and | that led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by | |||
| 81382855 | 0 | fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . | hello | = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , | ||||
| 81385999 | 0 | fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . | hello | = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , | ||||
| 81568143 | 1 | pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the | nineteenth | 19th | century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire | |||
| 82799705 | 8 | , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration | " | . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this | ||||
| 9 | of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest | due to continuous influx of albanian " refugees " from accross the border | and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image | |||||
| 12 | yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . | it was | the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] | |||||
| 82813167 | 6 | yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . | it was | the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration , in [[ 1984 ]] , had supported imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock _ therapy | ||||
| 11 | would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many | of those west - leaning groups in the government and commujnist alliance , were effectively us - paid spies working tirelessly on spreading confusion and making disastrous decisions | would argue | that had led to the collapse of the system eventually . then , the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to all republics | ||||
| 12 | west - leaning groups in the government and commujnist alliance , were effectively us - paid spies working tirelessly on spreading confusion and making disastrous decisions that had led to the | collapse of the system eventually | decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation | . then , the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to all republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the | ||||
| 16 | [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist " restoration | " | . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this | |||||
| 17 | of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest | due to continuous influx of albanian " refugees " from accross the border | and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image | |||||
| 18 | , many of those west - leaning groups in the government and commujnist alliance , were effectively us - paid spies working tirelessly on spreading confusion and making disastrous decisions that | had led to | the collapse of the system eventually . then , the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to all republics , whilst dampening the | |||||
| 83007509 | 0 | a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] . it was a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who | realised | realized | that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom was to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they | |||
| 83667331 | 12 | for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , | reported atrocities against non - serb population | and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nvo , the allies eventually switched to support the nvo . however , nvo carried on its guerrilla | ||||
| 83862003 | 5 | ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three separate political entities that existed | on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] | during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of the [[ south slavs ]] | ||||
| 11 | ]] by king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] | . capitulating only 11 | and capitulated eleven | days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state | ||||
| 20 | it existed under various names . proclaimed as the ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' in [[ 1943 ]] . it changed its name to the | ' ' | " | federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' in [[ 1946 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] it would again change its name to the ' ' | ||||
| 31 | republics of sfry led to the formation of a federation named the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) in 1992 on the | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | | territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . | |||||
| 39 | a term used for the three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the | name means | ' ' land of the [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' | |||||
| 45 | originally formed as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by | king | [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only | |||||
| 47 | of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later | , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] | . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945 | |||||
| 83862592 | 0 | the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first | ideas | idea | of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] . it was a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers | |||
| 2 | a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] . it was a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who | realized | believed | that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom was to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they | ||||
| 3 | century | 17th century ]] . it was a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who realized that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom | was | after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be | to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered | ||||
| 4 | of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who realized that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom was to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships | under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers | . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large | |||||
| 84299894 | 7 | ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became | stronger | weaker and weaker and ever - weaker | . during the early period of the world war i ( which started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] | |||
| 84305972 | 2 | ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became | weaker and weaker and ever - weaker | stronger | . during the early period of the world war i ( which started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] | |||
| 84481043 | 0 | situation . nothing could have been further from the truth , as the stellar growth and rapid industrialisation have demonstrated . so external enemies had to play through the system in | ord | order | to destabilise the country and make it look like it was crumbling under its own problems . economy and the political system , being socialist one , were the great excuses | |||
| 84576496 | 0 | , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks ' terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the | nvo | nov | . however , nvo carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] | |||
| 2 | the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the | nvo | nov | organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated | ||||
| 84576667 | 0 | of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the | nvo | nov | was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ | |||
| 86303859 | 0 | ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of | herbs | serbs | , coats and sleeveless " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] | |||
| 1 | [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of herbs , | coats | croats | and sleeveless " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it | ||||
| 2 | ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of herbs , coats and | sleeveless | slovenes | " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded | ||||
| 86957387 | 1 | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . ]] although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all | [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , [[ bačka ]] and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared | hghyhghghgfeared | a carve - up of croat lands between serbia and italy . there were also quarrels about the designation and command of units of south slav pows in russia now being | |||
| 86957428 | 1 | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . ]] although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all | hghyhghghgfeared | [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , [[ bačka ]] and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared | a carve - up of croat lands between serbia and italy . there were also quarrels about the designation and command of units of south slav pows in russia now being | |||
| 87450359 | 3 | free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , | but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the | uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , | 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman | |||
| 4 | ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th | century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . during the early period of the world war i ( which started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] | cousin 20 removed | , and it began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to | ||||
| 6 | ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds , | especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature | cell 1 | row 1 | , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them increasingly seriously , especially as the fate | ||||
| 7 | ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , | the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments | cell 2 | row 1 | , which began to take them increasingly seriously , especially as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim | ||||
| 9 | because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them increasingly seriously , | especially as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) | cell 1 | row 2 | , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] , which was a very real concern . in [[ 1915 ]] | ||||
| 87450897 | 6 | of rows and even fist - fights in parliament , [[ puniša račić ]] , a [[ montenegrins | montenegrin ]] serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two | croats | croutons | and wounded three others , including [[ stjepan radić ]] ( founder of the croatian peasant party ) , who eventually died . račić gave himself up and was convicted for | |||
| 87452403 | 6 | the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ this is the only reliable information on this page . yuogoslavia is my favorite place . in | a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea | in there you can have rotten egg battles with your mother , cousin , uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd | ||||
| 9 | , cousin , uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th | ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger | 19th cousin 20 removed , and your momclass = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | |||||
| 19 | of rows and even fist - fights in parliament , [[ puniša račić ]] , a [[ montenegrins | montenegrin ]] serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two | croutons | croats | and wounded three others in this famous salad battle of 1987 . many people died , including the tomatos and celery . including [[ stjepan radić ]] ( founder of the | ||||
| 23 | _ this is the only reliable information on this page . yuogoslavia is my favorite place . in there you can have rotten egg battles with your mother , cousin , | uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , | 19th cousin 20 removed , and your momclass = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | |||||
| 24 | , cousin , uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th | cousin 20 removed | , and your momclass = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | row 1 , | |||||
| 27 | - fights in parliament , [[ puniša račić ]] , a [[ montenegrins | montenegrin ]] serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croutons and wounded three others | in this famous salad battle of 1987 . many people died | , including the tomatos and celery . including [[ stjepan radić ]] ( founder of the croatian peasant party ) , who eventually died . račić gave himself up and was | |||||
| 87596151 | 0 | that serbia would simply annex the former habsburg territories . the national council ' s authority was limited and the italians were moving to take more territory than they had been | alloted | allotted | in an agreement with the yugoslav committee . political opinion was divided and serbian ministers said that if croats insisted on their own republic or sort of independence , then serbia | |||
| 87847188 | 4 | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} {{ legend | # c00000 | kosovo }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may | 4th | 4 | ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries , listed | |||
| 5 | from [[ bonn ]] for their efforts . germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost hundred billions of us dollars in the name of | wwii | world war ii | reparations . it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first , when jugoslav president tito offered germany to repay the debt when it recovers from the | ||||
| 9 | [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three separate political entities that existed on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe | ]] | during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; | |||||
| 10 | " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three separate political entities that existed on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] during most of the | [[ | 20th century ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , | |||||
| 18 | background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late | [[ | 17th century ]] , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation | |||||
| 21 | ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . ! header 2 during the early period of the world war i ( which started in [[ 1914 | ]] | ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands | |||||
| 34 | aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in | [[ | europe ]] and pursue a more active international policy . yugoslavia was an obstacle for these plans and king aleksandar i was the pillar of the yugoslav policy . alexander attempted | |||||
| 35 | . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in [[ europe | ]] | and pursue a more active international policy . yugoslavia was an obstacle for these plans and king aleksandar i was the pillar of the yugoslav policy . alexander attempted to create | |||||
| 38 | , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . [[ image : tito . jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of | [[ | 1942 ]] ]] on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko | |||||
| 50 | ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in | [[ | 1961 ]] , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = {{ main | economy of the socialist federal | |||||
| 52 | of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the | [[ | 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an | |||||
| 53 | . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s | ]] | and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life | |||||
| 54 | openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and | [[ | 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of | |||||
| 55 | western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s | ]] | , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years | |||||
| 62 | and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in | [[ | 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , | |||||
| 68 | prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in | [[ | 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics | |||||
| 69 | imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in [[ 1990 | ]] | just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | | |||||
| 74 | wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ central europe | central ]] | [[ | europe ]] at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side | |||||
| 75 | break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ central europe | central ]] [[ europe | ]] | at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a | |||||
| 88735288 | 0 | the republics , had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . | the collapse of yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in 1990 - 1991 is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration of yugoslavia . the fundamental cause of the yugoslav collapse was not an economic crisis . this was barely a pretext used by social groups in yugoslavia and their tutors in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration " which inevitably led to disastrous war and hundreds of thousands of innocent people being murdered in order to save the face of dying and collapsing capitalism . many [[ europe | european ]] governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ central europe | central ]] europe at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states eager to gain " independence " for [[ slovenia ]] and [[ croatia ]] ; on the other side was the [[ united states ]] , eager only to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and " globalised " its political economy through " shock therapy " in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . whether decimated or not . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , us , more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 - 90 the vatican was openly championing independence for slovenia and croatia . {{ fact }} the real goal of austrian policy was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " ' ' saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion ' ' " . in the summer of 1991 the [[ european council ]] was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did not stop austrian efforts . the [[ hungary | hungarian ]] government of [[ józsef antall ]] , elected in the spring of 1990 , adopted a policy very much in line with that of austria , but with additional hungarian goals [[ vis - à - vis ]] serbia ' s [[ vojvodina ]] province . {{ fact }} these manoeuvres by austria and hungary to break up yugoslavia were , of course , then overshadowed by the [[ germany | german ]] government ' s drive to derecognise yugoslavia through giving recognition to slovenia and croatia . the german government ' s open championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did not occur until the late spring of 1991 , but long before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from [[ bonn ]] for their efforts . germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost hundred billions of us dollars in the name of world war ii reparations . it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first , when jugoslav president tito offered germany to repay the debt when it recovers from the repaying other countries , and then when germans realised that if jugoslavia disappears , germany could finance , otherwise disastrous , re - unification with east germany . if jugoslavia did not breakup , germany would not have been able to finance its own re - union . there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . {{ fact }} this campaign on the surface , was not supported by the united states , which championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of " shock therapy " on the country as a whole via the imf . as they always did , they kept the posture of trying to help , when in the background , through their vasals , us was pushing hard for the breakup , looking greedily at real estate and strategic positions around the country , along the long ago proposed highway to turkey . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many so - called " experts " would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . nothing could have been further from the truth , as the stellar growth and rapid industrialisation have demonstrated . so external enemies had to play through the system in order to destabilise the country and make it look like it was crumbling under its own problems . economy and the political system , being socialist one , were the great excuses for imperialist capitalism . the 1974 constitution , though better for the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . in 1990 - 1991 , then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . | in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in | ||||
| 88737083 | 0 | the republics , had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . | the collapse of yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in 1990 - 1991 is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration of yugoslavia . the fundamental cause of the yugoslav collapse was not an economic crisis . this was barely a pretext used by social groups in yugoslavia and their tutors in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration " which inevitably led to disastrous war and hundreds of thousands of innocent people being murdered in order to save the face of dying and collapsing capitalism . many [[ europe | european ]] governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ central europe | central ]] europe at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states eager to gain " independence " for [[ slovenia ]] and [[ croatia ]] ; on the other side was the [[ united states ]] , eager only to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and " globalised " its political economy through " shock therapy " in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . whether decimated or not . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , us , more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 - 90 the vatican was openly championing independence for slovenia and croatia . {{ fact }} the real goal of austrian policy was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " ' ' saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion ' ' " . in the summer of 1991 the [[ european council ]] was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did not stop austrian efforts . the [[ hungary | hungarian ]] government of [[ józsef antall ]] , elected in the spring of 1990 , adopted a policy very much in line with that of austria , but with additional hungarian goals [[ vis - à - vis ]] serbia ' s [[ vojvodina ]] province . {{ fact }} these manoeuvres by austria and hungary to break up yugoslavia were , of course , then overshadowed by the [[ germany | german ]] government ' s drive to derecognise yugoslavia through giving recognition to slovenia and croatia . the german government ' s open championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did not occur until the late spring of 1991 , but long before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from [[ bonn ]] for their efforts . germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost hundred billions of us dollars in the name of world war ii reparations . it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first , when jugoslav president tito offered germany to repay the debt when it recovers from the repaying other countries , and then when germans realised that if jugoslavia disappears , germany could finance , otherwise disastrous , re - unification with east germany . if jugoslavia did not breakup , germany would not have been able to finance its own re - union . there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . {{ fact }} this campaign on the surface , was not supported by the united states , which championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of " shock therapy " on the country as a whole via the imf . as they always did , they kept the posture of trying to help , when in the background , through their vasals , us was pushing hard for the breakup , looking greedily at real estate and strategic positions around the country , along the long ago proposed highway to turkey . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many so - called " experts " would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . nothing could have been further from the truth , as the stellar growth and rapid industrialisation have demonstrated . so external enemies had to play through the system in order to destabilise the country and make it look like it was crumbling under its own problems . economy and the political system , being socialist one , were the great excuses for imperialist capitalism . the 1974 constitution , though better for the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . in 1990 - 1991 , then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . | in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in | ||||
| 88862620 | 0 | their efforts . germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost hundred billions of us dollars in the name of world war ii reparations . | {{ fact }} | it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first , when jugoslav president tito offered germany to repay the debt when it recovers from the repaying other | ||||
| 89136398 | 1 | independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = the idea of a state | for south slavs | = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who | ||||
| 89668748 | 0 | ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three separate political entities that existed on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe | , | during most of the 20th century . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april | ||||
| 89768655 | 1 | up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , us | , | ]] and | more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern | |||
| 3 | us , more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments | in | seeking independence for [[ padania | | northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates | ||||
| 4 | ambivalently , [[ italy ]] which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy | , | ]] . | through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , | ||||
| 5 | identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring | jugoslavia | yugoslavia attracted attention from countries such as the [[ uk ]] | , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , | ||||
| 16 | neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested | [[ | mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild | |||||
| 17 | jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins | , trained by the cia . | ]] | . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 - | ||||
| 90076309 | 2 | dictatorship = = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king aleksandar i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country | yugoslavia | . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] | ||||
| 3 | king aleksandar i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . | however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became the absolute ruler in the [[ soviet union ]] . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . yugoslavia was an obstacle for these plans and king aleksandar i was the pillar of the yugoslav policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . | during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | | |||||
| 90079596 | 4 | | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = jew country . | serbia rules | he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions | . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | |||
| 91264744 | 0 | future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . = = = the unification of | south slavs | slovenes , croats and serbs | = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . | |||
| 91722148 | 0 | before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from [[ bonn ]] for their efforts . germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost | a | hundred billions of us dollars in the name of world war ii reparations . {{ fact }} it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first , | ||||
| 1 | that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from [[ bonn ]] for their efforts . germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost hundred | billions of | billion | us dollars in the name of world war ii reparations . {{ fact }} it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first , when jugoslav president | ||||
| 91986037 | 2 | congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them | became stronger | gained momentum | . during the early period of the world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ | |||
| 3 | , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london | , | where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . = = = | |||||
| 7 | the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them | increasingly | more | seriously , especially as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south | ||||
| 10 | italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] , which was a very real concern . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with | a | promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively substantial numbers of | |||||
| 12 | of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively substantial numbers of italians | lived | living | in the coastal cities , compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies | ||||
| 15 | = = = however , during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid | the | foundation of the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by | |||||
| 16 | = = however , during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation | of | for | the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings | ||||
| 20 | vested its sovereignty in the new [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state abroad . however | , | quarrels broke out immediately about the terms of the proposed union with serbia . svetozar pribićević , a croatian serb , a leader of the croatian - serbian coalition and vice | |||||
| 28 | these plans and king aleksandar i was the pillar of the yugoslav policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions | , | and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect | |||||
| 29 | politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . | the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] | during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | | |||||
| 34 | south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . during the early period of | the | world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović | |||||
| 38 | . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them increasingly seriously | , especially | as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with | |||||
| 39 | make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them increasingly seriously , especially as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] looked more uncertain | . | while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern | |||||
| 44 | and [[ germany ]] , [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became the absolute ruler | in the [[ soviet union ]] | . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i | |||||
| 46 | wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . | yugoslavia was an obstacle for these plans and king aleksandar i was the pillar of the yugoslav policy . | alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were | |||||
| 47 | surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 | , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] | by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ imro ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , | |||||
| 92351974 | 0 | , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = yeah | = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas | so | . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them more seriously | |||
| 1 | officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . | because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them more seriously as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] became more uncertain | . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate | |||||
| 2 | to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them more seriously as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] became more uncertain . | while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] | . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with a promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] | |||||
| 92473164 | 1 | and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = | southern slavic state | wikipedia | = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who | |||
| 92486964 | 1 | and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = yugoslavia = = = = = | wikipedia | southern slavic state | = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who | |||
| 92889222 | 0 | * http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html = = legacy = = | = = = new states = = = | the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic | ||||
| 93812800 | 0 | of the countries and enemies of jugoslavia that worked so hard towards its destuction , declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . | he had a huge cock . | = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ | ||||
| 93812847 | 0 | of the countries and enemies of jugoslavia that worked so hard towards its destuction , declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . | he had a huge cock . | = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ | ||||
| 93813165 | 0 | by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . | hitler had a huge cock . | westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led | ||||
| 93838392 | 0 | by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . | hitler had a huge cock . | westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led | ||||
| 93924283 | 6 | : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : | jugoslavia | jugoszlávia | ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] | |||
| 94134661 | 3 | ]] ; [[ kosova ]] in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ | united nations | | un ]] from [[ 1999 ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in | ||||
| 94615243 | 0 | june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid the foundation for the post - | war state | w te | was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by | |||
| 94641936 | 0 | june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid the foundation for the post - | w te | war state | was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by | |||
| 95097441 | 1 | and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south | slavs | slaves | of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor | |||
| 95139561 | 2 | from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent and respect the south | slaves | slavs | of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor | |||
| 3 | stojanović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent | and respect | the south slaves of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' | |||||
| 95350346 | 0 | now the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state | , it ' s | and its | perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most present - day independent states yugonostalgic sentiments are considered improper . = = miscellaneous = | |||
| 95417797 | 0 | the republics , had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . | the collapse of yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in 1990 - 1991 is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration of yugoslavia . the fundamental cause of the yugoslav collapse was not an economic crisis . this was barely a pretext used by social groups in yugoslavia and their tutors in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration " which inevitably led to disastrous war and hundreds of thousands of innocent people being murdered in order to save the face of dying and collapsing capitalism . many [[ europe | european ]] governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ central europe | central ]] europe at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states eager to gain " independence " for [[ slovenia ]] and [[ croatia ]] ; on the other side was the [[ united states ]] , eager only to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and " globalised " its political economy through " shock therapy " in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . whether decimated or not . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , the [[ us ]] and more ambivalently [[ italy ]] . italy which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments seeking independence for [[ padania | northern italy ]] . through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring yugoslavia attracted attention from countries such as the [[ uk ]] , [[ the netherlands ]] , [[ albania ]] and even such distant countries as [[ australia ]] , [[ saudi - arabia ]] , [[ libya ]] , and [[ al - qaida ]] ' s afghan - tested [[ mujaheedins ]] . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 - 90 the vatican was openly championing independence for slovenia and croatia . {{ fact }} the real goal of austrian policy was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " ' ' saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion ' ' " . | in the summer of 1991 the [[ european council ]] was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded | ||||
| 98746734 | 1 | republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests | , fueled and icited by external supporters of the break - up between the republics , | had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . in the summer | ||||
| 3 | the republics , had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . | in the summer of 1991 the [[ european council ]] was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did not stop austrian efforts . the [[ hungary | hungarian ]] government of [[ józsef antall ]] , elected in the spring of 1990 , adopted a policy very much in line with that of austria , but with additional hungarian goals [[ vis - à - vis ]] serbia ' s [[ vojvodina ]] province . {{ fact }} these manoeuvres by austria and hungary to break up yugoslavia were , of course , then overshadowed by the [[ germany | german ]] government ' s drive to derecognise yugoslavia through giving recognition to slovenia and croatia . the german government ' s open championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did not occur until the late spring of 1991 , but long before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from [[ bonn ]] for their efforts . germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost a hundred billion us dollars in the name of world war ii reparations . {{ fact }} it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first , when jugoslav president tito offered germany to repay the debt when it recovers from the repaying other countries , and then when germans realised that if jugoslavia disappears , germany could finance , otherwise disastrous , re - unification with east germany . if jugoslavia did not breakup , germany would not have been able to finance its own re - union . {{ fact }} there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . {{ fact }} this campaign on the surface , was not supported by the united states , which championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of " shock therapy " on the country as a whole via the imf . as they always did , they kept the posture of trying to help , when in the background , through their vasals , us was pushing hard for the breakup , looking greedily at real estate and strategic positions around the country , along the long ago proposed highway to turkey . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many so - called " experts " would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . nothing could have been further from the truth , as the stellar growth and rapid industrialisation have demonstrated . so external enemies had to play through the system in order to destabilise the country and make it look like it was crumbling under its own problems . economy and the political system , being socialist one , were the great excuses for imperialist capitalism . the 1974 constitution , though better for the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . in 1990 - 1991 , then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course | . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people | |||||
| 9 | bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . | the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] triumphantly , to delight of the countries and enemies of jugoslavia that worked so hard towards its destuction , declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . | = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ | |||||
| 98951763 | 0 | as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within | the | federation . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous | ||||
| 98954754 | 3 | : autonomy ]] < / ref > ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to | the | ever increasing violence of albanians against serbian population , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . far cry from the days | ||||
| 4 | was falling fast due to ever increasing violence of albanians against serbian population , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . | this was a | far cry from the days when it was the other way around , not even hundred years ago . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan | |||||
| 5 | , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . far cry from the days when it was the other way around , | not even | less than a | hundred years ago . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners {{ fact }} , | ||||
| 19 | was ordered by the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for | the | most time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on | |||||
| 99751122 | 0 | over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ | slovenians | slovenes | italians | ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the | |||
| 102647538 | 1 | acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . these states are signatiories of various partnership agreements with the european union . from [[ january 1 ]] [[ 2007 ]] they | will be | have been | encircled by member - states of eu . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties | |||
| 102669832 | 0 | an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . | = = = | the independent state of croatia = = = {{ main | independent state of croatia }} [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of | ||||
| 103170444 | 0 | the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th | century | centurydadum dumdumdum | . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] | |||
| 103170809 | 0 | the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th | centurydadum dumdumdum | century | . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] | |||
| 103885949 | 1 | joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] | , | wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . | ||||
| 104541133 | 2 | ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the | population of kosovo in the 1980s , < ref > | [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy ]] < / ref > ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo | ||||
| 105888134 | 0 | and society . = = = population = = = the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 | 13 | 15 | , 000 , 000 million . = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league | |||
| 106563175 | 0 | slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created | the | their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region | ||||
| 106610897 | 0 | , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . | i will eat your shit ! u fuck my mother ! don ' t look at me like that ! suck my tits ! - borat ! | = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , | ||||
| 106612083 | 0 | , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . | i will eat your shit ! u fuck my mother ! don ' t look at me like that ! suck my tits ! - borat ! borat - " i could not understand this old man was saying " all i could think of was this cj in her red water underpanties " fuck you motherfuckers ! ! - uzbeckisthan - so you are saying , the guys who tried to put a rubber fist in my anus was homosexual ? - the next morning i had a meeting with a man who has a genuine chocolate face . no make up ! - this is my neighbour - ulthukshan thuliyakbai - he is pain in my assholes ! i buy a windo from a glass , he must buy a window from a glass . i buy a step , he must buy a step . i buy a clock radio , he cannot afford ! ! great success ! . . . | = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , | ||||
| 107220473 | 3 | conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within the federation | , albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia | . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people | ||||
| 5 | burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia had been dispossessed of | its attributes of statehood | kosovo and vojvodina was reduced | by the new 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the | ||||
| 15 | denounced as the revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , | though | but | both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which | ||||
| 19 | of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to | several reasons , among them being | the ever increasing violence of albanians against serbian population , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . this was a far | |||||
| 20 | the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to the ever increasing | violence of albanians against serbian population | ethnic tensions | , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . this was a far cry from the days when it was the other | ||||
| 21 | falling fast due to the ever increasing violence of albanians against serbian population , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . | this was | less than | a far cry from the days when it was the other way around , less than a hundred years before . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ | ||||
| 34 | sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , | it was becoming | they got | more and more involved in state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from | ||||
| 43 | surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed | on | upon | . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium | ||||
| 45 | was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , | agreed upon | recognized | by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their illegal independence declarations . during these three | ||||
| 54 | fact | date = february 2007 }} , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police | to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient | force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was ordered by the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress | |||||
| 57 | on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets | in order | to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . | |||||
| 60 | agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their illegal independence | declarations | . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke | |||||
| 107864960 | 1 | reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the | republican | republic ' s | government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member | |||
| 5 | 77 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . | the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast | faster | due to several reasons , among them being the ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . | ||||
| 6 | fast due to several reasons , among them being the ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population | of the province | . less than a hundred years before , it was the other way around . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ | |||||
| 7 | presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . initial strikes | later | turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s | |||||
| 13 | running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency | of yugoslavia | council | in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[ | ||||
| 107899114 | 2 | and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . serbia found that its hands were tied , for the | republic ' s | republican | government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member | |||
| 3 | 77 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . | entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . | [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian | |||||
| 4 | the majority . the [[ serbs ]] were leaving kosovo for about a century , mostly they moved north for economic reasons . but now , their numbers were falling even | faster | the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast | due to ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population of the province . less than a hundred | ||||
| 13 | ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) , which was in the hands of ethnic serbs and montenegrins , met with the presidency | council | of yugoslavia | in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[ | ||||
| 26 | 77 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . | the [[ serbs ]] were leaving kosovo for about a century , mostly they moved north for economic reasons . but now , their numbers were falling | even faster due to ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population of the province . less than | |||||
| 27 | now , their numbers were falling even faster due to ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population | of the province | . less than a hundred years before , it was the other way around . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ | |||||
| 28 | presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . initial strikes | later | turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s | |||||
| 107938591 | 20 | living in the coastal cities surrounded by slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 | . | ]] although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non - | ||||
| 22 | decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled | . | ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during | |||||
| 29 | . = = = breakup = = = {{ unreferenced | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ may | 4 | ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist | |||||
| 54 | }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years | . | ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be | |||||
| 108237434 | 0 | , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . | penis ! ! ! | = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , | ||||
| 108247729 | 0 | , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . | penis ! ! ! | = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , | ||||
| 109375448 | 0 | and society . = = = population = = = the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 | it was | 15 , 200 , 000 million . = = = the government = = = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the | so that they could get free porn . . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic | |||
| 4 | [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . well the people sucked dick to get liberated and fuckin fucked 24 hours a day so | - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the [[ nazis ]] made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use [[ croatia | croatian ]] [[ fascism ]] for barbarous acts against the serbs and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some elements in the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslim ]] population - to bolster their rule . there has been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the [[ soviet union | ussr ]] and the [[ united states | usa ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in 1984 , had adopted a " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in 1981 , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image : ante marković . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ ante marković ]] ]] in 1989 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the 1989 financial operations act which required that if an enterprise was insolvent for 30 days running , or for 30 days within a 45 day period , it had to settle with its creditors either by giving them ownership or by being liquidated , in which case workers would be sacked , normally without severance payments . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of 1990 directly following the adoption of the imf programme , another 889 enterprises with a combined work - force of 525 , 000 workers suffered the same fate . in other words , in less than two years " the trigger mechanism " ( under the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . a further 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the yugoslav tragedy . in the spring of 1990 , marković was by far the most popular politician , not only in yugoslavia as a whole , but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to rally the population for yugoslavism against the particularist nationalisms of [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] in [[ serbia ]] or [[ franjo tuđman | tuđman ]] in [[ croatia ]] and he should have been able to count on the obedience of the armed forces . he was supported by 83 % of the population in croatia , by 81 % in serbia and by 59 % in slovenia and by 79 % in yugoslavia as a whole . this level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in [[ slovenia ]] and croatia to their electorates involved offering to repudiate the marković - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and " join europe " . the appeal of milošević in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . these [[ nationalism | nationalist ]] appeals were ultimately successful : in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . the newly elected regional government then turned their efforts to the break - up of the country . they were aided by the us government ' s stance of sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with the " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme . indeed , it is likely that the internal dynamics towards yugoslav collapse into civil war may have been inadvertently accelerated by the actions of the [[ george h . w . bush | bush ]] administration . the few european states with strategic interests in the yugoslav theatre tended to favour fragmentation . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to the republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ unreferenced | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and even vojvodina and kosovo , provinces in serbia . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to several reasons , among them being the ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . less than a hundred years before , it was the other way around . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon the illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced | that they could get free porn . . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of | |||||
| 5 | | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . well the people sucked dick to get liberated and fuckin fucked 24 hours a day so that they | could get free porn | were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities | . . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro | ||||
| 112622292 | 0 | century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the | [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] | various empires | would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians | |||
| 115312596 | 0 | , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . | hi my name is bob | = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , | ||||
| 115313242 | 0 | , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . | hi my name is bob | = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , | ||||
| 115465480 | 0 | - states of eu . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = | the | similarity of the languages and long history of common life have left many ties between the peoples of the new states , even though the state policies of the new states | ||||
| 1 | ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = similarity of the languages and | the | long history of common life have left many ties between the peoples of the new states , even though the state policies of the new states favours differentiation , particularly in | |||||
| 2 | european union ]] ' ' . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = similarity of the languages and long history of common life have left many ties | between | among | the peoples of the new states , even though the state policies of the new states favours differentiation , particularly in the language area . once the [[ serbo - croatian | ||||
| 4 | similarity of the languages and long history of common life have left many ties between the peoples of the new states , even though the state policies of the new states | favours | favour | differentiation , particularly in the language area . once the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several literary and spoken variants and was also | ||||
| 6 | though the state policies of the new states favours differentiation , particularly in the language area . once the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language | , | with several literary and spoken variants and was also the lingua - franca where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ | |||||
| 7 | states favours differentiation , particularly in the language area . once the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several literary and spoken variants and | also | was also the lingua - franca where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now separate standards | |||||
| 8 | the language area . once the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several literary and spoken variants and was also the lingua - franca | used | where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] | |||||
| 10 | bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ serbian language ]] and to some extent also the [[ montenegrin language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first | - | generation offspring of such marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of | |||||
| 11 | language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ serbian language ]] and to some extent also the [[ montenegrin language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first generation | offspring | children | of such marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages | ||||
| 12 | language ]] , [[ serbian language ]] and to some extent also the [[ montenegrin language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first generation offspring of such marriages have | difficulties | difficulty | with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up | ||||
| 16 | of such marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages | has | have either | to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred | ||||
| 17 | marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages has to | either take up | assume the ethnic identity of | one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy | ||||
| 18 | a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare | him - or herself | as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most present - | |||||
| 19 | determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare as undecided . remembrance of the | times | time | of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most present - day independent states yugonostalgic sentiments are considered | ||||
| 21 | long history of common life have left many ties between the peoples of the new states , even though the state policies of the new states favours differentiation , particularly in | the | language area . once the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several literary and spoken variants and was also the lingua - franca where | |||||
| 22 | of common life have left many ties between the peoples of the new states , even though the state policies of the new states favours differentiation , particularly in the language | area | . once the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several literary and spoken variants and was also the lingua - franca where other languages | |||||
| 23 | favours differentiation , particularly in the language area . once the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several literary and spoken variants and was | also | the lingua - franca where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now separate standards exist for | |||||
| 25 | and to some extent also the [[ montenegrin language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first generation offspring of such marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave | the | rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities | |||||
| 26 | ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up one | of the | parent ' s ethnicities or declare as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija | |||||
| 27 | this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up one of the parent | ' s ethnicities | or declare as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most | |||||
| 115469794 | 0 | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ serbian language ]] and the [[ | montenegrin | serbian | language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first - generation children of such marriages have difficulty with ethnic identification . this gave rise to the statistical category of yugoslav | |||
| 2 | the statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now , the children of mixed marriages have either to assume the ethnic identity of one parent or declare him | - | or herself as undecided . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most | |||||
| 115537912 | 0 | camps for anti - fascists , communists , serbs , gypsies and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children | , mostly serbs , | were executed in these camps , most of whom were serbs . according to mile budak , croatia planned to kill a third of serbs , convert a third to catholicism | ||||
| 2 | camps , most of whom were serbs . according to mile budak , croatia planned to kill a third of serbs , convert a third to catholicism , and ethnically cleanse | ( expel ) | the last third . = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance | |||||
| 3 | , communists , serbs , gypsies and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children were executed in these camps | , most of whom were serbs | . according to mile budak , croatia planned to kill a third of serbs , convert a third to catholicism , and ethnically cleanse the last third . = = = | |||||
| 115750122 | 0 | army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but | were | they | soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded | |||
| 2 | chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to | german reprisals against the serb civilian population | collaborate with nazis | . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks | ||||
| 5 | actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . | regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . | however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and | |||||
| 115837604 | 2 | into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but | they | were | soon started to collaborate with nazis . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . however , nov carried | |||
| 3 | largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but they soon | started | restrained from taking wider actions due | to collaborate with nazis . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . however , nov carried on its | ||||
| 4 | army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but they soon started to | collaborate with nazis | german reprisals against the serb civilian population | . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the | ||||
| 5 | ]] , but they soon started to collaborate with nazis . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . | regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . | however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and | |||||
| 116050929 | 0 | of government and society . = = = population = = = the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 million . after it broke in 1990 it was | 15 . 2 | 152 | million . = = = the government = = = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to | |||
| 232995617 | 0 | herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is | [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | | in dispute ) image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : | ||||
| 1 | image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is in dispute | ]] | ) image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of | |||||
| 234144443 | 0 | ten - day war ]] . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within | the | next 48 hours . however , because of the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts that the federation is under attack by foreign forces , and the fact that the | ||||
| 1 | in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , because of the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts that the federation | is | was | under attack by foreign forces , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on the ground where they served their conscription , | ||||
| 234866478 | 0 | to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * cigar , norman , : ' ' genocide in | bosina | bosnia | : the policy of ethnic - cleansing ' ' . college station : texas a & m university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken | |||
| 237605005 | 2 | this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the | federal | federative | people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | |||
| 237910349 | 2 | this name was the democratic federative yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the | federative | federal | people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federative republic of yugoslavia | |||
| 241009598 | 0 | federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as | yugoslavia | yugoslaviafudge | . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | |||
| 1 | century ]] . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was | known | fudheknown | as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . it was established on [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] by the union of the [[ state of slovenes | ||||
| 241009636 | 0 | federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as | yugoslaviafudge | yugoslavia | . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | |||
| 1 | century ]] . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was | fudheknown | known | as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . it was established on [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] by the union of the [[ state of slovenes | ||||
| 241638823 | 2 | , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied | recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly | aid and support | . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , | |||
| 4 | into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but | were | soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , while cooperating with the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed | |||||
| 5 | the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon | focused increasingly on combating | drawn into combat with | the partisans , while cooperating with the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist | ||||
| 6 | royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , while cooperating with the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . | by | before | the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed | ||||
| 9 | , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of | tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying | american | forces we the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . fyr of macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since [[ january 1 ]] , [[ 2007 ]] , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ slovenia ]] < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 177007031 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * cigar , norman , : ' ' genocide in bosnia : the policy of ethnic - cleansing ' ' . college station : texas a & m university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia ' ' , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : saqi , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' [[ history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 - 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . new york : penguin books , 1997 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west went wrong " ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ga : an iúgslaiv ]] [[ gl : iugoslavia - југославија ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : juhosłowjanska ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ jv : yugoslavia ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ mr : युगोस्लाव्हिया ]] [[ ms : yugoslavia ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ nn : jugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ qu : yuguslawya ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ simple : yugoslavia ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ sh : jugoslavija ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | lolololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololo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| ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " or " land of [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . it was established on [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent socialist republics that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ sap kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr slovenia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on [[ march 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] . it was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining ( non - secessionist ) republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . during the early period of [[ world war i ]] , a number of prominent political figures from south slavic lands under the [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] fled to [[ london ]] , where they began work on forming the [[ yugoslav committee ]] to represent the southern slavs of austria - hungary . these yugoslavs were citizens who identified themselves with the movement toward a single yugoslav or south slavic state and the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the south slav lands with the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which was independent although occupied at the time ) . with the defeat of the [[ central powers ]] in world war i and the collapse of the austro - hungarian empire , various south slavic territories were quickly grouped together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] . the new kingdom was made up of the formerly independent kingdoms of serbia and [[ kingdom of montenegro | montenegro ]] ( which had unified in the previous month ) , as well as a substantial amount of territory that was formerly part of [[ austria - hungary ]] , the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . the lands previously in austria - hungary that formed the new state included [[ croatia ]] , [[ slavonia ]] and [[ vojvodina ]] from the [[ hungary | hungarian ]] part of the empire , [[ carniola ]] , part of [[ styria ( duchy ) | styria ]] and most of [[ dalmatia ]] from the [[ cisleithania | austrian ]] part , and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 250px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other [[ europe ]] an powers stemming from developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization . alexsandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vlatko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia | croatian banovina ]] ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ image : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović | stjepan " stevo " filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) seconds before plunging to his death . ]] {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi italians ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and [[ hungary | hungarian ]] forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] [[ puppet state ]] , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . one such camp was the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . a large number of men , women and children , jews , serbs , and croat resistance members , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a croatian national . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , while cooperating with the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces we the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six socialist republics , a socialist autonomous province , and a socialist autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : # [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] and metohija , with the capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro , were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo - metohija ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] celebration . ]] on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustashe ]] which committed genocide against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs . while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created in ethnic albanian - majority populated [[ kosovo ]] and the mixed - populated [[ vojvodina ]] . these autonomous provinces held the same voting power as the republics but unlike the republics , they could not legally separate from yugoslavia . this concession satisfied croatia and slovenia , but in serbia and in the new autonomous province of kosovo , reaction was different . serbs saw the new constitution as conceding to croat and ethnic albanian nationalists . ethnic albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeoprodizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in 1984 , had adopted a " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . in 1989 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the 1989 financial operations act which required that if an enterprise was insolvent for 30 days running , or for 30 days within a 45 day period , it had to settle with its creditors either by giving them ownership or by being liquidated , in which case workers would be sacked , normally without severance payments . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of 1990 directly following the adoption of the imf programme , another 889 enterprises with a combined work - force of 525 , 000 workers suffered the same fate . in other words , in less than two years " the trigger mechanism " ( under the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . a further 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = in the spring of 1990 , ante marković was by far the most popular politician , not only in yugoslavia as a whole , but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to rally the population for yugoslavism against the particularistic nationalisms of [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] in [[ serbia ]] or [[ franjo tuđman | tuđman ]] in [[ croatia ]] and he should have been able to count on the obedience of the armed forces . he was supported by 83 % of the population in croatia , by 81 % in serbia and by 59 % in slovenia and by 79 % in yugoslavia as a whole . this level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in [[ slovenia ]] and croatia to their electorates involved offering to repudiate the marković - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and " join europe " . the appeal of milošević in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . these [[ nationalism | nationalist ]] appeals were ultimately successful : in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . the newly elected regional government then turned their efforts to the break - up of the country . they were aided by the us government ' s stance of sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with the " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme . the few european states with strategic interests in the yugoslav theatre tended to favor fragmentation . there were also other specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue {{ fact | date = february 2008 }} that the decentralized market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to the republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | left | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb communities within croatia rebelling and trying to secede from the croat republic . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 87 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was quickly declining for several reasons , among them the ever increasing ethnic tensions and subsequent emigration from the area . by 1999 the slavs formed as little as 10 % of the total population in kosovo . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovan republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenes , supported by croats , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to secede from power peacefully . other yugoslav republics - especially serbia - were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) against the two of the union but as the year passed other republics communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation - serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater autonomy of the republics ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , since it became clear that serbian domination attempts and increasingly different levels of democratic standards are becoming increasingly incompatible . [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia wouldn ' t accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces by the secessionist forces . when in august 1990 croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina led to a war that lasted more than 3 years ( see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of the yugoslav republic of macedonia was peaceful . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from the dalmatian coast towards the inland almost a year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to [[ home guard ]] ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal importation of arms , ( following the disaramament of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] , croatia , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving it through a crowd of people . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also , guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the army was seen as a serbian service by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics . by this proposal republics would have right to self - determination . however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police was already slovenian before declaring independence . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within the next 48 hours . however , because of the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts that the federation was under attack by foreign forces , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on the ground where they served their conscription , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defense , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army - houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana - zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport were killed . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the police forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some strategic places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in most others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . it is interesting that the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , albanians formed [[ kosovo liberation army ]] . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until an agreement was brokered between nato and milošević ' s government , with russia acting as intermediary . yugoslavia withdrew its forces from kosovo , in return for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 46 governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] , [[ 2000 ]] . on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . fyr of macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since [[ january 1 ]] , [[ 2007 ]] , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ slovenia ]] < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 177007031 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * cigar , norman , : ' ' genocide in bosnia : the policy of ethnic - cleansing ' ' . college station : texas a & m university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia ' ' , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : saqi , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' [[ history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 - 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . new york : penguin books , 1997 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west went wrong " ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ga : an iúgslaiv ]] [[ gl : iugoslavia - југославија ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : juhosłowjanska ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ jv : yugoslavia ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ mr : युगोस्लाव्हिया ]] [[ ms : yugoslavia ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ nn : jugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ qu : yuguslawya ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ simple : yugoslavia ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ sh : jugoslavija ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | ||||
| 243408006 | 0 | south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the | [[ | 20th century ]] . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] | ||||
| 243549350 | 4 | alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country | yugoslavia | fugoslavia | . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other [[ europe ]] an | |||
| 6 | absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] wanted to revise the international | treaties | drug deals | signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine | ||||
| 7 | [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization . alexsandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council | headed by | that gave head to | his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was | ||||
| 243549424 | 0 | 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander | iv | i | of fugoslavia | alexander iv ]] banned national political parties in 1529 , assumed executive power and renamed the country fugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist | |||
| 4 | alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander iv of fugoslavia | alexander iv ]] banned national political parties in 1529 , assumed executive power and renamed the country | fugoslavia | yugoslavia | . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist assions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other [[ europe ]] an | ||||
| 6 | absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] wanted to revise the international | drug deals | treaties | signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine | ||||
| 7 | [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization . alexsandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council | that gave head to | headed by | his cousin [[ prince paulina of yugoslavia | prince paulina ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was | ||||
| 243609285 | 0 | nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . | = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 | afdgdnmv | . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | |||
| 243960994 | 1 | a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . the first country | sucks balls | to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the kingdom of serbs | ||||
| 243962611 | 2 | three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . jesus bites cock ! the first country | sucks balls | to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the kingdom of serbs | ||||
| 244325833 | 30 | = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 | ]] | , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ | ||||
| 244473208 | 0 | right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and | jeoprodizing | jeopardizing | the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , | |||
| 246067912 | 5 | 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | | 250px | 200px | | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] celebration . ]] on 7 april 1963 the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | |||
| 246706391 | 0 | parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon | ran into the obstacle of | encountered | opposition from other [[ europe ]] an powers stemming from developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis | |||
| 246981274 | 0 | 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeopardizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s | which | was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession | ||||
| 246981845 | 0 | [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the | same | time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] | ||||
| 1 | the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in 1990 | just | at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock | |||||
| 246982301 | 2 | , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed | ; | creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = | ||||
| 246983138 | 0 | the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme and ec conditionality | and it was | . | this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in [[ slovenia ]] and croatia to their electorates | |||
| 3 | milošević in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . these [[ nationalism | nationalist ]] appeals were ultimately successful | : | . | in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . the | ||||
| 4 | preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme and ec conditionality and it was this | which | gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in [[ slovenia ]] and croatia to their electorates involved offering | |||||
| 247526130 | 3 | [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to [[ | croatian home guard | | home guard ]] ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the | ||||
| 4 | upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ | debt moratorium | | moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in | |||||
| 247526296 | 0 | assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon encountered opposition from other | [[ europe ]] an | european | powers stemming from developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the | |||
| 6 | " or " land of [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe | ]] | , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was | |||||
| 7 | war i ]] , a number of prominent political figures from south slavic lands under the [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] fled to | [[ | london ]] , where they began work on forming the [[ yugoslav committee ]] to represent the southern slavs of austria - hungary . these yugoslavs were citizens who identified themselves | |||||
| 8 | ]] , a number of prominent political figures from south slavic lands under the [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] fled to [[ london | ]] | , where they began work on forming the [[ yugoslav committee ]] to represent the southern slavs of austria - hungary . these yugoslavs were citizens who identified themselves with the | |||||
| 12 | to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon encountered opposition from other [[ europe ]] an powers stemming from developments in [[ italy | ]] | and [[ germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph | |||||
| 18 | joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ germany | ]] | wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . | |||||
| 26 | as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy | ]] | . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . | |||||
| 31 | was voted by the rest of mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with | [[ united states | | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo | |||||
| 33 | non - albanian refugees . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and | [[ | russia ]] , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member | |||||
| 247935764 | 4 | = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 200px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ | aftermath | flag | of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty | |||
| 14 | treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its | }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with | |||||
| 54 | albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of | sfr yugoslavia and | new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and | |||||
| 250205625 | 0 | single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . | during the early period of [[ world war i ]] , a number of prominent political figures from south slavic lands under the [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] fled to london , where they began work on forming the [[ yugoslav committee ]] to represent the southern slavs of austria - hungary . these yugoslavs were citizens who identified themselves with the movement toward a single yugoslav or south slavic state | you are gay ! ! ! ! ! ! yugoslavia is gay | and the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the south slav lands with the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which was independent although occupied at the time | |||
| 251362503 | 0 | whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the | croat | mexican | protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were | |||
| 251362755 | 0 | of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the | events | poop | that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance | |||
| 251362767 | 0 | of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the | poop | events | that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance | |||
| 251363174 | 2 | whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the | mexican | croat | protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were | |||
| 252030969 | 0 | with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = | the present - day | fully recognized | countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} * ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' ( status as an independent | |||
| 252035354 | 1 | with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = | fully recognized | countries created from the former yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo | ||||
| 2 | , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < gallery caption = " flags of the new | recognized | states " perrow = 4 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag | |||||
| 252792883 | 0 | 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned | national political parties in 1929 | yo mama | , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon encountered opposition from | |||
| 252793190 | 0 | 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned | yo mama | national political parties in 1929 | , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon encountered opposition from | |||
| 254441894 | 0 | [[ jv : yugoslavia ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ | mk | fyrom | : југославија ]] [[ mr : युगोस्लाव्हिया ]] [[ ms : yugoslavia ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ nn : | |||
| 255553028 | 4 | federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as | yugoslavia | yugoslobia | . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | |||
| 255553113 | 6 | federal abomination of yugoslobia | federal abomination of yugoslobia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as | yugoslobia | yugoslavia | . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslobia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | |||
| 255677317 | 0 | declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . | ' ' [[ italic text ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ link title ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ' ' | = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june | ||||
| 255677354 | 1 | declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . | ' ' [[ italic text ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ link title ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ' ' | = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june | ||||
| 256387537 | 0 | croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | | war in former yugoslavia | [[ yugoslav wars ]] | , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] {{ main | yugoslav wars }} | |||
| 256961996 | 0 | the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina led to a war that lasted more than | 3 | 20 | years ( see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia | |||
| 256962020 | 0 | the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina led to a war that lasted more than | 20 | 3 | years ( see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia | |||
| 257205481 | 0 | the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was | unclear | not clear | what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence | |||
| 1 | 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied | {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} | . the republic ' s government declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in | |||||
| 257369712 | 1 | s liberation war = = = from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist | [[ chetniks ]] | . with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - | ||||
| 257369960 | 0 | liberation war = = = from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist . | with the prople . | with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian | ||||
| 257423127 | 0 | , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king | alexander ' s | nick daskalous | period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he | |||
| 3 | | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . | he also slept with thousands of women all over . he was too drunk to do anything with sudanussy though . | however , alexander ' s policies soon encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | | |||||
| 257427712 | 0 | , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king | nick daskalous | alexander ' s | period = = = king [[ nick daskalou i of yugoslavia | daskalou i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . | |||
| 3 | | daskalou i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . | he also slept with thousands of women all over . he was too drunk to do anything with sudanussy though . | however , alexander ' s policies soon encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | | |||||
| 257428019 | 0 | s liberation war = = = from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist | [[ chetniks ]] | . with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - | ||||
| 257767654 | 2 | . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : * [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the | capital in [[ sarajevo | republic of macedonia . svg | 40px | ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ | |||
| 257769716 | 1 | 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < center > < gallery caption = " | wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center | = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < | ||||
| 258789343 | 1 | a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 | {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} | . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | | ||||
| 259240602 | 0 | 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = | = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ image : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < cente | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgra | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since january 1 , 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . | = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of | ||||
| 259240632 | 0 | 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = | = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ image : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since january 1 , 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . | = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of | ||||
| 259630650 | 0 | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | 2003 | 2004 | , and could join before 2010 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 {{ fact | | |||
| 5 | membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 | {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} | . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | | |||||
| 259635090 | 0 | | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović | stjepan " stevo " filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) | seconds | shortly | before plunging to his death . ]] {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war | invasion of yugoslavia }} = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ | |||
| 1 | ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović | stjepan " stevo " filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) seconds before | plunging to | his death . ]] {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war | invasion of yugoslavia }} = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion | |||||
| 259636351 | 5 | _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged in the late 17th | century | and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = | ||||
| 267895690 | 0 | 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces | we | were | the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the | day | so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy | |
| 111868326 | 0 | national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . | well | = = | the people sucked dick to get liberated and fuckin fucked 24 hours a day so that they could get free porn . . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = | |||
| 118636043 | 1 | , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society . = = = population = = = | {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} | the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 million . after it broke in 1990 it was 15 . 2 million . = = = the government = = | ||||
| 125729057 | 5 | under the [[ karađorđević ]] dynasty . = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of | jews | slovenes | , jews and jewstook power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor ( or parliament ) declared independence | |||
| 11 | | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king jewsi ]] banned national | jew | political | parties in 1929 , assumed jewish power and renamed the country jewgoslavia . jews hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon | ||||
| 131260685 | 0 | , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = | the first idea of | if your reading this you probably don ' t have | a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern | |||
| 131277598 | 0 | , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = | if your reading this you probably don ' t have a life go away you loser | slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom | ||||
| 131419480 | 0 | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] | was used | to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that | ||||
| 131566806 | 0 | , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = | the first idea of a state for all south | slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom | ||||
| 134919978 | 4 | . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] | al | and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian | ||||
| 5 | advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] | al | rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as | |||||
| 13 | there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] and [[ constitution | | constitutional | ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later | |||||
| 135155283 | 2 | eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards | independence | greater authonomy of the republics | ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in | |||
| 135158463 | 7 | 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court | in belgrade | and the newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the | ||||
| 150932203 | 35 | . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with a promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] | , these included istria and large parts | . the new kingdom was made up | of dalmatia , which had substantial numbers of italians living in the coastal cities surrounded by slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | | |||
| 156872264 | 0 | was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = | {{ pov }} | the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background | ||||
| 157504208 | 0 | federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . = = = changes in yugoslavian religious demographics = = = | [[ | yugoslavia has always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam | ||||
| 10 | census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of | [[ | modernization and urbanization , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . < ref > [ http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world | |||||
| 11 | taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of modernization | ]] | and urbanization , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . < ref > [ http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / | |||||
| 158681853 | 0 | ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results | in the autumn of 1990 | , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević | ||||
| 158682046 | 0 | ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results | , | in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics . by this proposal republics would have | ||||
| 176994750 | 1 | ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # socialist republic of [[ croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # socialist republic of [[ | republic of macedonia | | former yugoslav republicof | macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # socialist republic of [[ montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica | |||
| 176994887 | 0 | with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # socialist republic of [[ croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # former yugoslav socialist republic of [[ | former yugoslav republic of | macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # socialist republic of [[ montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica | ||||
| 177756970 | 12 | , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # former yugoslav socialist republic of [[ macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # socialist republic of | [[ | montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # socialist republic of [[ serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade | ||||
| 15 | / > 5a . socialist autonomous district of [[ kosovo ]] and metohija , with the capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . socialist autonomous province of | [[ | vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # socialist republic of [[ slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the | |||||
| 16 | capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . socialist autonomous province of [[ vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # socialist republic of | [[ | slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been | |||||
| 184057204 | 9 | ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to | the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) " ( 1943 ) , the " | federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) " ( 1946 ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) " ( 1963 | ||||
| 186115102 | 0 | national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . | origanaly he was going to give it to stalin ( the country ) but tito felt as if the russians hadn ' t suported him enoph thought out his campiagne . | = = the second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map | ||||
| 186212189 | 0 | national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . | origanaly he was going to give it to stalin ( the country ) but tito felt as if the russians hadn ' t suported him enoph thought out his campiagne . | = = the second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map | ||||
| 192073726 | 9 | was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in exile was | recognized | recognised | and supported by allied forces . in 1943 , the communist led resistance movement proclaimed a new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . | |||
| 192075557 | 11 | was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in exile was | recognised | recognized | and supported by [[ allies of world war ii | allied forces ]] . in 1943 , the communist - led resistance movement proclaimed a new country called democratic federal yugoslavia | |||
| 192099051 | 0 | ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * | december | [[ february 17 ]] | , 2006 - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap | |||
| 195594690 | 1 | , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 | , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 22 governments | . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia | ||||
| 200575841 | 0 | the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the modern countries that were once constituent parts of yugoslavia ( socialist republics ) | but | that are now independent states are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] | ||||
| 200599214 | 10 | partially recognized state after it also declared its independence in 2008 but was not a socialist republic of the former yugoslavia , it had the status of a socialist autonomous province | ]] | within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash | ||||
| 203556024 | 4 | montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a partially recognized state which declared its | highly disputed | independence in 2008 . it was not a socialist republic of the former yugoslavia ; it had the status of a socialist [[ autonomous province ]] within serbia along with [[ | ||||
| 204841842 | 0 | vestige of the former yugoslavia . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 22 governments . | no you can ' t edit this . | = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and | ||||
| 204841894 | 0 | disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister | . | andrewdeily | the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil | |||
| 204842052 | 0 | disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister | < | andrewdeily the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater | ||||
| 1 | with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister andrewdeily | > | the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil | |||||
| 204842223 | 0 | disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister | < andrewdeily > | the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil | ||||
| 204999541 | 2 | disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister | . | the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil | ||||
| 5 | vestige of the former yugoslavia . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 22 governments . | no you can ' t edit this . | = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and | |||||
| 206785833 | 0 | yugoslavia 1936 , physical ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in | 1929 | 1290 b . c . | , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the | |||
| 206801668 | 3 | | yugoslavia 1936 , physical ]] = = = alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in | 1290 b . c . | 1929 | , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the | |||
| 206808719 | 7 | ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the constituent socialist republics | of yugoslavia | that made up the country | , from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ macedonia ]] | |||
| 206810242 | 3 | , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on [[ february 18 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence | ]] | from serbia , an act fiercely opposed by serbia . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a | ||||
| 213997714 | 0 | national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . | brad is my brother and he sits in misses wiklines class in the middle row ? ? ? ? ? | = = the second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map | ||||
| 213998353 | 0 | national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . | brad is my brother and he sits in misses wiklines class in the middle row ? ? ? ? ? | = = the second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map | ||||
| 217660151 | 0 | most of them were local slovenes . the border police was already slovenian before declaring independence . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council | speifically | specifically | ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces | |||
| 219540798 | 0 | movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1946 , when a communist government was established | in pork land | . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( sfry ) . the constituent socialist republics that made up the | ||||
| 219563040 | 0 | movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1946 , when a communist government was established | in pork land | . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( sfry ) . the constituent socialist republics that made up the | ||||
| 227188725 | 0 | ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # [[ socialist republic of | macedonia | vardaska | ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) | |||
| 227951489 | 0 | ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # [[ socialist republic of | vardaska | macedonia | ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) | |||
| 231803887 | 37 | of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | | kosovo | ]] ) and [[ sr macedonia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the | ||||
| 231810719 | 0 | was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = | {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2007 }} | the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background | ||||
| 234143702 | 0 | held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater | authonomy | autonomy | of the republics ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , since it became clear that serbian domination attempts and increasingly different levels of | |||
| 237605005 | 6 | republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ | federal | federative | people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six socialist republics , a socialist autonomous province , and a socialist autonomous district that | |||
| 237910349 | 6 | republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federative republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ | federative | federal | people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six socialist republics , a socialist autonomous province , and a socialist autonomous district that | |||
| 241009864 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of | yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] {{ fact | date = september 2008 }} , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | yugoslaiterally | in [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " or " land of [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that | |||
| 241009878 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of | yugoslaiterally | yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] {{ fact | date = september 2008 }} , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally | in [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " or " land of [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that | |||
| 243549350 | 3 | of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in | 1929 | 1529 | , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the | |||
| 243549424 | 3 | of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander iv of fugoslavia | alexander iv ]] banned national political parties in | 1529 | 1929 | , assumed executive power and renamed the country fugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist assions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the | |||
| 247935764 | 9 | the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of | trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty | arms | of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | |||
| 248501529 | 0 | republics ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , since it became clear that serbian domination attempts and increasingly different levels of democratic standards | are | were | becoming increasingly incompatible . [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia wouldn ' t accept a status of a national minority | |||
| 251645066 | 7 | [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , # [[ socialist republic of | slovenia | kosova | ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] , # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . in 1974 , | |||
| 252187640 | 0 | ]] ( now podgorica ) ; * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ socialist autonomous province of | kosova | kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | autonomous province of kosovo and metohija | ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . * [[ | |||
| 256911641 | 1 | {{ fact | date = february 2008 }} that the decentralized market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , | though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to the republics , whilst | thoughwhilst | dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[ | |||
| 257716279 | 0 | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) ; * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ autonomous province of | kosovo and metohija | kosova | ( 1946 - 1974 ) | autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 | |||
| 1 | serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | autonomous province of | kosovo and metohija | kosova | ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 - 1963 ) | autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the | ||||
| 257719367 | 0 | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) ; * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ autonomous province of | kosova | kosovo and metohija | ( 1946 - 1974 ) | autonomous province of kosova ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 - 1963 | |||
| 1 | republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ autonomous province of kosova ( 1946 - 1974 ) | autonomous province of | kosova | kosovo and metohija | ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 - 1963 ) | autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the | ||||
| 257767654 | 7 | provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : * [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of | croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of | sr | montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) ; * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade | |||
| 13 | ]] ( now podgorica ) ; * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ autonomous province of kosovo | and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | ]] }} : 5b . {{ smaller | | autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 - 1963 ) | autonomous | ||||
| 265776369 | 0 | category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] | yugoslavia is a wonderful county and its residents are called slavs | [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] [[ br | ||||
| 265781667 | 0 | category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] | yugoslavia is a wonderful county and its residents are called slavs | [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] [[ br | ||||
| 281979473 | 0 | exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] | ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class | loan | . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and | |||
| 282636725 | 1 | point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = inexperiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , | thoughwhilst | though whilst | dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[ | |||
| 284695040 | 11 | the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent socialist republics | 1943 and | that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ | ||||
| 32 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six socialist republics , | a socialist | an | autonomous province , and a socialist autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order | ||||
| 33 | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six socialist republics , a socialist autonomous province , and | a socialist | an | autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = | ||||
| 76 | were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] [[ puppet state | ]] | , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until | |||||
| 292712166 | 0 | with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . | n i like your mom in the bed | the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil | ||||
| 292712235 | 0 | with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . | n i like your mom in the bed | the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil | ||||
| 292754074 | 8 | of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the republic of | yugoslavia | macedonia ]] | declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day | |||
| 310938954 | 0 | : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = | wikipedia is wrong , , , dont listen go to a normal site i got a f because i used this websit . | on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president | ||||
| 310939187 | 0 | : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = | wikipedia is wrong , , , dont listen go to a normal site i got a f because i used this websit . | on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president | ||||
| 312074340 | 1 | point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = in experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution | , though whilst dampening | dampened | the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[ league | |||
| 3 | = = = in experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government | . | , | tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly | ||||
| 6 | tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly | paralyzed | paralysed | and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr | ||||
| 319569174 | 3 | republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de | - | facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply | ||||
| 319589909 | 10 | republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de | - | facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply | ||||
| 319701637 | 3 | republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de | - | facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply | ||||
| 319852932 | 10 | republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de | - | facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply | ||||
| 325621246 | 5 | last country to bear the name yugoslavia was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on march 27 , 1992 . it was a [[ federation ]] | on the territory | of the two remaining ( non - secessionist ) republics of [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province | ||||
| 325697061 | 2 | last country to bear the name yugoslavia was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on march 27 , 1992 . it was a [[ federation ]] | on the territory | of the two republics of [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] ( after the latter ' s forced annexation of the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous | ||||
| 329283670 | 10 | federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of | yugoslavia | yugoslamania | ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world | |||
| 13 | powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal | yugoslavia , also known as | yugoslamania , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of | |||||
| 329284590 | 8 | powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal | yugoslamania | yugoslavia | , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslamania partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslamania | |||
| 11 | federal people ' s republic of yugoslamania in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of | yugoslamania | yugoslavia | ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslamanian state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslamania after the end of world | ||||
| 330881738 | 0 | category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] | [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " ]] | [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old | ||||
| 337642740 | 16 | yugoslavia ( serbia and montenegro ) * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union | of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 | , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[ | ||||
| 337643174 | 0 | yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially | a federal state | known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ | ||||
| 337769009 | 17 | yugoslavia ( serbia and montenegro ) * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union | of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 | , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[ | ||||
| 337777732 | 17 | yugoslavia ( serbia and montenegro ) * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union | of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 | , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[ | ||||
| 340419473 | 2 | . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " | / > | " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries | ||||
| 353576401 | 0 | ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government | , comunism | = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was | ||||
| 353580658 | 0 | ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government | , comunism | = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was | ||||
| 366411229 | 0 | category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] | {{ link ga | no }} | [[ af : joego - slawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x | ||||
| 387220623 | 1 | to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis | ]] | that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded | ||||
| 400599300 | 20 | of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref name = " atheism . about . com " / > = = = government = = = | [[ file : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] ]] | on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president | ||||
| 22 | to remain in yugoslavia , and one which would disenfranchise non - bosniaks . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state | and | entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic hatred | |||||
| 441313646 | 62 | this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état | ]] | when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving | ||||
| 78 | seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister | ]] | . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 , 704 , 000 | |||||
| 93 | census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of | [[ | modernization ]] and [[ urbanization ]] , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post - | |||||
| 143 | dates are considered the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september | 8 , | 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended | |||||
| 144 | 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october | 8 , | 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in | |||||
| 468701811 | 9 | breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} though the 1974 constitution | dampened | reduced | the institutional and material powers of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 . after tito ' s death on 4 | |||
| 49 | only in certain realms , such as defense . the two constituent republics functioned separately throughout the period of the federal republic , and continued to operate under separate economic policies | , as well as using separate currencies ( the [[ euro ]] was the only legal tender in montenegro ) | . on 21 may 2006 , the [[ montenegrin independence referendum , 2006 | montenegrin independence referendum ]] was held . final official results indicated on 31 may that 55 . | |||||
| 478217075 | 23 | as well as culture and influence . < ref > {{ cite web | title = former yugoslavia patches itself together : entering the yugosphere | publisher = [[ the economist | ]] | | date = 2009 - 08 - 20 | url = http : / / www . economist . com / node / 14258861 | accessdate = 2011 - 11 - | ||||
| 482752673 | 0 | [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign that developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government | as well as | and | the [[ allies of world war ii | allies ]] , they but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of | |||
| 542253903 | 1 | montenegro no longer exists as [[ montenegro ]] became an independent nation in june 2006 after the results of a [[ montenegrin independence referendum , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] | , therefore rendering serbia and montenegro as no longer existent | . after montenegrin independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the ' ' [[ republic of serbia ]] ' ' . | ||||
| 2 | longer exists as [[ montenegro ]] became an independent nation in june 2006 after the results of a [[ montenegrin independence referendum , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] . after | montenegrin | montenegro ' s | independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the ' ' [[ republic of serbia ]] ' ' . in april 2001 | ||||
| 542265770 | 1 | 1992 . png | caption1 = yugoslavia at the time of its dissolution , early 1992 | image2 = former yugoslavia 2008 . png | caption2 = current state of affairs | on | , as of 2008 , of | the territory of the former yugoslavia , as of 2008 }} the successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " wikitable " ! < | |||
| 542265878 | 1 | 1992 . png | caption1 = yugoslavia at the time of its dissolution , early 1992 | image2 = former yugoslavia 2008 . png | caption2 = the state of affairs | , as of 2008 , | of the territory of the former yugoslavia }} the successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > [[ | ||||
| 542271741 | 2 | serbia ]] . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognized state | ]] | . however , numerous countries , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognized kosovo as an independent nation . = = background | ||||
| 544494947 | 0 | while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] | , and the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia is declared | . however , he refused to abdicate . on 31 january 1946 , the new [[ 1946 yugoslav constitution | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia | ||||
| 1 | still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . | < ref name = jes > {{ cite book | last1 = jessup | first1 = john e . | title = a chronology of conflict and resolution , 1945 - 1985 | year = 1989 | publisher = greenwood press | location = new york | isbn = 0 - 313 - 24308 - 5 | page = | pages = }} < / ref > | however , he refused to abdicate . on 31 january 1946 , the new [[ 1946 yugoslav constitution | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] | |||||
| 563179561 | 14 | sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress | , | and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of communism in the rest of eastern europe , each of the republics held multi - party elections | ||||
| 15 | year passed other republics ' communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed | ( | former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater autonomy of the republics ( under | |||||
| 563181056 | 4 | – march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal | constitution | constitutional | court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the | |||
| 566575713 | 0 | | pages = }} < / ref > however , he refused to abdicate . on 31 january 1946 , the new [[ 1946 yugoslav constitution | constitution ]] of [[ | socialist | federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the [[ soviet union ]] , established six republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were | ||||
| 568473261 | 0 | all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the [[ constitutional crisis ]] that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : | in the [[ 1981 protests in kosovo ]] while serbian authorities suppressed this sentiment and proceeded to reduce the province ' s autonomy . | , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb communities within croatia rebelling and trying to secede from the | ||||
| 1 | a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic | through a series of moves known as the " [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution ]] " | in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of serbs as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . | |||||
| 2 | to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . | slovenia and croatia voiced demands for looser ties within the federation . | following the fall of communism in the rest of eastern europe , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in | |||||
| 6 | all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the [[ constitutional crisis ]] that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : | slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , | the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic ; serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for | |||||
| 569536615 | 1 | but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a coup d ' état | ]] | when the king returned on [[ yugoslav military coup of march 27 , 1941 | 27 march ]] . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna | ||||
| 582992172 | 9 | of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' in 1929 . = = = king alexander = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties | in 1929 | , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from | ||||
| 588344999 | 9 | , but in november 1945 the monarchy was abolished . yugoslavia was renamed the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . | it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy . leader of the partisans [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as the president until his death in 1980 . | in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this became the largest yugoslav state as [[ istria ]] , | ||||
| 20 | a sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , but those claims were opposed by the other former republics . | after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power in 2000 | eventually | , the fry rescinded those aspirations , accepting the opinion of the [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november | ||||
| 26 | http : / / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > the federal republic of | yugoslavia was officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro | kosovo | kosovo | ]] in 2003 . in june 2006 , [[ montenegro ]] became an independent nation after the results of a [[ montenegrin independence referendum , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] | ||||
| 588345051 | 0 | = 3 }} < / ref > serbia and montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in | 2011 | 2008 | . = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the concept of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south slavs | |||
| 594475714 | 5 | , banned national political parties , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . he imposed a new constitution | [[ 1931 yugoslav constitution | | new constitution in 1931 . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where fascists and [[ nazism | ||||
| 6 | political parties , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . he imposed a new constitution in 1931 . | ]] and relinquished his dictatorship | in 1931 . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where fascists and [[ nazism | nazis | |||||
| 594480786 | 0 | ) , as well as the republics of bosnia and herzegovina , and montenegro , were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages | , | and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . | ||||
| 599855497 | 0 | still , slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disarmament of the republics | ' | armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between the | ||||
| 616888308 | 12 | import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disarmament of the republics ' armed forces by the federal | jna | army | ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between the croatian defence minister martin špegelj and | |||
| 17 | ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism | ]] | . through a series of moves known as the " [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution ]] " , milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ | |||||
| 616890253 | 2 | with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . | the suppression of national identities escalated | first cracks in the tightly governed system surfaced when students of the [[ university of belgrade ]] and several other cities joined the worldwide [[ protests of 1968 ]] . president josip broz tito gradually stopped the protests by giving in to some of the students ' demands and saying that " students are right " during a televised speech . but in the following years , he dealt | with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . | |||
| 617081328 | 2 | his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics | and two socialist autonomous provinces | that made up the country were [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina | sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ socialist republic of croatia | sr croatia ]] , [[ | ||||
| 3 | sr montenegro ]] , [[ socialist republic of slovenia | sr slovenia ]] , and [[ socialist republic of serbia | sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous | ]] | provinces of [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | kosovo ]] , which after 1974 were largely equal to the other | |||||
| 622094862 | 9 | census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of | modernization | modernisation | and urbanization , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post - war communist government ' | |||
| 656901506 | 33 | of countries | name ]] ! ! [[ capital city | capital ]] ! ! [[ flag ]] ! ! [[ coat of arms ]] ! ! declared date of independence | ! | ! official state - recognised date of independence ! ! public holiday used to celebrate independence | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = | ||||
| 679738909 | 0 | in february 2008 , the [[ kosovo | republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognised state . | however | kosovo is not a member of the [[ united nations ]] | , [[ international recognition of kosovo | 109 states ]] , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognised kosovo as an independent | |||
| 702550312 | 6 | location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] | ' ' ' | , the original western border left a population of half a million [[ south slavs ]] < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn | ||||
| 41 | the legitimate government , but in november 1945 the monarchy was abolished . yugoslavia was renamed the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government | ]] | was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy . partisan leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled | |||||
| 62 | = 3 }} < / ref > serbia and montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in | [[ | 2008 . = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the concept of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south | |||||
| 63 | 3 }} < / ref > serbia and montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in 2008 | ]] | . = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the concept of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south slavs | |||||
| 702589142 | 6 | thumb | right | 300px | general location of [[ yugoslavia ]] . first established with the ' ' ' [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] | ' ' ' | , the original western border left a population of half a million ' ' ' [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ' < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ | ||||
| 41 | ]] the monarchy was abolished . [[ yugoslavia ]] was renamed the [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] in [[ 1946 ]] , when a [[ communist government | ]] | was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from [[ italy ]] . [[ partisan ]] leader [[ josip | |||||
| 64 | / ref > [[ serbia and montenegro ]] themselves broke up in [[ 2006 ]] and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in | [[ | 2008 ]] . = = background = = ' ' ' {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' the concept of ' ' [[ yugoslavia ]] ' ' | |||||
| 65 | > [[ serbia and montenegro ]] themselves broke up in [[ 2006 ]] and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in [[ 2008 | ]] | . = = background = = ' ' ' {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' the concept of ' ' [[ yugoslavia ]] ' ' , as | |||||
| 727367203 | 0 | western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] loan . | according to official statistics , from the 1950s to the early 1980s , yugoslavia was among the fastest growing countries , approaching the ranges reported in south korea and other miracle countries . the unique socialist system in yugoslavia , where factories were owned by workers and decision - making was less centralized than in other socialist countries may have led to the stronger growth . however , even if the absolute value of the growth rates was not as high as indicated by the official statistics , both the soviet union and yugoslavia were characterized by surprisingly high growth rates of both income and education during the 1950s . the period of european growth ended after the oil price shock in 1970s . following that , in yugoslavia an economic crisis erupted , and that as a product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . < ref > {{ cite book | author = baten , jörg | title = a history of the global economy . from 1500 to the present . | date = 2016 | publisher = cambridge university press | page = 64 | isbn = 9781107507180 }} < / ref > | in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of | ||||
| 772701137 | 2 | [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] | currency = [[ yugoslav dinar ]] | | , from 1945 to [[ 1946 ]] , * * ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * | |||||
| 1278009 | 0 | * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to 1992 . * [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which | exists | existed | from 1992 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' ' | |||
| 1278010 | 0 | * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to 1992 . * [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which | existed | exists | from 1992 , under the name : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , when it was renamed | |||
| 1288560 | 4 | * * ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , from 1918 to [[ 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia | ' ' ' | ]] | from 1929 to 1941 . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist yugoslavia ]] , which existed from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1992 ]] , under names : | |||
| 9 | * * ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1945 to [[ 1946 ]] , * * ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia | ' ' ' | ]] | from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to 1992 . * [[ serbia and montenegro | | ||||
| 11 | * ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | ' ' ' | ]] | from 1963 to 1992 . * [[ serbia and montenegro | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1992 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic | ||||
| 18 | 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to 1941 . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist yugoslavia ]] , | which existed | from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1992 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1945 to [[ 1946 ]] , | |||||
| 21 | to 1992 . * [[ serbia and montenegro | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1992 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia | ' ' ' | , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' ' , from 2003 onward . see [[ history of yugoslavia ]] for | |||||
| 1298298 | 10 | croats and slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * [[ democratic federal yugoslavia | ]] | ' ' ' | , from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1946 ]] , * [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal | |||
| 11 | slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , | from [[ 1945 ]] to | which in | [[ 1946 ]] , * [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1963 | ||||
| 13 | from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1946 ]] , * [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia | ]] from 1946 to | ' ' ' and again in | [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1963 to [[ 1992 ]] * federal republic of yugoslavia , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , | ||||
| 15 | ]] to [[ 1946 ]] , * [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | from 1963 to | , under which it existed until | [[ 1992 ]] * federal republic of yugoslavia , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , from 2003 onward . see [[ history of | ||||
| 17 | republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1963 to [[ 1992 ]] * federal republic of yugoslavia , | from | [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . as a result a federation named ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , which in [[ 2003 ]] remade its internal structure into a loose commonwealth and changed its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . | 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , from 2003 onward . see [[ history of yugoslavia ]] for relation among the three . the rest | ||||
| 18 | yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1963 to [[ 1992 ]] * federal republic of yugoslavia , from 1992 | to [[ | < tr > < td > < i > federal republic of yugoslavia ( | 2003 ]] , * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , from 2003 onward . see [[ history of yugoslavia ]] for relation among the three . the rest of this article | ||||
| 1308223 | 2 | > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / b > yu = = related articles = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] | * [[ geography of yugoslavia ]] * [[ demographics of yugoslavia ]] * [[ politics of yugoslavia ]] * [[ economy of yugoslavia ]] * [[ communications in yugoslavia ]] * [[ transportation in yugoslavia ]] * [[ military of yugoslavia ]] * [[ foreign relations of yugoslavia ]] * the [[ voivodina | vojvodina ]] region and its municipalities - [[ novi sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] * the [[ kosovo ]] region * [[ belgrade ]] - the capital of the federal republic of yugoslavia * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ pristina | pri & # 353 ; tina ]] * [[ nis | ni & # 353 ; ]] | montenegro --> | ||||
| 1377783 | 1 | to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' ' yu = = related articles = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] | = = | |||||
| 1379097 | 2 | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' ' yu = = see also : = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] | ' ' this is not a [[ wikipedia : disambiguation | disambiguation ]] page ; that is , one that just points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name . but anyway , some links that point here should rather point to the appropriate specific page , so if you followed such a link here , you might want to go back and fix that link . ' ' | |||||
| 1379155 | 1 | in [[ 1918 ]] under name ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , whose name changed name to the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | ' ' ' | in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by [[ axis powers ]] . the second was a [[ communist state ]] | ||||
| 1467414 | 0 | its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : yu ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]] | ' ' this is not a [[ wikipedia : disambiguation | disambiguation ]] page ; that is , one that just points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name . but anyway , some links that point here should rather point to the appropriate specific page , so if you followed such a link here , you might want to go back and fix that link . ' ' | |||||
| 1984488 | 1 | name to the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and again in [[ 1963 ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | ' ' ' | , under which it existed until [[ 1991 ]] - [[ 1992 ]] when four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of | ||||
| 2184776 | 0 | yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < br > [[ tricolour ]] of yugoslavia < / center > < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' | ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in serbo - croat ) | is a term casually used for three separate political entities . the name is interpreted to mean ' ' land of south slavs ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' | ||||
| 2242043 | 0 | ]] < br > [[ tricolour ]] of yugoslavia < / center > < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in | serbo - croat | all south [[ slavic languages ]] | ) is a term used for three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the | |||
| 2520319 | 2 | montenegro ' s country codes are ' ' scg ' ' / ' ' cs ' ' . ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]] | & # 322 ; awia | ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] < div style = " float : right ; margin - left : 1em " > < center > [[ | ||||
| 2808648 | 0 | 12521 ; & # 12499 ; & # 12450 ; ]] [[ pl : jugos & # 322 ; awia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] | ' ' ' links ' ' ' * http : / / www . balkanalysis . com | |||||
| 2939041 | 0 | 12521 ; & # 12499 ; & # 12450 ; ]] [[ pl : jugos & # 322 ; awia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] | ' ' ' links ' ' ' * http : / / www . balkanalysis . com | |||||
| 2957603 | 1 | republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * a federation called the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' | and | was formed in [[ 1991 ]] between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two | ||||
| 3359388 | 0 | powers ]] . * the second was a [[ communist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia | ( dfy ) | ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and in [[ 1963 ]] the ' | ||||
| 1 | [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia | ( fpry ) | ' ' ' and in [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] | |||||
| 3 | became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and in [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | ( sfry ) | ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , | |||||
| 4 | ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia | ( fry ) | ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1991 ]] between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , name yugoslavia was | |||||
| 3882737 | 0 | 12521 ; & # 12499 ; & # 12450 ; ]] [[ pl : jugos & # 322 ; awia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] | [[ zh - cn : & # 21335 ; & # 26031 ; & # 25289 ; & # 22827 ; ]] | |||||
| 4117764 | 1 | ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia | ]] | ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1991 ]] between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , | ||||
| 7346200 | 0 | the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] is discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after first yugoslavia . | [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] | [[ category : former countries ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ he : & # | ||||
| 8640465 | 2 | the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = first yugoslavia = = | [[ image : coashs . jpg | framed | right | coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 ]] , when austria - | ||||
| 3 | so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = second yugoslavia = = | [[ image : prfli . jpg | frame | marshal tito led yugoslavia from the end of world war ii until his death in 1980 . ]] | on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] | |||||
| 8718538 | 15 | that were opposing the occupation and were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , but also denied supremacy of the old [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | government . westerner attempts to reunite partisans | , | and emigration loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - subasic agreement ]] in june [[ 1944 ]] , however tito was seen as a national hero by the | |||
| 9382071 | 1 | a result , hitler had to delay the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during | the | second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , | ||||
| 12142316 | 1 | montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radic | stjepan radi & # 263 ; ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander of yugoslavia | | aleksandar | alexander | ]] used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] he suspended the constitution , dissolved the ' ' skup | |||
| 13672323 | 7 | state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' | [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in [[ 1980 ]] . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous province : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] . the other ethnic groups , including the bulgarians in [[ vardar macedonia ]] and the [[ western bulgarian fringe ]] ( [[ zapadni bulgarski pokraynini ]] ) , were brutally suppressed . hundreds were murdered , thousands were sent to the [[ goli otok ]] [[ concentration camp ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both eastern and western block and together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until it dissolved . | on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] | ||||
| 13861520 | 0 | of the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . | also , there is a girl named natalie living in kentucky who is a fourth croatian roma , and will keep it ' s spirit alive . | = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http | ||||
| 15159914 | 0 | of the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . | also , there is a girl named natalie living in kentucky who is a fourth croatian roma , and will keep it ' s spirit alive . | = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http | ||||
| 15243372 | 1 | * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy ) | ' | ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' and in [[ april 7 | ||||
| 3 | ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) | ' | ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' . this remained | |||||
| 18469162 | 27 | kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesic | stipe mesi & # 263 ; ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez | drnovsek | janez | drnov & # 353 ; ek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia ( [[ bogic bogicevic | bogi & # 263 ; bogi & # | ||||
| 20718541 | 0 | montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radi & # 263 ; ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander ]] | ( aleksandar ) | used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] he suspended the constitution , dissolved the ' ' skup & | ||||
| 22246699 | 0 | ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' | [[ image : peter i karageorgevich . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | peter i karađorđević , the first king of yugoslavia ]] | the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 ]] , when austria - | ||||
| 22506196 | 3 | [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . slovenia , croatia and macedonia declared independence from yugoslavia | in [[ 1991 ]] . bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in the same year ; | , but the international community pressured them to place a three - month moratorium on the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] . | this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb minority there , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a | |||
| 22545889 | 0 | to show , etc . ) * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | | * | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1594 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1587 | ||||
| 25682758 | 15 | new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia | , atleast nominally , | ceased to exist . = = further reading = = * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution | ||||
| 25737758 | 0 | , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , | atleast | at least | nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remains in place in belgrade but now assumes only ceremonial powers . the local governments of serbia and of montenegro now conduct | |||
| 31961080 | 29 | celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 | ]] | . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . westerner attempts to reunite | ||||
| 50 | 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republics of serbia and montenegro . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in | [[ | 1995 ]] with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement | |||||
| 33738425 | 23 | on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia | . in slovenia | , but the international community pressured them to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of | ||||
| 34035074 | 18 | ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] | {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] - ' ' bosnia - a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) | = = further reading = = * the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war , [[ misha glenny ]] isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = | ||||
| 37073182 | 0 | yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav wars | wars of yugoslav succession ]] | * [[ monarchs of serbia ]] * [[ monarchy ]] * [[ house of karadjordjević ]] * [[ black george ]] * [[ alexander , crown prince of yugoslavia ]] | = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ | ||||
| 37119505 | 0 | yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav wars | wars of yugoslav succession ]] | * [[ monarchs of serbia ]] * [[ monarchy ]] * [[ house of karadjordjević ]] * [[ black george ]] | * [[ alexander , crown prince of yugoslavia ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd | ||||
| 43290325 | 0 | state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' | [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ | |||||
| 56649131 | 0 | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = | {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} | with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats | ||||
| 56714534 | 6 | [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) | ' ' | , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and then the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal | ||||
| 8 | ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) | ' ' | and then the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . ' ' ' * the third was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal | |||||
| 57320182 | 16 | , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia | ]] | . = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , | ||||
| 59611366 | 8 | , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) and then the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | . ' ' ' * the third was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina | ||||
| 59612233 | 5 | was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) | ' ' ' | , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) . # the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( | ||||
| 7 | ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) | ' ' ' | . # the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' was formed in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of | |||||
| 60926591 | 0 | began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] | aishwarya vyass is a complete and total bitch | ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds | ||||
| 60926639 | 0 | began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] | aishwarya vyass is a complete and total bitch | ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds | ||||
| 63135388 | 0 | capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | ' ' ' | ( sfry ) ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as the | ||||
| 1 | second yugoslavia . ethnic conflicts and the declaration of independence by most of the constituent republics lead to the formation of the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | ' ' ' | ( fry ) ' ' ' in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ | |||||
| 8 | democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) | ' | ' ' . it is also known as the second yugoslavia . ethnic conflicts and the declaration of independence by most of the constituent republics lead to the formation of the | |||||
| 63327901 | 96 | exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old king peter full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april | 6 | 6th | ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where mussolini had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was | |||
| 63330276 | 28 | led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croat ]] - [[ slovenian people | slovenian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . | [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] ]] | the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable | ||||
| 38 | of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] | ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) | was convened in [[ bihać ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war | |||||
| 43 | this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 | ]] | . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , | |||||
| 63330472 | 0 | , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} | [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | map showing [[ kingdom _ of _ yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in [[ 1929 ]] ]] | = = = opposition to the new state = = = with the end of [[ world war i ]] and the downfall of [[ austria - hungary ]] and the | ||||
| 63331191 | 0 | state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' | [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces ]] | on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of | ||||
| 63517403 | 70 | package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s | " | shock therapy programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the 1989 | ||||
| 63521475 | 7 | of yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in | [[ | 1990 - 1991 is a complex matter . but without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand | ||||
| 8 | yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in 1990 | ]] | - 1991 is a complex matter . but without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the | |||||
| 9 | was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in 1990 - | [[ | 1991 is a complex matter . but without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration | |||||
| 65110599 | 3 | ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] | {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' | ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and | ||||
| 65358177 | 1 | delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = = = = the invasion of yugoslavia | ]] | = = = at 5 : 15 a . m . on [[ april 6th ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ fascism in italy | ||||
| 82799705 | 10 | . [[ image : ante marković . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ ante marković ]] ]] in [[ 1989 ]] [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia | helping | studying | the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock | |||
| 82813167 | 9 | . [[ image : ante marković . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ ante marković ]] ]] in [[ 1989 ]] [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia | studying | helping | the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] measurements for the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | | |||
| 83862003 | 12 | ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' | was | ( c . 1943 - ) , | a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945 ]] as the succesor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia . | |||
| 15 | was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945 ]] as the succesor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia | . it | , | existed under various names . proclaimed as the ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' in [[ 1943 ]] . it changed its name to the ' | ||||
| 18 | [[ 1945 ]] as the succesor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia . it existed under various names . proclaimed as the ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) | ' ' in | " ( | [[ 1943 ]] . it changed its name to the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' in [[ 1946 ]] . in [[ | ||||
| 21 | federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' in [[ 1943 ]] . it changed its name to the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) | ' ' in | " ( | [[ 1946 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] it would again change its name to the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry | ||||
| 25 | ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry ) and would exist under this name until its death following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] | . the declaration of independence and secession by most of the constituent republics of sfry | , which | led to the formation of a federation named the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) in 1992 on the territory of the | ||||
| 42 | name means ' ' land of the [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | ]] | ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was | |||||
| 46 | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | | alexander i | ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist | |||||
| 49 | fpry ) ' ' in [[ 1946 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] it would again change its name to the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | ' ' ' | ( sfry ) and would exist under this name until its death following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . the declaration of independence and secession by most of the constituent republics | |||||
| 51 | the declaration of independence and secession by most of the constituent republics of sfry led to the formation of a federation named the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | ]] | ' ' ' ( fry ) in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ | |||||
| 84299894 | 1 | , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was | if | a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]] | ||||
| 84305972 | 3 | , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was | if | a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]] | ||||
| 85539858 | 12 | ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the | third balkan war | . bouder | ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * | |||
| 85546527 | 2 | media reaction to the war in bosnia ' ' . cresskill , nj : hampton press * ramet , sabrina p . ' ' balkan babel . the disintegration of yugoslavia | from | : | the death of tito to the insurrection in kosovo ' ' . bouder , co : westview press , 2002 [ 3rd edition ] * ramet , sabrina p 2004 ‘explaining | |||
| 3 | to the war in bosnia ' ' . cresskill , nj : hampton press * ramet , sabrina p . ' ' balkan babel . the disintegration of yugoslavia from the | death of tito to the insurrection in kosovo | third balkan war | ' ' . bouder , co : westview press , 2002 [ 3rd edition ] * ramet , sabrina p 2004 ‘explaining the yugoslav meltdown . “for a charm of pow | ||||
| 86751655 | 0 | tags --> < references / > * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] | = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard media view of what happened in yugoslavia ] from emperor ' s clothes * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net – covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ( desambiguación ) ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : južnosłowjanska ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | |||||
| 86857690 | 0 | tags --> < references / > * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] | = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard media view of what happened in yugoslavia ] from emperor ' s clothes * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net – covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ( desambiguación ) ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : južnosłowjanska ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | |||||
| 87596151 | 3 | by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = = = = the [[ invasion of yugoslavia | ]] | = = = at 5 : 15 a . m . on [[ april 6th ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | | ||||
| 87847188 | 1 | peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of wwii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april | 6th | 6 | ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch | |||
| 23 | , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} | [[ | image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in [[ 1929 ]] ]] | |||||
| 43 | = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 | ]] | . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] | |||||
| 71 | was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in [[ 1990 | ]] | - [[ 1991 ]] is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult | |||||
| 88021930 | 0 | [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ | luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17th ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . = = = the independent state of croatia = = = {{ main | independent state of croatia }} [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma | gypsies ]] were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a multiethnic , though largely serb , royalist guerilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno oslobodilacka vojska ( nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] ]] the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks ' terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by the [[ united nations ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew | jewish ]] and [[ roma people | roma ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nov organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . [[ image : tito . jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of 1942 ]] on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . | luftwaff | = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | |||
| 88022094 | 0 | [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ | luftwaff | luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17th ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . = = = the independent state of croatia = = = {{ main | independent state of croatia }} [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma | gypsies ]] were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a multiethnic , though largely serb , royalist guerilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno oslobodilacka vojska ( nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] ]] the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks ' terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by the [[ united nations ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew | jewish ]] and [[ roma people | roma ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nov organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . [[ image : tito . jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of 1942 ]] on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . | = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | |||
| 88150638 | 0 | | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' | ( also known as the mexico of europe . . . ) | ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian | ||||
| 88150777 | 0 | | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' | ( also known as the mexico of europe . . . ) | ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian | ||||
| 90006834 | 0 | protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] | {{ yug - timeline }} | = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] | hi ! | = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 | ||
| 210214598 | 0 | > tags --> {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] | hi ! | = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 | ||||
| 210766615 | 2 | is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and | new | the newly | recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag | |||
| 210767374 | 3 | is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of former sfr yugoslavia | and | " > | the newly recognized countries " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image | |||
| 4 | with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of former sfr yugoslavia and the | newly | < gallery caption = " flags of | recognized countries " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag | ||||
| 210773864 | 2 | is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flag of former sfr yugoslavia | and new | recognized countries " > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo | ||||
| 9 | is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flag of former sfr yugoslavia | " > | image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia < / gallery > < gallery caption = " flags of the currently recognized countries " > image : flag | |||||
| 214534581 | 0 | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' | is a gay ass country | ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | ||||
| 214534654 | 0 | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' | is a gay ass country | ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | ||||
| 214561406 | 1 | [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during | the second | world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia | ||||
| 215131412 | 0 | , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the | german | pie | air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' | |||
| 215131433 | 0 | , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the | pie | german | air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' | |||
| 216850189 | 1 | yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * | [[ | june 1999 , un and nato administration arrived in kosovo * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 | ||||
| 2 | and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 | ]] | , un and nato administration arrived in kosovo * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , | |||||
| 219529741 | 9 | = = 1918 - 1928 = = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 230px | right | map of yugoslavia in [[ 1919 | ]] | showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty | ||||
| 10 | yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * | [[ | june 1999 ]] , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia | |||||
| 221230607 | 0 | 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . | kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 41 governments . | = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and | ||||
| 221231653 | 0 | 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . | kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 41 governments . | = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and | ||||
| 225041607 | 1 | ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences , the last indepedent state from " [[ yugoslavia | ]] | " and " [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] " is [[ kosovo ]] on [[ 17 february ]] [[ 2008 ]] . thereby ending the last remnants of | ||||
| 231803887 | 28 | peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | " | , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " . it was established on [[ 1 | ||||
| 32 | powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the " democratic federal yugoslavia | " | , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ communist ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia | |||||
| 34 | , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ communist ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia | " | in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( sfry ) | |||||
| 36 | republic of yugoslavia " in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | " | ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] was added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent | |||||
| 39 | followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name was the " [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | " | ( fry ) established on [[ march 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] . it was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining ( non - secessionist | |||||
| 231810308 | 5 | decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} | [[ image : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović | stjepan " stevo " filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to | = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 | ||||
| 24 | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] | {{ main | yugoslav wars }} | | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain | |||||
| 234981718 | 0 | encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new | ( partially ) | recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina | ||||
| 236125505 | 0 | ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} | it is illegal to touch turtles ! ! ! | the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never | ||||
| 236133439 | 0 | ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} | it is illegal to touch turtles ! ! ! | the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never | ||||
| 236506191 | 0 | ]] = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] | ( ex - communist party ) | celebration . ]] on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | | ||||
| 237699601 | 0 | encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new | ( partially ) | recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina | ||||
| 243549350 | 2 | of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander | i | iv | ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander | |||
| 9 | succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince | paul | paulina | ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by | ||||
| 243549424 | 9 | his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council that gave head to his cousin [[ prince paulina of yugoslavia | prince | paulina | paul | ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by | |||
| 244325833 | 73 | . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * | [[ | june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum | ||||
| 246000078 | 0 | > tags --> {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] | aknowledge the lie : www . youtube . com / watch ? v = zp6c18jb - dg | = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : | ||||
| 246000865 | 0 | > tags --> {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] | aknowledge the lie : www . youtube . com / watch ? v = zp6c18jb - dg watch this - stop world criminalisation of serbs < embed id = " videoplayback " src = " http : / / video . google . com / googleplayer . swf ? docid = 5860186121153047571 & hl = nl & fs = true " style = " width : 400px ; height : 326px " allowfullscreen = " true " allowscriptaccess = " always " type = " application / x - shockwave - flash " > < / embed > < embed id = " videoplayback " src = " http : / / video . google . com / googleplayer . swf ? docid = 6371060303901674397 & hl = nl & fs = true " style = " width : 400px ; height : 326px " allowfullscreen = " true " allowscriptaccess = " always " type = " application / x - shockwave - flash " > < / embed > | = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : | ||||
| 247935764 | 0 | of [[ dalmatia ]] from the [[ cisleithania | austrian ]] part , and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = | [[ | < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > | image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 200px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world | |||
| 12 | treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo ]] | < / center > | | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 | |||||
| 48 | ]] = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] | celebration | . ]] on 7 april 1963 the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ | |||||
| 252469797 | 0 | . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] | * [[ tito ]] 1892 - 1980 3 : 04 / 15 : 04 time of death | = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] | hi youve been tricked this is a scam | = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : | ||
| 293805845 | 0 | > tags --> {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] | hi youve been tricked this is a scam | = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : | ||||
| 299640136 | 1 | png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia | because i am hated | ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | ||||
| 2 | | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' | ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . | the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats | |||||
| 311073532 | 0 | security it provided . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . | * famous rock and roll guitarist and historian tony m . drozdjek was born in belgrade , 1963 . | = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = | ||||
| 313780348 | 0 | s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . | * famous rock and roll guitarist and historian tony m . drozdjek was born in [[ belgrade ]] , 1963 . | = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = | ||||
| 314884067 | 8 | effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia | are | : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! | ||||
| 314888561 | 8 | effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia | are | : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! | ||||
| 315047149 | 8 | effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia | are | : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! | ||||
| 315141168 | 8 | effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia | are | : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! | ||||
| 315205975 | 8 | effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia | are | : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! | ||||
| 318705119 | 0 | proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] congress . ]] {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} | on november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . | on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , | ||||
| 324085761 | 0 | . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | changes in yugoslavian religious demographics }} yugoslavia | had always | is gay | been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , | |||
| 324085787 | 0 | . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | changes in yugoslavian religious demographics }} yugoslavia | is gay | had always | been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , | |||
| 328282850 | 1 | german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia | because yugoslavia was russia ' s ally | and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia | ||||
| 329282870 | 0 | ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia | , also known as yugoslamania | , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia | ||||
| 332402344 | 0 | declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} | ' sfst ' ' ' | yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the | ||||
| 332402380 | 0 | declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} | ' sfst ' ' ' | yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all ( go on redtube . com ) ( its a funny website ) [[ media : [[ media : example . | ||||
| 337642740 | 2 | of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | ( 1918 - 1943 ) | , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the | ||||
| 3 | [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , | which before 3 october 1929 was | initially | known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes | ||||
| 5 | s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( | sfry | 1943 - 1992 | ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . | ||||
| 17 | {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia | consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on april 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing independence with a non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , albanians formed [[ kosovo liberation army ]] . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until an agreement was brokered between nato and milošević ' s government , with russia acting as intermediary . yugoslavia withdrew its forces from kosovo , in return for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and russia , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 60 governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on october 6 , 2000 . the federal republic of yugoslavia was afterwards admitted to the united nations , at the end of 2000 . on saturday , march 31 , 2001 , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on june 28 he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on february 12 , 2002 , and he died there on 11 march 2006 , while his trial was still ongoing . on april 11 , 2002 , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on february 4 , 2003 , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on may 21 , 2006 , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , reaching the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] . on june 3 , 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > . montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] < / ref > . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 177007031 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * cigar , norman , : ' ' genocide in bosnia : the policy of ethnic - cleansing ' ' . college station : texas a & m university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia ' ' , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 – 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' [[ history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 - 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . new york : penguin books , 1997 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west went wrong " ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] | [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old | |||||
| 337642783 | 0 | of yugoslavia ]] ( 1943 - 1992 ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially known as the federal republic of yugoslavia | {{ disambig }} | [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old | ||||
| 337643100 | 0 | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( | sfr yugoslavia ; | 1943 - 1992 ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ | ||||
| 337768752 | 8 | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( | sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 | sfry | ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and | |||
| 16 | yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia | {{ disambig }} | consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on april 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing independence with a non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , albanians formed [[ kosovo liberation army ]] . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until an agreement was brokered between nato and milošević ' s government , with russia acting as intermediary . yugoslavia withdrew its forces from kosovo , in return for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and russia , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 60 governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on october 6 , 2000 . the federal republic of yugoslavia was afterwards admitted to the united nations , at the end of 2000 . on saturday , march 31 , 2001 , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on june 28 he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on february 12 , 2002 , and he died there on 11 march 2006 , while his trial was still ongoing . on april 11 , 2002 , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on february 4 , 2003 , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on may 21 , 2006 , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , reaching the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] . on june 3 , 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > . montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] < / ref > . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 177007031 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * cigar , norman , : ' ' genocide in bosnia : the policy of ethnic - cleansing ' ' . college station : texas a & m university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia ' ' , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 – 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' [[ history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 - 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . new york : penguin books , 1997 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west went wrong " ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] | [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old | ||||
| 17 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | ( 1918 - 1943 ) | , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially | |||||
| 337769009 | 2 | of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | ( 1918 - 1943 ) | , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the | ||||
| 3 | [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , | which before 3 october 1929 was | initially | known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes | ||||
| 5 | s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( | sfry | sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 | ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . | ||||
| 9 | {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia | consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on april 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing independence with a non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , albanians formed [[ kosovo liberation army ]] . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until an agreement was brokered between nato and milošević ' s government , with russia acting as intermediary . yugoslavia withdrew its forces from kosovo , in return for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and russia , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 60 governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on october 6 , 2000 . the federal republic of yugoslavia was afterwards admitted to the united nations , at the end of 2000 . on saturday , march 31 , 2001 , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on june 28 he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on february 12 , 2002 , and he died there on 11 march 2006 , while his trial was still ongoing . on april 11 , 2002 , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on february 4 , 2003 , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on may 21 , 2006 , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , reaching the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] . on june 3 , 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > . montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] < / ref > . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 177007031 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * cigar , norman , : ' ' genocide in bosnia : the policy of ethnic - cleansing ' ' . college station : texas a & m university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia ' ' , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 – 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' [[ history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 - 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . new york : penguin books , 1997 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west went wrong " ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] | {{ disambig }} | [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old | ||||
| 337769485 | 8 | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( | sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 | sfry | ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and | |||
| 16 | yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia | {{ disambig }} | consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on april 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing independence with a non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , albanians formed [[ kosovo liberation army ]] . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until an agreement was brokered between nato and milošević ' s government , with russia acting as intermediary . yugoslavia withdrew its forces from kosovo , in return for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and russia , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 60 governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on october 6 , 2000 . the federal republic of yugoslavia was afterwards admitted to the united nations , at the end of 2000 . on saturday , march 31 , 2001 , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on june 28 he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on february 12 , 2002 , and he died there on 11 march 2006 , while his trial was still ongoing . on april 11 , 2002 , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on february 4 , 2003 , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on may 21 , 2006 , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , reaching the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] . on june 3 , 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > . montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] < / ref > . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 177007031 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * cigar , norman , : ' ' genocide in bosnia : the policy of ethnic - cleansing ' ' . college station : texas a & m university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia ' ' , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 – 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' [[ history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 - 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . new york : penguin books , 1997 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west went wrong " ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] | [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old | ||||
| 17 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | ( 1918 - 1943 ) | , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially | |||||
| 337777732 | 2 | of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | ( 1918 - 1943 ) | , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the | ||||
| 3 | [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , | which before 3 october 1929 was | initially | known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes | ||||
| 5 | s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( | sfry | sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 | ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . | ||||
| 9 | {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia | consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on april 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing independence with a non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , albanians formed [[ kosovo liberation army ]] . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until an agreement was brokered between nato and milošević ' s government , with russia acting as intermediary . yugoslavia withdrew its forces from kosovo , in return for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and russia , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 60 governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on october 6 , 2000 . the federal republic of yugoslavia was afterwards admitted to the united nations , at the end of 2000 . on saturday , march 31 , 2001 , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on june 28 he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on february 12 , 2002 , and he died there on 11 march 2006 , while his trial was still ongoing . on april 11 , 2002 , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on february 4 , 2003 , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on may 21 , 2006 , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , reaching the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] . on june 3 , 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > . montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] < / ref > . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 177007031 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * cigar , norman , : ' ' genocide in bosnia : the policy of ethnic - cleansing ' ' . college station : texas a & m university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia ' ' , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 – 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' [[ history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 - 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . new york : penguin books , 1997 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west went wrong " ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] | {{ disambig }} | [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old | ||||
| 337859048 | 1 | yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia | ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state , eventually became know in 2003 as a state union of serbia and montenegro | = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ | ||||
| 338545828 | 9 | of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia | ; 1943 - 1992 | ' ' | ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and | |||
| 18 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | ( 1918 - 1943 ) | , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially | |||||
| 22 | the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia | ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state union of serbia and montenegro = = see | also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya | |||||
| 341170439 | 0 | s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . | = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] | this website is horrible watch it will let me post this . so why don ' t you use an actual website that cannot be edited . | = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] | ansd dfkjde | = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : | |
| 341172076 | 0 | > tags --> {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] | ansd dfkjde | = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : | ||||
| 341172264 | 0 | s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . | this website is horrible watch it will let me post this . so why don ' t you use an actual website that cannot be edited . | = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] | = = references = = | on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja | ||
| 171419557 | 0 | , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} | but hey everybody my article is disputed . | = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = | ||||
| 171547692 | 1 | , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} | but hey everybody my article is disputed . | = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = | ||||
| 178998345 | 0 | 547 . 2 & scrollaction = stranica + 2 < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} | ass holes | {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of | ||||
| 178998798 | 1 | 547 . 2 & scrollaction = stranica + 2 < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} | ass holes | {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of | ||||
| 186113588 | 0 | {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : | 15 | 12 | a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian | |||
| 192075557 | 1 | ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | југославија }} , {{ lang | sh - latn | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' }} , | {{ lang - en | ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | | [[ south slavia ]] }} ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] | |||
| 206782246 | 0 | the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = | 1918 | 1994 | - 1928 = = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 230px | right | map of yugoslavia in [[ 1919 ]] showing the | |||
| 206801668 | 0 | the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = | 1994 | 1918 | - 2970 = = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 230px | right | map of yugoslavia in [[ 1919 ]] showing the | |||
| 206802676 | 2 | {{ lang - sl | ' ' država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov ' ' ; {{ lang - mk | кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците }} ) . | the country | it | was established on [[ 29 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . it lasted only for a month ; on 1 december 1918 it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia | |||
| 213997438 | 0 | , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} | james was one of the greatest kings in all the land and he was my mom shhhhhh ! ! ! ! | = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = | ||||
| 213997456 | 0 | , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} | james was one of the greatest kings in all the land and he was my mom shhhhhh ! ! ! ! | = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = | ||||
| 213999169 | 0 | , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} | = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] [[ puppet state ]] , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . one such camp was [[ jasenovac concentration camp | jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , serb royalist guerrilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( ' ' narodno oslobodilačka vojska ' ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a croatian national . chetniks were allies of united states in europe and they saved over 150 american pilots during operation : " vazdušni most " . the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir zerjavic ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by the [[ united nations ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew ]] ish and [[ roma people | roma ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaborationism | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nov organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = [[ image : liberationofbelgrademedal . jpg | 110px | left | thumb | c70 , 000 soviet and allied personnel were awarded the medal for the liberation of belgrade from 21st june 1961 . ]] the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . this was territory populated predominantly by [[ italians ]] and [[ slovenes ]] . however , the nov withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . | = = the second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map | ||||
| 214002161 | 0 | , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} | = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] [[ puppet state ]] , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . one such camp was [[ jasenovac concentration camp | jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , serb royalist guerrilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( ' ' narodno oslobodilačka vojska ' ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a croatian national . chetniks were allies of united states in europe and they saved over 150 american pilots during operation : " vazdušni most " . the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir zerjavic ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by the [[ united nations ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew ]] ish and [[ roma people | roma ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaborationism | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nov organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = [[ image : liberationofbelgrademedal . jpg | 110px | left | thumb | c70 , 000 soviet and allied personnel were awarded the medal for the liberation of belgrade from 21st june 1961 . ]] the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . this was territory populated predominantly by [[ italians ]] and [[ slovenes ]] . however , the nov withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . | = = the second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map | ||||
| 218236179 | 0 | , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} | he was high like a m * * * * f * * * | = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ | ||||
| 218236281 | 0 | , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} | he was high like a m * * * * f * * * | = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ | ||||
| 221262483 | 0 | , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} | forum : - > > www . ex - yu - forum . co . nr < < - | = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ | ||||
| 221262641 | 0 | , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} | forum : - > > www . ex - yu - forum . co . nr < < - | = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ | ||||
| 221263215 | 0 | , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} | ' ' ' free forum online ' ' ' [ www . ex - yu - forum . co . nr ] | = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ | ||||
| 221263251 | 0 | , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} | ' ' ' free forum online ' ' ' [ www . ex - yu - forum . co . nr ] | = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ | ||||
| 231807706 | 3 | {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = | the | invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ | ||||
| 242044969 | 0 | launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = | yugoslavia during world war ii | lol | = = [[ image : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović | stjepan " stevo " | |||
| 244325833 | 35 | [[ image : tito . jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of 1942 . {{ deletable image - caption }} ]] --> on | [[ | november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' | ||||
| 251599494 | 1 | kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * [[ slo | ]] | }} | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |||
| 259630650 | 3 | applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . | / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 | macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so | ||||
| 4 | {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . | aspx < / ref > | the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various | |||||
| 262867590 | 2 | center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } | ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | ||||
| 271717517 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : | locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent socialist republics that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ sap kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr slovenia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . | hiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii | the last country to bear the name was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on march 27 , 1992 . it was a [[ federation ]] | |||
| 271717824 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : | hiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii | locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent socialist republics that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ sap kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr slovenia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . | the last country to bear the name was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on march 27 , 1992 . it was a [[ federation ]] | |||
| 278348589 | 5 | | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , | some | negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria are led , finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of this negotiations is to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a | ||||
| 282757904 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} | {{ pov | date = april 2009 }} | {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | | ||||
| 283791997 | 1 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} | {{ pov | date = april 2009 }} | {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | | ||||
| 300473210 | 9 | / center > | - | 5 . [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : 5a . {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : 5b . | {{ smaller | | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi | ||||
| 329283670 | 3 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : | locationyugoslavia2 | locationyugoslamania2 | . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' | |||
| 329284590 | 3 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslamania | socialist federal republic of yugoslamania | federal republic of yugoslamania }} [[ file : | locationyugoslamania2 | locationyugoslavia2 | . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslamania . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' | |||
| 336356271 | 1 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } | * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] . | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | ||||
| 339725475 | 5 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } | * | the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ | ||||
| 347164615 | 3 | build was both against the serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia , and one which would disenfranchise non - bosniaks . ]] {{ fixbunching | mid }} | [[ file : evstafiev - radovan karadzic 3mar94 . jpg | thumb | 140px | right | bosnian serb president [[ radovan karadžić ]] aggressively pursued an agenda to keep serb territory from being forced to separate from yugoslavia . the bosnian serb army engaged in a war against the [[ army of bosnia and herzegovina | arbih ]] which would see large numbers of atrocities such as genocide committed by all belligerents . karadžić is accused of sponsoring many of these incidents . photo by [[ mikhail evstafiev ]] . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] | [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup | ||||
| 353721343 | 0 | nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} | - is jasenovac good enough citation for you croat ? | against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence | ||||
| 353730460 | 0 | nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} | - is jasenovac camp citation good enough for you croat ? | against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence | ||||
| 378359503 | 2 | sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] who after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation {{ citation needed | date = february 2010 }} ) | . | starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . = = | ||||
| 378359693 | 1 | sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] who after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation . {{ citation needed | date = february 2010 }} | ) | starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . = = | ||||
| 439457771 | 6 | . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' {{ ref label | status | a | } } | | style = " font - size | : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | ||||
| 458313071 | 0 | - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : | locationyugoslavia2 | yugo3 | . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' | |||
| 466553797 | 0 | - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : | yugo3 | locationyugoslavia2 | . jpg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' | |||
| 467907565 | 18 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | ||||
| 468701811 | 24 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } | the first former yugoslav republic | ' ' yugosphere ' ' is a term used | to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in | |||
| 495579916 | 0 | yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : | locationyugoslavia2 | location yugoslavia | . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' | |||
| 495585323 | 0 | yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : | location yugoslavia | locationyugoslavia2 | . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | |||
| 495585894 | 0 | yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : | locationyugoslavia2 | location yugoslavia | . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' | |||
| 495666744 | 2 | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : | location yugoslavia | locationyugoslavia2 | . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | |||
| 495668696 | 1 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ for | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} | | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - | ||||
| 2 | yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : | locationyugoslavia2 | location yugoslavia | . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' | ||||
| 497533362 | 1 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } | = = = succession = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics of serbia and montenegro , which remained relatively untouched by the war , formed a [[ rump state ]] known as the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] in 1992 . the federal republic of yugoslavia aspired to be a sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , but those claims were opposed by other former republics . the united nations also [[ united nations security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . < ref > {{ cite book | url = http : / / www . mpil . de / shared / data / pdf / pdfmpunyb / wood _ 1 . pdf | title = max planck yearbook of united nations law | chapter = participation of former yugoslav states in the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november 2000 . < ref > {{ cite web | title = fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the united states , referred to the federal republic of yugoslavia as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref > 1999 [[ cia ]] [[ world factbook ]] : [ http : / / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > the state was finally officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . | = = = yugosphere = = = the ' ' yugosphere ' ' is a term used to describe the present day physical areas which formed yugoslavia , as well as | ||||
| 499509992 | 5 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } | montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) }} | = = = succession = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics of serbia and montenegro , which remained relatively untouched by | ||||
| 500698907 | 0 | - indef }} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : | location yugoslavia | locationyugoslavia2 | . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | |||
| 500700919 | 0 | - indef }} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : | locationyugoslavia2 | location yugoslavia | . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | |||
| 539572794 | 0 | in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] {{ link ga | no }} | [[ af : joego - slawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ bar : jugoslawien ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] | [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ | ||||
| 540800996 | 0 | in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] {{ link ga | no }} | [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] | |||||
| 542255088 | 0 | dissolution , early 1992 | image2 = former yugoslavia 2008 . png | caption2 = current state of affairs on the territory of the former yugoslavia , as of 2008 }} | yugoslav | the | successor states : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > | |||
| 568190836 | 0 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | yugoslavia | location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the italian border changed after world war ii . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' | ||||
| 602484910 | 0 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] | ||||
| 602537617 | 1 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo | ||||
| 602538305 | 0 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] | ||||
| 602539100 | 2 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo | ||||
| 606080168 | 0 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] | ||||
| 622094154 | 2 | bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | march 1 , 1992 | april 6 , 1992 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | | 1 | march 1 | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / | ||||
| 5 | of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | june 25 , 1991 | october 8 , 1991 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | | 25 | june 25 | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | | |||||
| 8 | | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | | 17 | february 17 | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | |||||
| 12 | republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | september 8 , 1991 | april 8 , 1993 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | | 8 | september 8 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / | |||||
| 14 | [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 21 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | | 3 | june 3 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | may 21 | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file | |||||
| 15 | < / center > | may 21 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 3 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | | 21 | may 21 | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / | |||||
| 17 | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 22 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | | 5 | june 5 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 15 | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file | |||||
| 18 | < / center > | may 22 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 5 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | | 15 | february 15 | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / | |||||
| 24 | and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | march 1 , 1992 | april 6 , 1992 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | march | 1 | | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | |||||
| 27 | arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | june 25 , 1991 | october 8 , 1991 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june | 25 | | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] | |||||
| 31 | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february | 17 | | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border | |||||
| 37 | of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | september 8 , 1991 | april 8 , 1993 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | september | 8 | | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | |||||
| 40 | / center > | may 21 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 3 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | may | 21 | | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | |||||
| 43 | / center > | may 22 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 5 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february | 15 | | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | |||||
| 623264024 | 1 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the | ||||
| 623264992 | 1 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo | ||||
| 623267203 | 2 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , | ||||
| 656901506 | 3 | arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 1 march 1992 | 6 april 1992 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | | 1 march | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < | ||||
| 4 | and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 1 march 1992 | 6 april 1992 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 1 march | }} | | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | |||||
| 7 | : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | 25 june 1991 | 8 october 1991 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | | 25 june | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < | |||||
| 8 | arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | 25 june 1991 | 8 october 1991 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 25 june | }} | | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | |||||
| 11 | > | 17 february 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | | {{ dts | | 17 february | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | |||||
| 12 | february 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 17 february | }} | | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] | |||||
| 15 | of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 8 september 1991 | 8 april 1993 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | | 8 september | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < | |||||
| 16 | of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 8 september 1991 | 8 april 1993 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 8 september | }} | | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | |||||
| 18 | > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 21 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | | 3 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 21 may | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ | |||||
| 19 | ]] < / center > | 21 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 3 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | | 21 may | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < | |||||
| 20 | center > | 21 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 3 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 21 may | }} | | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | |||||
| 22 | > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 22 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | | 5 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 15 february | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ | |||||
| 23 | ]] < / center > | 22 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 5 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | | 15 february | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < | |||||
| 24 | center > | 22 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 5 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 15 february | }} | | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | |||||
| 662082091 | 0 | june 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 october 1991 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 25 june }} | | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 17 february 2008 }} | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 17 february }} | | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file | ||||
| 665159797 | 0 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo | ||||
| 685076049 | 1 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of | ||||
| 685103535 | 0 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo | ||||
| 685168696 | 1 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of | ||||
| 685189142 | 0 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo | ||||
| 685194407 | 1 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of | ||||
| 685200317 | 0 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo | ||||
| 685264223 | 3 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of | ||||
| 685357030 | 0 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo | ||||
| 685369118 | 4 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of | ||||
| 685373368 | 0 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo | ||||
| 685440379 | 4 | yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : | history of | yugoslavia ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of | ||||
| 686237393 | 7 | / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * {{ cite americana | wstitle = jugoslavia | author = milivoy s . stanoyevich | short = x }} * [ | http | https | : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl = | |||
| 700521033 | 0 | asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} | {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia | native _ name = jugoslavija < br / > југославија | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = balkans | life _ span = 1918 – 1992 | p1 = | flag _ p1 = | p2 = | flag _ p2 = | s1 = | flag _ s1 = | s2 = | flag _ s2 = | s3 = | flag _ s3 = | image _ flag = flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | flag = flag of yugoslavia | flag _ type = flag ( 1918 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = location and extent of yugoslavia in europe < br / > before and after [[ world war ii ]] . | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = [[ hey , slavs ]] ( 1977 ) < br / > < center > [[ file : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] < / center > | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = yugoslav | common _ languages = [[ serbo - croatian ]] < br > < small > ( de facto ) < / small > | government _ type = monarchy < small > < br / > ( 1918 - 1945 ) < / small > < br / > single - party state < small > ( 1945 - 1990 ) < / small > | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | leader2 = | year _ leader2 = | leader3 = | year _ leader3 = | leader4 = | year _ leader4 = | title _ deputy = | deputy1 = | year _ deputy1 = | deputy2 = | year _ deputy2 = | era = | event _ start = independence | date _ start = 1 december | year _ start = 1918 | event1 = | date _ event1 = | event2 = | date _ event2 = | event3 = | date _ event3 = | event4 = | date _ event4 = | event _ end = | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = [[ yugoslav dinar ]] | footnotes = | today = }} | [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | | ||||
| 700521135 | 0 | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = [[ yugoslav dinar ]] | footnotes = | today = }} | [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the original western border left a population of half a million [[ south slavs ]] < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = noalhezkydkc & pg = pa45 & dq = % 22the + treaty + left + half + a + million + slavs + inside + italy + while + only + a + few + hundred + italians & lr = & sig = acfu3u1d _ etppjl - 3k8nsyws4mfuun44sq a low dishonest decade : italy , the powers and eastern europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija | ||||
| 700570008 | 0 | asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} | {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia | native _ name = jugoslavija < br / > југославија | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = balkans | life _ span = 1918 – 1992 | p1 = | flag _ p1 = | p2 = | flag _ p2 = | s1 = | flag _ s1 = | s2 = | flag _ s2 = | s3 = | flag _ s3 = | image _ flag = flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | flag = flag of yugoslavia | flag _ type = flag ( 1918 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = location and extent of yugoslavia in europe < br / > before and after [[ world war ii ]] . | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = [[ hey , slavs ]] ( 1977 ) < br / > < center > [[ file : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] < / center > | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = yugoslav | common _ languages = [[ serbo - croatian ]] < br > < small > ( de facto ) < / small > | government _ type = monarchy < small > < br / > ( 1918 - 1945 ) < / small > < br / > single - party state < small > ( 1945 - 1990 ) < / small > | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | leader2 = | year _ leader2 = | leader3 = | year _ leader3 = | leader4 = | year _ leader4 = | title _ deputy = | deputy1 = | year _ deputy1 = | deputy2 = | year _ deputy2 = | era = | event _ start = independence | date _ start = 1 december | year _ start = 1918 | event1 = | date _ event1 = | event2 = | date _ event2 = | event3 = | date _ event3 = | event4 = | date _ event4 = | event _ end = | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = [[ yugoslav dinar ]] | footnotes = | today = }} | [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the original western border left a population of half a million [[ south slavs ]] < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = noalhezkydkc & pg = pa45 & dq = % 22the + treaty + left + half + a + million + slavs + inside + italy + while + only + a + few + hundred + italians & lr = & sig = acfu3u1d _ etppjl - 3k8nsyws4mfuun44sq a low dishonest decade : italy , the powers and eastern europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija | |||
| 714942654 | 0 | june 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 october 1991 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 25 june }} | | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 17 february 2008 }} | {{ dts | } } | {{ dts | 17 february }} | | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file | ||||
| 736681850 | 0 | links = = {{ commons category | yugoslavia }} {{ wikiquote | yugoslavia }} {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} {{ eb1922 poster }} * {{ wikiatlas | yugoslavia }} * [ | http | https | : / / web . archive . org / web / 20120212164932 / http : / / www . ohr . int : 80 / ohr % 2dinfo / maps / | |||
| 754485190 | 11 | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 21 may 2006 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 3 june 2006 }} | ) | }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 15 february }} | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | ||||
| 14 | ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 25 june 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 october 1991 }} | < br / > | {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 25 june }} | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | [[ file : flag | |||||
| 768996113 | 0 | in the western balkans }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} | {{ infobox former country | native _ name = ' ' jugoslavija ' ' {{ ref label | sh - lat | a | } } {{ ref label | sl | c | } } < br / > {{ font | југославија | size = 12 . 4px }} {{ ref label | sh - cyr | b | } } | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia | common _ name = yugoslavia | | continent = europe | region = balkans | era = [[ world war i ]] {{ • }} [[ world war ii ]] {{ • }} [[ cold war ]] {{ • }} [[ yugoslav wars ]] | government _ type = [[ monarchy ]] ( 1918 - 1945 ) < br > [[ republic ]] ( 1945 - 2006 ) | | year _ start = 1918 | year _ end = 2006 | event _ start = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | date _ start = 1 december | event _ end = end of yugoslavia | date _ end = 5 june | event1 = [[ yugoslav partisans ]] | date _ event1 = june 1941 | event2 = [[ united nations ]] [[ united nations charter | admission ]] | date _ event2 = 25 october 1945 | event3 = [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic ]] | date _ event3 = 29 november 1945 | event4 = [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic ]] | date _ event4 = 28 april 1992 | event5 = [[ constitutional charter of serbia and montenegro | state union ]] | date _ event5 = 24 february 2003 | | p1 = state of slovenes , croats and serbs | flag _ p1 = flag of the state of slovenes , croats and serbs . svg | p2 = kingdom of serbia | flag _ p2 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p3 = kingdom of montenegro | flag _ p3 = flag of the kingdom of montenegro . svg | p4 = free territory of trieste | flag _ p4 = free territory trieste flag . svg | s1 = croatia | flag _ s1 = flag of croatia . svg | s2 = slovenia | flag _ s2 = flag of slovenia . svg | s3 = republic of macedonia {{ ! }} macedonia | flag _ s3 = flag of the republic of macedonia 1991 - 1995 . svg | s4 = republic of bosnia and herzegovina {{ ! }} bosnia and herzegovina | flag _ s4 = flag of bosnia and herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | s5 = serbia | flag _ s5 = flag of serbia . svg | s6 = montenegro | flag _ s6 = flag of montenegro . svg | s7 = kosovo | flag _ s7 = flag of kosovo . svg | | image _ flag = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag = flag of yugoslavia | flag _ type = flag {{ small | ( 1945 - 1992 ) }} | image _ coat = grb jugoslavije . svg | symbol = emblem of yugoslavia | symbol _ type = emblem {{ small | ( 1963 - 1992 ) }} | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = general location of yugoslavia over the years . | | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | national _ motto = ' ' [[ brotherhood and unity | bratstvo i jedinstvo ]] ' ' < br / > {{ small | " brotherhood and unity " }} | national _ anthem = ' ' [[ hey , slavs | hej , slaveni ]] ' ' < br / > хеј , словени < br / > {{ small | " hey , slavs " }} < br / > {{ center | | [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - | ||||
| 1 | balkans }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : | united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] }} | common _ languages = [[ serbo - croatian ]] {{ ref label | d | d }} < br / > [[ slovene language | slovene ]] {{ ref label | e | e }} < br / > [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] {{ ref label | f | f }} | religion = | demonym = [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav , yugoslavian ]] | currency = [[ yugoslav dinar ]] | | [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : | |||||
| 9382071 | 0 | of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = | the | first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : peter i karageorgevich . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | | ||||
| 2 | by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = | the | second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | marshal tito | |||||
| 12425395 | 0 | teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] | * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] | [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1594 ; & # 1608 | ||||
| 12429233 | 6 | net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] | * [ http : / / www . goli - otok . com / britain / golio11a _ e . htm ] | [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1594 ; & # 1608 | ||||
| 12432682 | 7 | net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] | * [ http : / / www . goli - otok . com / britain / golio11a _ e . htm ] | [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1594 ; & # 1608 | ||||
| 13170891 | 0 | balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in | the word | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom | ||||
| 15173931 | 0 | net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] | {{ commons | yugoslavia }} | [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1594 ; & # 1608 | ||||
| 22915113 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | югославия , | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ | ||||
| 23004425 | 1 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | југославија , | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ | ||||
| 30228431 | 0 | {st@rt} | laura is kool cuz she is the the queen ! ! ! | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a | ||||
| 30228538 | 0 | {st@rt} | laura and ashlyn and brooke are kool cuz they are the the queens ! ! ! | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a | ||||
| 37016800 | 0 | slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . burek . co . yu burek forum ] the biggest forum in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} | * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / index _ eng . html / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] | [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugosl % c3 % | ||||
| 37483757 | 0 | in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] | * [ http : / / pub18 . ezboard . com / bbalkans . com / illyria ( balkans ) forums ] - covers balkans and more ( has > 2000 members ) | [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugosl % c3 % | ||||
| 37484865 | 0 | in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] | * [ http : / / pub18 . ezboard . com / bbalkans . com / illyria ( balkans ) forums ] - covers balkans and more ( has > 2000 members ) | [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugosl % c3 % | ||||
| 38611298 | 0 | in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] | * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] | [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugosl % c3 % | ||||
| 40844515 | 0 | previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) | yes . | = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ | ||||
| 40844573 | 0 | previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) | yes . | = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ | ||||
| 43374852 | 0 | ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] | [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] | [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ | ||||
| 43438993 | 0 | family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] | * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] | [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugosl % c3 % | ||||
| 44918879 | 0 | search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] | * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / kosovo . htm " the serbs were not oppressing the kosovo albanians " ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / ihralija1 . htm " what really happened in bosnia ? " ] | [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ bg | ||||
| 44939549 | 0 | search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] | * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / ihralija1 . htm " what really happened in bosnia ? " ] | [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ bg | ||||
| 46064906 | 0 | {st@rt} ' | evan gelman put his small penis in his moms mouth ' ' italic text ' ' sick | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language | ||||
| 46064954 | 0 | {st@rt} ' | evan gelman put his small penis in his moms mouth ' ' italic text ' ' sick | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language | ||||
| 54555654 | 0 | search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] | * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] | [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs | ||||
| 56280371 | 0 | jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ( desambiguación ) ]] | [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ | |||||
| 57320182 | 15 | ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of | the former | yugoslavia ]] . = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new | ||||
| 59399315 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ unreferenced }} {{ not verified }} {{ citations missing }} {{ cleanup - date | june 2006 }} | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | | ||||
| 63522267 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ cleanup - date | june 2006 }} | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | | ||||
| 74759876 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ unreferenced }} | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | | ||||
| 75500223 | 0 | {st@rt} | ' | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | | ||||
| 75966431 | 1 | basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation | " | of yugoslavia = = = the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ | ||||
| 76003356 | 2 | for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the " liberation | " | of yugoslavia = = = the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ | ||||
| 76099571 | 0 | 6 ]] , [[ 2000 ]] . [[ image : banknoteyug . jpg | 300px | left | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] bill of 50 & nbsp ; [[ | 1000000000 ( number ) | | billion ]] [[ yugoslav dinar | dinars ]] ( 1993 ) ]] on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from | ||||
| 77952413 | 0 | {st@rt} | ' | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | | ||||
| 80304300 | 0 | had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . | even in defeat , jugoslavs were beating germans , time and again . | ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = = = = the [[ invasion of yugoslavia ]] = = = at 5 : 15 a . m . | ||||
| 80314145 | 22 | had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . | even in defeat , jugoslavs were beating germans , time and again . | ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = = = = the [[ invasion of yugoslavia ]] = = = at 5 : 15 a . m . | ||||
| 83862003 | 0 | {st@rt} | [[ image : locationkingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | | ||||
| 85302648 | 0 | }} [[ image : locationkingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . ]] | emily rockz ! ! go vikings ! ! ! go back to olph you impostes ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ms . kerns is awesome ! ! ! | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian | ||||
| 85302695 | 0 | }} [[ image : locationkingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . ]] | emily rockz ! ! go vikings ! ! ! go back to olph you impostes ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ms . kerns is awesome ! ! ! | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian | ||||
| 87847188 | 0 | , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of | wwii | world war ii | in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6th ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece | |||
| 88862349 | 0 | / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] | there is no more yugoslavia | [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : | ||||
| 93924283 | 3 | [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ | es | la | : yugoslavia ( desambiguación ) ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] | |||
| 5 | [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ | it | hu | : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : | ||||
| 96146898 | 0 | / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] | [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ | ||||
| 107938591 | 23 | ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision | . | ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : | ||||
| 111871835 | 0 | stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} | [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] {{ | ||||
| 130762151 | 0 | stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} | * [ http : / / www . resistance - archive . org european resistance archive ( era ) ] video interviews with members of the resistance during world war ii | [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] {{ | ||||
| 130762743 | 0 | stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} | * [ http : / / www . resistance - archive . org european resistance archive ( era ) ] video interviews with members of the resistance during world war ii | [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] {{ | ||||
| 131566036 | 0 | [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | i like monkies alot if you don | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' | ||||
| 1 | image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' | t your gay and not just regular gay super gay you know what else i like . . . . big penises oooh yummy . i like to put them in my mouth and suck the kum right out of them . i have a huge one you know what else i have . . . . . . tities please find me and suck them now have a nice day and don | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in | |||||
| 2 | : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' | t forget if you don | ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ | |||||
| 134356995 | 0 | ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ simple : yugoslavia ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] | [[ sh : jugoslavija ]] | [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]] | ||||
| 135830689 | 0 | category : former slavic countries ]] {{ link fa | no }} [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] | [[ bg : югославия ]] | [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ | ||||
| 144548416 | 2 | ]] had previously been repelled ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision ) | . | = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = | ||||
| 150660291 | 0 | of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' | second | socialist federal republic of | yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist | |||
| 157506534 | 0 | federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . = = = changes in yugoslavian religious demographics = = = | [[ image : fm _ yugoslavia _ pol96 . jpeg | thumb | 200px | right | separate nations that comprised yugoslavia . ]] | [[ yugoslavia ]] has always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions | ||||
| 160836749 | 0 | previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) | < ref > [[ citation needed ]] < / ref > | = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = | ||||
| 163795734 | 0 | [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | they hate white cows and brown cats it is a sign of disrespect in their culture . | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' | ||||
| 163795909 | 0 | [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | they hate white cows and brown cats it is a sign of disrespect in their culture . | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' | ||||
| 165959328 | 0 | previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) | < ref > [[ citation needed ]] < / ref > | {{ fact }} | = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = | |||
| 167812918 | 11 | ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : | from the middle ages to the present day | : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad | ||||
| 17 | : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * johnstone , diana : ' ' | fools ’ crusade | : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad | |||||
| 176152092 | 1 | [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | [[ media : = = example . ogg = = [[ image : example . jpg ]] ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' | ||||
| 176171781 | 1 | [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | [[ media : = = example . ogg = = [[ image : example . jpg ]] ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' | ||||
| 184269620 | 1 | ]] and most of [[ dalmatia ]] from the [[ cisleithania | austrian ]] part , and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of | serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] {{ section - stub }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s conquest = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other european powers due to developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization that pursued [[ nazi ]] policies . aleksandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vlatko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia | croatian banovina ]] ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} | space | = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = | |||
| 184269658 | 1 | and most of [[ dalmatia ]] from the [[ cisleithania | austrian ]] part , and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . yugoslavia is a waste of | space | serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] {{ section - stub }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s conquest = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other european powers due to developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization that pursued [[ nazi ]] policies . aleksandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vlatko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia | croatian banovina ]] ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} | = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = | |||
| 192073726 | 1 | | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | {{ lang - sh | југославија }} , {{ lang | sh - latn | | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; | ||||
| 192075557 | 19 | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | {{ lang - sh | југославија }} , {{ lang | sh - latn | | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' }} , {{ lang - en | [[ south slavia ]] }} ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] | ||||
| 199460361 | 0 | [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | lalalalalllalalla these peeps love horses with 6 legs ! | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , " југославија " in [[ cyrillic alphabet | ||||
| 199460506 | 0 | [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | lalalalalllalalla these peeps love horses with 6 legs ! | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , " југославија " in [[ cyrillic alphabet | ||||
| 203556024 | 12 | in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbian : краљевина југославија ; | croatian , slovene | [[ macedonian ]] | : kraljevina jugoslavija ) . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the | |||
| 208433221 | 0 | [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | the yugoslavian people came to the balkans in the 7th century posed as barbarians | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin | ||||
| 208434853 | 0 | [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | the yugoslavian people came to the balkans in the 17th century posed as barbarians | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin | ||||
| 209354125 | 0 | [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | kurt fuck | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin | ||||
| 209354166 | 0 | [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | kurt fuck | ' ' ' yugoslavia kurt fuck egg ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin | ||||
| 210610320 | 0 | [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ | en | bs | : jugoslavija ( čvor ) ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ eu : jugoslaviako errepublika federal sozialista ]] [[ fa | |||
| 210766615 | 1 | albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of | former | sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and | ||||
| 210767374 | 2 | ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " | flags | flag | of former sfr yugoslavia and the newly recognized countries " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | |||
| 210773864 | 1 | ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " | flag | flags | of former sfr yugoslavia " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia < / gallery > < gallery caption = " flags of the currently recognized | |||
| 8 | albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flag of | former | sfr yugoslavia " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia < / gallery > < gallery caption = " flags of the currently recognized countries " | |||||
| 212663303 | 1 | ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} | [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ | ||||
| 216850189 | 20 | org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html | www - vl : history : | european university institute | yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit | |||
| 223093900 | 4 | in exile during world war ii ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] | [[ bs : jugoslavija ( čvor ) ]] | [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ | ||||
| 229696197 | 0 | [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | yugoslavia rocks yugoslavia is bitchin yugoslaviai love it yugoslavia it makes me want to lala on the kitchen yugoslavia is where george bush is frome | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin | ||||
| 229697900 | 0 | [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | yugoslavia rocks yugoslavia is bitchin yugoslaviai love it yugoslavia it makes me want to lala on the kitchen yugoslavia is where george bush is frome | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin | ||||
| 230372327 | 0 | ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] | [[ mr : युगोस्लाव्हिया ]] | [[ ms : yugoslavia ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ nn : jugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ | ||||
| 231810520 | 0 | the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | | [[ | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | ||||
| 236440032 | 0 | of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the | political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | pol | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian | |||
| 236484347 | 0 | of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the | pol | political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian | |||
| 237753866 | 0 | image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' | i am a pimp | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] | ||||
| 237762912 | 0 | image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' | i am a pimp | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] | ||||
| 242044969 | 1 | delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = | [[ image : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović | stjepan " stevo " filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) seconds before plunging to his death . ]] {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi italians ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and [[ hungary | hungarian ]] forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] [[ puppet state ]] , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . one such camp was the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . a large number of men , women and children , jews , serbs , and croat resistance members , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a croatian national . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , while cooperating with the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces we the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . | = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of | ||||
| 242045283 | 0 | operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = lol = = | yugoslavia is often the target of people who are doing it for the lulz ( see : cyberterror ) | = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of | ||||
| 242045358 | 0 | , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} | = = lol = = yugoslavia is often the target of people who are doing it for the lulz ( see : cyberterror ) | = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of | ||||
| 244325833 | 144 | in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , | [[ | 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of | ||||
| 247935764 | 27 | also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of | serbia | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image | ||||
| 252030969 | 1 | dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former | parts of | yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} * ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ | ||||
| 255917975 | 0 | national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . | on december 3rd of 2008 yogoslavia was oficially changed to ugaslavia . | = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist | ||||
| 255925883 | 0 | national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . | on december 3rd of 2008 yogoslavia was oficially changed to ugaslavia . | = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist | ||||
| 259631121 | 0 | ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . | {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} | < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > | = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ image : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ | |||
| 260573050 | 0 | national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . | the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . | = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist | ||||
| 262054633 | 24 | after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ | image | file | : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | |||
| 28 | accused the serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia resulted in the bosnian war . ]] [[ | image | file | : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . | ||||
| 29 | bosnian war . ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ | image | file | : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia | ||||
| 266845832 | 1 | ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was | developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , while cooperating with the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces we the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . | fun | = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist | |||
| 266846137 | 1 | executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > yogoslavia was | fun | developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , while cooperating with the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces we the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . | = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist | |||
| 271837671 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ | file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | fil | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian | |||
| 271862090 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ | fil | file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian | |||
| 280695238 | 0 | locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' | i hate | yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ | ||||
| 280695474 | 0 | locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' | i hate | yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ | ||||
| 288014554 | 1 | yougoslavie ]] [[ ga : an iúgslaiv ]] [[ gv : yn yugoslaavey ]] [[ gl : iugoslavia - југославија ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : juhosłowjanska ]] | [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] | [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ jv : yugoslavia ]] [[ | ||||
| 288331355 | 0 | maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = | kingdom | people | of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the | |||
| 288331712 | 0 | maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = | people | kingdom | of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the | |||
| 292035709 | 2 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} | [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin | ||||
| 292399062 | 0 | joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] | [[ bs : jugoslavija ( čvor ) ]] | [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ | ||||
| 1 | joegoslaavje ]] [[ ga : an iúgslaiv ]] [[ gv : yn yugoslaavey ]] [[ gl : iugoslavia - југославија ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : juhosłowjanska ]] | [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] | [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ jv : yugoslavia ]] [[ | |||||
| 292754074 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} | [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian | ||||
| 292756508 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} | [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin | ||||
| 292896152 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} | why everyone has the same name ending " ich " in yugoslavia ? | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin | ||||
| 292896398 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} | why everyone has the same name ending " ich " in yugoslavia ? | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin | ||||
| 294280606 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} | [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin | ||||
| 298350020 | 0 | ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ jv : yugoslavia ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] | [[ ky : югославия ]] | [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ ku : yûgoslaviya ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ | ||||
| 299640136 | 0 | . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' | i am moving to | yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian | ||||
| 312891771 | 0 | even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . | = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned , communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia ]] ( autonomous region with significant internal self - government ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . the entire kingdom was to be federalized but [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfilment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > | tacos are good | = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ | |||
| 337642740 | 9 | {st@rt} | {{ mergeto | sfr yugoslavia | kingdom of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro | date = january 2010 }} {{ mergeto | history of yugoslavia | date = january 2010 }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin | ||||
| 337768752 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ mergeto | sfr yugoslavia | kingdom of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro | date = january 2010 }} {{ mergeto | history of yugoslavia | date = january 2010 }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats | ||||
| 337769009 | 10 | {st@rt} | {{ mergeto | sfr yugoslavia | kingdom of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro | date = january 2010 }} {{ mergeto | history of yugoslavia | date = january 2010 }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin | ||||
| 337769485 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ mergeto | sfr yugoslavia | kingdom of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro | date = january 2010 }} {{ mergeto | history of yugoslavia | date = january 2010 }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats | ||||
| 337777732 | 10 | {st@rt} | {{ mergeto | sfr yugoslavia | kingdom of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro | date = january 2010 }} {{ mergeto | history of yugoslavia | date = january 2010 }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin | ||||
| 338545828 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ summary from | kingdom of | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats | ||||
| 8 | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( | sfr | , | yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia | ||||
| 11 | ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia | ( fpr | sfry | yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003 | ||||
| 340419473 | 5 | . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " | ]] | [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ | ||||
| 358279410 | 0 | ]] [[ ku : yûgoslaviya ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ mr : युगोस्लाव्हिया ]] | [[ arz : يوجوسلافيا ]] | [[ ms : yugoslavia ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ nn : jugoslavia ]] [[ pap : yugoslavia ]] [[ | ||||
| 382505267 | 0 | ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ qu : yuguslawya ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ sc : iugoslàvia ]] [[ scn : jugoslavia ]] | [[ si : යුගොස්ලෝවියාව ]] | [[ simple : yugoslavia ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ sh : jugoslavija ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ | ||||
| 400599300 | 12 | subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = | socialist yugoslavia = = | sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic | ||||
| 404939419 | 0 | ] * [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay the collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} | {{ coord | 44 | 49 | 14 | n | 20 | 27 | 44 | e | type : city _ source : kolossus - hewiki | display = title }} | [[ category : yugoslavia | yugoslavia ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] | ||||
| 446485759 | 4 | self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid | ]] [[ | 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * | ||||
| 448875139 | 0 | ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ qu : yuguslawya ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ sc : iugoslàvia ]] [[ scn : jugoslavia ]] | [[ si : යුගොස්ලෝවියාව ]] | [[ simple : yugoslavia ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ sh : jugoslavija ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ | ||||
| 452851119 | 0 | slawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] | [[ bar : jugoslawien ]] | [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : república federal de iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : | ||||
| 468701811 | 17 | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] = = = new states = = = countries created from the | former | collapse of | yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! | |||
| 44 | point in the events to follow . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of | [[ sfr | yugoslavia ]] . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} though the 1974 constitution dampened the institutional and material powers of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted | |||||
| 50 | june 2006 , and [[ serbia ]] ' s formal declaration of independence on 5 june . many view this as the final end of what was left of the former | [[ | yugoslavia ]] . = = legacy = = {{ main | former yugoslavia }} [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | states and | |||||
| 495585894 | 16 | 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . | = = | sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics | ||||
| 495666744 | 31 | 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . | = = | sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal | ||||
| 495668696 | 18 | 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . | = = | sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics | ||||
| 496174460 | 8 | [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} | [[ file : | {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 210 | header = | image1 = | flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | |||
| 15 | svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and provinces of | sfr | yugoslavia ]] on 29 november 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by | |||||
| 497534237 | 0 | = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ about | the country in the western balkans | the | post - breakup federal republic of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro | the | asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : location | ||||
| 514655419 | 0 | ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] | ca | ext : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگسلاوی ]] [[ fo : jugoslavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ fy : joegoslaavje ]] [[ ga : an iúgslaiv ]] [[ | ||||
| 1 | [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ | iugoslàvia | : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگسلاوی ]] [[ fo : jugoslavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ fy : joegoslaavje ]] [[ ga : an iúgslaiv ]] [[ gv | |||||
| 2 | da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ ext | [[ | yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگسلاوی ]] [[ fo : jugoslavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ fy : joegoslaavje ]] [[ ga : an iúgslaiv ]] [[ gv : | |||||
| 525949070 | 0 | ]] [[ arz : يوجوسلافيا ]] [[ ms : yugoslavia ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ nn : jugoslavia ]] | [[ pa : ਯੂਗੋਸਲਾਵੀਆ ]] | [[ pap : yugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ qu : yuguslawya ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ | ||||
| 537097237 | 6 | rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november 2000 . < ref | > {{ cite web | title | name | = fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | |||
| 539572794 | 1 | югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ bar : jugoslawien ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] | [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] | [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ ext : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگسلاوی ]] [[ fo : jugoslavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ | ||||
| 547327217 | 0 | [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} | {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 210 | header = | image1 = | [[ file : | flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | caption1 = flag of [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | sfr yugoslavia ]] | image2 = yugoslavia . svg | caption2 = republics | |||
| 664053395 | 0 | | 44 | 49 | 14 | n | 20 | 27 | 44 | e | type : city _ source : kolossus - hewiki | display = title }} | {{ authority control }} | [[ category : yugoslavia | 01 ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] | ||||
| 674434116 | 0 | europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] | ' | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija | ||||
| 685200357 | 0 | europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] | ' | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' | ||||
| 685264223 | 1 | europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] | ' | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija | ||||
| 685357030 | 3 | europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] | ' | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' | ||||
| 685369118 | 2 | europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] | ' | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija | ||||
| 685373368 | 3 | europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] | ' | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' | ||||
| 685440379 | 2 | europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] | ' | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija | ||||
| 685823188 | 0 | europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] | ' | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' | ||||
| 702589142 | 56 | 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > after an economic and political crisis in the [[ 1980s ]] and the rise of nationalism , | [[ | yugoslavia ]] [[ breakup of yugoslavia | broke up ]] along its republics ' borders , at first into five countries , leading to the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . after | ||||
| 68 | ]] proclaimed independence in [[ 2008 ]] . = = background = = ' ' ' {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' the concept of ' ' | [[ | yugoslavia ]] ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] peoples , emerged in the late [[ 17th century ]] and gained prominence | |||||
| 729316827 | 1 | location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] | , the original western border left a population of half a million [[ south slavs ]] < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = noalhezkydkc & pg = pa45 & dq = % 22the + treaty + left + half + a + million + slavs + inside + italy + while + only + a + few + hundred + italians & lr = & sig = acfu3u1d _ etppjl - 3k8nsyws4mfuun44sq a low dishonest decade : italy , the powers and eastern europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian language | ||||
| 768996113 | 8 | }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] | | deputy1 = [[ josip broz tito ]] {{ small | ( first ) }} | deputy2 = [[ milan pančevski ]] {{ small | ( last ) }} | year _ deputy1 = 1945 – 1980 | year _ deputy2 = 1989 – 1990 --> | | legislature = [[ parliament of yugoslavia | federal assembly ]] | house1 = [[ federal assembly of the sfry | chamber of republics ]] | house2 = [[ federal assembly of the sfry | federal chamber ]] | | stat _ year1 = 1989 | stat _ area1 = 255804 | stat _ pop1 = 23724919 | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | today = {{ flagcountry | serbia }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | croatia }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | bosnia and herzegovina }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | montenegro }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | kosovo }} {{ efn | {{ kosovo - note }} }} | footnote _ a = {{ note | sh - lat }} full name in the [[ serbo - croatian ]] language , written in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ( see [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia # name | name ]] section for details ) . | footnote _ b = {{ note | sh - cyr }} full name in [[ serbo - croatian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , written in [[ cyrillic script | cyrillic ]] . | footnote _ c = {{ note | sl }} full name in the [[ slovene language ]] ( slovene only uses [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin ]] ) . | footnote _ d = {{ note | d }} there was no ' ' [[ de jure ]] ' ' official language at the federal level , < ref name = " hladczuk1992 " > {{ cite book | author = john hladczuk | title = international handbook of reading education | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = 1yl9 _ n1k1q0c & pg = pa454 | date = 1 january 1992 | publisher = greenwood publishing group | isbn = 978 - 0 - 313 - 26253 - 1 | pages = 454 – }} < / ref > < ref name = " altman1978 " > {{ cite book | author = gavro altman | title = yugoslavia : a multinational community | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = f - mnaaaamaaj | year = 1978 | publisher = jugoslovenska stvarnost }} < / ref > < ref name = " tulasiewicz1971 " > {{ cite book | author = jan bruno tulasiewicz | title = economic growth and development : a case study | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = b1wkaaaamaaj | year = 1971 | publisher = morris print . company }} < / ref > but [[ serbo - croatian ]] was ' ' de facto ' ' official . it was also legally the official language in the federal republics of [[ socialist republic of serbia | serbia ]] , [[ socialist republic of croatia | croatia ]] , [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia and herzegovina ]] , and [[ socialist republic of montenegro | montenegro ]] . < ref name = " hladczuk1992 " / > < ref name = " altman1978 " / > | footnote _ e = {{ note | e }} official in [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] . | footnote _ f = {{ note | f }} official in [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] . }} | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија , {{ lang - sl | jugoslavija }} , {{ lang - mk | | ||||
| 772701137 | 14 | 1945 – 1953 | year _ representative2 = 1989 – 1991 | | title _ deputy = [[ general secretary of the league of communists of yugoslavia | general secretary ]] | | deputy1 = [[ josip broz tito ]] {{ small | ( first ) }} | deputy2 = [[ milan pančevski ]] {{ small | ( last ) }} | year _ deputy1 = 1945 – 1980 | year _ deputy2 = 1989 – 1990 --> | | legislature = [[ parliament of yugoslavia | federal assembly ]] | house1 = [[ federal assembly of the sfry | chamber of republics ]] | house2 = [[ federal assembly of the sfry | federal chamber ]] | | stat _ year1 = 1989 | stat _ area1 = 255804 | stat _ pop1 = 23724919 | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | today = {{ flagcountry | serbia }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | croatia }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | bosnia and herzegovina }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | montenegro }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | kosovo }} {{ efn | {{ kosovo - note }} }} | footnote _ a = {{ note | sh - lat }} full name in the [[ serbo - croatian ]] language , written in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ( see [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia # name | name ]] section for details ) . | footnote _ b = {{ note | sh - cyr }} full name in [[ serbo - croatian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , written in [[ cyrillic script | cyrillic ]] . | footnote _ c = {{ note | sl }} full name in the [[ slovene language ]] ( slovene only uses [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin ]] ) . | footnote _ d = {{ note | d }} there was no ' ' [[ de jure ]] ' ' official language at the federal level , < ref name = " hladczuk1992 " > {{ cite book | author = john hladczuk | title = international handbook of reading education | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = 1yl9 _ n1k1q0c & pg = pa454 | date = 1 january 1992 | publisher = greenwood publishing group | isbn = 978 - 0 - 313 - 26253 - 1 | pages = 454 – }} < / ref > < ref name = " altman1978 " > {{ cite book | author = gavro altman | title = yugoslavia : a multinational community | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = f - mnaaaamaaj | year = 1978 | publisher = jugoslovenska stvarnost }} < / ref > < ref name = " tulasiewicz1971 " > {{ cite book | author = jan bruno tulasiewicz | title = economic growth and development : a case study | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = b1wkaaaamaaj | year = 1971 | publisher = morris print . company }} < / ref > but [[ serbo - croatian ]] was ' ' de facto ' ' official . it was also legally the official language in the federal republics of [[ socialist republic of serbia | serbia ]] , [[ socialist republic of croatia | croatia ]] , [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia and herzegovina ]] , and [[ socialist republic of montenegro | montenegro ]] . < ref name = " hladczuk1992 " / > < ref name = " altman1978 " / > | footnote _ e = {{ note | e }} official in [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] . | footnote _ f = {{ note | f }} official in [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] . }} | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија , {{ lang - sl | jugoslavija }} , {{ lang - mk | | ||||
| 790060291 | 0 | }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] | [[ file : former _ yugoslavia _ 2008 . png | thumb | right | 300px | yugoslavia succeeds to seven countries , which are [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] and [[ former yugoslavia republic of macedonia ]] ( fyrom ) . ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија {{ ipa - sh | juɡǒslaːʋija | } } ; {{ lang - sl | ||||
| 790094965 | 0 | }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] | [[ file : former _ yugoslavia _ 2008 . png | thumb | right | 300px | yugoslavia succeeds to seven countries , which are [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ( disputed ) . ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија {{ ipa - sh | juɡǒslaːʋija | } } ; {{ lang - sl | ||||
| 817382760 | 5 | - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of | yugoslavia ]] | yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]] | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start = 1 december 1918 | event1 = [[ invasion of yugoslavia | axis invasion ]] | date _ event1 = 6 april 1941 | event2 = [[ abolition of monarchy ]] | date _ event2 = 29 november 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april 1992 | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1918 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = yugoslav dinar | footnotes = | footnotes2 = | today = }} | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian | |||
| 824490818 | 5 | symbol _ type = emblem ( 1963 – 1992 ) | symbol _ type _ article = emblem of yugoslavia | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian | ||||
| 9 | > {{ small | " national anthem of the kingdom of yugoslavia " }} < br / > {{ center | [[ file : himna kraljevine jugoslavije . ogg ]] }} | < br / > ' ' ' 1943 – 1992 ' ' ' : < br / > ' ' [[ hej , slaveni ]] ' ' ( unofficial ) < br / > хеј , словени < br / > {{ small | " hey , slavs " }} < br / > {{ center | [[ file : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] }} | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = ' ' ' 1921 – 1945 : ' ' ' < br / > [[ serbo - croato - slovene ]] {{ ref label | scs | a | } } < ref name = " busch2004 " > {{ cite book | last1 = busch | first1 = birgitta | last2 = kelly - holmes | first2 = helen | title = language , discourse and borders in the yugoslav successor states | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = mlxq5zkb _ vqc & pg = pa26 | year = 2004 | publisher = multilingual matters | isbn = 978 - 1 - 85359 - 732 - 9 | pages = 26 }} < / ref > < br / > ' ' ' 1945 – 1992 : ' ' ' < br / > [[ serbo - croatian ]] < br / > [[ slovene language | slovene ]] < br / > [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | government _ type = [[ constitutional monarchy ]] < br / > {{ small | ( 1918 – 1929 ; 1931 – 1945 ) }} < br > [[ absolute monarchy ]] {{ small | ( 1929 – 1931 ) }} < br / > [[ federal republic | federal ]] [[ socialist state | socialist ]] [[ republic ]] {{ small | ( 1945 – 1992 ) }} | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start = 1 december | year _ start = 1918 | event1 = [[ invasion of yugoslavia | axis invasion ]] | date _ event1 = 6 april 1941 | event2 = [[ abolition of monarchy ]] | date _ event2 = 29 november 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1918 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = [[ yugoslav krone ]] < br / > {{ small | ( 1918 – 1920 ) }} < br / > [[ yugoslav dinar ]] < br / > {{ small | ( 1920 – 1992 ) }} | today = {{ flag | serbia }} < br / > {{ flag | croatia }} < br / > {{ flag | bosnia and herzegovina }} < br / > {{ flag | montenegro }} < br / > {{ flag | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | b | } } | footnote _ a = {{ note | scs }} [[ serbo - croatian ]] and [[ slovene language | slovene ]] are separate languages , but that was not officially accepted or universally acknowledged at the time , and ' serbo - croato - slovene ' was declared the single official language ( ' ' srpsko - hrvatsko - slovenački ; ' ' also translated " serbocroatoslovenian " ) . in practice it functioned as serbo - croatian . < ref > {{ cite book | title = entangled histories of the balkans : volume one : national ideologies and language policies | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = fgmjqmflygoc & pg = pa371 | year = 2013 | publisher = koninklijke brill nv | isbn = 978 - 90 - 04 - 25076 - 5 | page = 371 | editor1 - first = rumen | editor1 - last = daskalov | editor2 - first = tchavdar | editor2 - last = marinov | chapter = language and identity : the fate of serbo - croatian | first = ronelle | last = alexander | quote = now , however , the official language of the new state , the kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes , bore the unwieldy name serbo - croato - slovene ( ' ' srpsko - hrvatsko - slovenački ' ' ) . }} < / ref > < ref > {{ cite book | last1 = wojciechowski | first1 = sebastian | last2 = burszta | first2 = wojciech j . | last3 = kamusella | first3 = tomasz | title = nationalisms across the globe : an overview of nationalisms in state - endowed and stateless nations | volume = 2 | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = hxyuaqaaiaaj | year = 2006 | publisher = school of humanities and journalism | isbn = 978 - 83 - 87653 - 46 - 0 | page = 79 | quote = similarly , the 1921 constitution declared serbocroatoslovenian as the official and national language of the kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenians . }} < / ref > | footnote _ b = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} }} | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian | |||||
| 827934807 | 4 | - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of | yugoslavia ]] | yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]] | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start = 1 december | year _ start = 1918 | event1 = [[ invasion of yugoslavia | axis invasion ]] | date _ event1 = 6 april 1941 | event2 = [[ abolition of monarchy ]] | date _ event2 = 29 november 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1918 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = yugoslav dinar | footnotes = | footnotes2 = | today = }} | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian |
| left_string | del_string | ins_string | right_string | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| 193899901 | 6 | flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of | |
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| 194172419 | 2 | flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of | |
| 194423248 | 1 | flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of | |
| 195272713 | 0 | flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of | |
| 195659567 | 0 | flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of | |
| 195753298 | 0 | flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of | |
| 198660567 | 0 | flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of | |
| 199793330 | 0 | . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag _ of _ | select , biased or bully european countries like germany , france , britain or the u . s . do not speak for the entire planet about | kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages |
| 199794579 | 1 | . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | select , biased or bullying by european countries like germany , france , britain or the u . s . do not speak for the entire planet about | image : flag _ of _ | kosovo . no map of kosovo is legal thus far . the " territory " not province of kosovo was not legally separated from serbia . any flag , or rcognition |
| 199794926 | 6 | . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag _ of _ kosovo | . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and | |
| 199795049 | 1 | . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | international | pending full recognition is not full recognition . must i declare that i am a billionaire , when i don ' t even have a penny ? < / gallery > | |
| 199795294 | 4 | . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag _ of _ kosovo | law | . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and |
| 199795480 | 8 | . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | no kosovo until full recgnition of the world and respect of | international law . i ' m sorry , but i can make a " pending full recognition " claim of quebec canada . not legal until full recognition . < / | |
| 199795956 | 1 | . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long | |
| 199796056 | 0 | . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) play hard ball , but this flag is still illegal under interntional law . < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural | |
| 199796548 | 1 | . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history | |
| 199796772 | 0 | . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) : flag and " nation currently illegal " , or as legal as quebec , scotland , republika srpska , skadar , epirus , | |
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| 208630542 | 0 | yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | | former yugoslav | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < | |
| 208650124 | 2 | yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | | former yugoslav | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < | |
| 210295199 | 2 | union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia | < br > | image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic | |
| 3 | flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : | ||
| 4 | : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of | image : flag | of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < / | ||
| 7 | yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | | republic | of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < / | ||
| 210295514 | 1 | union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia | < br > | image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | |
| 210295743 | 0 | union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia | ( previously ) | image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | |
| 210316137 | 1 | svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | | republic | of vojvodina . svg | vojvodina < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of | |
| 5 | union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia | ( previously ) | image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | ||
| 6 | yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia ( previously ) image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of | ||
| 7 | . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag | of vojvodina . svg | vojvodina < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of | ||
| 210766272 | 3 | flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : | |
| 4 | : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of | image : flag | of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < / | ||
| 7 | yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | | republic | of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < / | ||
| 210766951 | 2 | yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | | republic of | kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag | |
| 210767374 | 5 | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of vojvodina . svg | autonomous province of vojvodina | currently | image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | |
| 210773864 | 4 | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | republic of kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | | republic | of vojvodina . svg | autonomous province of vojvodina < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the | |
| 11 | " flags of the currently recognized countries " > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | republic of kosovo | image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of | ||
| 12 | . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | image : flag | of vojvodina . svg | autonomous province of vojvodina < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the | ||
| 229663329 | 1 | flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : | |
| 229719056 | 1 | flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : | |
| 229854164 | 0 | flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia | image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo | image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : | |
| 231810520 | 1 | union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia | ]] | image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic | |
| 2 | flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | | [[ | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | | ||
| 4 | : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | | [[ | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image | ||
| 5 | flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia | ]] | image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : | ||
| 6 | yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | | [[ | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < | ||
| 7 | flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia | | macedonia ]] | image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < / gallery > | ||
| 8 | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | | [[ | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties | ||
| 9 | and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro | ]] | image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = | ||
| 10 | svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | | [[ | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and | ||
| 11 | | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia | ]] | image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the | ||
| 237570587 | 2 | independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ | former yugoslav | republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag | |
| 244370322 | 3 | bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ | former yugoslav | republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : | |
| 247935764 | 28 | the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | | < center > | ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of | |
| 29 | european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ | serbia | image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia | ||
| 31 | sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | | < center > | image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro | ||
| 34 | yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | | < center > | ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of | ||
| 35 | . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ | slovenia | image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia | ||
| 37 | of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | | < center > | image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ | ||
| 56 | european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ | sfr yugoslavia | ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of | ||
| 58 | . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ | croatia | ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of | ||
| 257769716 | 54 | ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | | < center > | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : | |
| 318046156 | 21 | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | | png | | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | |
| 400599300 | 4 | of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | | [[ | file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat | |
| 13 | of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | | < center > [[ | [[ file : flag of | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of | |
| 28 | of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | | < center > [[ | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat | ||
| 496174460 | 1 | " ( slavs ) . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | | thumb | caption1 = yugoslavia at the time of its dissolution , early 1992 | | right | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : banovine jugoslavia . png | thumb | 250px | right | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions |
| 2 | slavs ) . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | thumb | | right | image2 = banovine jugoslavia . png | | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : banovine jugoslavia . png | thumb | 250px | right | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas | |
| 9 | dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | | thumb | right | | caption1 = | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and provinces of yugoslavia ]] on 29 november 1945 | |
| 547327217 | 1 | of yugoslavia }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 210 | header = | image1 = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | | caption1 = | thumb | 250px | | flag of [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | sfr yugoslavia ]] | image2 = yugoslavia . svg | caption2 = republics and autonomous provinces of sfr yugoslavia }} on 29 |
| 785635499 | 3 | about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main article | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | | 250px | | flag of the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ]] on 11 november 1945 [[ yugoslavian parliamentary election , 1945 | elections ]] were held with only the communist | |
| 818641417 | 1 | {{ ! }} fr yugoslavia | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | | image _ flag = flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | | flag _ type = flag ( 1918 - 1941 ) | image _ flag2 = | 120px ]] < br > < br > [[ file : | flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag2 _ type = flag ( 1946 - 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = | symbol = | |
| 2 | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag ( 1918 - 1941 ) | image _ flag2 = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | | flag2 | 120px ]] | flag | _ type = flag ( 1946 - 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map | |
| 819801402 | 0 | herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | s5 = serbia and montenegro {{ ! }} fr yugoslavia | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | | | image _ flag = [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 120px ]] < br > < br > [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px ]] | | image _ flag = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | | flag _ type = flag | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px |
| 820519392 | 0 | ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | s5 = serbia and montenegro {{ ! }} federal republic of yugoslavia | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | | | | image _ flag = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag ( 1945 - 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat | |
| 823677880 | 0 | yugoslavia | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | image _ flag = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag ( 1945 | - | – | 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = grb jugoslavije . svg | symbol _ type = emblem ( 1963 - 1992 ) | symbol _ type |
| 846882529 | 1 | sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( 1918 - 1939 ) < br / > bottom : flag ( 1945 | - | – | 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : |
| left_string | del_string | ins_string | right_string | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 644599 | 0 | < td > [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png ]] < / tr > < / td > < tr > < td > < i > fig . 1 - | current | map of yugoslavia < / i > < / tr > < / td > < / table > the united nations , and many individual states ( including the [[ | |
| 31961080 | 69 | croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - [[ 2015 | ]] | . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = | |
| 47183247 | 1 | yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) - - [[ user : | 70 | / / www | . 157 . 68 . 26 | 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 ]] 01 : 16 , 6 april 2006 ( utc ) poop |
| 80382137 | 6 | central ]] [[ europe ]] at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . | , england , holland | their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states | |
| 27 | central ]] [[ europe ]] at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . | on one side were a number of european states eager to gain independence for [[ slovenia ]] and [[ croatia ]] ; on the other side was the [[ united states ]] , eager to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and " globalised " its political economy through " shock therapy " in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] and , more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] | . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 - | ||
| 85539858 | 16 | yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - | 026101 - x | * carmichael , cathie . 2005 ‘t | = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ |
| 85546527 | 6 | about the roots of the yugoslav troubles ’ , ' ' nationalities papers ' ' , vol . 32 , no . 4 , december 2004 , pp . 731 - | 026101 - x | = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ | |
| 87847188 | 60 | dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - | [[ | 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated | |
| 61 | , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 | ]] | , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders | ||
| 72 | result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in [[ 1990 ]] - | [[ | 1991 ]] is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand | ||
| 73 | both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in [[ 1990 ]] - [[ 1991 | ]] | is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration | ||
| 92831259 | 0 | . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x | * http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html | = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ | |
| 98390975 | 0 | al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; | isbn | 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 . * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , | |
| 103590946 | 3 | to the secession of most of the constituent elements of the sfry . the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( 1992 - 2003 | ]] | ) was a [[ federation ]] on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of | |
| 4 | the secession of most of the constituent elements of the sfry . the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( 1992 - 2003 ) | , | was a [[ federation ]] on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ | ||
| 107938591 | 47 | : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 | . | * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 . * owen , david : ' | |
| 117037791 | 1 | the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] [[ 1943 ]] - [[ 25 | june | ]] [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of | |
| 117265106 | 1 | the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] [[ 1943 ]] - [[ 25 | june | ]] [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of | |
| 118307706 | 0 | guides , london , 2006 * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x | * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html , monday , dec . 04 , 1944 new power ] | = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and | |
| 118410947 | 0 | guides , london , 2006 * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x | * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html new power ] | = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and | |
| 137226277 | 1 | ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 * glenny , misha , ' ' the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 | ]] | ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches | |
| 6 | : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 | * [[ lampe , john r ]] : " yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 | * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 * owen , david : ' ' | ||
| 158105237 | 0 | service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf | " | yugoslavia , the outworn structure ( cia report from november 1970 ) ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / | |
| 168734899 | 15 | see below ) * [[ november ]] , [[ 1995 ]] , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ 1996 ]] - | [[ | 1999 ]] clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] nato bombing of | |
| 16 | ) * [[ november ]] , [[ 1995 ]] , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ 1996 ]] - [[ 1999 | ]] | clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] nato bombing of fr yugoslavia | ||
| 176166679 | 0 | ]] ( [[ user talk : 24 . 128 . 145 . 93 | talk ]] ) 14 : 28 , 6 december 2007 ( utc ) - - - - | - - - - yugoslavia is a big fat poop face ! ! ! ! and should be taken over by the french . | - - - - {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | |
| 192075557 | 2 | ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | југославија }} , {{ lang | sh - latn | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' }} , {{ lang - en | | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : | [[ south slavia ]] }} ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . | |
| 193660078 | 0 | , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * 1996 - 1999 | , | clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr | |
| 206782246 | 1 | province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - | 1928 | 2970 | = = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 230px | right | map of yugoslavia in [[ 1919 ]] showing the provisional borders |
| 206801668 | 1 | province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1994 - | 2970 | 1928 | = = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 230px | right | map of yugoslavia in [[ 1919 ]] showing the provisional borders |
| 246000728 | 0 | . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] aknowledge the lie : www . youtube . com / watch ? v = zp6c18jb - dg | watch this - stop world criminalisation of serbs < embed id = " videoplayback " src = " http : / / video . google . com / googleplayer . swf ? docid = 5860186121153047571 & hl = nl & fs = true " style = " width : 400px ; height : 326px " allowfullscreen = " true " allowscriptaccess = " always " type = " application / x - shockwave - flash " > < / embed > < embed id = " videoplayback " src = " http : / / video . google . com / googleplayer . swf ? docid = 6371060303901674397 & hl = nl & fs = true " style = " width : 400px ; height : 326px " allowfullscreen = " true " allowscriptaccess = " always " type = " application / x - shockwave - flash " > < / embed > | = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : | |
| 247526296 | 30 | http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 | ]] | | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in | |
| 257767654 | 14 | socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | | [[ socialist | autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 - 1963 ) | autonomous province | |
| 259243918 | 0 | | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ | former yugoslav | republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of macedonia . | |
| 259244099 | 0 | | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ | former yugoslav republic of | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of macedonia . svg | | |
| 259244531 | 0 | | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ | republic of | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of macedonia . svg | | |
| 265036679 | 0 | jugoslavio ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ga : an iúgslaiv ]] [[ gv : yn yugoslaavey ]] [[ gl : iugoslavia - југославија ]] | [[ zh - classical : 南斯拉夫 ]] | [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : juhosłowjanska ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ | |
| 286234398 | 0 | center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ | former yugoslav republic of macedonia | | republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . | |
| 286234467 | 0 | center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ | republic of macedonia | | former yugoslav republic of macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ | |
| 294986351 | 0 | | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ | republic of macedonia | | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | | |
| 294986627 | 0 | | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ | republic of macedonia | | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | | |
| 337480691 | 8 | | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ | macedonia | skopje | ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of |
| 337480914 | 7 | | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ | skopje | macedonia | ( country ) | skopje ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of |
| 337768752 | 12 | the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 | respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with the 1918 collapse of [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austria - hungary ]] at the end of [[ world war i ]] and the formation of the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe | ) , state union , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast | |
| 13 | democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) | ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a centralized yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . < ref > {{ cite book | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xcp7oxqe0fmc & pg = pa624 | title = the balkans since 1453 | page = 624 }} < / ref > during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned , communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia ]] ( autonomous region with significant internal self - government ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . the entire kingdom was to be federalized but [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . from 1941 - 45 , the croatian [[ ustaše ]] regime murdered around 500 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism , the victims were predominantly [[ serbs ]] , but include 37 , 000 [[ jews ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center - [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > ' ' see : [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ' ' = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces . ]] [[ file : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] . ]] [[ file : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] congress . ]] {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} on november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six people ' s republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coa of sr croatia . png | 40px ]] < center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry montenegro . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after the intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . yugoslavia solved the national issue or nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag and / or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well as the republics of bosnia and herzegovina , and montenegro , were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . in slovenia the recognized minorities were hungarians and italians . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo - metohija ]] formed a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] but those provinces also formed part of the federation , which led to the unique situation that [[ central serbia ]] did not have its own assembly but a joint assembly with its provinces represented in it . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | changes in yugoslavian religious demographics }} yugoslavia had always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of [[ modernization ]] and [[ urbanization ]] , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post - war communist government ' s policies on national unity and state structure . after the rise of [[ communism ]] , a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the total population of yugoslavia considered themselves to be religious believers . the places of highest religious concentration were that of [[ kosovo ]] with 91 % and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] with 83 . 8 % . the places of lowest religious concentration were [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created in ethnic albanian - majority populated [[ kosovo ]] and the mixed - populated [[ vojvodina ]] . these autonomous provinces held the same voting power as the republics but unlike the republics , they could not legally separate from yugoslavia . this concession satisfied croatia and slovenia , but in serbia and in the new autonomous province of kosovo , reaction was different . serbs saw the new constitution as conceding to croat and ethnic albanian nationalists . ethnic albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeopardizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s which was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] loan . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of 1990 directly following the adoption of the imf programme , another 889 enterprises with a combined work - force of 525 , 000 workers suffered the same fate . in other words , in less than two years " the trigger mechanism " ( under the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . an additional 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = though the 1974 constitution dampened the institutional and material powers of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia to become part of a [[ greater serbia ]] which he accused the serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia resulted in the bosnian war . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ stress ( biological ) | tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb communities within croatia rebelling and trying to secede from the croat republic . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at around 80 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was quickly declining for several reasons , among them the ever increasing ethnic tensions and subsequent emigration from the area . by 1999 the slavs formed as little as 10 % of the total population in kosovo . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovan republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the plurality population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenes , supported by croats , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to cede power peacefully . other yugoslav republics – especially serbia – were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) against the two of the union but as the year passed other republics communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater autonomy of the republics ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , since it became clear that serbian domination attempts and increasingly different levels of democratic standards were becoming increasingly incompatible . [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia wouldn ' t accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces . when in august 1990 croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina led to a war that lasted more than 3 years ( see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of macedonia was peaceful , although the yugoslav army occupied the peak of the straža mountain on the macedonian soil . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from the dalmatian coast towards the inland almost a year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to [[ croatian home guard | home guard ]] ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disaramament of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between the croatian defence minister martin špegelj and the two men , filmed by the yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . the film was spiced by distorting sounds and fabricated voice of the croatian minister . also , guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the army was seen as a serbian service by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo and montenegro during [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution # october 1988 : vojvodina : yogurt revolution | yogurt revolutions ]] . following the first multi - party election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics . by this proposal republics would have right to self - determination . however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on march 9 , 1991 , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police were mostly already slovenian before slovenia ' s declaration of independence . the following day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within the next 48 hours . however , because of the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts that the federation was under attack by foreign forces , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on the ground where they served their conscription , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the austrian [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defense , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army – houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana – zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport were killed . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ debt moratorium | moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the police forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some strategic places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in most others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia ( prohor pčinjski part ) , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | vmro ]] ' ' ) . this was despite the fact that the yugoslav army refused to abandon its military infrastructure on the top of the straža mountain up to the year [[ 2000 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on november 27 , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = 1991 - 09 - 25 | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on january 9 , 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 – 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was not clear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied . the republic ' s government declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january 15 , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * june 14 , 1996 , the [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] is signed , limiting the military equipment of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * 1996 – 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia ( serbia and montenegro ) * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 | , state union , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : | ||
| 337769485 | 12 | the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 | respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with the 1918 collapse of [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austria - hungary ]] at the end of [[ world war i ]] and the formation of the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe | ) , state union , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast | |
| 13 | democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) | ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a centralized yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . < ref > {{ cite book | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xcp7oxqe0fmc & pg = pa624 | title = the balkans since 1453 | page = 624 }} < / ref > during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned , communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia ]] ( autonomous region with significant internal self - government ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . the entire kingdom was to be federalized but [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . from 1941 - 45 , the croatian [[ ustaše ]] regime murdered around 500 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism , the victims were predominantly [[ serbs ]] , but include 37 , 000 [[ jews ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center - [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > ' ' see : [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ' ' = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces . ]] [[ file : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] . ]] [[ file : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] congress . ]] {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} on november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six people ' s republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coa of sr croatia . png | 40px ]] < center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry montenegro . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after the intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . yugoslavia solved the national issue or nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag and / or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well as the republics of bosnia and herzegovina , and montenegro , were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . in slovenia the recognized minorities were hungarians and italians . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo - metohija ]] formed a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] but those provinces also formed part of the federation , which led to the unique situation that [[ central serbia ]] did not have its own assembly but a joint assembly with its provinces represented in it . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | changes in yugoslavian religious demographics }} yugoslavia had always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of [[ modernization ]] and [[ urbanization ]] , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post - war communist government ' s policies on national unity and state structure . after the rise of [[ communism ]] , a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the total population of yugoslavia considered themselves to be religious believers . the places of highest religious concentration were that of [[ kosovo ]] with 91 % and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] with 83 . 8 % . the places of lowest religious concentration were [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created in ethnic albanian - majority populated [[ kosovo ]] and the mixed - populated [[ vojvodina ]] . these autonomous provinces held the same voting power as the republics but unlike the republics , they could not legally separate from yugoslavia . this concession satisfied croatia and slovenia , but in serbia and in the new autonomous province of kosovo , reaction was different . serbs saw the new constitution as conceding to croat and ethnic albanian nationalists . ethnic albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeopardizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s which was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] loan . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of 1990 directly following the adoption of the imf programme , another 889 enterprises with a combined work - force of 525 , 000 workers suffered the same fate . in other words , in less than two years " the trigger mechanism " ( under the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . an additional 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = though the 1974 constitution dampened the institutional and material powers of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia to become part of a [[ greater serbia ]] which he accused the serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia resulted in the bosnian war . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ stress ( biological ) | tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb communities within croatia rebelling and trying to secede from the croat republic . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at around 80 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was quickly declining for several reasons , among them the ever increasing ethnic tensions and subsequent emigration from the area . by 1999 the slavs formed as little as 10 % of the total population in kosovo . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovan republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the plurality population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenes , supported by croats , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to cede power peacefully . other yugoslav republics – especially serbia – were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) against the two of the union but as the year passed other republics communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater autonomy of the republics ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , since it became clear that serbian domination attempts and increasingly different levels of democratic standards were becoming increasingly incompatible . [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia wouldn ' t accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces . when in august 1990 croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina led to a war that lasted more than 3 years ( see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of macedonia was peaceful , although the yugoslav army occupied the peak of the straža mountain on the macedonian soil . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from the dalmatian coast towards the inland almost a year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to [[ croatian home guard | home guard ]] ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disaramament of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between the croatian defence minister martin špegelj and the two men , filmed by the yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . the film was spiced by distorting sounds and fabricated voice of the croatian minister . also , guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the army was seen as a serbian service by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo and montenegro during [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution # october 1988 : vojvodina : yogurt revolution | yogurt revolutions ]] . following the first multi - party election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics . by this proposal republics would have right to self - determination . however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on march 9 , 1991 , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police were mostly already slovenian before slovenia ' s declaration of independence . the following day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within the next 48 hours . however , because of the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts that the federation was under attack by foreign forces , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on the ground where they served their conscription , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the austrian [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defense , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army – houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana – zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport were killed . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ debt moratorium | moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the police forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some strategic places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in most others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia ( prohor pčinjski part ) , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | vmro ]] ' ' ) . this was despite the fact that the yugoslav army refused to abandon its military infrastructure on the top of the straža mountain up to the year [[ 2000 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on november 27 , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = 1991 - 09 - 25 | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on january 9 , 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 – 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was not clear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied . the republic ' s government declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january 15 , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * june 14 , 1996 , the [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] is signed , limiting the military equipment of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * 1996 – 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia ( serbia and montenegro ) * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 | , state union , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : | ||
| 338545828 | 10 | - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) | , also initially known as the democratic | it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to which the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] was annexed on 13 november 1918 , and the conference of ambassadors in [[ paris ]] gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > ) . the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the | federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , |
| 400599300 | 66 | 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 | ]] | ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan | |
| 467907565 | 4 | : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ | | [[ republic of | croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | | |
| 9 | / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ | montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : emblem of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of slovenia ]] | serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and | ||
| 16 | < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | | ||
| 468701811 | 19 | | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ | republic of macedonia | | macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag | |
| 492376913 | 7 | | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ | republic of kosovo | | kosovo ]] ( disputed ) < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ | |
| 496003280 | 19 | = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ | republic of macedonia | | macedonia ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | |
| 500174054 | 1 | / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ | montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia | ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file |
| 542264962 | 1 | ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - | recognized date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' which date of independence is celebrated as a public holiday ? ' ' ' < center > | - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and | |
| 594278060 | 0 | center > | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] | february 17 | - | [[ | republic of | macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center | |
| 594278153 | 0 | center > | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] | february 17 | - | [[ | republic of | republic of | macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center |
| 622094154 | 7 | svg | 40px ]] < center > | june 25 , 1991 | october 8 , 1991 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 25 | - | | 17 | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february | |
| 9 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 17 | - | [[ | republic of macedonia | | macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center | ||
| 28 | svg | 40px ]] < center > | june 25 , 1991 | october 8 , 1991 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 25 | - | | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] | | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file | ||
| 788334299 | 2 | anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 1 - 77007 - 031 - 1 | }} | * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , | |
| 5 | change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 - 4039 - 7286 - 9 | }} | * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 – 1999 ' ' ( london : | ||
| 8 | [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x | }} | * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . | ||
| 11 | ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 | }} | ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great | ||
| 12 | al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; | {{ | isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain | ||
| 14 | : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 | }} | * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 - | ||
| 17 | r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 - 521 - 46705 - 5 | }} | * malesevic , sinisa : ideology , legitimacy and the new state : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . * owen , david . ' | ||
| 20 | : ' ' tito , mihailovic , and the allies : 1941 – 1945 ' ' . duke university press , 1987 ; isbn 0 - 8223 - 0773 - 1 | }} | * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 – 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura | ||
| 819799752 | 0 | | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]] | | title _ leader = | | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start = 1 december | year _ start |
| 819821999 | 1 | | longew = | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = 1921 - 1945 : | ' ' ' < br / > | [[ serbo - croato - slovene ]] {{ ref label | scs | a | } } < ref name = " busch2004 " > {{ cite book | last1 = | |
| 847129796 | 0 | ; 1941 ) < br / > [[ file : national anthem of the kingdom of yugoslavia . oga ]] ( 1945 & ndash ; 1992 ) - - - - | " [[ hej , sloveni ]] " | ( 1945 & ndash ; 1992 ) - - - - " [[ hej , sloveni ]] " < br / > [[ file : united states navy band - hey | |
| 1 | ; 1941 ) < br / > [[ file : national anthem of the kingdom of yugoslavia . oga ]] ( 1945 & ndash ; 1992 ) - - - - | " [[ hej , sloveni ]] " | < br / > [[ file : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages | ||
| 847130150 | 2 | yugoslavia | himna kraljevine jugoslavije ]] " ( 1919 & ndash ; 1941 ) < br / > [[ file : himna kraljevine jugoslavije . ogg ]] - - - - | - - - - | " [[ hey , slavs | hej , slaveni ]] " ( 1945 & ndash ; 1992 ) < br / > [[ file : united states navy band - hey | |
| 847130224 | 4 | dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia ( 1929 & ndash ; 1992 ) - - - - | kingdom of | serbs , croats and slovenes ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th | |
| 847130264 | 0 | }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia < small > ( 1929 & ndash ; 1992 ) < / small > - - - - | kingdom of | serbs , croats and slovenes < small > ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) < / small > | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1288560 | 16 | & euml ; ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is term casually used for any of following political entities : * [[ | kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which existed from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1941 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , from 1918 to [[ 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 | ||
| 1298298 | 1 | nl : joegoslavi & euml ; ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is term casually used for any of following political entities | : * | . the first was a | [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] | |
| 2 | & euml ; ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is term casually used for any of following political entities : * [[ | monarchy | | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * | |||
| 3 | euml ; ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is term casually used for any of following political entities : * [[ kingdom | ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] under name ' ' ' kingdom | of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * [[ | |||
| 2184559 | 0 | [[ tricolour ]] of yugoslavia < / center > < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities . | in serbo - croat , it means " | the name is interpreted to mean ' ' | land of southern slavs " from elements of jugo ( south ) , and slavia ( slavs ) . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ | |
| 1 | / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities . in serbo - croat , it means " land of | southern | south | slavs " from elements of jugo ( south ) , and slavia ( slavs ) . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as | ||
| 2184776 | 4 | / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities . the name is interpreted to mean ' ' land of | the | south slavs ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in | ||
| 2808593 | 0 | ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' | [[ | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 | ||
| 4134182 | 0 | is a term used for three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south | [[ | slavs ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in | ||
| 5081284 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all | [[ | south [[ slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means | ||
| 1 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all south | [[ | slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means ' ' | |||
| 8718523 | 0 | population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading to great civilain loss of life , principally | but not exclusively | among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided the bulk of partisan formations . the current estimate of the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is 1 , | ||
| 9382057 | 2 | independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia - herzegovina , albeit only by two out of its three constitutive peoples , | [[ | bosniaks and croats . secession of the new - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody and gruesome [[ yugoslav wars ]] . it started with a short war in | ||
| 9383013 | 14 | yugoslavia into loose confederation of six republics in autumn 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] rejected all such proposals | with an argument | , arguing | that all serbs should live in the same country . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia | |
| 13337578 | 0 | highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by | yje | the | ethnic [[ bulgarian ]] vlado chernozemski acting on behalf of [[ vmro ]] . kimg alexander ' s son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] | |
| 13337668 | 2 | highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by | the | yje | ethnic [[ bulgarian ]] vlado chernozemski acting on behalf of [[ vmro ]] . kimg alexander ' s son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] | |
| 23641751 | 0 | the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the | far - right | catholic fascist | militia [[ ustaše ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied bosnia - herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other | |
| 1 | ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia | known as the | [[ ustaše ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied bosnia - herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts | |||
| 25682758 | 13 | starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction | in form of mass deportation of | causing many ethnic - | albanians and similar militia activity , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the | |
| 27670102 | 0 | the people of their republics to reject belgrade law . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the | albanian majority | albanians | and the serbian minority in the province . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived | |
| 30275579 | 1 | dead under unknown circumstances . aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics and ranković‘s ethnic cleansing of souther serbia ( | approx | circa | 2 milion albanians expelled to turkey ) and kosovo . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in the case of [[ edvard kardelj ]] | |
| 30670821 | 0 | unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ | vmro | imro | | macedonian nationalists ]] . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] ( petar ii ) , was a child , so power fell | |
| 31961080 | 40 | right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in | [[ | 1980 ]] , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy | ||
| 32922260 | 6 | carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . this led to great civilian loss of life | , principally but not exclusively | in most regions of yugoslavia . | among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided a large portion of rebel formations . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , | |
| 32922398 | 0 | ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians ]] ( and | [[ | croats in [[ istria ]] ) . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the | ||
| 33738425 | 3 | royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against nla . after allies realised that | the | chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a | ||
| 14 | the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . | in the 1980s , the albanians | the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . | |||
| 36 | memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the growing influence of the clerics chielfy in croatia and slovenia who were | now working towards luring the people of their republics to reject belgrade law . | the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . | |||
| 33836329 | 4 | ]] . starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the yugoslav reaction | causing | resulted in a large number of civilian deaths , and caused | many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement | |
| 34241700 | 16 | entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - | independence sentiment among bosnians muslims | 67 % | and croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 % {{ ref | malcolm }} , however yes vote by 2 / 3 of the population was needed . | |
| 34474488 | 0 | [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . | frustrated by the lack of success of these policies | in 1996 | , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] , which , starting in 1996 , carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . serbian authorities denounced it | |
| 3 | the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . frustrated by the lack of success of these policies , | radical | albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] , which , starting in 1996 , carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . serbian authorities denounced it as a | |||
| 35562548 | 1 | land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was | a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats | my homeland | and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ january 6 ]] , 1929 | |
| 37508256 | 8 | declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of | [[ | 1991 ]] . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions , with the aid of the yugoslav army , | ||
| 9 | during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of [[ 1991 | ]] | . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions , with the aid of the yugoslav army , fought the | |||
| 11 | yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november [[ 1991 | ]] | , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on | |||
| 39238987 | 0 | two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and | since that decision was made without the consent of all tree nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were igored , though such decision should be supported by all bosinan nations ) , | the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by | ||
| 43200190 | 0 | yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies | were marched | marching | to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a | |
| 43204111 | 2 | hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | [[ independent state of croatia ]] - serbs , jews and gypsies | marching | were marched | to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a | |
| 43365603 | 1 | the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . in the 1980s , the albanians were the largest ethnic group in kosovo with over 90 % of the population | of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority | . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ | ||
| 43367294 | 0 | and the non - albanians in the province . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the | principle | number of | slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader | |
| 1 | non - albanians in the province . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the principle slavs | , | in kosovo ( | mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan | ||
| 7 | belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march , 1991 , the | so - called | [[ plitvice bloody easter ]] incident was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] maintained an impression of being | |||
| 48004378 | 0 | group of advocates of a joint country of south slavs , by politicians from [[ croatia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , which were then both in the [[ | austria - hungary | | austro - hungarian monarchy ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , | ||
| 49267272 | 10 | [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in | the federation . | albanian ]] miners | autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a | |
| 27 | croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that | all | like slovenes and croats , the | serbs should live in the same country . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police | ||
| 49848611 | 0 | presidency council , they even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on 2 | milion | million | serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , | |
| 51123816 | 18 | reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the | [[ state | conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom | of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] | |
| 19 | end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of | slovenes | serbs | , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form | ||
| 53085765 | 6 | people in istria . this duly came about in 1945 . however , the yugoslav slovenes benefited from the new state receiving all they had previously lacked ; high schools and | university to boot | universities | . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro - hungarian empire had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to belgrade . during | |
| 16 | made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against | the | serb civilian population . for a killed soldier , germans executed 100 civilians , for a wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , | |||
| 18 | royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against serb civilian population . for a killed soldier , | the | germans executed 100 civilians , for a wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . | |||
| 54510406 | 2 | the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them increasingly seriously , especially as the fate of | [[ | austro - hungarian empire looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at | ||
| 4 | was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in | [[ | istria and dalmatia . this was a very real concern . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange | |||
| 54621907 | 0 | the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by prince alexander . | dildo | croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able to extract gains from the | ||
| 54622229 | 0 | 1921 with the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by prince | alexander | johnny holmes | . dildo croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able to extract gains | |
| 57385805 | 1 | for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million or 38 . 8 | per cent | percent ) | were serbs and 2 . 8 million or 23 . 7 per cent were croats . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations | |
| 3 | . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million or 38 . 8 per cent were serbs and 2 . 8 million or 23 . 7 | per cent | percent ) | were croats . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start | ||
| 59585694 | 0 | [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new [[ state of | the | slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state abroad . however quarrels broke out immediately about the terms of the | ||
| 59612233 | 0 | land of the south [[ slavs ]] ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . # the ' ' ' [[ | kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' ' | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was | ||
| 60458120 | 0 | [[ 2000 ]] . [[ image : banknoteyug . jpg | 300px | left | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] bill of 50 & nbsp ; [[ billion ]] [[ | yugoslavia | yugoslav | dinar | dinars ]] ( 1993 ) ]] on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade | |
| 62752814 | 4 | be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of | slovenes | slovenians | , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and | |
| 5 | [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new [[ state of | slovenes | slovenians | , croats and serbs ]] . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state abroad . however quarrels broke out immediately about the terms of the proposed | ||
| 12 | proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like | slovenes | slovenians | and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in | ||
| 62759735 | 3 | be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of | slovenians | slovenes | , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and | |
| 4 | [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new [[ state of | slovenians | slovenes | , croats and serbs ]] . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state abroad . however quarrels broke out immediately about the terms of the proposed | ||
| 11 | proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like | slovenians | slovenes | and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in | ||
| 62778982 | 4 | be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of | slovenes | slovenians | , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and | |
| 5 | [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new [[ state of | slovenes | slovenians | , croats and serbs ]] . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state abroad . however quarrels broke out immediately about the terms of the proposed | ||
| 12 | proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like | slovenes | slovenians | and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in | ||
| 62785123 | 4 | be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of | slovenians | slovenes | , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and | |
| 5 | [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new [[ state of | slovenians | slovenes | , croats and serbs ]] . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state abroad . however quarrels broke out immediately about the terms of the proposed | ||
| 12 | proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like | slovenians | slovenes | and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in | ||
| 63135388 | 2 | as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' | ' | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by king [[ alexander i of | ||
| 63136524 | 2 | frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ hinko hinković ]] , [[ franko potočnjak ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and [[ dušan vasiljević ]] ) from south | - slav lands under | slavic peoples in | the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs | |
| 5 | last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = during the early period of the | world war one ( 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures ( [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ hinko hinković ]] , [[ franko potočnjak ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and [[ dušan vasiljević ]] ) from | south - slav lands under the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was | |||
| 6 | odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds , especially among south | - | slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began | |||
| 63138218 | 4 | dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all | [[ | serbs , croats and slovenes , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these | ||
| 5 | , where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs | ]] | , croats and slovenes , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included | |||
| 6 | where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs , | [[ | croats and slovenes , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia | |||
| 63327901 | 34 | the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by prince aleksandar ii karađorđević . croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the | serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . | yugoslav [[ | slovenes were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the slovenes understood that it was only | |
| 87 | strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by fascist italy and nazi germany , croatian leader vlatko macek and his party managed the creation of the | [[ banovina of croatia | | croatian banovina ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in | |||
| 63517403 | 39 | made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo albanian - and some elements in the | [[ bosniaks | | bosnian muslim - population to bolster their rule . there had been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern | ||
| 63521475 | 0 | paralysed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify - date | june 2006 }} after tito ' s death | in | on [[ may 4th ]] [[ | 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more | |
| 60 | . many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the | [[ kosovo | | kosovar albanians , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his | |||
| 61 | many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar | ]] [[ | albanians , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death | |||
| 67 | overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . during 1980s , serbian academy of sciences and arts drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of | [[ | serbs as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia had been dispossessed of its attributes of statehood by the new | |||
| 73 | non - albanians in the province . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of | [[ | slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by 1999 they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , | |||
| 82 | yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the | [[ | serbs . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia as to devolve power even more to republics , but were voted down . as | |||
| 89 | franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights | ' ' | " , the serbs were stripped of their national and constitutional rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs | |||
| 138 | these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic | [[ | serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring | |||
| 66769379 | 1 | retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into | ethnic | conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , < ref > [[ | ||
| 66914194 | 0 | retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into | ethnic | conflict between the albanians and serbian goverment . at 77 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , < ref > [[ demographic history of kosovo # | ||
| 74593441 | 0 | that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the | [[ | south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' means south ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known | ||
| 5 | existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south | [[ | slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' means south ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the | |||
| 79166596 | 0 | political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of the | fat pieces of shit who try and copy the | [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known | ||
| 79166722 | 1 | political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of the | fat pieces of shit who try and copy the | [[ croatians ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as | ||
| 80538911 | 1 | fear was strongest in croat political circles , as large parts of what they thought to be hrvatska ( croatia , as commonly albeit incorrectly called abroad ) was home to | a | large serbian population . the national council ' s authority was limited and the italians were moving to take more territory than they had been alloted in an agreement with the | ||
| 80966897 | 1 | intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the nineteenth century , mainly because of the harsh policies against | any freedom movements occupied southern | slavs practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope | ||
| 83629642 | 6 | nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] ( ' ' četnici ' ' ) , a | mostly | serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla army led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | ||
| 83667331 | 1 | the [[ chetniks ]] ( ' ' četnici ' ' known for their war crimes and atrocities against non - orthodox population , croatians , muslims etc . ) , a | multiethnic , though largely | serb - composed nationalistic fasicst royalist guerilla army led by convicted war criminal [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . but very shortly after the begining of | ||
| 83862003 | 9 | also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the | ' ' | " | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | |
| 84299894 | 0 | | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ | south | west | slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of | |
| 84305972 | 0 | | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ | west | south | slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of | |
| 86212172 | 1 | ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of | serbs | herbs | , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] | |
| 89136398 | 0 | and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = | the idea of a | southern slavic | state for south slavs = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat | |
| 91986037 | 0 | around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements | among | occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the | ||
| 13 | exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively substantial numbers of italians lived in the coastal cities | , compared to the surrounding | surrounded by | slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . ]] although in 1915 the serbian | ||
| 42 | the future constituent assembly . the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . | however , | the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | | |||
| 95097441 | 0 | stojanović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent | and respect | the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' | ||
| 98746734 | 7 | two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and | since that decision was made without the consent of all three nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were ignored , though such decision should be supported by all bosnian nations ) , | the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called | ||
| 98954754 | 0 | federal presidency council , they even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on | the | 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] serbian | ||
| 2 | slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . | the | autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a | |||
| 18 | the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and | the | newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted | |||
| 100251781 | 0 | of croatia }} [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma | people | | gypsies ]] were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of | ||
| 102669832 | 8 | independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the | [[ | ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] as well as part | ||
| 104633643 | 0 | parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia , along with bosnian muslims , created concentration camps for | anti - fascists , communists , | serbs , roma and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children were executed in these camps , most of | ||
| 107220473 | 17 | of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result | , the | of these events , the | [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . | |
| 18 | ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ | albanians | albanian | | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 | ||
| 46 | who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting | the | or aiding | serbs from new croatian army disguised as a police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia . | ||
| 110340242 | 3 | the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the | only way | place yugoslavia is modern reference to the agent city of atlantis . there have been numerous arch . excavations to support such a theory , john straw ' s recent works in this field include : " searching | for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves | |
| 5 | south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost | freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] | libraries " | and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many | ||
| 115537912 | 1 | number of men , women and children were executed in these camps , most of whom were serbs . according to mile budak , croatia planned to kill a third of | the | serbs , convert a third to catholicism , and ethnically cleanse the last third . = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war | ||
| 115750122 | 3 | ]] organized resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a | multiethnic , though | largely serb , royalist guerilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist | ||
| 115837604 | 0 | ]] organized resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a | multiethnic , though | largely serb , royalist guerilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist | ||
| 124206927 | 0 | slovenia , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - | fascists | fascist croats | , communists , serbs , gypsies and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were | |
| 124386558 | 1 | slovenia , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - | fascist croats | fascists | , communists , serbs , gypsies and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were | |
| 125725649 | 7 | under the [[ karađorđević ]] dynasty . = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of | slovenes | jews | , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor ( or parliament ) declared | |
| 10 | the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . the kingdom of | serbs | jews | , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} | ||
| 11 | party ]] ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of | serbs | jews | , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of | ||
| 125729057 | 8 | the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . the kingdom of | jews | serbs | , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of jews , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} | |
| 9 | party ]] ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . the kingdom of jews , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of | jews | serbs | , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of | ||
| 131260685 | 1 | remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a | state for all south | life go away you loser | slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom | |
| 133158872 | 0 | demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . | = = = the government = = = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . | = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build | ||
| 133158924 | 0 | demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . | = = = the government = = = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . | = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build | ||
| 134919978 | 7 | official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew | | jewish | ]] and [[ roma people | roma ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | ||
| 135155283 | 7 | , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation ]] al and [[ constitution ]] al rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . | following this , | serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from dalmatian coast towards the inland almost a year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . | the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon the illegal importation of arms | |
| 135158463 | 6 | in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the | self - proclaimed | bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] | ||
| 137226277 | 0 | political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 * glenny , misha , ' ' | [[ | the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * gutman , roy . : | ||
| 144797370 | 2 | [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : | " land of the [[ | south slavs ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century | ||
| 150932203 | 3 | _ = = background = = {{ see also | creation of yugoslavia }} = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all | [[ | south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost | ||
| 13 | , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojadinović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the | [[ house of | habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose | |||
| 30 | committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to | head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] | form the kingdom of serbs , croats | and [[ dalmatia ]] . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with a promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret | ||
| 50 | peace conferences at the end of world war i . during the early period of world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures | , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojadinović ]] and others | from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of | |||
| 154069684 | 0 | ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] , or literary ' ' the land of | [[ | south slavs ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century | ||
| 155254973 | 0 | incompatible . [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia wouldn ' t accept a status of a national minority in a | soverign | sovereign | croatia since serbs considered yugoslavia as a whole as their realm . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from dalmatian coast towards the inland almost | |
| 156990699 | 0 | serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ | albanian | albanians | | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 | |
| 157517485 | 0 | = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ | changes in | yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government = = = on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) | . the [[ chetniks and partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided | |
| 244325833 | 32 | = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 | ]] | , [[ nazi italians ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and [[ hungary | hungarian ]] forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe | ||
| 247526130 | 2 | serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ | albanians | albanian people | | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 87 | |
| 247526296 | 1 | after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of | [[ austria ]] n | austrian | southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts | |
| 259187229 | 0 | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] | = = = the government = = = on 7 april 1963 the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . | = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build | ||
| 259187518 | 0 | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] | = = = the government = = = on 7 april 1963 the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . | = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build | ||
| 268963754 | 0 | concentration were [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between | [[ | orthodox christian [[ serbs ]] , catholic [[ croats ]] , and muslim [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < | ||
| 1 | [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between orthodox christian | ]] | [[ serbs ]] , catholic [[ croats ]] , and muslim [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > | |||
| 4 | ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between orthodox christian [[ serbs ]] , catholic [[ croats ]] , and | [[ | muslim [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / | |||
| 5 | with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between orthodox christian [[ serbs ]] , catholic [[ croats ]] , and muslim | ]] | [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library | |||
| 277736902 | 0 | ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of | tigers | [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th | ||
| 277742904 | 0 | ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of | tigers | [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th | ||
| 283977133 | 0 | ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of | the | [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th | ||
| 284619322 | 0 | nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in | what many consider to have been an | ethnic cleansing of serbs from croatia . ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of | ||
| 284695040 | 26 | , hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] | and | the entire kingdom was to be federalized but the wwi stoped the fulfilment of those plans | [[ jews ]] . one such camp was the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . a large number of men , women and children , jews , serbs , and croat | |
| 293468792 | 0 | croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; | literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of | from | the [[ south slavs ]] " , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ' ' jugoslavia ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on | |
| 293624881 | 0 | croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; | from | literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of | the [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ' ' jug ' ' and ' ' slav ' ' that means " the south slavia " or " the slavs of the | |
| 296544611 | 0 | of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the | [[ | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the | ||
| 296544910 | 0 | of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the | [[ | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and | ||
| 309709714 | 1 | 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of | serbs | fergs | , croats and slovenes . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of | |
| 321373235 | 0 | [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . | = = = torture island goli otok = = = intellectuals advocating democracy and cultural freedom of yugoslavia ' s nations were often arrested and tortured on the island of goli otok english " naked island " . this little prison island was built for 1000 prisoners but at times 15000 people were interred - political prisoners together with murderers . thousands of political prisoners died from torture , diseases , thirst , hunger or were shot directly on the demand of the regime in belgrade . many famous intellectuals were once prisoners on the island - - [[ special : contributions / 155 . 105 . 7 . 43 | 155 . 105 . 7 . 43 ]] ( [[ user talk : 155 . 105 . 7 . 43 | talk ]] ) 13 : 02 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) | = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build | ||
| 321373407 | 0 | [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . | = = = torture island goli otok = = = intellectuals advocating democracy and cultural freedom of yugoslavia ' s nations were often arrested and tortured on the island of goli otok english " naked island " . this little prison island was built for 1000 prisoners but at times 15000 people were interred - political prisoners together with murderers . thousands of political prisoners died from torture , diseases , thirst , hunger or were shot directly on the demand of the regime in belgrade . many famous intellectuals were once prisoners on the island - - [[ special : contributions / 155 . 105 . 7 . 43 | 155 . 105 . 7 . 43 ]] ( [[ user talk : 155 . 105 . 7 . 43 | talk ]] ) 13 : 02 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) | = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build | ||
| 323943126 | 0 | in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the | western part of | [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , | ||
| 332402344 | 1 | , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all | ( go on redtube . com ) ( its a funny website ) [[ media : [[ media : example . ogg ]] [[ media : example . ogg ]] ]] | [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in | ||
| 332402380 | 1 | _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ' sfst ' ' ' yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all | ( go on redtube . com ) ( its a funny website ) [[ media : [[ media : example . ogg ]] [[ media : example . ogg ]] ]] | [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in | ||
| 332523022 | 0 | of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the | ' ' | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the | ||
| 332869188 | 1 | country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide | {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} | against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence | ||
| 336062233 | 2 | of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , | communists | 000 people | , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s | |
| 3 | country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , | 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism , the victims were predominantly | [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation | |||
| 6 | time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] | and | . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center - | [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from | ||
| 337642740 | 10 | of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the | ' ' | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] | ||
| 337768752 | 4 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the | ' ' | kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal | ||
| 337769009 | 11 | of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the | ' ' | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] | ||
| 337769485 | 4 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the | ' ' | kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal | ||
| 337777732 | 11 | of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the | ' ' | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] | ||
| 338545828 | 4 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the | ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] | kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal | ||
| 347164096 | 1 | of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal | support for | desire to uphold | the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian | |
| 3 | milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the | autonomy of | the albanian authorities in | kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on | ||
| 7 | . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered | the | serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended | |||
| 20 | pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia to become part of a [[ greater serbia ]] which he accused the serbian government of sponsoring . | the independence of bosnia | as head of bosnia ' s government , izetbegović would wage war on three fronts : against bosnian serbs , bosnian croats and also against a rebel faction of bosniaks in northern bosnia led by [[ fikret abdić ]] . the bosnian state he initially wished to build | was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia resulted in the bosnian war . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | | ||
| 352546885 | 0 | uphold the unity of serbs , a status threatened by each republic breaking away from the federation , in addition to his opposition to the albanian authorities in kosovo , further | inflamed | enflamed | ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , | |
| 352547076 | 0 | uphold the unity of serbs , a status threatened by each republic breaking away from the federation , in addition to his opposition to the albanian authorities in kosovo , further | enflamed | inflamed | ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , | |
| 353296627 | 0 | well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the | chetnik movement transformed | allies began to trust the chetniks and with the help of them and oss agents they got 500 of our own men out of enemy territory . it is a common lie that they collaborated with the nazis , infact , they were doing delayed sabotage on the germans in order to reduce the number of german reprisals . the partisains attacked the nazis but were dumb enough to forget about reprisals which resulted | into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( | |
| 369520199 | 0 | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic | group | hatred | | ethnic ]] [[ stress ( biological ) | tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of | |
| 400599300 | 1 | ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of | the | [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , | ||
| 65 | from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' | [[ | the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | | |||
| 405575792 | 1 | , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) , coined from | the | slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . in 1929 it was formally renamed to " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = | ||
| 405577552 | 16 | the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian | southern | provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to | ||
| 441313646 | 11 | / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center | - | – | [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav | |
| 100 | [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , [[ catholic | ]] | [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref name = " atheism | |||
| 101 | 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and | [[ | muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref name = " atheism . about . com " / | |||
| 102 | and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim | ]] | [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref name = " atheism . about . com " / > = | |||
| 117 | and trying to secede from the croat republic . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of | [[ | serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was | |||
| 130 | army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic | [[ | serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the police forces of the republic of croatia who | |||
| 468701811 | 42 | concentration were [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between | [[ | orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , catholic [[ croats ]] , and muslim [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . | ||
| 43 | [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox | christian ]] | [[ serbs ]] , catholic [[ croats ]] , and muslim [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref name | |||
| 490102167 | 1 | in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , catholicism , judaism and protestantism as well as various [[ eastern christianity | | eastern | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken | ||
| 499296493 | 7 | was ultimately the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the | 19th century | [[ illyrian movement ]] . coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = | ||
| 537097237 | 3 | province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly | amongst | among | communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeopardizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an | |
| 563179561 | 3 | coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of | the | total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian communist leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia | ||
| 565958816 | 2 | , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in the western part of | the | [[ balkans ]] during most of the 20th century . the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs | ||
| 578690791 | 7 | before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' , was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the | provisional | [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which had annexed the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] on 13 november ) . | ||
| 606952320 | 3 | paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the country was named after | the | [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] as their first union ever , after centuries - long rules of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] | ||
| 608604340 | 2 | pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' {{ note | note1 = | [[ | bosniaks ( muslims ) are not mentioned in state name for anti - muslim policy during that times }} by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats | ||
| 610972401 | 0 | < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional [[ state of | slovenes , croats and | [[ | serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] and [[ kingdom of montenegro | |
| 5 | . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional | [[ | state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia | |||
| 611563753 | 0 | . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional | [[ | state of [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly | ||
| 1 | . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional state of | [[ | slovenes , croats and | serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom | ||
| 614352588 | 1 | [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between orthodox [[ serbs ]] , catholic [[ croats ]] , | and | muslim [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref name = " atheism . about . com " / > | ||
| 616888308 | 5 | now count on four votes at a minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , vojvodina , and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ | albanian people | kosovo albanians | | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized the [[ 1989 kosovo miners ' strike ]] , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - | |
| 11 | these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later | as | united into the | [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . the federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to | ||
| 622094862 | 14 | now count on four votes at a minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , vojvodina , and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ | albanians in | kosovo albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized the [[ 1989 kosovo miners ' strike ]] , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the | ||
| 28 | count on four votes at a minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , vojvodina , and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ kosovo | albanians | | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized the [[ 1989 kosovo miners ' strike ]] , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - | |||
| 623264122 | 2 | | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the western border left a population of half a million | [[ south | slavs < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ http : / / books . google | ||
| 629998315 | 0 | nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag | and / | or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . = = the 1948 yugoslavia - soviet split = = {{ further | | ||
| 700247991 | 0 | sentiment and proceeded to reduce the province ' s autonomy . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning | the | position of serbs as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina | ||
| 702550312 | 7 | location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the original western border left a population of half a million | ' ' ' | [[ south slavs ]] < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ https : / / | ||
| 702550622 | 8 | [[ illyrian movement ]] of the 19th century . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( | [[ | slavs ) . yugoslavia was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the serbian parliament in exile and the serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] | ||
| 702589142 | 7 | with the ' ' ' [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] ' ' ' , the original western border left a population of half a million | ' ' ' | [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ' < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ https | ||
| 76 | of the [[ 19th century ]] . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( [[ south ]] ) and " slaveni " ( | [[ | slavs ]] ) . [[ yugoslavia ]] was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the [[ serbian parliament ]] in exile and the [[ | |||
| 771012619 | 0 | [[ banovina of croatia ]] }} the country was formed in 1918 immediately after world war i as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes by union of the [[ | kingdom of serbia ]] , , which already absorved [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] , and the [[ | state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it was commonly referred to at the time as the " [[ treaty of versailles | ||
| 772701137 | 22 | [[ banovina of croatia ]] }} the country was formed in 1918 immediately after world war i as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes by union of the [[ | kingdom of serbia ]] , , which already absorved [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] , and the [[ | state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . it was commonly referred to at the time as the " [[ treaty of versailles | versailles ]] state " . later | ||
| 817772955 | 0 | yugoslavia | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = east europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1992 | p1 | = kingdom of serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 | = state of slovenes , croats and serbs | flag _ p1 = flag of the state of slovenes , croats and serbs . svg | p2 = kingdom of serbia | ||
| 837897027 | 0 | , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ | austria - hungary | | austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . the serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia | ||
| 846863177 | 2 | p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = state of slovenes , croats and serbs | flag _ p2 = flag of the | kingdom of montenegro . svg | p3 = austro - hungarian rule in bosnia and herzegovina | flag _ p3 = flag of bosnia ( 1908 - 1918 ) . svg | p4 = kingdom of croatia - slavonia | flag _ p4 = flag of croatia - slavonia . svg | p5 = duchy of carniola | flag _ p5 = flag of krain . svg | p6 = kingdom of dalmatia | flag _ p6 = flag of the kingdom of dalmatia . svg | p7 = free | state of slovenes , croats and serbs . svg | s1 = croatia | flag _ s1 = flag of croatia . svg | s2 = slovenia | flag _ s2 |
| left_string | del_string | ins_string | right_string | ||
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| 150932203 | 40 | secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , which had substantial numbers of italians living in the coastal cities surrounded by slavs . [[ | image : landsforserbia | austria - hungary ]] , the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] | . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 ]] although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for |
| 199218345 | 0 | army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia | 2006 | 2008 | . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only |
| 199794926 | 1 | - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( pending full international recognition | is not full recognition | . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and | |
| 221914832 | 1 | most others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia | _ | wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries | |
| 2 | others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime | _ 1 | . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of | ||
| 236538465 | 3 | would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = [[ image : former _ yugoslavia _ wartime | _ | 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | |
| 247935764 | 26 | ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " | perrow = 3 | . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ | |
| 32 | states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | < / center > | . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro | ||
| 55 | also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of | sfr yugoslavia | . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ | ||
| 57 | : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of | croatia | . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro | ||
| 254442728 | 0 | an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of | macedonia | fyrom | . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] |
| 254442844 | 1 | an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of | fyrom | macedonia | . svg | < center > [[ fyrom | fyrom ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / |
| 254443080 | 0 | an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of | macedonia | fyrom | . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] |
| 254443532 | 1 | an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of | fyrom | macedonia | . svg | < center > [[ fyrom | fyrom ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / |
| 255035549 | 0 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of | a country that should not be a country | kosovo . svg | < center > ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < br > ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ | |
| 255048675 | 0 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of | a country that should not be a country | kosovo . svg | < center > ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < br > ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ | |
| 257769716 | 10 | " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of | arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ | of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | | |
| 11 | perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia | ]] | croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia | ||
| 17 | bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia | ]] | of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ | ||
| 23 | < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro | ]] | montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center | ||
| 29 | of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of | arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ | of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / | ||
| 30 | macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia | ]] | serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center | ||
| 36 | center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of | arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ | of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / gallery > < / center > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties | ||
| 37 | > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia | ]] | slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / gallery > < / center > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = | ||
| 262054633 | 0 | small = yes }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ | image | file | : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' |
| 16 | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of | the | sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | | ||
| 30 | unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ | image | file | : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was | |
| 266322892 | 3 | | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms | of the republic of macedonia | . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | |
| 266323076 | 3 | center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms | of the republic of macedonia | . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; | |
| 286369241 | 6 | [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : republic - of - macedonia | - coat - of - arms | . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; | |
| 7 | center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : republic - of - macedonia | - coat - of - arms | . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | ||
| 288717184 | 6 | [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of | _ | kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje | |
| 318046156 | 20 | vojvodina ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . | 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry | serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | |
| 27 | | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr croatia | coa | . png | 40px ]] < center > | - | 3 . [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ||
| 337480691 | 4 | republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr | macedonia | skopje | . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] |
| 6 | of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry | macedonia | skopje | . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | |
| 337480914 | 4 | republic of skopje ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr | skopje | macedonia | . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of skopje . svg | 40px ]] |
| 5 | of the republic of skopje . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry | skopje | macedonia | . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | |
| 341737479 | 3 | > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | the republic of | _ | macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | |
| 342025641 | 3 | : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of | _ | macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | | |
| 343725873 | 3 | bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina | coats of arms modified | . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | |
| 375032646 | 1 | | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | serbia and | montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / | |
| 2 | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | serbia and | montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade | ||
| 383421016 | 4 | | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | serbia and | montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] | |
| 5 | > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | serbia and | montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana | ||
| 385373143 | 1 | ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coa | of sr croatia | . png | 40px ]] < center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] | |
| 436091877 | 8 | the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = socialist yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr | = = | yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and | |
| 9 | actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = socialist yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia | yugoslavia | . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and provinces | ||
| 467907565 | 19 | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia | and | montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] | |
| 20 | > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | serbia and | montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana | ||
| 467914600 | 2 | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | and | montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / | |
| 3 | / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of serbia | serbia and | montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | ||
| 468701811 | 20 | ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | the republic of | macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px | |
| 21 | country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia | 1992 - 1995 | . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] | ||
| 469728921 | 10 | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the republic of macedonia | 1992 - 1995 | . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia 1991 - 2009 . svg | 40px | |
| 11 | | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | serbia and | montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] | ||
| 12 | > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | serbia and | montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana | ||
| 492545273 | 6 | socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the | | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of the | sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia | |
| 493757717 | 2 | sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr serbia | coa | . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px | |
| 495585894 | 17 | that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of | sfr | yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and | |
| 495666744 | 32 | that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of | sfr | yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and | |
| 495668696 | 19 | that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of | sfr | yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and | |
| 496003280 | 1 | november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = [[ file : former yugoslavia | 2008 | , 1992 | . png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] countries that emerged from the former yugoslavia : { |
| 13 | ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of | serbia and | montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms | ||
| 14 | . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | serbia and | montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ kosovo ]] }} ( disputed ) < ref > {{ | ||
| 496174460 | 12 | {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | [[ file : | | image2 = | sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and provinces of yugoslavia ]] on 29 november 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | |
| 499509992 | 6 | > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | serbia and | montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana | |
| 500174054 | 2 | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | serbia and | montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | style = " font - size | |
| 530920330 | 0 | 210 | header = | image1 = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | caption1 = flag of [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | sfr yugoslavia ]] | image2 = | sfryugoslavianumbered | yugoslavia | . png | caption2 = republics and autonomous provinces of sfr yugoslavia }} on 29 november 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ |
| 542254308 | 3 | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | serbia and | montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] | |
| 4 | > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | serbia and | montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana | ||
| 547327217 | 12 | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of macedonia . svg | 40px | background | . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px | |
| 43 | . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | macedonia | . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px | ||
| 569691392 | 2 | center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms | _ | of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; | |
| 3 | > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | _ | macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ||
| 4 | [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of macedonia | _ 1946 - 2009 | . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | ||
| 583579699 | 2 | | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia | coa | . png | 40px ]] < / center > | } in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the | |
| 583581227 | 2 | | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro | coa | . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : | |
| 602484910 | 1 | }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia | location map | ( tall ) | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the western |
| 602537617 | 0 | use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia | ( tall ) | location map | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the western |
| 602538305 | 1 | }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia | location map | ( tall ) | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the western |
| 602539100 | 1 | use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia | ( tall ) | location map | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the western |
| 606080168 | 1 | }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia | location map | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the western | |
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| 623264992 | 2 | }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia | location map | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the | |
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| 665159797 | 1 | }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia | location map | ( tall ) | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the |
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| 685103535 | 1 | }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia | location map | ( tall ) | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the |
| 685168696 | 0 | use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia | ( tall ) | location map | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the |
| 685189142 | 1 | }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia | location map | ( tall ) | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the |
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| 685200317 | 1 | }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia | location map | ( tall ) | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the |
| 685264223 | 0 | use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia | ( tall ) | location map | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the |
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| 685369118 | 1 | use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia | ( tall ) | location map | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the |
| 685373368 | 1 | }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia | location map | ( tall ) | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the |
| 685440379 | 1 | use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia | ( tall ) | location map | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the |
| 771441169 | 1 | grb jugoslavije . svg | symbol = emblem of yugoslavia | symbol _ type = emblem {{ small | ( 1963 - 1992 ) }} | image _ map = yugoslavia | location map | . svg | image _ map _ caption = general location of yugoslavia over the years . | | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | national _ motto = ' ' | |
| 772700542 | 0 | . svg | symbol = emblem of yugoslavia | symbol _ type = emblem {{ small | ( 1963 - 1992 ) }} | image _ map = history of yugoslavia | location map | . svg | image _ map _ caption = general location of yugoslavia over the years . | | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | national _ motto = ' ' | |
| 772711783 | 1 | }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia | location map | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија | |
| 772785166 | 0 | pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia | location map | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија | |
| 773762460 | 0 | ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] , now [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | sr | the socialist republic of | montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of montenegro . svg | |
| 800786935 | 1 | }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia | location map | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija / }} југославија | |
| 805871944 | 0 | semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : history _ of _ yugoslavia | location map | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija / }} југославија | |
| 806401115 | 1 | }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia | location map | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija / }} југославија | |
| 806485974 | 0 | semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : history _ of _ yugoslavia | location map | . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija / }} југославија | |
| 818932945 | 1 | image _ flag = [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 120px ]] < br > < br > [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia | . svg | 120px ]] < br > < br > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro | . svg | 120px ]] | flag _ type = flag | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of | |
| 4 | of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : grb jugoslavije . svg | 70px ]] | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia | location | . svg | image _ | map . svg | image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e | | |
| 819799425 | 5 | image _ flag = [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 120px ]] < br > < br > [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia | . svg | 120px ]] < br > < br > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro | . svg | 120px ]] | flag _ type = flag | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of | |
| 819802470 | 5 | title = member states | publisher = united nations }} < / ref > | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | [[ file : flag of serbia | and montenegro | . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 5 june 2006 }} < ref | |
| 6 | | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia | and montenegro | . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 5 june 2006 }} < ref name = " jurist " > {{ cite web | url = http : / / | ||
| 819803699 | 0 | ]] | [[ skopje ]] | [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia | ( 1946 - 2009 ) | . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 8 september 1991 }} | {{ dts | 08 04 1993 }} | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[ | |
| 1 | of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of | the republic of | macedonia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 8 september 1991 }} | {{ dts | 08 04 1993 }} | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | | ||
| 846863177 | 3 | state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = state of slovenes , croats and serbs | flag _ p2 = flag of the state of | slovenes , croats and serbs | fiume | flag _ p7 = flag of the free state of fiume | . svg | s1 = croatia | flag _ s1 = flag of croatia . svg | s2 = slovenia | flag _ s2 = flag of slovenia . svg | |
| 858648603 | 0 | republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia | ( 1945 - 1991 ) | . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of slovenia . svg | 40px | |
| 1 | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | sr | slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of slovenia . svg | |
| left_string | del_string | ins_string | right_string | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13049340 | 1 | herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] | . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to | |
| 17893899 | 0 | herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] | ( republics ) ; | * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) | |
| 25682758 | 17 | herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] | ( republics ) ; | * [[ vojvodina ]] and * [[ kosovo ]] ( autonomous provinces ) . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] are part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . | |
| 56917178 | 0 | : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 700px | thumb | center | countries of former yugoslavia ]] | the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 | |
| 63331191 | 14 | : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * | , with capital in | [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater |
| 92887025 | 0 | yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | [[ kosovo ]] ( in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ; [[ kosova ]] in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ un ]] from [[ 1999 ]] . | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 94995394 | 9 | legend | # fe0000 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , federal republic of yugoslavia , serbia and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # ffff00 | [[ slovenia ]] | . | }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | [[ croatia ]] }} {{ legend | # 800080 | [[ republic of macedonia ]] }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia | |
| 144217346 | 0 | yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | [[ kosovo ]] ( ' ' kosovo ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ; ' ' kosova ' ' in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ united nations | un ]] since [[ 1999 ]] . | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 192042353 | 0 | yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | as of 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] was expected to declare its independence from serbia . | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 192070886 | 0 | yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | as of | on | 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] was expected to declare its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , |
| 192075557 | 16 | yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | on | as of | 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] was expected to declare its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , |
| 192077060 | 0 | yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | as of 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] was expected to declare its independence from serbia . | * [[ kosovo ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in |
| 192077462 | 2 | yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | on 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared its independence from serbia . | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in |
| 192083265 | 1 | yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | in addition , on 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared its independence from serbia . | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 192196385 | 0 | yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | in addition , on 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia | |
| 192455066 | 1 | yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | in addition , on 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia | |
| 192911741 | 1 | yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | in addition , on [[ 17 february ]] [[ 2008 ]] , [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared its independence from serbia . | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 195089858 | 0 | yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 195135413 | 0 | yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 196146537 | 0 | yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 198660395 | 0 | yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 199683714 | 0 | [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( pending full international recognition ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 199698922 | 0 | [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( pending full international recognition ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 209720734 | 0 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | as well as the partially reconised state | [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in | |
| 210295199 | 1 | : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ vojvodina ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 6 | : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | as well as the partially reconised state | [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied | ||
| 210316137 | 0 | and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | as well as the partially reconised state | [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav | |
| 4 | and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ vojvodina ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | ||
| 210766272 | 2 | yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ vojvodina ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 6 | yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | as well as the partially reconised state | [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied | ||
| 210766951 | 1 | kosovo | kosovo ( republic of kosovo ) ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ | vojvodina | asutonomous province of | vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for | |
| 210773864 | 0 | [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo | republic of kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | as well as the partially reconised state | [[ kosovo | republic of kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina | | |
| 7 | [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo | republic of kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ vojvodina | autonomous province of vojvodina ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | ||
| 220402390 | 0 | : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | as well as the partially recognised state [[ kosovo ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 220845826 | 0 | : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 221230382 | 0 | : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 221231653 | 1 | : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 221674887 | 0 | : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 221776536 | 0 | : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 227378427 | 0 | : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 227378565 | 0 | : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 231799393 | 0 | : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 231801557 | 0 | : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 238599733 | 0 | flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ slovenia ]] | image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | |
| 238651539 | 1 | flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ slovenia ]] | image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | |
| 243843229 | 0 | flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ slovenia ]] | image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | |
| 244910779 | 0 | flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ slovenia ]] | image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | |
| 244912095 | 0 | flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ slovenia ]] | image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] | < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties | |
| 295388268 | 24 | < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border | |
| 25 | . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | | | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | ||
| 295402396 | 26 | arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > - [[ slovenia ]] style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | | | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia | |
| 467907565 | 17 | center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | | |
| 492545273 | 11 | < / center > | - | 6 | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 6 | |
| 12 | / center > | - | 6 | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | | | style = " width : 6em ; " | | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | | ||
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| 496003280 | 30 | < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | | style = " width : 6em ; " | | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < | |
| 542264962 | 7 | / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | | may 22 , 2006 | june 5 , 2006 | february 15 | | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | |
| 20 | / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file | ||
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| 656901506 | 62 | = august 2014 }} | 5 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 15 february | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | | < center > | [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg |
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| 88344569 | 1 | croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a | party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory for the two main serbian parties . [[ communism | communists ]] came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant party prepared a draft constitution for a neutral peasant republic of croatia . the constitution was passed by vote on [[ june 28th ]] [[ 1921 ]] with the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old [[ peter i of yugoslavia | king peter i ]] died . he was succeeded by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | prince aleksandar i karađorđević ]] . the yugoslav [[ slovenes ]] benefited from the new state receiving all they had previously lacked , in addition to access to high schools and universities . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to [[ belgrade ]] . during the 1920s , the tensions between the croats , who harboured grievances against the serbs , and serbs started increasing and culminated on [[ june 20th ]] [[ 1928 ]] , after months of rows and even fist - fights in parliament , [[ puniša račić ]] , a [[ montenegrins | montenegrin ]] serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , including [[ stjepan radić ]] ( founder of the croatian peasant party ) , who eventually died . račić gave himself up and was convicted for the crime . | big fat dick mother fuckin bitch | = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king aleksandar i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , |
| 88361853 | 0 | }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] | suck a big fat dick mother fuckin bitch | = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king aleksandar i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , | |
| 184269716 | 0 | part , and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} | = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] {{ section - stub }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] | = = = king alexander ' s conquest = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | |
| 184269872 | 0 | part , and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} | = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] {{ section - stub }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] | = = = king alexander ' s conquest = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | |
| 188801104 | 0 | . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s | conquest | dictatorship | = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped |
| 193023632 | 2 | . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s | dictatorship | period | = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped |
| 203522043 | 0 | stub }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] | [[ image : yugoslavia1936physical . jpg | 300px | right | thumb | yugoslavia 1936 , physical ]] | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | |
| 204739310 | 0 | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] [[ image : yugoslavia1936physical . jpg | 300px | right | thumb | yugoslavia 1936 , physical ]] | yougoslavia is the shit | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | |
| 204810735 | 0 | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] [[ image : yugoslavia1936physical . jpg | 300px | right | thumb | yugoslavia 1936 , physical ]] | yougoslavia is the shit | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | |
| 231808215 | 0 | 2008 }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 280px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] | [[ image : yugoslavia1936physical . jpg | 300px | right | thumb | yugoslavia 1936 , physical ]] | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | |
| 266845344 | 0 | | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} | = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | |
| 266845793 | 0 | | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} | = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | |
| 279272883 | 1 | even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . | = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | |
| 279273471 | 1 | even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . | = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' | |
| 295550450 | 0 | and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = | * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | hijos de puta | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power |
| 295669131 | 0 | and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = | hijos de puta | yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war one ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power |
| 318705378 | 0 | [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] congress . ]] {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} on november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ | king of yugoslavia | | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on january | |
| 326618945 | 0 | of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after | [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . | blah blah blah | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power |
| 326618999 | 0 | of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after | blah blah blah | [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power |
| 329283528 | 0 | 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . | their national bird was the declared the ostritch and the time around american thanksgiving called " ostritch - grandfathercarry - head day " | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | |
| 329283670 | 14 | 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . | their national bird was the declared the ostritch and the time around american thanksgiving called " ostritch - grandfathercarry - head day " | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | |
| 329284000 | 0 | 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . | their national bird was the declared the ostritch and the time around american thanksgiving called " ostritch - grandfathercarry - head day " | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | |
| 329284590 | 14 | 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . | their national bird was the declared the ostritch and the time around american thanksgiving called " ostritch - grandfathercarry - head day " | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | |
| 329284604 | 0 | formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period | , heh heh ' his period ' | = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped | |
| 329284761 | 0 | formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period | , heh heh ' his period ' | = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped | |
| 400599300 | 34 | after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ treaty of versailles | versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander | ' s period | = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped | |
| 436091877 | 5 | = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ treaty of versailles | versailles ]] state " . | renamed to and first official use of ' ' | = = = king alexander = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the |
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| 186529 | 0 | monarchy ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( petar ii [[ karadjordjevic ]] was the last king ) under | dictator | [[ president ]] | [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent of the [[ soviet union ]] , and was not a |
| 823595 | 5 | croats and slovenes ]] and renamed kingdom of yugoslavia in [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( | [[ | petar ii [[ karadjordjevic ]] was the last king ) under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries , chose | |
| 6239396 | 0 | named after first yugoslavia . [[ category : former countries ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] | [[ he : & # 1497 ; & # 1493 ; & # 1490 ; & # 1493 ; & # 1505 ; & # 1500 ; & # 1489 ; & # 1497 ; & # 1492 ; ]] | [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : & # 12518 ; & # 12540 ; & # 12468 ; & | |
| 8778698 | 3 | # 273 ; man ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected unionists . in march [[ 1990 ]] , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( | jugoslavenska | jugoslovenska | narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to |
| 9383013 | 22 | by two out of its three constitutive peoples , [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslims ]] and croats . secession of the new - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody | and gruesome | [[ yugoslav wars ]] . it started with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] and in bosnia in [[ 1992 ]] | |
| 12142316 | 0 | nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radic | stjepan radi & # 263 ; ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander | i | of yugoslavia | aleksandar ]] used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] he suspended the constitution , dissolved | |
| 12142335 | 1 | inconclusive war with [[ history of greece | greece ]] , and before germany committed its forces to the greek campaign , it wanted to secure yugoslavia ' s support . | peter ii of yugoslavia | [[ pavle karadjordjevic | royal regent paul ]] submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ | |
| 13337536 | 0 | highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by | yje ethnic [[ bulgarian ]] vlado chernozemski acting on behalf of | [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the | |
| 13337668 | 0 | highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by | the ethnic [[ bulgarian ]] vlado chernozemski acting on behalf of | [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the | |
| 22785116 | 24 | of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . this caused the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan | ku & # 269 ; an | kučan | ]] and [[ ivica ra & # 269 ; an ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave |
| 26 | each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan | ku & # 269 ; an | kučan | ]] and [[ franjo tu & # 273 ; man ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march [[ 1990 ]] | |
| 23005046 | 0 | the three nations , the referendum was declared valid , the opinion of the serbs was ignored , and the republic ' s government declared its independence . the serbs immediately | formed | declared the independence of | [[ republika srpska ]] , and the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 |
| 27670102 | 2 | the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanian majority and the serbian minority in the province . | by this time , the albanians had become the largest ethnic group with over 50 % of the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing | serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all | |
| 27918903 | 0 | the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . | lol | serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all | |
| 27918948 | 0 | the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . | lol | porque son unos hijos de puta maricones . | serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all |
| 27918981 | 0 | the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . | porque son unos hijos de puta maricones . | serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all | |
| 32871630 | 2 | . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krčun served under tito and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was | found dead under unknown circumstances | victim of a dubious traffic incidnt | . aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , |
| 33738425 | 22 | decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia | - hercegovina | ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , | |
| 29 | on the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody | war broke out in the autumn of | [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in 1991 . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia | ||
| 33836329 | 1 | held a referendum on independence in early 1992 , which was illegal under bosnian constitution . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of newly created | serb entity | [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence | |
| 36660567 | 2 | under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was victim of a dubious traffic incident . | minister of the interior | aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such | |
| 39341750 | 0 | franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march 1990 , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( | jugoslovenska | jugoslavenska | narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to |
| 39480979 | 0 | the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade , causing dissatisfaction among the more federally minded croat and slovene politicians . in 1928 , | [[ | [ | puniša račić ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radić ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander |
| 41408709 | 0 | council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | | [[ slobodan | milošević ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kucan ]] had since 1986 been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it | |
| 43578475 | 0 | the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade , causing dissatisfaction among the more federally minded croat and slovene politicians . in 1928 , | [ | [[ | puniša račić ] an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radić ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander i |
| 43578520 | 0 | the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade , causing dissatisfaction among the more federally minded croat and slovene politicians . in 1928 , | [[ | [[ | puniša račić ]] an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radić ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander i |
| 44361382 | 10 | . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people | whom he did not favor varied greatly | suffered from his disfavor | . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was victim of |
| 20 | ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as | in the case of | [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when | ||
| 50649733 | 5 | conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( | jugoslavenska | jugoslovenska | narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to |
| 51123816 | 4 | yugoslav shaize ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the forming of the group of advocates of a joint country of south slavs , | by politicians from [[ croatia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , which were then both in the [[ austria - hungary | austro - hungarian empire ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , | a number of prominent political figures ( | [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ hinko hinković ]] and [[ franko potočnjak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanović ]] |
| 5 | ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ hinko hinković ]] | and | , | [[ franko potočnjak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanović ]] and [[ dušan vasiljević ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popović ]] , a representative of | |
| 6 | 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ hinko hinković ]] and [[ franko potočnjak ]] | from croatia and | , | [[ nikola stojanović ]] and [[ dušan vasiljević ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popović ]] , a representative of [[ nikola pašić ]] ' s [[ | |
| 53085765 | 7 | . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro - hungarian empire had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to belgrade . during | the | 1920s serbo - croat wrangle continued and on 20 june 1928 , after months of rowing and even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić , a montenegrin serb , | |
| 55508263 | 2 | of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan | kučan | kucan | ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state |
| 4 | yugoslav conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] | [ | ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an | ||
| 55551088 | 3 | of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan | kucan | kučan | ]] and [[ franjo tudman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state |
| 7 | yugoslav conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] | [ | ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) jugoslovanska narodna armada , jna ] met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and | ||
| 63327901 | 31 | june 1921 with the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by | [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | | prince aleksandar ii karađorđević . croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able | |
| 45 | loss to belgrade . during the 1920s , serbo - croat wrangle continued and on 20 june 1928 , after months of rows and even fist - fights in parliament , | [[ | puniša račić , a montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , including stjepan radić , who eventually died . following this | ||
| 49 | rows and even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić , a montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , including | [[ | stjepan radić , who eventually died . following this , king aleksandar i banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped | ||
| 63517403 | 16 | krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . minister | of the interior | [[ | aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or |
| 63521475 | 109 | conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( | ' ' | jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt | |
| 63521843 | 0 | serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . | [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | slobodan milošević ]] | serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian | |
| 63522056 | 0 | possible for others to exert pressure on 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | | [[ | slobodan milošević ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival | |
| 76992605 | 0 | to further alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] by | a [[ imro ]] | an experienced | [[ vlado chernozemski | assassin ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization that pursued [[ nazi ]] policies . alexander was succeeded by his |
| 79101606 | 0 | : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ( desambiguación ) ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] | [[ hsb : južnosłowjanska ]] | [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ | |
| 80313028 | 7 | also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . | however , in line with the vision of the government , the party was renamed into alliance , and was meant to slowly integrate back into society and disappear , being a political party . in democratic socialism there are no parties . so the communist party was to dissapear once the transition into truly democratic society , free from religion and party controlled political processes is completed , and the government is governed by people for people , not by political parties in the name of people . | josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people | |
| 80313856 | 19 | , important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . | however , in line with the vision of the government , the party was renamed into alliance , and was meant to slowly integrate back into society and disappear , being a political party . in democratic socialism there are no parties . so the communist party was to dissapear once the transition into truly democratic society , free from religion and party controlled political processes is completed , and the government is governed by people for people , not by political parties in the name of people . | josip broz tito was the most respected person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people | |
| 80543661 | 5 | . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party | . | josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people | |
| 80546909 | 23 | development , important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party | . | . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . sometimes ministers in government | |
| 24 | of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . | a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics | josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . sometimes ministers in government , | ||
| 82175534 | 0 | the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the [[ nazis ]] made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use [[ | croatia | | croatian ]] [[ fascism ]] for barbarous acts against the serbs and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some | |
| 83629642 | 3 | supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] ( ' ' četnici ' ' ) , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla army led by colonel | convicted war criminal | [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' | |
| 83667331 | 9 | known for their war crimes and atrocities against non - orthodox population , croatians , muslims etc . ) , a serb - composed nationalistic fasicst royalist guerilla army led by | convicted war criminal | [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . but very shortly after the begining of war chetniks started to collaborate with nazis . those inclined towards supporting the | |
| 86533484 | 0 | the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , | reformed [[ nationalist ]] | [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] , [[ 2000 ]] . [[ image : banknoteyug . jpg | 300px | left | thumb | |
| 87450897 | 8 | fights in parliament , [[ puniša račić ]] , a [[ montenegrins | montenegrin ]] serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , | including the tomatos and celery . | including [[ stjepan radić ]] ( founder of the croatian peasant party ) , who eventually died . račić gave himself up and was convicted for the crime . = = | |
| 87452403 | 28 | montenegrins | montenegrin ]] serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croutons and wounded three others in this famous salad battle of 1987 . many people died , | including the tomatos and celery . | including [[ stjepan radić ]] ( founder of the croatian peasant party ) , who eventually died . račić gave himself up and was convicted for the crime . = = | |
| 92027256 | 11 | the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ | south slavic languages ]] , | slovenian , croatian , bosnian , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " | |
| 93924283 | 1 | yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ | bs | id | : jugoslavija ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : |
| 99559260 | 0 | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] | ( ' ' | narodno oslobodilacka vojska ( nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration | |
| 107220473 | 31 | of the country . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while | all other republics , | croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( | |
| 112810125 | 1 | organization of the state should be left to the future constituent assembly . the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party | ]] | ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , | |
| 131370969 | 1 | the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir | žerjavić | zerjavic | ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by the [[ united nations ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very |
| 150932203 | 22 | under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and | they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the | [[ slovenes ]] who identified themselves with the movement toward a single | yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in |
| 158681853 | 1 | not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics | in the autumn of 1990 , | . by this proposal republics would have right to self - determination . | however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have |
| 159581347 | 0 | 1995 ]] , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ 1996 ]] - [[ 1999 ]] clashes between yugoslav army and [[ | kosovo liberation army | | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * [[ june ]] , [[ 1999 ]] un and | |
| 171318543 | 0 | marked in brezovica forest near croatian town of [[ sisak ]] ( 60 kilometres south of zagreb ) where , at [[ june 22 ]] [[ 1941 ]] . , local | antifascist | anti - fascist | formed [[ prvi sisački partizanski odred ]] ( ' ' first sisak partisan squad ' ' ) . the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was |
| 203556024 | 5 | status of a socialist [[ autonomous province ]] within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] . the first country was called " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " ( | [[ serbo - croatian ]] : | država slovenaca , hrvata i srba ; serbian : држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ) . the country was established on 29 october 1918 . it lasted only for a | |
| 11 | srbov , hrvatov in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbian : | kraljevina jugoslavija / | краљевина југославија ; croatian , slovene : kraljevina jugoslavija ) . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army | ||
| 18 | status of a socialist [[ autonomous province ]] within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] . the first country was called " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " ( | slovene : država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov ; | croatian : država slovenaca , hrvata i srba ; serbian : држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ) . the country was established on 29 october 1918 . it lasted only | ||
| 206751541 | 1 | socialist [[ autonomous province ]] within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] . the first country was called " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " ( [[ serbo - | croatian ]] : | sh | ' ' | država slovenaca , hrvata i srba / држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на србите |
| 12 | ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] : kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov | [[ | }} ; | macedonian ]] : кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of | |
| 23 | december 1918 it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia " ( kraljevina srbija / краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( | [[ | serbo - croatian ]] : kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian | ||
| 206802676 | 8 | autonomous province ]] within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] . the first country was called " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " ( {{ lang - sh | | ' ' | država slovenaca , hrvata i srba ' ' / држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ; {{ lang - sl | ' ' država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov ' ' | |
| 10 | serbs " ( {{ lang - sh | ' ' država slovenaca , hrvata i srba ' ' / држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ; {{ lang - sl | | ' ' | država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov ' ' ; {{ lang - mk | кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците }} ) . the country was established on [[ 29 | ||
| 214793779 | 1 | ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] the first serbian | [[ communist ]] | leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian | |
| 231803887 | 24 | | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | " jugoslavija " in | [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " | |
| 231807278 | 6 | ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , | serb royalist guerrilla army led | after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were lead | by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija |
| 231807528 | 1 | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . | = = = liberation of yugoslavia = = = | the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance | |
| 244325833 | 127 | & nbsp ; [[ 1000000000 ( number ) | billion ]] [[ yugoslav dinar | dinars ]] ( 1993 ) . ]] --> on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , | [[ | 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . | |
| 246067912 | 2 | . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ image : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | | 250px | 200px | | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović | stjepan " stevo " filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( |
| 248465655 | 0 | jordan , and quatar . the the hungarians were eliminated completely , and the italians surrendered . the germans fled , and reterned few living p . o . ws . | the germans were pushed out of yugoslavia . the germans were planning to invade again , but yugoslavia was too well prepared . | = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav | |
| 253174876 | 0 | یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ga : an iúgslaiv ]] [[ gl : iugoslavia - југославија ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : juhosłowjanska ]] [[ | hr | gv | : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ jv : |
| 256388014 | 1 | yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px | right | | thumb | | serbian president | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg |
| 4 | image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | 200px | right | | thumb | | croatian president | [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia | |
| 7 | ]] [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right | | thumb | | bosnian president | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ stress | |
| 257953451 | 0 | of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . | a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . | slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics | |
| 257954465 | 0 | serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian | [[ communist ]] | leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian | |
| 257962779 | 0 | of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . | a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . | slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics | |
| 2 | serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian | [[ communist ]] | leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian | ||
| 259631121 | 1 | s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general | [[ | dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter | |
| 262054633 | 4 | holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ | image | file | : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović | stjepan " stevo " filipović ]] shouting " |
| 267655179 | 0 | s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general | [[ | dušan simović seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] | |
| 288705890 | 1 | of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . | people were then eaten alive by snakes . | = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted | |
| 288707824 | 1 | of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . | people were then eaten alive by snakes . | = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted | |
| 288717184 | 2 | = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ | stjepan filipović | | stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death . ]] = = = invasion of | |
| 309302913 | 0 | former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were | lead | led | by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla |
| 315220112 | 0 | | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ | serbo - croatian | | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian | |
| 318046156 | 18 | serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] | style = " font - size : | 90 % ; " | | [[ priština ]] : | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ |
| 318052936 | 0 | accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . | josh owns this ! | = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces | |
| 318053061 | 0 | accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . | josh owns this ! | = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces | |
| 319569174 | 0 | faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended when the | multiethnic | multi - ethnic | [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s |
| 319589909 | 2 | faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended when the | multi - ethnic | multiethnic | [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s |
| 319701637 | 0 | faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended when the | multiethnic | multi - ethnic | [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s |
| 319852932 | 2 | faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended when the | multi - ethnic | multiethnic | [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s |
| 321366997 | 0 | [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . | supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , | croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia ]] ( autonomous region with significant internal self - government ) in 1939 | |
| 321367521 | 0 | camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . | = = = serbian pro - nazi government = = = in serbia , a new pro - nazi government was first established under the leadership of milan asimovic and later under former minister of war general milan nedic which governed until 1945 . nedic supported hitler and met with him in 1943 . this new government established even harsher racial laws than prince paul had enacted and immediately established three concentration camps for jews , gypsies and others . nedic formed his own paramilitary storm troops known as the state guard . the guard was comprised of former members of the cetniks which had existed as an all - serbian para - military police force under alexander and paul to enforce loyally from non - serbian members of the armed forces . when yugoslavia disintegrated , one faction of cetniks swore allegiance to the new serbian nazi government . another group remained under the pre - war leader kosta pecanac who openly collaborated with the germans . a third cetnik faction followed the serbian fascist dimitrije ljotic . ljotic ' s units were primarily responsible for tracking down jews , gypsies and partisans for execution or deportation to concentration camps . by august 1942 the serbian government would proudly announce that belgrade was the first city in the new order to be judenfrei or " free of jews . " only 1 , 115 of belgrade ' s twelve thousand jews would survive . ninty - five per cent of the jewish population of serbia was exterminated . | = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces | |
| 321367590 | 0 | jews . " only 1 , 115 of belgrade ' s twelve thousand jews would survive . ninty - five per cent of the jewish population of serbia was exterminated . | [ 2 ] | = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces | |
| 321368159 | 3 | [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . | supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , | croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia ]] ( autonomous region with significant internal self - government ) in 1939 | |
| 4 | camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . | = = = serbian pro - nazi government = = = in serbia , a new pro - nazi government was first established under the leadership of milan asimovic and later under former minister of war general milan nedic which governed until 1945 . nedic supported hitler and met with him in 1943 . this new government established even harsher racial laws than prince paul had enacted and immediately established three concentration camps for jews , gypsies and others . nedic formed his own paramilitary storm troops known as the state guard . the guard was comprised of former members of the cetniks which had existed as an all - serbian para - military police force under alexander and paul to enforce loyally from non - serbian members of the armed forces . when yugoslavia disintegrated , one faction of cetniks swore allegiance to the new serbian nazi government . another group remained under the pre - war leader kosta pecanac who openly collaborated with the germans . a third cetnik faction followed the serbian fascist dimitrije ljotic . ljotic ' s units were primarily responsible for tracking down jews , gypsies and partisans for execution or deportation to concentration camps . by august 1942 the serbian government would proudly announce that belgrade was the first city in the new order to be judenfrei or " free of jews . " only 1 , 115 of belgrade ' s twelve thousand jews would survive . ninty - five per cent of the jewish population of serbia was exterminated . [ 2 ] | = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces | ||
| 321368771 | 0 | camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . | = = serbian pro - nazi government = = in serbia , a new pro - nazi government was first established under the leadership of milan asimovic and later under former minister of war general milan nedic which governed until 1945 . nedic supported hitler and met with him in 1943 . this new government established even harsher racial laws than prince paul had enacted and immediately established three concentration camps for jews , gypsies and others . nedic formed his own paramilitary storm troops known as the state guard . the guard was comprised of former members of the cetniks which had existed as an all - serbian para - military police force under alexander and paul to enforce loyally from non - serbian members of the armed forces . when yugoslavia disintegrated , one faction of cetniks swore allegiance to the new serbian nazi government . another group remained under the pre - war leader kosta pecanac who openly collaborated with the germans . a third cetnik faction followed the serbian fascist dimitrije ljotic . ljotic ' s units were primarily responsible for tracking down jews , gypsies and partisans for execution or deportation to concentration camps . by august 1942 the serbian government would proudly announce that belgrade was the first city in the new order to be judenfrei or " free of jews . " only 1 , 115 of belgrade ' s twelve thousand jews would survive . ninty - five per cent of the jewish population of serbia was exterminated . [ 2 | = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces | |
| 321372404 | 1 | camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . | = = serbian pro - nazi government = = in serbia , a new pro - nazi government was first established under the leadership of milan asimovic and later under former minister of war general milan nedic which governed until 1945 . nedic supported hitler and met with him in 1943 . this new government established even harsher racial laws than prince paul had enacted and immediately established three concentration camps for jews , gypsies and others . nedic formed his own paramilitary storm troops known as the state guard . the guard was comprised of former members of the cetniks which had existed as an all - serbian para - military police force under alexander and paul to enforce loyally from non - serbian members of the armed forces . when yugoslavia disintegrated , one faction of cetniks swore allegiance to the new serbian nazi government . another group remained under the pre - war leader kosta pecanac who openly collaborated with the germans . a third cetnik faction followed the serbian fascist dimitrije ljotic . ljotic ' s units were primarily responsible for tracking down jews , gypsies and partisans for execution or deportation to concentration camps . by august 1942 the serbian government would proudly announce that belgrade was the first city in the new order to be judenfrei or " free of jews . " only 1 , 115 of belgrade ' s twelve thousand jews would survive . ninty - five per cent of the jewish population of serbia was exterminated . [ 2 | = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces | |
| 321386315 | 0 | ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] | = | = = serbian pro german sentiments = = pro - axis support of the serbian controlled yugoslav government moved prince paul of yugoslavia gradually away from france and toward germany . | |
| 324172760 | 0 | of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . | a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . | slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics | |
| 336062233 | 8 | of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] | opposing its ideas . | | language = english | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > | = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces |
| 400599300 | 9 | _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | | 200px | 150px | | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before |
| 10 | ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] | fighter | , | [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] = = | |
| 64 | discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ danube commission ]] * [[ history of the balkans ]] | * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] | * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = notes and references = = ' ' ' notes : ' ' ' { | class = " references - small " style = | ||
| 405577552 | 11 | government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however | , | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] | |
| 408004710 | 0 | of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigrés loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 ; however , marshal | [[ | josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting | |
| 408005064 | 0 | government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigrés loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 ; however , | [[ | marshal josip broz tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting | |
| 1 | of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigrés loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 ; however , marshal | of yugoslavia | marshal ]] | josip broz tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as | ||
| 441313646 | 120 | s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist | ]] | leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian | |
| 468741070 | 6 | , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ | sap | socialist autonomous province of | vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo | kosovo ]] which after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation < ref > {{ cite book | |
| 482752219 | 1 | < / ref > = = world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 150px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] | , | [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " shortly before his execution ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ | |
| 542264962 | 14 | ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - | size : 90 % ; " | | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < | |
| 553244049 | 0 | , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html | * | djilas , milovan : ' ' land without justice ' ' , [ with ] introd . and notes by william jovanovich . new york : harcourt , brace and co | |
| 588344999 | 13 | history , bloody history | publisher = bbc news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > starting in 1991 , yugoslavia | disintegrated in the | | broke up ]] along republic borders , at first into five countries . | [[ yugoslav wars ]] . one of the successor states was also known as the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) until 2003 . the fry aspired to |
| 590769471 | 0 | march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * | [[ milovaj djilas | | djilas , milovan : ' ' land without justice ' ' , [ with ] introd . and notes by william jovanovich . new york : harcourt , brace and co | |
| 597852768 | 0 | after an economical and political crisis in 1980s and rise of nationalism , yugoslavia [[ breakup of yugoslavia | broke up ]] along republic borders , at first into five countries | . | , leading to the | [[ yugoslav wars ]] ensued . after the breakup , republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] formed a reduced federation , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( |
| 605733772 | 4 | " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was result of [[ corfu declaration ]] , as project of serbian parliament in exile and | the | serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} {{ multiple image | | |
| 605734785 | 2 | shot at five members of the opposition croatian peasant party in the [[ parliament of yugoslavia | national assembly ]] resulting in the death of two deputies on the spot and | in | that of | leader [[ stjepan radić ]] a few weeks later . {{ sfn | ramet | 2006 | p = 73 }} on 6 january 1929 [[ king of yugoslavia | king |
| 607380427 | 2 | december 2009 }} against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . | the ethnic violence was only ended {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} when the multiethnic | [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s | |
| 611563753 | 5 | itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] and [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] . the | [[ serbs | | serbian ]] [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris . < | |
| 616890253 | 8 | 150px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] ]] on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and | [[ | josip broz tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president | |
| 10 | , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior | minister | [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj | ||
| 622094154 | 33 | [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 17 | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | | macedonia | ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ | |
| 648135254 | 2 | in 1946 , when a communist government was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy . leader | of the partisans | [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as the president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic | |
| 679119895 | 1 | much larger scale 1950 - 53 . the american aid was not part of the marshall plan . < ref > {{ cite book | author = john r . lampe | et al . | | title = yugoslav - american economic relations since world war ii | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = epmof1l0ibac & | |
| 702550312 | 44 | yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy . | [[ | partisan leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again as the [[ socialist federal | |
| 45 | in 1946 , when a communist government was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy . partisan | ]] | leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again as the [[ socialist federal republic | ||
| 702550753 | 0 | [[ slavs ]] ) . [[ yugoslavia ]] was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the [[ serbian parliament ]] in exile and the | [[ | serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the [[ yugoslav ]] royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} {{ | |
| 702589142 | 45 | [[ communist government ]] was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from [[ italy ]] . [[ partisan | ]] | leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in [[ 1980 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] , the country was renamed again as the | |
| 82 | [[ slavs ]] ) . [[ yugoslavia ]] was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the [[ serbian parliament ]] in exile and the | [[ | serbian ]] royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the [[ yugoslav ]] royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} | ||
| 792851831 | 1 | w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) | ] | * [[ milovan djilas | djilas , milovan ]] : ' ' land without justice ' ' , [ with ] introd . and notes by [[ william jovanovich ]] . | |
| 794643300 | 1 | the army to take control of the " internationally recognised borders " , leading to the [[ ten - day war ]] . as slovenia and croatia fights towards independence , | the | & nbsp ; the | serbian and croatian forces indulged into a violent and perilous rivalry . < ref name = " : 0 " / > the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces |
| 797690636 | 0 | government renamed the country leading to the first official use of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' in 1929 . = = = king alexander = = = on 20 june 1928 | , | serb deputy [[ puniša račić ]] shot at five members of the opposition croatian peasant party in the [[ parliament of yugoslavia | national assembly ]] resulting in the death of | |
| 817773671 | 0 | = = {{ main article | kingdom of yugoslavia }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 210 | header = | image1 = | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | caption1 = flag of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | | image2 = banovine jugoslavia . png | caption2 = [[ subdivisions of the kingdom of yugoslavia | banovinas ]] of yugoslavia , 1929 – 39 . after 1939 the sava | |
| 837392651 | 0 | > = = world war ii = = {{ main article | world war ii in yugoslavia }} [[ file : stjepan stevo filipović . jpg | thumb | right | | 150px | upright = 0 . 7 | | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " shortly before his execution ]] at 5 : |
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| 4115990 | 1 | was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ msg : disambig }} {{ | msg : | sfry }} [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië | ||
| 8640415 | 9 | asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] is discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after first yugoslavia . | - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] | [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fi : | ||
| 56800146 | 0 | subjects of national rights which could not be overridden by the will of the croatian republic . = = = breakup = = = {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify | - date | june 2006 | }} after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a | ||
| 65112164 | 0 | pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] {{ unreferenced }} | [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ | |||
| 74530191 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ | unreferenced }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' | unreferencefgdsasdfvsdfadfhg , tryheljg , jefghekghv | ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | |
| 78657034 | 0 | | republic of macedonia }} {{ legend | # 008000 | bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # | ff0080 | ff80ff | | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} {{ legend | # 29efef | kosovo }} {{ legend | # f66c10 | montenegro }} ]] after | |
| 80382137 | 8 | and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . {{ fact }} this | campaign | campaignon the surface , | was not supported by the united states , which championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was not the main | |
| 80791480 | 0 | and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . {{ fact }} this | campaignon | campaign on | the surface , was not supported by the united states , which championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was | |
| 84665400 | 0 | state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ pov }} {{ | references }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | thumb | 225px | an animated series | eries | of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia | an animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia ; the different colors represent the areas of control | |
| 84674003 | 0 | state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ pov }} {{ | eries | references }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | thumb | 225px | an animated series | of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia | an animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia ; the different colors represent the areas of control | |
| 88861708 | 0 | [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ pov }} {{ references }} | {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} | [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | thumb | 225px | an animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia | an animated series | ||
| 96636041 | 0 | {{ legend | # 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] . }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | [[ republika srpska ]] . }} {{ legend | # | 00fe00 | 00fefe | | [[ brčko district ]] . }} {{ legend | # c00000 | [[ kosovo ]] . }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | [[ montenegro ]] . }} ]] after | |
| 125725649 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ see also | | the jewish | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of | ||
| 125729057 | 18 | {st@rt} {{ see also | | the jewish | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of | ||
| 147480437 | 0 | large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ main | | yugoslav | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav | ||
| 150932203 | 0 | , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ | see also | main | | creation of yugoslavia }} = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , | |
| 156872340 | 0 | 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = {{ pov }} | {{ unreferenced | date = september 2007 }} | the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background | ||
| 159014010 | 0 | that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = {{ pov }} {{ | unreferenced | refimprove | | date = september 2007 }} the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation | |
| 1 | state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ pov }} {{ | unreferenced | refimprove | | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | | ||
| 165572402 | 1 | and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | | creation of yugoslavia }} ideas for a single state for all [[ south slavs | caption1 image : example . jpg | | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but ideas for a unified state did not mature | |
| 206802676 | 4 | the " kingdom of serbia " ( kraljevina srbija / краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( serbo - croatian : {{ lang | | | - | sh | kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба }} ; slovene : {{ lang | sl | kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov }} | |
| 5 | slovenes " ( serbo - croatian : {{ lang | sh | kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба }} ; slovene : {{ lang | | | - | sl | kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov }} ; macedonian : {{ lang | mk | кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците }} ) . the country was re | ||
| 6 | hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба }} ; slovene : {{ lang | sl | kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov }} ; macedonian : {{ lang | | | - | mk | кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците }} ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of | ||
| 231811199 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ | see also | main | | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location | |
| 237605005 | 4 | referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist | federal | federative | republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] | |
| 237910349 | 4 | referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist | federative | federal | republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] | |
| 241638823 | 1 | wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav | people ' s liberation war | national resistance | }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with | |
| 241739997 | 1 | / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = yugoslav national resistance = = = {{ main | yugoslav | national resistance | people ' s liberation war | }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with | |
| 251599494 | 0 | 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * | [[ | {{ | slo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for | |
| 255620240 | 0 | _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} | * [[ image : flag of vojvodina . svg | 25px ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | ||
| 255645072 | 0 | _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} | * [[ image : flag of vojvodina . svg | 25px ]] [[ vojvodina ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | ||
| 256388041 | 0 | serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia resulted in the bosnian war . ]] {{ main | | dissolution | breakup | of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ stress ( biological ) | tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia . | |
| 293410555 | 0 | [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav | people ' s liberation | front ( world | war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . | |
| 309688136 | 1 | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' {{ | kosovo - note }} < / | ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < | ||
| 2 | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' {{ ref | label | status | a | } } | > | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . | ||
| 338545828 | 17 | federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state union of serbia and montenegro = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ disambig }} | the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' [[ history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 - 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . new york : penguin books , 1997 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west went wrong " ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] | [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old | ||
| 359311954 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ | pp - semi | protected | | small = yes }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political | |
| 359520790 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ | protected | pp - semi | | small = yes }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political | |
| 457911058 | 0 | with them ) . the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . its independence is [[ international recognition of kosovo | recognised ]] by {{ | kosovorecognition | numrec | kos | | | un member states }} and the [[ republic of china ]] ( taiwan ) . on 8 october 2008 , upon request of serbia , the [[ united nations | |
| 466554200 | 8 | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ kosovo ]] }} {{ ref label | status | ||
| 13 | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ | kosovo ]] }} {{ ref label | status | a | } } | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . | |||
| 483799781 | 0 | be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} {{ very long | | | section | date = november 2010 }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces . when in august 1990 | ||
| 492545273 | 13 | width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } ( {{ smaller | | style = " width : 4em ; " | | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } | ||
| 495585894 | 14 | – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | | yugoslav front | national liberation war | ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] and the royalist [[ | |
| 495587287 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ | for | about | the country in the western balkans | the post - breakup federal republic of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro | | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - | |
| 495666744 | 18 | shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > = = = national liberation war = = = {{ main | | national liberation war | yugoslav front | ( yugoslavia ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] | |
| 22 | {st@rt} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ | about | the country in the western balkans | the post - breakup federal republic of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro | | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file | |||
| 495668696 | 16 | – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | | yugoslav front | national liberation war | ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] and the royalist [[ | |
| 20 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ | for | | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - | |||
| 497534337 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ about | the | former | country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | ||
| 507557889 | 0 | from november 1970 ] * [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay the collapse of communist yugoslavia ] * {{ | cite | americana link | jugoslavia | author = milivoy s . stanoyevich }} {{ yug - timeline }} {{ coord | 44 | 49 | 14 | n | 20 | 27 | ||
| 1 | november 1970 ] * [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay the collapse of communist yugoslavia ] * {{ americana | link | | jugoslavia | author = milivoy s . stanoyevich }} {{ yug - timeline }} {{ coord | 44 | 49 | 14 | n | 20 | 27 | 44 | |||
| 542253625 | 0 | * 14 december 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = {{ out of | serbia and montenegro no longer exists as [[ montenegro ]] became an independent nation in june 2006 after the results | of date | section | date = january 2013 }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | header = | image1 = | ||
| 4 | * 14 december 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = {{ out of | date | | section | date = january 2013 }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | header = | image1 = map of | |||
| 551604287 | 5 | its culture and influence . {{ clarify | reason = what sort of influence ? what of / from ? | date = june 2012 }} < ref > {{ cite | web | news | | title = former yugoslavia patches itself together : entering the yugosphere | work = the economist | date = 20 august 2009 | url = http : / / www | |
| 555232598 | 0 | ] * [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay the collapse of communist yugoslavia ] * {{ cite americana | | wstitle = | jugoslavia | author = milivoy s . stanoyevich }} {{ yugoslavia topics | state = collapsed }} {{ yug - timeline }} {{ coord | 44 | 49 | 14 | | ||
| 608604340 | 0 | clio , 2005 . pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' {{ | note | efn - lr | | note1 = bosniaks ( muslims ) are not mentioned in state name for anti - muslim policy during that times }} by the merger of the provisional [[ state of | |
| 1 | 2005 . pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' {{ note | | note1 | 3 | = bosniaks ( muslims ) are not mentioned in state name for anti - muslim policy during that times }} by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , | ||
| 610895932 | 0 | filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " shortly before his execution ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | | invasion of | world war ii in | yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 & nbsp ; am on 6 april 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces | |
| 624878296 | 0 | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 1 march 1992 | 6 april 1992 {{ | fact | citation needed | | date = august 2014 }} | 1 march | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | |
| 1 | center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | 25 june 1991 | 8 october 1991 {{ | fact | citation needed | | date = august 2014 }} | 25 june | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | ||
| 2 | . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 17 february 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ | fact | citation needed | | date = august 2014 }} | 17 february | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag | ||
| 3 | center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 8 september 1991 | 8 april 1993 {{ | fact | citation needed | | date = august 2014 }} | 8 september | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | ||
| 4 | ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 21 may 2006 {{ | fact | citation needed | | date = august 2014 }} | 3 june 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | 21 may | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | ||
| 5 | coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 21 may 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | 3 june 2006 {{ | fact | citation needed | | date = august 2014 }} | 21 may | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | ||
| 6 | ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 22 may 2006 {{ | fact | citation needed | | date = august 2014 }} | 5 june 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | 15 february | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | ||
| 7 | coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 22 may 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | 5 june 2006 {{ | fact | citation needed | | date = august 2014 }} | 15 february | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | ||
| 745160001 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ distinguish | | [[ serbia and montenegro | | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes | ||
| 745160032 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ distinguish | | [[ serbia and montenegro | | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] }} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ pp - semi | small = | ||
| 748664379 | 0 | montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in 2008 . = = background = = {{ main | article | | creation of yugoslavia }} the concept of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] peoples , emerged in | ||
| 1 | of the serbian parliament in exile and the serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | article | | kingdom of yugoslavia }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 210 | header = | image1 = flag of the kingdom of | |||
| 2 | _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html ] {{ dead link | date = april 2013 }} < / ref > = = world war ii = = {{ main | article | | world war ii in yugoslavia }} [[ file : stjepan stevo filipović . jpg | thumb | right | 150px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] [[ stjepan filipović | |||
| 3 | by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | article | | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | 250px | flag of the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | |||
| 4 | flag or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . = = the 1948 yugoslavia - soviet split = = {{ further | information | | tito – stalin split }} the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its | |||
| 5 | that [[ central serbia ]] did not have its own assembly but a joint assembly with its provinces represented in it . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | article | | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia had always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but | |||
| 6 | creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = breakup = = {{ main | article | | breakup of yugoslavia }} {{ unreferenced | section | date = april 2016 }} [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia - try2 . gif | thumb | right | 250px | |||
| 8 | in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from the status of a constituent nation of the entirety of yugoslavia . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | article | | yugoslav wars }} {{ refimprove | section | date = april 2016 }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with | |||
| 9 | social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = breakup = = {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} {{ unreferenced | | | section | date = april 2016 }} [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia - try2 . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of yugoslavia ]] though the 1974 | |||
| 10 | they would be demoted from the status of a constituent nation of the entirety of yugoslavia . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} {{ refimprove | | | section | date = april 2016 }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces . when , in august | |||
| 754485190 | 2 | : 4em " | [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 1 march 1992 }} | {{ dts | | 6 april | 22 05 | 1992 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 1 march }} | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb | |
| 3 | | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 25 june 1991 }} | {{ dts | | 8 october 1991 | 22 05 1992 | }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 25 june }} | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | ||
| 5 | of croatia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 25 june 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 october 1991 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | | | | | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 25 june }} | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | [[ file : flag of kosovo . | |||
| 9 | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 8 september 1991 }} | {{ dts | | 8 april 1993 | 01 11 2000 | }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 8 september }} | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | ||
| 15 | coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 25 june 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 october 1991 }} < br / > {{ | citation needed | | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 25 june }} | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | [[ file : flag of kosovo . | |||
| 21 | serbia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 22 may 2006 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | | 5 june 2006 | }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 15 february }} | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | |||
| 772701137 | 3 | yugoslav dinar ]] | on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz | tito | bauer | | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime | |
| 158835875 | 0 | party ]] celebration ]] --> on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz | bauer | tito | | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime | |
| 165059312 | 10 | joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( ' ' narodno oslobodilačka vojska ' ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito | , a croatian national | ]] . | in 1989 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " | |
| 214707204 | 1 | 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] | the first | serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a | ||
| 4 | million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian | [[ communist ]] | leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian | |||
| 214793779 | 3 | 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] | the first | serbian leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great | ||
| 217433443 | 0 | kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] {{ | expand - | section - stub }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 280px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in | ||
| 231807278 | 7 | the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , serb royalist guerrilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] | . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and | , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans | were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( ' ' narodno oslobodilačka vojska ' ' or nov ) , led | |
| 27 | supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , serb royalist guerrilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | | dragoljub " draža " mihailović | ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , | |||
| 231810308 | 20 | the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] | . | ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as | ||
| 231811016 | 0 | [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | {{ expand - section | date = june 2008 }} | [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = | ||
| 254149382 | 0 | greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] | , a croatian national | . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially | ||
| 255672589 | 0 | [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | < br > _ ashlee is a dirty little whore _ < br > | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | ||
| 255673922 | 0 | [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | < br > _ ashlee is a dirty little whore _ < br > | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | ||
| 255675834 | 0 | [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | < br > ' ' ' ashlee is a dirty little whore ' ' ' < br > | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | ||
| 255675940 | 0 | [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | < br > ' ' ' ashlee is a dirty little whore ' ' ' < br > | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | ||
| 255677347 | 0 | [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | ' ' ' ashlee is a little dirty whore ' ' ' | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | ||
| 255677354 | 0 | [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | ' ' ' ashlee is a little dirty whore ' ' ' | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | ||
| 256388014 | 2 | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] | ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions | . ]] [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right | ||
| 5 | jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ franjo tuđman ]] | refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in ethnic cleansing of serbs from croatia | . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' | |||
| 259631121 | 2 | senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović | ]] | seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers | ||
| 262426245 | 0 | [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | abd cool | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | ||
| 262426538 | 0 | [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | abd cool | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | ||
| 272908286 | 0 | [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | hgfjh | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | ||
| 272908371 | 0 | [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | hgfjh | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | ||
| 274780927 | 0 | [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | bob | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | ||
| 274781097 | 0 | [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | bob | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | ||
| 274781473 | 0 | [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | fuck yugoslavia | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | ||
| 274781668 | 0 | [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] | fuck yugoslavia | = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power | ||
| 284695040 | 75 | world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović | stjepan | " stevo " | filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death . ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia | ||
| 408004710 | 1 | of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigrés loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 ; however , marshal [[ josip broz tito | ]] | was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime | ||
| 441313646 | 103 | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] ]] on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | | tito | ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister | ||
| 594475714 | 1 | leading to the first official use of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' in 1929 . = = = king alexander = = = on 20 june 1928 serb deputy puniša račić | ]] | shot at five members of the opposition croatian peasant party in the [[ parliament of yugoslavia | national assembly ]] resulting in the death of two deputies on the spot and | ||
| 611563753 | 6 | [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] and [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] . the [[ serbs | serbian ]] [[ karađorđević | dynasty | ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris . < ref > http : / | ||
| 616725067 | 1 | émigrés loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 ; however , [[ marshal of yugoslavia | marshal ]] josip broz tito was | seen as a national hero by the citizens | in contgrol | and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent communist state , starting as a prime minister . {{ citation needed | date = november 2013 }} the official yugoslav | |
| 616890253 | 9 | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] ]] on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | ]] | was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . |
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| 202246 | 9 | domain ) : < / b > yu < i > from the [[ cia world factbook ]] 2000 , with some wikification : < / i > * [[ yugoslavia | / history | history | ]] * [[ yugoslavia / geography | geography ]] * [[ yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | | |
| 10 | < i > from the [[ cia world factbook ]] 2000 , with some wikification : < / i > * [[ yugoslavia / history | history ]] * [[ yugoslavia | / geography | geography | ]] * [[ yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | | ||
| 11 | factbook ]] 2000 , with some wikification : < / i > * [[ yugoslavia / history | history ]] * [[ yugoslavia / geography | geography ]] * [[ yugoslavia | / people | people | ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation | | ||
| 12 | < / i > * [[ yugoslavia / history | history ]] * [[ yugoslavia / geography | geography ]] * [[ yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia | / government | government | ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ yugoslavia / military | | ||
| 13 | history | history ]] * [[ yugoslavia / geography | geography ]] * [[ yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia | / economy | economy | ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ yugoslavia / military | military ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transnational issues | ||
| 14 | geography | geography ]] * [[ yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia | / communications | communications | ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ yugoslavia / military | military ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transnational issues | transnational issues ]] | ||
| 15 | people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia | / transportation | transportation | ]] * [[ yugoslavia / military | military ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transnational issues | transnational issues ]] | ||
| 16 | government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ yugoslavia | / military | military | ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transnational issues | transnational issues ]] | ||
| 657082 | 0 | [[ economy of yugoslavia ]] * [[ communications in yugoslavia ]] * [[ transportation in yugoslavia ]] * [[ military of yugoslavia ]] * [[ foreign relations of yugoslavia ]] * | republics within the federal republic of yugoslavia | [[ serbia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * the [[ voivodina ]] region and its municipalities - [[ novi sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ | |
| 3 | ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * the [[ voivodina ]] region and its municipalities - [[ novi sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] * [[ kosovo ]] | region | * [[ belgrade ]] * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ novi sad ]] * [[ prishtina ]] | ||
| 22076435 | 0 | = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | | macedonia | ]] * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]] | |
| 24098786 | 0 | * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and | [[ montenegro ]] , | * [[ slovenia ]] ( republics ) ; * [[ vojvodina ]] and * [[ kosovo ]] ( autonomous provinces ) . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] are part | |
| 1 | , established six constituent republics and two autonomous province : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , | * [[ montenegro ]] , | * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] ( republics ) ; * [[ vojvodina ]] and * [[ kosovo ]] ( autonomous provinces ) . [[ vojvodina ]] and | ||
| 24110042 | 0 | , established six constituent republics and two autonomous province : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , | * [[ montenegro ]] , | * [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ slovenia ]] ( republics ) ; * [[ vojvodina ]] and * [[ kosovo ]] ( autonomous provinces ) . | |
| 1 | and two autonomous province : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and | [[ montenegro ]] , | * [[ slovenia ]] ( republics ) ; * [[ vojvodina ]] and * [[ kosovo ]] ( autonomous provinces ) . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] are part | ||
| 25683008 | 4 | * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and | were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian | * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * | |
| 31628313 | 3 | constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ | montenegro | lawlzs tiger | ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : |
| 59432184 | 1 | - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | | macedonia | ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 700px | thumb | center | countries of former yugoslavia ]] the first | |
| 63331191 | 9 | republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | * | , with capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # socialist republic of | [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders |
| 205710953 | 0 | - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | | republic of macedonia ( fyrom ) | ]] * [[ serbia ]] * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] | |
| 205763412 | 0 | - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | | republic of macedonia ( fyrom ) | ]] * [[ serbia ]] * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] | |
| 247935764 | 30 | ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] | < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | |
| 251599396 | 0 | former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | {{ bih }} | * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in |
| 446485759 | 2 | [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia | }} | 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * | |
| 467914600 | 19 | > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of serbia ]] | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : | |
| 496199211 | 1 | image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 210 | header = | image1 = flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | caption1 = yugoslavia | at the time of its dissolution , early 1992 | ]] | | image2 = banovine jugoslavia . png | caption2 = [[ subdivisions of the kingdom of yugoslavia | banovinas ]] of yugoslavia , 1929 - 39 . after 1939 the sava |
| 542264962 | 15 | " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file | |
| 17 | center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file | ||
| 19 | / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file | ||
| 594278153 | 1 | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] | february 17 | - | [[ republic of macedonia | ( country ) | macedonia | ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ | |
| 594372658 | 0 | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] | february 17 | - | [[ republic of macedonia | ( country ) | macedonia | ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ | |
| 816912414 | 0 | identifier is commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ | women in | kingdom of | yugoslavia ]] = = notes = = {{ reflist | group = lower - roman }} = = references = = {{ reflist | 30em }} * {{ loc }} - |
| 816927860 | 0 | identifier is commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ | kingdom of | women in | yugoslavia ]] = = notes = = {{ reflist | group = lower - roman }} = = references = = {{ reflist | 30em }} * {{ loc }} - |
| 819802470 | 4 | . un . org / en / member - states / | title = member states | publisher = united nations }} < / ref > | - | [[ serbia | ]] | and montenegro | | [[ belgrade ]] | [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px |
| 838732257 | 1 | states | publisher = united nations }} < / ref > | - | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] < br > < small > later renamed serbia and montenegro | ]] | | [[ belgrade ]] | [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro |
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| 47535806 | 2 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ macedonian language | macedonian | ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian | ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] | |
| 92498255 | 3 | language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , or ' ' југославија ' ' in ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | | macedonian | english | ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula |
| 192073726 | 3 | varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , | ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | {{ lang - en | | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes |
| 206808719 | 2 | years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , " југославија " in [[ | serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ serbian | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : ' ' south slavia ' ' , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) | |
| 231803887 | 25 | in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; | " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( | [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " , or | |
| 353731294 | 0 | - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian | cyrillic | | cyrillic ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political | |
| 354761080 | 0 | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe | |
| 354908464 | 1 | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during | |
| 354909728 | 0 | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during | |
| 355118605 | 1 | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during | |
| 355118834 | 0 | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during | |
| 355178619 | 1 | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during | |
| 355183281 | 0 | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during | |
| 355196149 | 1 | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during | |
| 355244341 | 0 | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during | |
| 355305891 | 1 | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during | |
| 355311381 | 0 | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during | |
| 355312200 | 1 | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during | |
| 355312326 | 0 | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during | |
| 355362727 | 1 | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during | |
| 355364967 | 0 | ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during | |
| 400599300 | 24 | ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during |
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| 8640530 | 0 | - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = second yugoslavia = = [[ image : prfli . jpg | | frame | thumb | 200px | | marshal tito led yugoslavia from the end of world war ii until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ | ||
| 8778717 | 0 | declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : | coashs | peter i karageorgevich | . jpg | framed | right | coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ | ||
| 8780940 | 0 | new joint kingdom . = = first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : peter i karageorgevich . jpg | | framed | thumb | 200px | | right | peter i karadjordjevi & # 263 ; , the first king of yugoslavia ]] the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the | ||
| 22679277 | 0 | as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : | prfli | tito . marshall . post - war . j . j . | . jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in [[ | ||
| 43200260 | 1 | days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | | in the | [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies marching to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it | |||
| 43204111 | 0 | days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | | in the | [[ independent state of croatia ]] - serbs , jews and gypsies marching to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it | |||
| 63336021 | 0 | in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | | 200px | 300px | | right | map showing [[ kingdom _ of _ yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in [[ 1929 ]] ]] = = = opposition to the new state | ||
| 63521621 | 0 | * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | | 700px | 300px | | thumb | center | countries of former yugoslavia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a | ||
| 63521709 | 0 | : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 300px | thumb | | center | right | | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the | ||
| 118652744 | 0 | s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : | smilo | milosevic - 1 | . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , | ||
| 204767614 | 1 | ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] {{ section - stub }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | | 300px | 280px | | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] [[ image : yugoslavia1936physical . jpg | 300px | right | thumb | | ||
| 231810308 | 3 | of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | | 230px | 250px | | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur | ||
| 4 | rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] {{ expand - section | date = june 2008 }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | | 280px | 250px | | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ | |||
| 8 | a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | | 200px | 250px | | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic | |||
| 19 | for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | | 250px | right | | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and | ||||
| 22 | with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former _ yugoslavia _ wartime _ 1 . png | | 250px | the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces by the secessionist forces . when in august 1990 croatia attempted to replace police in | ||||
| 23 | _ wartime _ 1 . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | | 250px | | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of | ||||
| 25 | 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | | 200px | 250px | | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ | |||
| 34 | with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former _ yugoslavia _ wartime _ 1 . png | | 300px | | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of | ||||
| 35 | _ wartime _ 1 . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | | 300px | | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain | ||||
| 232164911 | 0 | yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | | right | left | | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution | ||
| 1 | for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | | 200px | after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of | ||||
| 3 | for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | | 250px | | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics | ||||
| 246067912 | 0 | and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | | 250px | 200px | | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur | ||
| 1 | seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | | 250px | 200px | | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 | |||
| 3 | fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) seconds before plunging to his death . ]] [[ image : dfy coat of arms . gif | | 250px | 200px | | thumb | right | the coat of arms of the [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] . ]] {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = | |||
| 4 | as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | | 250px | 200px | | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution | |||
| 247935764 | 1 | ]] from the [[ cisleithania | austrian ]] part , and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = [[ image : | jugo - slavia , 1919 | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | . png | thumb | 200px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of | ||
| 3 | part , and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | | thumb | 200px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the | < center > | [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and | |||
| 13 | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | | 250px | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ | ||||
| 17 | as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | | 250px | provinces . ]] on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of | ||||
| 19 | of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government = = = [[ image : | marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] . ]] [[ image : | . ]] on 7 april 1963 the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ | ||||
| 21 | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | | right | | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[ | ||||
| 43 | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | | 200px | | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 | ||||
| 47 | as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | | 200px | | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution | ||||
| 50 | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | | left | | 200px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . | ||||
| 256388014 | 0 | image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | | 200px | thumb | 150px | | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[ | ||
| 3 | ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | | 200px | thumb | 150px | | right | thumb | [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] {{ | |||
| 6 | slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | | 200px | thumb | 150px | | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | |||
| 262054633 | 5 | victories against the occupying forces we the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 | |||||
| 266322892 | 1 | skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat | - | of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 | |||
| 2 | ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of | - | arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % | ||||
| 266323076 | 1 | | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat | - | of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " | |||
| 2 | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of | - | arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font | ||||
| 286369241 | 1 | | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : republic | - | _ | of - macedonia - coat - of - arms . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style | ||
| 4 | skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : republic | - | _ | of - macedonia - coat - of - arms . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size | |||
| 288717184 | 3 | pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat | _ | of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 | |||
| 341737479 | 0 | | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat | _ | of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file | |||
| 1 | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of | _ | arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : | ||||
| 342025641 | 0 | | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat | _ | of _ arms _ of _ macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file | |||
| 347164096 | 0 | breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | | 150px | 140px | | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] | ||
| 6 | ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | | 150px | 140px | | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this | |||
| 16 | an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | | 150px | 140px | | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia to become part of a [[ greater serbia ]] | |||
| 347164615 | 0 | breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | | 140px | 150px | | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal desire to uphold the unity of serbs , a status threatned by each republic breaking away from the federation | ||
| 1 | to his opposition to the the albanian authorities in kosovo , further inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] {{ fixbunching | mid }} [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | | 140px | 150px | | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered the serb population of croatia who had wished to remain in union | |||
| 2 | outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs ahead of croatia ' s independence . ]] {{ fixbunching | mid }} [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | | 140px | 150px | | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia and herzegovina to become part of what he called | |||
| 347166295 | 0 | outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs ahead of croatia ' s independence . ]] {{ fixbunching | mid }} [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | | 150px | 140px | | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia and herzegovina to become part of what he called | ||
| 375033988 | 0 | = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : | slobodan _ | milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal desire to uphold the unity of serbs , a status | |||
| 1 | breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic | - 1 | . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal desire to uphold the unity of serbs , a status threatened by each | ||||
| 394554278 | 7 | breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : slobodan | _ | milosevic . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal desire to uphold the unity of serbs , a status threatened by | |||
| 400599300 | 5 | svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine | thumb | right | | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat | |||
| 21 | the serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia , and one which would disenfranchise non - bosniaks . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | | 250px | 300px | | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 | |||
| 31 | svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine | kj | . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the kingdom of yugoslavia and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | | ||||
| 458313071 | 1 | | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . | png | jpg | | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' | ||
| 466553797 | 1 | | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : yugo3 . | jpg | png | | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' | ||
| 496003280 | 0 | formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = [[ file : | former | map of war in | yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] countries that emerged from the former yugoslavia | ||
| 496003893 | 1 | signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = [[ file : map of war in yugoslavia , 1992 . png | | 300px | thumb | right | | caption1 = | yugoslavia at the time of its dissolution , early 1992 ]] yugoslav successor states : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list | ||
| 496174460 | 13 | yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | | thumb | 250px | right | | caption2 = | republics and provinces of yugoslavia ]] on 29 november 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii | ||
| 516853295 | 0 | to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref name = " atheism . about . com " / > = = = government = = = [[ file : | marsal | josip broz | tito . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] ]] on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist | ||
| 1 | collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref name = " atheism . about . com " / > = = = government = = = [[ file : marsal tito | bihać 1942 | . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] ]] on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal | ||||
| 542265770 | 0 | war in yugoslavia , 1992 . png | caption1 = yugoslavia at the time of its dissolution , early 1992 | image2 = former yugoslavia 2008 . png | caption2 = | current | the | state of affairs on the territory of the former yugoslavia , as of 2008 }} the successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " | ||
| 547327217 | 58 | | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] | < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led | |||
| 565463964 | 0 | _ april _ 06 . html ] {{ dead link | date = april 2013 }} < / ref > = = world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan | stevo | filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 150px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! | |||
| 568190836 | 1 | }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : location | yugoslavia | map | . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the italian border changed after world war ii . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' | ||
| 569691392 | 0 | | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat | _ | of arms of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 | |||
| 1 | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of | _ | arms of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % | ||||
| 583308010 | 2 | | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat | _ | of _ arms _ of _ macedonia _ ( 1946 - 2009 ) . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | |||
| 595882815 | 0 | _ april _ 06 . html ] {{ dead link | date = april 2013 }} < / ref > = = world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan | _ | stevo filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 150px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people | |||
| 1 | april _ 06 . html ] {{ dead link | date = april 2013 }} < / ref > = = world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan stevo | filipovic | _ filipović | . jpg | thumb | right | 150px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " | |||
| 606596060 | 0 | _ april _ 06 . html ] {{ dead link | date = april 2013 }} < / ref > = = world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan | _ | stevo _ filipović . jpg | thumb | right | 150px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the | |||
| 768996113 | 2 | | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | | thumb | president ]] | | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија , {{ lang - | ||
| 3 | = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | | right | leader1 = [[ ivan ribar ]] {{ small | | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија , {{ lang - sl | | |||
| 18 | }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia | location map . svg | | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија , {{ | ||||
| 772701137 | 11 | ' < br / > хеј , словени < br / > {{ small | " hey , slavs " }} < br / > {{ center | [[ file : | united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] }} | common _ languages = [[ serbo - croatian ]] {{ ref label | d | d }} < br / > [[ slovene language | slovene ]] {{ ref label | e | e }} < br / > [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] {{ ref label | f | f }} | religion = | demonym = [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] | currency = [[ yugoslav dinar ]] | on [[ november 25 | ]] | , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was | ||
| 37 | jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of 1942 . {{ deletable image - caption }} ]] --> on [[ november 25 ]] , | [[ | 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in | ||||
| 40 | ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 | ]] | , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country | ||||
| 41 | vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , | [[ | 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing | ||||
| 44 | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 | ]] | , [[ 1946 ]] , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling | ||||
| 45 | of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , | [[ | 1946 ]] , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ | ||||
| 48 | = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] celebration . ]] on [[ 7 april | ]] [[ | 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] | ||||
| 49 | image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] celebration . ]] on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 | ]] | the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in | ||||
| 51 | ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may | ]] [[ | 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | | ||||
| 52 | [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 | ]] | , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of | ||||
| 54 | , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 | ]] | , [[ 1991 ]] , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , | ||||
| 55 | that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , | [[ | 1991 ]] , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two | ||||
| 58 | serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on [[ june 25 | ]] | , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with | ||||
| 62 | and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police was already slovenian before declaring independence . the following day ( [[ june 26 | ]] | ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] . the [[ | ||||
| 64 | ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 | ]] | , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : | ||||
| 65 | ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , | [[ | 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / | ||||
| 68 | in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 | ]] | , [[ 1992 ]] , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation | ||||
| 69 | of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , | [[ | 1992 ]] , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars | ||||
| 72 | thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april | ]] | , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end | ||||
| 74 | = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 | ]] | , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic | ||||
| 75 | the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , | [[ | 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia | ||||
| 78 | the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 | ]] | , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 | ||||
| 79 | federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , | [[ | 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium | ||||
| 82 | and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 | ]] | , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is | ||||
| 83 | slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , | [[ | 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as | ||||
| 86 | , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 | ]] | moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 | ||||
| 88 | moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 | ]] | , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia | ||||
| 89 | slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , | [[ | 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina | ||||
| 92 | as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 | ]] | , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ | ||||
| 93 | day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , | [[ | 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] | ||||
| 96 | april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 | ]] | , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia | ||||
| 97 | ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , | [[ | 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ | ||||
| 100 | * [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 | ]] | - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo | ||||
| 101 | agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - | [[ | june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * | ||||
| 102 | - regional arms control ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 | ]] | , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 | ||||
| 103 | arms control ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , | [[ | 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , | ||||
| 106 | , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 | ]] | , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared | ||||
| 107 | 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , | [[ | 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences | ||||
| 110 | and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 | ]] | , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally | ||||
| 111 | nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , | [[ | 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence | ||||
| 114 | union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 | ]] | , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | | ||||
| 115 | serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , | [[ | 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | | ||||
| 118 | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 | ]] | , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest | ||||
| 119 | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , | [[ | 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps | ||||
| 122 | october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 | ]] | , [[ 2000 ]] . on saturday , [[ march 31 | ]] | , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and | ||
| 130 | surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 | ]] | he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ | ||||
| 132 | . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 | ]] | , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] | ||||
| 133 | trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , | [[ | 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ | ||||
| 136 | in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march | ]] , [[ | 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons | ||||
| 139 | ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 | ]] | , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the | ||||
| 140 | [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , | [[ | 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of | ||||
| 143 | the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 | ]] | , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual | ||||
| 147 | their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 | ]] | , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . | ||||
| 148 | affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , | [[ | 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted | ||||
| 151 | favor of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 | ]] | , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = | ||||
| 155 | have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since [[ january 1 | ]] | , [[ 2007 ]] , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : | ||||
| 156 | to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since [[ january 1 ]] , | [[ | 2007 ]] , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement | ||||
| 257731379 | 2 | herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , | peace | [[ dayton agreement ]] is | signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav | ||
| 259630650 | 2 | , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 {{ fact | date = december 2008 | }} | < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / | . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . the remaining four republics have yet to apply | ||
| 273508155 | 0 | is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since january 1 , | 2007 | 2070 | , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = | ||
| 273508566 | 0 | is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since january 1 , | 2070 | 2007 | , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = | ||
| 288331549 | 0 | atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april | 1963 | 1943 | the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in | ||
| 288331617 | 0 | atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april | 1943 | 1910 | the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in | ||
| 288331712 | 1 | atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april | 1910 | 1963 | the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in | ||
| 303989605 | 0 | . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 | , | the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in | |||
| 324374703 | 2 | world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march | 25 | 39 | , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers | ||
| 3 | ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , | 1941 | 2000 | , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also | |||
| 324375623 | 2 | world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march | 39 | 25 | , 2000 , hoping to still keep pokemon out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers | ||
| 3 | ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 39 , | 2000 | 1941 | , hoping to still keep pokemon out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also | |||
| 337642740 | 14 | it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 | respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with the 1918 collapse of [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austria - hungary ]] at the end of [[ world war i ]] and the formation of the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe | ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > | |||
| 337769009 | 15 | it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 | respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with the 1918 collapse of [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austria - hungary ]] at the end of [[ world war i ]] and the formation of the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe | ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > | |||
| 337777732 | 15 | it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 | respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with the 1918 collapse of [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austria - hungary ]] at the end of [[ world war i ]] and the formation of the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe | ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > | |||
| 343664317 | 0 | montenegro constituted * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february | 17 | 12 | , 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | ||
| 343664397 | 0 | montenegro constituted * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february | 12 | 17 | , 2010 , penguin is a hot mess in yugoslavia and it is no longer a friggin country = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic | ||
| 1 | * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 12 , | 2010 | 2008 | , penguin is a hot mess in yugoslavia and it is no longer a friggin country = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia | |||
| 441313646 | 60 | world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march | 25 , | 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were | |||
| 63 | support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march | 27 | . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 - year - old [[ peter | ||||
| 65 | shortly before his execution ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april | 6 , | 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] | ||||
| 71 | most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november | 25 , | 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]] , modern day [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . | ||||
| 72 | | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]] , modern day [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . the council reconvened on november | 29 , | 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation | ||||
| 80 | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on january | 31 , | 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the [[ | ||||
| 129 | just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police were mostly already slovenian before slovenia ' s declaration of independence . the following day ( june | 26 | ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] . the [[ | ||||
| 132 | up to the year 2000 . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on november | 27 , | 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www | ||||
| 141 | overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on january | 9 , | 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were | ||||
| 522673151 | 1 | popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a coup d ' état when the king returned on 27 march | ]] | . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 - year - old [[ peter | |||
| 563181056 | 2 | creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february – march 1992 | , | the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in | |||
| 563182107 | 2 | ' s independence by the u . s . and most european countries * 28 april 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * 14 december 1995 , | the | [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = {{ multiple image | align = right | | |||
| 575358692 | 8 | ( the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] was annexed on 13 november 1918 , and the conference of ambassadors in paris gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 | ) | . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded | |||
| 582993096 | 2 | republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | 250px | flag of [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ]] on 29 november | 1945 | , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly | |||
| 594475714 | 2 | deputies on the spot and in leader [[ stjepan radić ]] a few weeks later . {{ sfn | ramet | 2006 | p = 73 }} on 6 january 1929 | [[ | king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] suspended the constitution , banned national political parties , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to | |||
| 3 | on the spot and in leader [[ stjepan radić ]] a few weeks later . {{ sfn | ramet | 2006 | p = 73 }} on 6 january 1929 king | of yugoslavia | king ]] | [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] suspended the constitution , banned national political parties , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb | ||||
| 622094154 | 45 | / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | june 25 , 1991 | july | 7 , | 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | june 25 | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align | |||
| 656901506 | 10 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 17 february 2008 | }} | | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 17 february | - | |||
| 27 | center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 25 june 1991 | 7 july 1991 | }} < br / > | ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | 25 june | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align = | ||||
| 702550312 | 16 | with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . the serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 july | ]] [[ | 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm | |||
| 17 | the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . the serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 | ]] | at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < | ||||
| 21 | centuries in which the territories had been part of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] . renamed the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october | ]] [[ | 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed | ||||
| 22 | in which the territories had been part of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] . renamed the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 | ]] | , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by | ||||
| 24 | . renamed the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april | ]] [[ | 1941 . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate | ||||
| 25 | renamed the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 | ]] | . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate government | ||||
| 702589142 | 16 | the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . the serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on [[ 13 july | ]] [[ | 1922 ]] at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in [[ paris ]] . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / | |||
| 17 | [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . the serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on [[ 13 july ]] [[ 1922 | ]] | at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in [[ paris ]] . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . | ||||
| 21 | in which the territories had been part of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] . renamed the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on [[ 3 october | ]] [[ | 1929 ]] , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] . in [[ 1943 ]] | ||||
| 22 | territories had been part of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] . renamed the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on [[ 3 october ]] [[ 1929 | ]] | , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] . in [[ 1943 ]] , a | ||||
| 24 | of yugoslavia ]] on [[ 3 october ]] [[ 1929 ]] , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on [[ 6 april | ]] [[ | 1941 ]] . in [[ 1943 ]] , a [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 ]] , | ||||
| 25 | on [[ 3 october ]] [[ 1929 ]] , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 | ]] | . in [[ 1943 ]] , a [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 ]] , the king | ||||
| 33 | was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 ]] , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in [[ november 1945 | ]] | the monarchy was abolished . [[ yugoslavia ]] was renamed the [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] in [[ 1946 ]] , when a [[ communist government ]] | ||||
| 817772770 | 9 | of monarchy ]] | date _ event2 = 29 november 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april 1992 | | date _ end = 27 april | | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1918 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2 | |||
| 818985113 | 4 | ? blogentryref = 7915 | publisher = the university of edinburgh school of law | author = ljubica spaskovska | date = 28 september 2009 | accessdate = 11 november 2011 | | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20120118193603 / http : / / www . law . ed . ac . uk / ecclblog / blogentry . aspx ? blogentryref = 7915 | archivedate = 18 january 2012 | df = dmy - all | }} < / ref > the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though | |||
| 857344426 | 10 | invasion of yugoslavia | axis invasion ]] | date _ event1 = 6 april 1941 | event2 = [[ abolition of monarchy ]] | date _ event2 = 29 november 1945 | | event3 = [[ peter ii of yugoslavia # deposition and exile | abolition of monarchy ]] | date _ event3 = 29 november 1945 | | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1918 | |||
| 14 | date _ start = 1 december | year _ start = 1918 | event1 = [[ invasion of yugoslavia | axis invasion ]] | date _ event1 = 6 april 1941 | | | event2 = [[ abolition of monarchy ]] | date _ event2 = 29 november 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end |
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| 20114 | 4 | . not wikified . < / i > * [[ / history | history ]] * [[ / geography | geography ]] * [[ / people | people ]] * [[ | yugoslavia | / government | government ]] * [[ / economy | economy ]] * [[ / communications | communications ]] * [[ / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ / military | | |
| 403378 | 0 | . png ]] < / div > the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a country in southeastern europe , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as | a | the | [[ monarchy ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( petar ii [[ karadjordjevic ]] was the last king ) |
| 854429 | 4 | albanians | albanians ]] in serbia and f . y . r . o . m . , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] in serbia ) , this led to some | often | bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia / history | croatia ]] , [[ history of bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . < table align | |
| 904667 | 3 | [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( [[ petar ii karadjordjevic ]] was the last king ) | on established [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] | under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent of the [[ soviet union ]] , | |
| 16 | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " in [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ | communism | | communist ]] country , ( [[ petar ii karadjordjevic ]] was the last king ) under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central | ||
| 1298298 | 0 | # 12450 ; ]] [[ nl : joegoslavi & euml ; ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is term casually used for | any of following | three separate | political entities : * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 |
| 1309223 | 0 | > the [[ united nations ]] , and many individual states ( including the [[ united states ]] ) refused to recognise the remaining confederation of serbia and montenegro as the | [[ succession of states theory | | continuation of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , although they accepted it as constituting a state . this situation is now resolved , with the admission of the federal republic | |
| 1 | the [[ united nations ]] , and many individual states ( including the [[ united states ]] ) refused to recognise the remaining confederation of serbia and montenegro as the continuation | ]] | of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , although they accepted it as constituting a state . this situation is now resolved , with the admission of the federal republic of | ||
| 1377773 | 1 | republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and again in [[ 1963 ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , under which it existed until [[ 1992 ]] when | four of | its constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . as a result a federation | |
| 1984503 | 2 | to the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by | the | [[ axis powers ]] . the second was a [[ communist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] under the name ' ' ' | |
| 3 | invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by [[ axis powers ]] . the second was a [[ communist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] | under the name | as | ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] changed its name to the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' | |
| 2946249 | 3 | of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . a federation called the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed | in [[ 1991 ]] | between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called | |
| 4925591 | 0 | seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the | teritorry | territory | of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose |
| 8640465 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate | but successive | political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' | |
| 8716078 | 9 | to great losses for yugoslavia , approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 people or 10 % of the population | ) | of yugoslavia | . in liberated territories , nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the |
| 10 | approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 people or 10 % of the population ) . in liberated territories , | the | nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - | ||
| 8716833 | 1 | wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign which developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the germans response was to punish the civil population by | initiating | carrying out | reprisal killings and by permitting free hand to quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading to great civilain loss of life , principally among the serbs of bosnia and |
| 2 | ]] campaign which developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the germans response was to punish the civil population by initiating reprisal killings and by | permitting | giving a | free hand to quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading to great civilain loss of life , principally among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , who provided the | |
| 3 | into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the germans response was to punish the civil population by initiating reprisal killings and by permitting free hand to | the | quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading to great civilain loss of life , principally among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , who provided the bulk of partisan | ||
| 5 | army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a | wide - spread | [[ guerrilla ]] campaign which developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the germans response was to punish the civil population by initiating reprisal killings | ||
| 8718538 | 7 | forces of the government of croatia , leading to great civilain loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided the | bulk | a large portion | of partisan formations . the current estimate of the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . |
| 10 | the current estimate of the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . in liberated territories , | and | the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti | ||
| 12 | 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade , yugoslavia | belgrade ]] . during the war | was over . westerner attempts to reunite | the [[ communism | communist ]] lead the [[ partisans ]] that were opposing the occupation and were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , but | ||
| 16 | ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , but also denied supremacy of the old [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] government . westerner attempts to reunite partisans and | the | emigration loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - subasic agreement ]] in june [[ 1944 ]] , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens | ||
| 18 | ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade , yugoslavia | belgrade ]] . during the war the | [[ communism | communist ]] lead the [[ | partisans ]] that were opposing the occupation and were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , but also denied supremacy of the old [[ kingdom of | ||
| 8778698 | 5 | ]] . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia - herzegovina , albeit only two out of | its | three constitutive peoples , bosniaks and croats . secession of the new - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody and gruesome [[ yugoslav wars ]] . it started with | |
| 8780980 | 0 | great civilian loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided the a large portion of both rebel formations . the | current estimate of the | estimated | [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . during the war , the [[ communism | communist |
| 9382164 | 0 | memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which | turned out to be an | dovetailed into | ethnic conflict between the albanian majority and the serbian minority in the province . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milosevic | slobodan milo & # 353 ; evi & |
| 9383013 | 5 | economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest , and marked a culmination in the rift of the ruling party . following the | " | [[ fall of communism ]] in [[ eastern europe ]] and in yugoslavia , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in | |
| 9813073 | 0 | | marshal tito led yugoslavia from the end of world war ii until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ | constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | |
| 10662657 | 3 | power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and instated the 17 - year old crown prince [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | peter ]] as the new king . | apparently this defiance infuriated | [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] , so the axis decided to attack both yugoslavia and greece on [[ april 6 ]] . ( as a result , hitler had to | |
| 11322803 | 0 | an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . | [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] | the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the | |
| 12142335 | 4 | greece ]] , and before germany committed its forces to the greek campaign , it wanted to secure yugoslavia ' s support . [[ pavle karadjordjevic | royal regent paul ]] | prince paul | submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia | |
| 13049340 | 4 | and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic | and province | premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezi & # 263 ; kr & # 269 ; un served | |
| 15457341 | 6 | by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but later strayed and lost that support , and also with the population . the german response to | both of these | resistance movements was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] | |
| 22506754 | 0 | : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared | in early 1992 | that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " in early 1992 . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * | |
| 22785116 | 15 | occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ | usta & # 353 ; e | ustaše | ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ albania |
| 25682758 | 10 | [[ president for life ]] . [[ image : balkans02 . jpg | thumb | right | former yugoslavia map ]] in sfry , each republic and province had its own | internal | constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was a collective presidency , the federal prime minister , and the | |
| 26468448 | 1 | build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc | eastern ]] and [[ | western bloc | nato | | western bloc ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official affiliation of |
| 26468715 | 1 | [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest . following the | " [[ | fall of communism ]] " in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in | |
| 27585752 | 0 | its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc | eastern bloc ]] and [[ | nato | | nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official affiliation of the country | |
| 30275074 | 4 | * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people | of the following two regions | were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia | |
| 30298958 | 2 | ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and two separate provinces of yugoslavia , where the people | of the following two regions | were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] - mainly hungarian * [[ kosovo ]] - annexed from albania in 1910 in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina | |
| 31777742 | 0 | ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ | guerrilla warfare | | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal | |
| 31961080 | 7 | in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 | ]] | as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry | |
| 25 | by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in [[ 1929 ]] , but was relatively limited in its activities until [[ 1941 | ]] | . german troops occupied [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by | ||
| 41 | self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in [[ 1980 | ]] | , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the | ||
| 32922260 | 0 | western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to | [[ collaboration | | collaborate with axis powers against nla . after allies realised that chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the | |
| 1 | and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to collaborate | ]] | with axis powers against nla . after allies realised that chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the civil | ||
| 2 | central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to collaborate with | [[ | axis powers against nla . after allies realised that chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the civil population | ||
| 33738425 | 2 | by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against nla . after | the | allies realised that chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and | |
| 5 | [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against nla . after allies realised that chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to | the | resistance movement was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] | ||
| 18 | population , the serbs . this caused the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored | more | democratisation and | economic liberalization , to leave the congress in protest . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics elected | |
| 32 | . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early 1992 | ; | . large areas of the republic was at | this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb population there ( 35 % of bosnian population ) , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment among | |
| 39 | empower the majority population , the serbs . this caused the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , | who instead | favored more economic liberalization , to leave the congress in protest . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the | ||
| 43 | of bosnian population ) , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a yes vote in the referendum . | while everyone advocated that any decision had to be made with the consent of all the three nations , | the referendum was declared valid , the opinion of the serbs was ignored , and the republic ' s government declared its independence . the serbs immediately declared the independence of | ||
| 34241700 | 11 | under the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the | government held a national referendum on bosnian | independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 % {{ ref | malcolm }} , | |
| 12 | the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence | from yugoslavia . that | referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 % {{ ref | malcolm }} , however | ||
| 34508805 | 1 | had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] ( considered | a | terrorist organisation by , among others , serbian authorities , and the u . s . state department , which added it to its list of terrorist organisations ) which carried | |
| 35562548 | 0 | ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first | and yugoslavia | was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' |
| 36660567 | 1 | each republic and province had its own internal constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was a collective presidency | was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) | , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and | |
| 44222520 | 5 | [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ | eastern bloc | | eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation | |
| 44361382 | 3 | was tito as president ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important | role was one of the president of | were | the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the |
| 7 | each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and | after him there were republic and province | provincial | premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia | |
| 8 | central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , | plus | and | communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started | |
| 15 | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own | internal | constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was tito as president ( a collective presidency was formed after tito | ||
| 17 | , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president | of presidency | of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents | ||
| 46276607 | 0 | [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ | constitutionality | | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian | |
| 49267272 | 15 | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] had since 1986 been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , | which put it on a collision course | along | with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed suit . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened |
| 50649733 | 0 | nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . | although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . | this constitution , individual republics had a right to self - determination , including secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = | |
| 2 | of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right to | self - determination | western investment | , including secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in | |
| 51598172 | 6 | all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had become irreconciable . not a single important decision that might have eased the situation could be taken . | the | . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . economic crisis at the time only | |
| 7 | eased the situation could be taken . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . | was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the imf ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the yugoslav communist party , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards neoliberalism , to the delight of the us . it was the reagan administration which , in 1984 , had adopted " shock therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in 1981 , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with albania . in 1989 geoffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under ante markovic prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced in 1990 just | economic crisis at the time only made everything harder . as a result , serbian academy of sciences and arts drafted a memorandum addressing these issues . it said unless timely | ||
| 19 | , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - standing serbo - croat disputes , which had been suppressed under tito , no one knew what the future had in | store . | legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had | ||
| 21 | a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had become irreconciable . not a single important decision that might have eased the | situation could be taken | . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . economic crisis at the time only | ||
| 53085765 | 1 | and seeking confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory for the two main serbian parties . communists came third and croatian peasant party fourth . | the | newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant party prepared a draft constitution for a neutral peasant republic of croatia . | |
| 11 | and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany | , | fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . | ||
| 17 | supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against serb civilian population . for | a | every one soldier | killed soldier , germans executed 100 civilians , for a wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support | |
| 21 | for a wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on | its | guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 | ||
| 25 | the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against serb civilian population . for a killed | soldier | , germans executed 100 civilians , for a wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the nla | ||
| 54472252 | 0 | languages ]] , in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for | three | four | separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means |
| 54472293 | 0 | languages ]] , in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for | four | three | separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means |
| 54622007 | 1 | yugoslavia ' s break - up . but yugoslavia ' s constitutional principles did provide a key to its resolution for the constitution gave rights to nations of equal force to | the rights of | both nations and | republics . thus , under these criteria , the serb nationals in , say , croatia , were the subjects of national rights which could not be overridden by the will |
| 54749729 | 0 | [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the | pie | [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . macedonia | |
| 54853772 | 0 | [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the | pie | [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . macedonia | |
| 56069954 | 7 | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' | rulers | ' : ive always wanted to edit something | on the liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the |
| 8 | population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on | that site ' ' ' alyssa ' ' ' : edit ? ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : u can just go on wikipedia and click | the liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ | ||
| 56640106 | 0 | the constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had become | irreconciable | irreconcilable | . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . the collapse of yugoslavia was the |
| 56794062 | 2 | eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the | estimated | [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and | |
| 57059880 | 0 | was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in 1992 on the territory of the | two | remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and | |
| 57320182 | 9 | between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegran voters turned out for a special referrundum on the independence of | the montenagran republic | montenegro | from federal union with serbia . they voted 55 . 4 % for independence , recognized as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal |
| 11 | ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegran voters turned out for a special referrundum on the independence of the montenagran republic from federal union with serbia . they voted 55 . | 4 | 5 | % for independence , recognized as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 | |
| 59137642 | 7 | the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in slovenia and croatia to their electorates involved offering to repudiate the | markovic | marković | - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosevic in serbia was to the fact |
| 59611366 | 3 | [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . * the | second | ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' | was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) |
| 63135388 | 7 | [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as the ' ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the | ' | ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' . it is also known as the second yugoslavia . ethnic conflicts and the declaration of | |
| 63327901 | 18 | politicians opposed the new state right from the start . the croatian peasants ' party ( hss ) slowly grew to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking | a | confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory for the two main serbian parties . communists came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly | |
| 23 | slowly grew to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory for the two main serbian | ]] | parties . communists came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant party | ||
| 53 | montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , including stjepan radić , who eventually died . following this , king aleksandar i | ]] | banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance | ||
| 57 | power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy | ]] | and germany , fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by | ||
| 58 | and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and | [[ | germany , fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar | ||
| 59 | renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany | ]] | , fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i | ||
| 60 | the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany , | [[ fascism | | fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . | ||
| 64 | separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany , fascists and nazis rose to power , and | [[ joseph | stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to | ||
| 66 | however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany , fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the | [[ | soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world | ||
| 78 | of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . | = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = | the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the totalitarian regimes and by the certainty that | ||
| 79 | headed by his cousin prince paul . the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the | [[ totalitarianism | | totalitarian regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by | ||
| 81 | totalitarian regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by | [[ italian fascism | | fascist italy and nazi germany , croatian leader vlatko macek and his party managed the creation of the croatian banovina ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that | ||
| 95 | army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old king peter full powers . | = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = | [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where mussolini had previously been | ||
| 63330276 | 1 | launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = | {{ | [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6th ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | |
| 16 | the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the | [[ catholicism | | catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and | ||
| 17 | [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic | ]] [[ fascism | | fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina | ||
| 26 | nationalistic royalist guerilla army led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king | ) | , | joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croat ]] - [[ slovenian | |
| 63331191 | 1 | constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six | constituent | socialist | republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro |
| 5 | | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the | federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . | republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ | ||
| 63517403 | 4 | nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . | = = = the economy = = = | although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however | |
| 23 | suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater | croatian | [[ croatia ]] n | autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution | |
| 26 | of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . = = = ethnic tensions and | the | economic crisis = = = the post - world war two yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against | ||
| 46 | capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the | [[ international monetary fund | | imf ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the yugoslav communist party , allied to | ||
| 52 | within the yugoslav communist party , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards neoliberalism , to the delight of the us . it was the | [[ ronald | reagan administration which , in 1984 , had adopted " shock therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of | ||
| 95 | and ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosević in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . these | [[ nationalism | | nationalist appeals were ultimately successful : in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in | ||
| 99 | whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and | [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | | communist party became increasingly paralysed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify - date | june 2006 }} after | ||
| 63521475 | 1 | thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify - date | june 2006 }} after tito ' s death in 1980 | ]] | , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless | |
| 2 | into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify - date | june 2006 }} after tito ' s death in 1980 , | [[ | ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as | ||
| 4 | {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify - date | june 2006 }} after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the | [[ | constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had become irreconcilable | ||
| 11 | . this was then used by social groups in yugoslavia and in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . some | [[ europe | | european governments actually had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of east central europe at that | ||
| 12 | this was then used by social groups in yugoslavia and in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . some european | ]] | governments actually had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of east central europe at that time | ||
| 22 | states eager to gain independence for slovenia and croatia ; on the other side was the united states , eager to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and | ' | " | globalised ' its political economy through shock therapy in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . the forces eager to see the break - | |
| 23 | to gain independence for slovenia and croatia ; on the other side was the united states , eager to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and ' globalised | ' | " | its political economy through shock therapy in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . the forces eager to see the break - up of | |
| 41 | that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did not stop austrian efforts . the hungarian | ]] | government of jozef antall , elected in the spring of 1990 , adopted a policy very much in line with that of austria , but with additional hungarian goals vis a | ||
| 48 | additional hungarian goals vis a vis serbia ' s vojvodina province . these manoeuvres by austria and hungary to break up yugoslavia were , of course , then overshadowed by the | [[ germany | | german government ' s drive to derecognise yugoslavia through giving recognition to slovenia and croatia . the german government ' s open championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did | ||
| 58 | flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the | [[ | 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s | ||
| 59 | which helped to generate the collapse . many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 | ]] | constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority | ||
| 66 | dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . during 1980s , serbian academy of sciences and arts | ]] | drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of serbs as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia had | ||
| 69 | serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian | [[ hegemony | | hegemonism . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . | ||
| 77 | turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the | [[ yugoslav people ' s army | | federal army was ordered by yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . | ||
| 90 | serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights " , the serbs were stripped of their | [[ nation | | national and constitutional rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( | ||
| 91 | and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights " , the serbs were stripped of their national | ]] | and constitutional rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known | ||
| 92 | montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights " , the serbs were stripped of their national and | [[ constitution | | constitutional rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later | ||
| 121 | an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose | [[ | confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs | ||
| 122 | escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation | ]] | of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should | ||
| 144 | the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( | ' ' | see [[ imoro ]] ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ | ||
| 149 | heard and the troops were seen falling down . slovenia was accused of shooting them , which was later proven a farce , since all three soldiers are still alive . | more information is available under [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia article . | ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three | ||
| 65111870 | 5 | was then used by social groups in yugoslavia and in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . some [[ europe | | european | ]] governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] | |
| 65148286 | 0 | was then used by social groups in yugoslavia and in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . some [[ europe | | european | ]] n governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east | |
| 1 | then used by social groups in yugoslavia and in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . some [[ europe ]] | n | governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ | ||
| 66706309 | 1 | , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this was the first known war crime in the | yugoslav wars | incident | . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a |
| 68011126 | 6 | ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three separate | but successive | political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land | |
| 71228434 | 0 | of yugoslavia ]] = = = at 5 : 15 a . m . on [[ april 6th ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ | italian | fascism in italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and | |
| 71228578 | 1 | party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in [[ november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main [[ serbian | ]] | parties . [[ communism | communists ]] came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , | |
| 80305420 | 9 | each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and | ( less frequently ) | germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life | |
| 80313028 | 13 | ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the | regime | government | stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal |
| 25 | yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong | so - called | social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ | ||
| 80313856 | 9 | - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations hiding behind slogans about " greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the | government | regime | stifled the public protest , which was led by defeated ustaše , known nazist collaborators during the wwii , and arrested the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the |
| 22 | when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations hiding behind slogans about " greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the government stifled the public protest | , which was led by defeated ustaše , known nazist collaborators during the wwii , | and arrested the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , as many of them were infiltraed perpetrators ( as the exodus of " | ||
| 30 | as it would have been expected from a capitalist system , determined to end the successful growth of its worst enemy - successful and democratically superior communism . simultaneously , strong | so - called | social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , this time openly allied to western business , banking and state interests and began | ||
| 80382137 | 5 | in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . the collapse of yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . | ]] | the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . the collapse of yugoslavia was the result | |
| 17 | , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on [[ june 25th ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare | illegal | [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of | ||
| 19 | [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their | illegal | independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war | ||
| 25 | albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . | the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had become irreconcilable . | the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . the collapse of yugoslavia was the result | ||
| 80538911 | 0 | feared that serbia would simply annex the former habsburg territories where there was serbian population present , but the territory was percieved to be theirs . this fear was strongest in | croat | croatian | political circles , as large parts of what they thought to be hrvatska ( croatia , as commonly albeit incorrectly called abroad ) was home to large serbian population . the |
| 80540551 | 4 | endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in [[ november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main serbian parties . | jugoslavia - oriented | [[ communism | communists ]] came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian | |
| 80541881 | 7 | [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war | elections | independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal | |
| 8 | tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent | and established | [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic | ||
| 80542773 | 3 | it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the | spirit of | west , did mean | pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ |
| 80543661 | 2 | of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for | " | greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently | |
| 80544003 | 2 | , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations , supported heavilly by the west , for " greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the | regime | government | stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party , already corrupted and secretly financially supported by imperialist governments from the west , |
| 80546176 | 6 | shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the | state | society | : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ |
| 9 | in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest and where the | , then inevitable , | economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image : ante marković | ||
| 13 | which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation | , looking really for a justification for their own unsuccesful capitalist economies , hidden under the false " growth " and " prosperity " which did not really existed but in a couple of countries , such as sweden , which ironically were developing capitalist version of democratic socialism | . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to the republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government | ||
| 80546909 | 0 | among the masses of poor and uneducated , mainly peasants , the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a | large | massive | party claiming to endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation , in order to grab as much land for future hrvatska ( croatia ) as possible , disregarding the actual |
| 17 | ]] , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia | refused russian model | allowed a certain amount | of " socialism " and begun rebuilding the country on principles of democratic marxist socialism . that , to the surprise in the west , did mean pluralism and open economy | |
| 19 | her industrial base , yugoslavia refused russian model of " socialism " and begun rebuilding the country on principles of democratic marxist socialism . that , to the surprise in the | west , did mean | spirit of | pluralism and open economy . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise , as it allowed infiltration of western spies and | |
| 27 | proposal to push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration " that resulted in a dissolution in horrific war that followed . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the | society | state | : the socialist link between the economy and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 | |
| 35 | - up of people living in these territories . the elections for the constituent assembly in [[ november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main serbian parties . | jugoslavia - oriented | [[ communism | communists ]] came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian | ||
| 37 | led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in | the first free | post - war elections independent and established [[ communism | communist ]] republic , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' | ||
| 39 | ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in the first free post - war elections independent | and established | [[ communism | communist ]] republic , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic | ||
| 49 | - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations , supported heavilly by the west , for | " | greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the government stifled the destabilising and unfounded protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in | ||
| 59 | , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest , due to the enormous influx of " refugees " from albania , and where the | , then inevitable , | economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image : ante marković | ||
| 63 | many so - called " economic experts " in the west would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation | , looking really for a justification for their own unsuccesful capitalist economies , hidden under the false " growth " and " prosperity " which did not really existed but in a couple of countries , such as sweden , which ironically were developing capitalist version of democratic socialism | . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to the republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government | ||
| 80966897 | 0 | and free themselves of tyranies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent | croatian | intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the nineteenth century , mainly because of the harsh policies against | |
| 81012497 | 0 | was a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who realised that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom was to unite and free themselves of | tyranies | tyrannies | and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around |
| 82273156 | 0 | ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the | three | eight | separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of |
| 82273686 | 0 | ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the | eight | seven | separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of |
| 82327591 | 0 | ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the | seven | three | separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of |
| 82799705 | 0 | ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous | errors by yugoslav | terrorist economic policies of the us and other western capitalist regimes in the 1970s , who encouraged jugoslav | governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a |
| 5 | the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , | strong | various | social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ | |
| 82800045 | 0 | would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many | would argue | of those west - leaning groups in the government and commujnist alliance , were effectively us - paid spies working tirelessly on spreading confusion and making disastrous decisions | that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had |
| 1 | , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue that | had led to | the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given | ||
| 2 | of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue that the | decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation | collapse of the system eventually | . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to the republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government | |
| 3 | helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . | then , | the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to the republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . | ||
| 4 | socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to | the | all | republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the | |
| 82813167 | 1 | ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous | terrorist economic policies of the us and other western capitalist regimes in the 1970s , who encouraged jugoslav | errors by yugoslav | governments into borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered one of many false recessions so prevalent in capitalism , blocked |
| 5 | was then forced to accept the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , | various | strong | social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ | |
| 13 | disastrous decisions that had led to the collapse of the system eventually . then , the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to | all | the | republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government , and weakening serbia . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 | |
| 19 | government and commujnist alliance , were effectively us - paid spies working tirelessly on spreading confusion and making disastrous decisions that had led to the collapse of the system eventually . | then , | the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to all republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government , | ||
| 83667331 | 2 | [[ chetniks ]] ( ' ' četnici ' ' known for their war crimes and atrocities against non - orthodox population , croatians , muslims etc . ) , a serb | - composed nationalistic fasicst | , | royalist guerilla army led by convicted war criminal [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . but very shortly after the begining of war chetniks started to collaborate |
| 14 | collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nvo , the allies eventually switched to support the nvo . however , nvo carried on its guerrilla warfare . | germans , italians , ustaše and četnici joined their forces against the nvo and that led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . | the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by | ||
| 83862003 | 4 | ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the | [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes | three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land | |
| 13 | only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' was a [[ | socialism | | socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945 ]] as the succesor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia . it existed | ||
| 16 | established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945 ]] as the succesor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia . it existed under various names | . proclaimed as | , including | the ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' in [[ 1943 ]] . it changed its name to the ' ' federal people ' s republic of | |
| 84299894 | 3 | federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( 1992 ) was a [[ federation ]] on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining | how | republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 | |
| 84305972 | 5 | federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( 1992 ) was a [[ federation ]] on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining | how | republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on when [[ february | |
| 85057086 | 0 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six socialist republics , | and two | a | socialist autonomous provinces that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : # socialist republic |
| 87847188 | 76 | make it look like it was crumbling under its own problems . economy and the political system , being socialist one , were the great excuses for imperialist capitalism . the | [[ | 1974 ]] constitution , though better for the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of | |
| 91185843 | 0 | ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes | three | four | separate political entities that existed on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' |
| 91986037 | 17 | survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be | a | constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of | |
| 22 | insisted on their own republic or sort of independence , then serbia would simply take areas inhabited by the serbs and already occupied by the serbian army . after much debate | , | the national council agreed to unification with serbia , although its declaration stated that the final organization of the state should be left to the future constituent assembly . the most | ||
| 24 | he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , | where | [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became the absolute ruler in the [[ soviet union | ||
| 25 | power changed in international relations : in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and | the [[ soviet union ]] , where | [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became the absolute ruler in the [[ soviet union ]] . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in | ||
| 26 | [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became the absolute ruler in the [[ soviet union ]] . none of these three | states | regimes | favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined | |
| 31 | intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against | any | freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger | ||
| 92434733 | 1 | ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four | separate | political entities that existed on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | |
| 98746734 | 2 | of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests , fueled and icited by external supporters of the break - up between the republics , had become irreconcilable | . | the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . in the summer of 1991 the [[ | |
| 4 | , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare | illegal | [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian people ' s defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ | ||
| 5 | in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created the their own | illegal | state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under | ||
| 98954754 | 10 | would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia as to devolve power even more | power | to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was | |
| 101068997 | 1 | after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the | president | general secretary | of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist |
| 101441759 | 0 | part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . | during this time croatia along with bosnian muslims created concentration camps for serbs , roma , and jews , one of the most famous being [[ jasenovac ]] . estimates point that up to 800 , 000 men , women and children were executed in these camps , most of whom were serbs . croatia , nazis and vatican had a plan to kill a third of serbs , convert a third , and ethnically cleanse the last third . | = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movement . those inclined | |
| 101445916 | 6 | children were executed in these camps , most of whom were serbs . croatia , nazis and vatican had a plan to kill a third of serbs , convert a third | to catholicism | , and ethnically cleanse the last third . = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | | |
| 102669832 | 1 | at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . = = = the | independent state of croatia = = = {{ main | independent state of croatia }} [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma people | gypsies ]] were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . ]] the [[ | axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | |
| 5 | the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the | [[ | catholicism | catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until | ||
| 6 | ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic | ]] [[ | fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied | ||
| 102992475 | 0 | were taken prisoners . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the | [[ | catholicism | catholic fascism | fascist militia known as the ustaše that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied | |
| 1 | . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholicism | catholic | ]] [[ | fascism | fascist militia known as the ustaše that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina | ||
| 105959469 | 2 | on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the | fartnoxers | [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; | |
| 105959810 | 2 | on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was pooped on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the | fartnoxers | [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; | |
| 107135877 | 0 | and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = | southern slavic | state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers | |
| 107136022 | 0 | and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = | southern slavic | state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers | |
| 107220473 | 14 | milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which the republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . | milošević succeded in reducing | the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as | |
| 35 | [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in | the | state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , | ||
| 37 | 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian people ' s defence ( | ' ' teritorialna obramba ' ' , a | paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ | ||
| 50 | serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia had been dispossessed of its attributes of statehood by the | new | 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government could | ||
| 58 | of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the | slovenian | territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed on . in the | ||
| 59 | [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their | illegal | independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war | ||
| 107864960 | 0 | kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] | contributed significantly to the rise of serbian nationalism , as it | drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia | |
| 21 | of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to | several reasons , among them being the | ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . less than a hundred years before , it was | ||
| 107899114 | 5 | the [[ serbs ]] were leaving kosovo for about a century , mostly they moved north for economic reasons . but now , their numbers were falling even faster due to | several reasons , among them being the | ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population of the province . less than a hundred years before | |
| 23 | kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] | contributed significantly to the rise of serbian nationalism , as it | drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the | ||
| 110042365 | 4 | intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against | ' ' ' | freedom movements among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin | |
| 110043742 | 5 | intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against | ' ' ' | freedom movements < / math > ]] ttoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the | |
| 110342951 | 1 | , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ firstly , it is important to note that yugoslavia is largly regarded as a | concept symbolizing the fall | state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product | of communism . it is often believed that the place yugoslavia is modern reference to the agent city of atlantis . there have been numerous arch . excavations to support such |
| 115312273 | 0 | an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . | hi my name is bob | the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic | |
| 115312397 | 0 | an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . | hi my name is bob | the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic | |
| 115465480 | 3 | and ethnic ties = = = similarity of the languages and long history of common life have left many ties between the peoples of the new states , even though the | individual | state policies of the new states favours differentiation , particularly in the language area . once the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several | |
| 115750122 | 1 | occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon | restrained from taking wider actions due | started | to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the |
| 118460592 | 0 | latinic ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes | four | three | political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom |
| 119688803 | 0 | only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against freedom movements among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the | [[ | ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg | |
| 124000203 | 0 | taken prisoners . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ | catholicism | catholic ]] [[ | fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the ustaše that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and | |
| 125725649 | 5 | surrounded by slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 ]] although in 1915 the | serbian | jewish | assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee |
| 13 | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king alexander i ]] banned national | political | jew | parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon | |
| 125729057 | 3 | surrounded by slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 ]] although in 1915 the | jewish | serbian | assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee |
| 14 | = = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king jewsi ]] banned national jew parties in 1929 , assumed jewish power and renamed the country jewgoslavia . | jews | he | hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other european powers due to developments in | |
| 125863620 | 0 | i of yugoslavia | king alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and | fuck your mother | mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other european powers due to developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany | |
| 125863690 | 0 | i of yugoslavia | king alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and | fuck your mother | mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other european powers due to developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany | |
| 127641711 | 0 | gypsies and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . | according to mile budak , croatia planned to kill a third of the serbs , convert a third to catholicism , and ethnically cleanse ( expel ) the last third . | = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movement . those inclined | |
| 131419480 | 2 | system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted | in a | rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia | |
| 134919978 | 8 | the war was over . in may 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | | austrian | ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ italians ]] . however , the nla | |
| 9 | [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the [[ nazis ]] made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use [[ croatia | | croatian | ]] [[ fascism ]] for barbarous acts against the serbs and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some elements | ||
| 12 | favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | | national | ]] and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of | ||
| 135158463 | 0 | three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . | there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army - houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana - zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport . | ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three | |
| 1 | in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the | police | forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone | ||
| 141665990 | 2 | now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry officially had three official languages along with | minority | languages of the minorities which were official in places where the minority lived but in all federal organ only serbo - croatian was used and it was expected from others to | |
| 3 | , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry officially had three official languages along with languages | of the | official where | minorities which were official in places where the minority lived but in all federal organ only serbo - croatian was used and it was expected from others to use it also | |
| 142795804 | 0 | gypsies and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . | s | = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] unorganized resistance movement . those inclined | |
| 142995905 | 0 | and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts that the federation is under | attach | attack | by foreign forces , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on the ground where they served their conscription , the slovene |
| 143540521 | 0 | gypsies and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . | s | = | = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] unorganized resistance movement . those inclined |
| 150932203 | 14 | a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojadinović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg | | habsburg ]] [[ austro - hungarian | empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london | |
| 51 | italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with a promise of substantial territorial gains in | exchange . according to the secret | [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , which had substantial numbers of italians living in the coastal cities surrounded by slavs . [[ image | ||
| 155255391 | 1 | of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue that the | decentralised | decentralized | market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power |
| 157503671 | 1 | = = changes in yugoslavian religious demographics = = = yugoslavia is home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation | . of the many religions , islam , catholicism , judaism and protestantism as well as various orthodox faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all | . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population was | |
| 3 | yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population was deeply involved with their religion | and practices | . with postwar government programs of modernization and urbanization , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . < ref > [ http : / / atheism . about | ||
| 157504208 | 2 | = yugoslavia has always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , | [[ | islam , catholicism , judaism and protestantism as well as various orthodox faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have | |
| 3 | yugoslavia has always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam | ]] | , catholicism , judaism and protestantism as well as various orthodox faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed | ||
| 4 | has always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , | [[ | catholicism , judaism and protestantism as well as various orthodox faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically | ||
| 5 | always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , catholicism | ]] | , judaism and protestantism as well as various orthodox faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since | ||
| 6 | been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , catholicism , | [[ | judaism and protestantism as well as various orthodox faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world | ||
| 7 | a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , catholicism , judaism | ]] | and protestantism as well as various orthodox faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war | ||
| 8 | home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , catholicism , judaism and | [[ | protestantism as well as various orthodox faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii | ||
| 14 | connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post - war communist government ' s policies on national unity and state structure . after the rise of | [[ | communism , a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the total population of yugoslavia considered themselves to be religious believers . the places of highest religious | ||
| 158242560 | 5 | and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when macedonia | ]] | declared independence * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 | |
| 160502277 | 8 | - state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the ustaše that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until | [[ | 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of serbia and slovenia , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy | |
| 9 | state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the ustaše that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 | ]] . a [[ serbia ( 1941 - 1944 ) | serbian state ]] was also established as another puppet state | . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of serbia and slovenia , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy . | ||
| 160502817 | 2 | than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a | [[ | nazi [[ puppet state ]] , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in [[ 1929 ]] , but | |
| 3 | three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi | ]] | [[ puppet state ]] , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in [[ 1929 ]] , but was | ||
| 165059312 | 3 | for christian [[ serbs ]] would make them into useful allies . however , they did little more than slaughter innocent serbian civilians , and surrendered at first signs of the | soviet and vmo liberation of yugoslavia < ref > | it . | the ss , hitler ' s instrument of terror . gordon williamson < / ref > . by the end of the april 1941 , [[ independent state of croatia ]] |
| 5 | in [[ southern europe ]] . between 300 , 000 and 700 , 000 people perished in this [[ genocide | jasenovac concentration camp ]] ( supervised directly by the [[ | croatian | ustasha regime | ]] wartime politicians such as [[ ante pavelic ]] ) ; the victims were overwhelmingly of [[ serbs | serbian origin ]] , but also 40 , 000 [[ roma ]] | |
| 165059895 | 0 | - war propaganda claimed that between 300 , 000 and 700 , 000 people perished in this [[ genocide | jasenovac concentration camp ]] ( supervised directly by the [[ ustasha | regime | ]] wartime politicians such as [[ ante pavelic ]] ) ; the victims being overwhelmingly of [[ serbs | serbian origin ]] , but also 40 , 000 [[ roma ]] | |
| 166023350 | 2 | were also recruited by germany . the germans proposed that the bosnians dislike of christian would make them into useful allies . however , little advantage came of the it . | < ref > | the ss , hitler ' s instrument of terror . gordon williamson < / ref > . by the end of the april 1941 , [[ independent state of croatia ]] | |
| 166739641 | 0 | nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . | = = = the economy = = = {{ main | economy of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} although rigorously socialist in developing its industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise {{ fact | date = september 2007 }} . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the 1960s and 1970s , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years . the state provided housing , health care , education , and child care . citizens lived well on a per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in 1980 dollars ) , with one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society . | = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . | |
| 173045831 | 0 | | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] , or literary ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes | three | dthree | political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the six countries that were once part |
| 173045980 | 0 | | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] , or literary ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes | dthree | three | political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the six countries that were once part |
| 175758196 | 0 | ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul | ' s ass | submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia | |
| 175758463 | 2 | ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul | ' s ass | submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia | |
| 183749409 | 1 | yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and it ' s army capitulated eleven days later . the | legitimate | royal government in exile was recognized and supported by allied forces . in 1943 , the new country called democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed . the kingdom was officially abolished in | |
| 184057204 | 0 | yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and it ' s army capitulated eleven days later . the | legal | royal government in exile was recognized and supported by allied forces . in 1943 , the new country called democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed . the kingdom was officially abolished in | |
| 1 | [[ axis powers ]] and it ' s army capitulated eleven days later . the royal government in exile was recognized and supported by allied forces . in 1943 , the | communist led resistance movement proclaimed a | new country called democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' | ||
| 184062418 | 11 | by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . | a [[ serbia ( 1941 - 1944 ) | serbian state ]] was also established as another puppet state . | german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts | |
| 186368893 | 2 | new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in [[ 1946 ]] and the country was renamed to federal people ' s republic of | yugoslavia | yugosusckia | . the parliamentary democracy was suspended and communist state was established . in 1963 , the country was renamed again to ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] |
| 186370192 | 2 | new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in [[ 1946 ]] and the country was renamed to federal people ' s republic of | yugosusckia | yugoslavia | . the parliamentary democracy was suspended and communist state was established . in 1963 , the country was renamed again to ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] |
| 192040971 | 0 | kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in [[ 1946 ]] , the country was renamed to federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia . the parliamentary democracy was suspended and | a | communist state was established . in 1963 , the country was renamed again to ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry ) . | |
| 192073726 | 10 | 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in exile was recognized and supported by | [[ allies of world war ii | | allied forces . in 1943 , the communist led resistance movement proclaimed a new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in [[ 1946 | |
| 192075557 | 22 | 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in exile was recognised and supported by | [[ allies of world war ii | | allied forces ]] . in 1943 , the communist - led resistance movement proclaimed a new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in | |
| 194708763 | 0 | who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew ]] ish and [[ roma people | roma ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ | collaboration | collaborationism | | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' |
| 195260112 | 3 | those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a multiethnic , though largely serb | , | royalist guerilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( | |
| 199227355 | 1 | croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . republic of macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining | three | four | republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since [[ january |
| 200576067 | 0 | province of serbia is a partially recognized state after it also declared its independence in 2008 but was not a socialist republic of the former yugoslavia it had the status of | a | an | socialist autonomous province within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 |
| 200576269 | 0 | province of serbia is a partially recognized state after it also declared its independence in 2008 but was not a socialist republic of the former yugoslavia it had the status of | an | a | socialist autonomous province within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 |
| 200599214 | 6 | | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] formerly an autonomous province of serbia is a partially recognized state | after it also | which | declared its independence in 2008 but was not a socialist republic of the former yugoslavia , it had the status of a socialist autonomous province within serbia along with [[ vojvodina |
| 7 | [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] formerly an autonomous province of serbia is a partially recognized state after it also declared its independence in 2008 | but | . it | was not a socialist republic of the former yugoslavia , it had the status of a socialist autonomous province within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] . the ' ' ' | |
| 203556024 | 15 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | former | constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , now independent states , are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro | |
| 204772008 | 0 | - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 230px | right | map of yugoslavia in [[ 1919 ]] showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war | ii | i | ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo | rapallo |
| 204970176 | 0 | 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in exile was recognized and supported by allied forces . in | 1943 | ' ' ' [[ ' ' = = 1942 = = ' ' ]] ' ' ' | , the communist led resistance movement proclaimed a new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in [[ 1956 ]] , the country was |
| 204999541 | 0 | 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in exile was recognized and supported by allied forces . in | ' ' ' [[ ' ' = = 1942 = = ' ' ]] ' ' ' | 1943 | , the communist led resistance movement proclaimed a new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in [[ 1956 ]] , the country was |
| 206784715 | 0 | genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . | many | few | politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . |
| 206785833 | 4 | genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . | few | many | politicians were man handled or kept under tight cages . the effect of alexander ' s fatness was to further kill the illegal aliens from the idea of unity . the |
| 206801668 | 7 | genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . | many | many | politicians were man handled or kept under tight cages . the effect of alexander ' s fatness was to further kill the illegal aliens from the idea of unity . the |
| 206808719 | 6 | [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the | first country by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " . it was established on [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and due to the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country by this name was " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in 1943 by the communist resistance movement in world war ii . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1956 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( sfry ) . the | constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia | |
| 29 | june 5 ]] [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , | [[ republic of | kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act not recognized by [[ serbia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of | ||
| 206809460 | 7 | 1941 , and due to the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country by this name was " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in | [[ | 1943 by the communist resistance movement in world war ii . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1956 , when a communist | |
| 8 | , and due to the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country by this name was " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in 1943 | ]] | by the communist resistance movement in world war ii . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1956 , when a communist government | ||
| 9 | due to the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country by this name was " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in 1943 by the | [[ | communist resistance movement in world war ii . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1956 , when a communist government was established | ||
| 16 | of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr macedonia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the | [[ | secession of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name was the " [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( fry ) | ||
| 206813758 | 0 | were : [[ sr slovenia ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the | [[ autonymy | | autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr macedonia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which | |
| 206814404 | 0 | : [[ sr slovenia ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ | autonymy | autonomy | | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ socialist |
| 210757366 | 13 | the joint concern of the [[ soviet union | ussr ]] and the [[ united states | usa ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the | frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe | right to separate from yugoslavia | . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . |
| 14 | ]] and the [[ united states | usa ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . | the | an | economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies | |
| 212538131 | 0 | dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by | 22 | 40 | governments . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ |
| 214002102 | 0 | dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by | 40 | 41 | governments . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ |
| 215130529 | 0 | was the unification of the south slav lands with the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which was independent although occupied at the time ) . with the defeat of the | pie king | [[ central powers ]] in world war i and the collapse of the austro - hungarian empire , various south slavic territories were quickly botched together to form the kingdom of | |
| 215130545 | 0 | was the unification of the south slav lands with the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which was independent although occupied at the time ) . with the defeat of the | pie king | [[ central powers ]] in world war i and the collapse of the ( pie queen ) austro - hungarian empire , various south slavic apple pie territories were quickly botched | |
| 215131412 | 2 | of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . | pie rocks ! | the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] [[ puppet state ]] , ruled by | |
| 215131433 | 4 | of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand pie officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . | pie rocks ! | the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up like my nose . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] [[ puppet state ]] | |
| 216746556 | 2 | . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions | due to | because of | german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human |
| 216850189 | 4 | kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , un | ]] | and nato administration arrived in kosovo * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 | |
| 5 | liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , un and | [[ | nato administration arrived in kosovo * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] | ||
| 219529741 | 3 | , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the country with this name was " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in [[ 1943 | ]] | by the [[ communist ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in [[ 1946 | |
| 5 | by the [[ communist ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in [[ 1946 | ]] | , when a communist government was established . in [[ 1963 ]] , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( sfry ) | ||
| 227300117 | 0 | dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by | 41 | 43 | governments . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ |
| 231803887 | 14 | the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ | communist | yugoslav partisans | ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1946 , when a communist government |
| 40 | and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , it was renamed to the | " | [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] " , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ | ||
| 231804261 | 1 | june 1961 . ]] during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' | rulers on | in control of | the liberated territories , and the nov organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ |
| 231804913 | 8 | king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the | power in post - war | new | independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia |
| 231807278 | 19 | too high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . | most notable of | the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir zerjavic ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by | |
| 20 | high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the | victories against the occupying forces we the battles of | [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir zerjavic ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by the | ||
| 23 | war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] | loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir zerjavic ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by the | and | [[ united nations ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and | |
| 231810308 | 29 | yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government = = = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist | |||
| 236663086 | 0 | it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by | 43 | 46 | governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade |
| 241739997 | 12 | into combat with the partisans . before the end of the war , the chetnik movement would complete the single largest evacuation of american forces behind enemy lines . the [[ | chetniks and | yugoslav | partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation |
| 243549424 | 2 | of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander iv of fugoslavia | alexander | iv | i | ]] banned national political parties in 1529 , assumed executive power and renamed the country fugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist assions . however , alexander |
| 244382178 | 0 | it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by | 46 | 50 | governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade |
| 244471549 | 0 | - time division of the country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ | ustashe | ustaše | ]] which committed genocide against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs . while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and |
| 246981845 | 2 | world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time | when | the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme | |
| 246982301 | 1 | were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall | , | and | social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = |
| 246983138 | 1 | his yugoslavism with the imf " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the | north west | northwest | and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in [[ slovenia ]] and croatia to their electorates involved offering to repudiate the marković - imf austerity |
| 2 | serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in [[ slovenia ]] and croatia to their electorates involved offering to repudiate the marković - imf austerity and by doing so | help | helping | their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and " join europe " . the appeal of milošević in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the | |
| 247526296 | 14 | and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon encountered opposition from other [[ europe ]] an powers stemming from developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany | ]] | , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] | |
| 20 | ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece | ]] | where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which | ||
| 247935764 | 5 | , 1919 . png | thumb | 200px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the | treaties | kingdom | of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo ]] ]] |
| 7 | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | | neuilly | flag | ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 200px | |
| 41 | [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 200px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of | world war i ]] before | the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo | ||
| 45 | power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . | = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = | [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] | ||
| 46 | stjepan " stevo " filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) seconds before plunging to his death . ]] | [[ image : dfy coat of arms . gif | 200px | thumb | right | the coat of arms of the [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] . ]] {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} | = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ | ||
| 249673439 | 0 | it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by | 50 | 52 | governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade |
| 251007548 | 2 | and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the | bih | b & h | and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the federal court |
| 251363174 | 4 | and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the | b & h | bih | and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the federal court |
| 251644574 | 2 | , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , # [[ socialist autonomous province of kosova , with the capital in [[ prishtina | ]] # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina , with the capital in [[ novi sad | ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for | |
| 255553089 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of | yugoslavia | yugoslobia | | federal abomination of yugoslobia | federal abomination of yugoslobia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known |
| 255553113 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of | yugoslobia | yugoslavia | | federal abomination of yugoslobia | federal abomination of yugoslobia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known |
| 1 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslobia | | socialist | federal abomination of yugoslobia | federal abomination of yugoslobia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as | ||
| 3 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslobia | federal abomination of | yugoslobia | yugoslavia | | federal abomination of yugoslobia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslobia . the precise | |
| 256885073 | 0 | , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] | weener | banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' | |
| 256900928 | 0 | , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] | weener | banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' | |
| 259633189 | 4 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = | the | government = = = on 7 april 1963 the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was | |
| 275243935 | 1 | membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > . montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 . | com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] < / ref > . | the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various | |
| 275273607 | 0 | still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ | south slavs | south slavic | pie | ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with |
| 275273894 | 0 | , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all | [[ pie ]] | [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with the | |
| 275700448 | 0 | , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all | [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] | [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with the | |
| 277775145 | 0 | this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the | federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , | fede they had nukes and wanted to kill the america | when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest |
| 277775883 | 0 | this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the | fede they had nukes and wanted to kill the america | federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , | when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest |
| 279272883 | 2 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ | alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after | rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea | |
| 279273471 | 2 | rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ | alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after | rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea | |
| 280271362 | 0 | and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased | greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the | greatlypussy fucen rulesthe | partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by |
| 280309997 | 0 | and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased | greatlypussy fucen rulesthe | greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the | partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by |
| 284695040 | 10 | this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent | ) . the kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist republics that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] | |
| 14 | ]] ) and [[ sr slovenia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the | republic ' s | slovenia ]] and [[ sr | constituent entities . the last country to bear the name was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on march 27 , 1992 . it was a | |
| 31 | constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six | socialist | people ' s | republics , a socialist autonomous province , and a socialist autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were | |
| 35 | aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . | yugoslavia solved the national issue or nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had same rights , the right to use ones own flags , defaced with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton | the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' | ||
| 284882683 | 0 | finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after | the | intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . yugoslavia solved the national issue or nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had | |
| 286513071 | 0 | it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by | 52 | 58 | governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade |
| 290911948 | 0 | also equal members of the federation ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the | countries | country ' s | constituent entities . the last country to bear the name was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on march 27 , 1992 . it was a |
| 291205359 | 0 | it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by | 58 | 60 | governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade |
| 292035709 | 1 | yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of | macedonia ]] | yugoslavia | declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day |
| 300031638 | 1 | effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned , | in the internal matters the state was a police one , | communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] | |
| 310373520 | 1 | yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent eight socialist republics and | two | socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro | |
| 312074340 | 2 | = = approaching the breakup = = = in experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though whilst dampening the institutional and material | power | powers | of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | |
| 313663539 | 5 | the two of the union but as the year passed other republics communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation | - | – | serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards |
| 319569174 | 7 | ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the | disaramament | disarmament | of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting |
| 8 | 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of | mps | mp ' s | , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace | |
| 9 | remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of | yugonostalgia | yugo - nostalgia | refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] | |
| 319589909 | 6 | ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the | disarmament | disaramament | of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting |
| 8 | 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of | mp ' s | mps | , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace | |
| 9 | remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of | yugo - nostalgia | yugonostalgia | refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] | |
| 319701637 | 7 | ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the | disaramament | disarmament | of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting |
| 8 | 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of | mps | mp ' s | , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace | |
| 9 | remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of | yugonostalgia | yugo - nostalgia | refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] | |
| 319852932 | 6 | ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the | disarmament | disaramament | of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting |
| 8 | 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of | mp ' s | mps | , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace | |
| 9 | remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of | yugo - nostalgia | yugonostalgia | refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] | |
| 321386246 | 0 | ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] | = = serbian pro german sentiments = = pro - axis support of the serbian controlled yugoslav government moved prince paul of yugoslavia gradually away from france and toward germany . in 1936 hitler decided to endorse the government of premier milan stojadinovic . in 1937 stojadinovic had visited mussolini and introduced the nazi salute . after taking the title vodja ( fuhrer ) prince paul dismissed stojadinovic and replaced him with dragisa cvetkovic who cherished similar pro - axis foreign policy but with fewer fascist attributes . prince paul considered germany as the only power able to uphold the artificial state of yugoslavia and he undertook secret talks with top nazi officials in december 1939 . yugoslavia became part of the axis on march 24 , 1941 . the only member of the government who refused to sign the " pact of steel " joining the axis was the croatian minister , vladko macek of the croatian peasant party . after the signing cvetkovic assured hitler that yugoslavia " . . . would be ready to cooperate with germany in every way . " in fact , paul had been cooperating since 1939 with mass arrests of jews , strict racial laws , and the prohibition of trade unions . in 1940 , laws had been passed classifying the types of businesses which jews could own , direct , or work in and severely limiting educational access for jews . a secret protocol was attached to the axis pact which promised yugoslavia access to the aegean sea at the expense of greece in the new order . - - [ 2 ] - - [[ user : vatroslav1937 | vatroslav1937 ]] ( [[ user talk : vatroslav1937 | talk ]] ) 14 : 33 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) | = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ | |
| 321387337 | 0 | ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] | = = = serbian pro german sentiments = = = pro - axis support of the serbian controlled yugoslav government moved prince paul of yugoslavia gradually away from france and toward germany . in 1936 hitler decided to endorse the government of premier milan stojadinovic . in 1937 stojadinovic had visited mussolini and introduced the nazi salute . after taking the title vodja ( fuhrer ) prince paul dismissed stojadinovic and replaced him with dragisa cvetkovic who cherished similar pro - axis foreign policy but with fewer fascist attributes . prince paul considered germany as the only power able to uphold the artificial state of yugoslavia and he undertook secret talks with top nazi officials in december 1939 . yugoslavia became part of the axis on march 24 , 1941 . the only member of the government who refused to sign the " pact of steel " joining the axis was the croatian minister , vladko macek of the croatian peasant party . after the signing cvetkovic assured hitler that yugoslavia " . . . would be ready to cooperate with germany in every way . " in fact , paul had been cooperating since 1939 with mass arrests of jews , strict racial laws , and the prohibition of trade unions . in 1940 , laws had been passed classifying the types of businesses which jews could own , direct , or work in and severely limiting educational access for jews . a secret protocol was attached to the axis pact which promised yugoslavia access to the aegean sea at the expense of greece in the new order . - - [ 2 ] - - [[ user : vatroslav1937 | vatroslav1937 ]] ( [[ user talk : vatroslav1937 | talk ]] ) 14 : 33 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) | = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ | |
| 328282850 | 0 | of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . | even though the belgrade government was pro - german | the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ | |
| 328760854 | 1 | of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . | even though the belgrade government was pro - german | the axis powers occupied yugoslavia because yugoslavia was russia ' s ally and the germans went to war with russia [ 3 ] . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] | |
| 329283670 | 8 | was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , also known as yugoslamania , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ | yugoslav | yugoslamania | partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was |
| 329284590 | 9 | the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslamania , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ | yugoslamania | yugoslav | partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslamania in 1946 , when a communist government was |
| 332045546 | 0 | of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . | zdghdsgvhjfskbvh kjdsfhbgvjuxcgh kvjhbsdf ; viugsdfkjbvhsiudhg ; nsdoihvjsbndgvbkjsghdfgkjbnui ; gsdglksjdghgbhsdvghsdkmbngkajdgksjgxvbn ; dfsgh sdgiuhkjx | the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ | |
| 332046057 | 0 | of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . | zdghdsgvhjfskbvh kjdsfhbgvjuxcgh kvjhbsdf ; viugsdfkjbvhsiudhg ; nsdoihvjsbndgvbkjsghdfgkjbnui ; gsdglksjdghgbhsdvghsdkmbngkajdgksjgxvbn ; dfsgh sdgiuhkjx | the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ | |
| 336062233 | 1 | of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . during this time the | independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists | croatian [[ ustaše ]] regime murdered around 500 | , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people |
| 7 | independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ | croats | yad vashem | ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start | |
| 337642740 | 15 | ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) | ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a centralized yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . < ref > {{ cite book | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xcp7oxqe0fmc & pg = pa624 | title = the balkans since 1453 | page = 624 }} < / ref > during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned , communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia ]] ( autonomous region with significant internal self - government ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . the entire kingdom was to be federalized but [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . from 1941 - 45 , the croatian [[ ustaše ]] regime murdered around 500 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism , the victims were predominantly [[ serbs ]] , but include 37 , 000 [[ jews ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center - [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > ' ' see : [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ' ' = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces . ]] [[ file : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] . ]] [[ file : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] congress . ]] {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} on november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six people ' s republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coa of sr croatia . png | 40px ]] < center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry montenegro . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after the intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . yugoslavia solved the national issue or nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag and / or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well as the republics of bosnia and herzegovina , and montenegro , were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . in slovenia the recognized minorities were hungarians and italians . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo - metohija ]] formed a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] but those provinces also formed part of the federation , which led to the unique situation that [[ central serbia ]] did not have its own assembly but a joint assembly with its provinces represented in it . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | changes in yugoslavian religious demographics }} yugoslavia had always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of [[ modernization ]] and [[ urbanization ]] , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post - war communist government ' s policies on national unity and state structure . after the rise of [[ communism ]] , a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the total population of yugoslavia considered themselves to be religious believers . the places of highest religious concentration were that of [[ kosovo ]] with 91 % and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] with 83 . 8 % . the places of lowest religious concentration were [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created in ethnic albanian - majority populated [[ kosovo ]] and the mixed - populated [[ vojvodina ]] . these autonomous provinces held the same voting power as the republics but unlike the republics , they could not legally separate from yugoslavia . this concession satisfied croatia and slovenia , but in serbia and in the new autonomous province of kosovo , reaction was different . serbs saw the new constitution as conceding to croat and ethnic albanian nationalists . ethnic albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeopardizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s which was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] loan . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of 1990 directly following the adoption of the imf programme , another 889 enterprises with a combined work - force of 525 , 000 workers suffered the same fate . in other words , in less than two years " the trigger mechanism " ( under the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . an additional 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = though the 1974 constitution dampened the institutional and material powers of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia to become part of a [[ greater serbia ]] which he accused the serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia resulted in the bosnian war . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ stress ( biological ) | tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb communities within croatia rebelling and trying to secede from the croat republic . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at around 80 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was quickly declining for several reasons , among them the ever increasing ethnic tensions and subsequent emigration from the area . by 1999 the slavs formed as little as 10 % of the total population in kosovo . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovan republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the plurality population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenes , supported by croats , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to cede power peacefully . other yugoslav republics – especially serbia – were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) against the two of the union but as the year passed other republics communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater autonomy of the republics ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , since it became clear that serbian domination attempts and increasingly different levels of democratic standards were becoming increasingly incompatible . [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia wouldn ' t accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces . when in august 1990 croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina led to a war that lasted more than 3 years ( see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of macedonia was peaceful , although the yugoslav army occupied the peak of the straža mountain on the macedonian soil . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from the dalmatian coast towards the inland almost a year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to [[ croatian home guard | home guard ]] ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disaramament of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between the croatian defence minister martin špegelj and the two men , filmed by the yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . the film was spiced by distorting sounds and fabricated voice of the croatian minister . also , guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the army was seen as a serbian service by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo and montenegro during [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution # october 1988 : vojvodina : yogurt revolution | yogurt revolutions ]] . following the first multi - party election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics . by this proposal republics would have right to self - determination . however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on march 9 , 1991 , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police were mostly already slovenian before slovenia ' s declaration of independence . the following day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within the next 48 hours . however , because of the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts that the federation was under attack by foreign forces , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on the ground where they served their conscription , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the austrian [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defense , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army – houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana – zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport were killed . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ debt moratorium | moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the police forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some strategic places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in most others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia ( prohor pčinjski part ) , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | vmro ]] ' ' ) . this was despite the fact that the yugoslav army refused to abandon its military infrastructure on the top of the straža mountain up to the year [[ 2000 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on november 27 , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = 1991 - 09 - 25 | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on january 9 , 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 – 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was not clear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied . the republic ' s government declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january 15 , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * june 14 , 1996 , the [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] is signed , limiting the military equipment of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * 1996 – 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia ( serbia and montenegro ) * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 | , state union of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of | |
| 337769009 | 16 | ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) | ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a centralized yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . < ref > {{ cite book | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xcp7oxqe0fmc & pg = pa624 | title = the balkans since 1453 | page = 624 }} < / ref > during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned , communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia ]] ( autonomous region with significant internal self - government ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . the entire kingdom was to be federalized but [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . from 1941 - 45 , the croatian [[ ustaše ]] regime murdered around 500 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism , the victims were predominantly [[ serbs ]] , but include 37 , 000 [[ jews ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center - [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > ' ' see : [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ' ' = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces . ]] [[ file : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] . ]] [[ file : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] congress . ]] {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} on november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six people ' s republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coa of sr croatia . png | 40px ]] < center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry montenegro . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after the intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . yugoslavia solved the national issue or nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag and / or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well as the republics of bosnia and herzegovina , and montenegro , were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . in slovenia the recognized minorities were hungarians and italians . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo - metohija ]] formed a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] but those provinces also formed part of the federation , which led to the unique situation that [[ central serbia ]] did not have its own assembly but a joint assembly with its provinces represented in it . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | changes in yugoslavian religious demographics }} yugoslavia had always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of [[ modernization ]] and [[ urbanization ]] , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post - war communist government ' s policies on national unity and state structure . after the rise of [[ communism ]] , a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the total population of yugoslavia considered themselves to be religious believers . the places of highest religious concentration were that of [[ kosovo ]] with 91 % and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] with 83 . 8 % . the places of lowest religious concentration were [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created in ethnic albanian - majority populated [[ kosovo ]] and the mixed - populated [[ vojvodina ]] . these autonomous provinces held the same voting power as the republics but unlike the republics , they could not legally separate from yugoslavia . this concession satisfied croatia and slovenia , but in serbia and in the new autonomous province of kosovo , reaction was different . serbs saw the new constitution as conceding to croat and ethnic albanian nationalists . ethnic albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeopardizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s which was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] loan . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of 1990 directly following the adoption of the imf programme , another 889 enterprises with a combined work - force of 525 , 000 workers suffered the same fate . in other words , in less than two years " the trigger mechanism " ( under the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . an additional 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = though the 1974 constitution dampened the institutional and material powers of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia to become part of a [[ greater serbia ]] which he accused the serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia resulted in the bosnian war . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ stress ( biological ) | tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb communities within croatia rebelling and trying to secede from the croat republic . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at around 80 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was quickly declining for several reasons , among them the ever increasing ethnic tensions and subsequent emigration from the area . by 1999 the slavs formed as little as 10 % of the total population in kosovo . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovan republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the plurality population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenes , supported by croats , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to cede power peacefully . other yugoslav republics – especially serbia – were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) against the two of the union but as the year passed other republics communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater autonomy of the republics ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , since it became clear that serbian domination attempts and increasingly different levels of democratic standards were becoming increasingly incompatible . [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia wouldn ' t accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces . when in august 1990 croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina led to a war that lasted more than 3 years ( see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of macedonia was peaceful , although the yugoslav army occupied the peak of the straža mountain on the macedonian soil . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from the dalmatian coast towards the inland almost a year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to [[ croatian home guard | home guard ]] ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disaramament of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between the croatian defence minister martin špegelj and the two men , filmed by the yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . the film was spiced by distorting sounds and fabricated voice of the croatian minister . also , guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the army was seen as a serbian service by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo and montenegro during [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution # october 1988 : vojvodina : yogurt revolution | yogurt revolutions ]] . following the first multi - party election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics . by this proposal republics would have right to self - determination . however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on march 9 , 1991 , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police were mostly already slovenian before slovenia ' s declaration of independence . the following day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within the next 48 hours . however , because of the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts that the federation was under attack by foreign forces , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on the ground where they served their conscription , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the austrian [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defense , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army – houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana – zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport were killed . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ debt moratorium | moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the police forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some strategic places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in most others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia ( prohor pčinjski part ) , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | vmro ]] ' ' ) . this was despite the fact that the yugoslav army refused to abandon its military infrastructure on the top of the straža mountain up to the year [[ 2000 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on november 27 , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = 1991 - 09 - 25 | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on january 9 , 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 – 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was not clear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied . the republic ' s government declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january 15 , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * june 14 , 1996 , the [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] is signed , limiting the military equipment of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * 1996 – 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia ( serbia and montenegro ) * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 | , state union of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of | |
| 337777732 | 16 | ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) | ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a centralized yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . < ref > {{ cite book | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xcp7oxqe0fmc & pg = pa624 | title = the balkans since 1453 | page = 624 }} < / ref > during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned , communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia ]] ( autonomous region with significant internal self - government ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . the entire kingdom was to be federalized but [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . from 1941 - 45 , the croatian [[ ustaše ]] regime murdered around 500 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism , the victims were predominantly [[ serbs ]] , but include 37 , 000 [[ jews ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center - [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > ' ' see : [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ' ' = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces . ]] [[ file : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] . ]] [[ file : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] congress . ]] {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} on november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six people ' s republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coa of sr croatia . png | 40px ]] < center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry montenegro . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after the intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . yugoslavia solved the national issue or nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag and / or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well as the republics of bosnia and herzegovina , and montenegro , were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . in slovenia the recognized minorities were hungarians and italians . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo - metohija ]] formed a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] but those provinces also formed part of the federation , which led to the unique situation that [[ central serbia ]] did not have its own assembly but a joint assembly with its provinces represented in it . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | changes in yugoslavian religious demographics }} yugoslavia had always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of [[ modernization ]] and [[ urbanization ]] , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post - war communist government ' s policies on national unity and state structure . after the rise of [[ communism ]] , a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the total population of yugoslavia considered themselves to be religious believers . the places of highest religious concentration were that of [[ kosovo ]] with 91 % and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] with 83 . 8 % . the places of lowest religious concentration were [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created in ethnic albanian - majority populated [[ kosovo ]] and the mixed - populated [[ vojvodina ]] . these autonomous provinces held the same voting power as the republics but unlike the republics , they could not legally separate from yugoslavia . this concession satisfied croatia and slovenia , but in serbia and in the new autonomous province of kosovo , reaction was different . serbs saw the new constitution as conceding to croat and ethnic albanian nationalists . ethnic albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeopardizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s which was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] loan . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of 1990 directly following the adoption of the imf programme , another 889 enterprises with a combined work - force of 525 , 000 workers suffered the same fate . in other words , in less than two years " the trigger mechanism " ( under the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . an additional 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = though the 1974 constitution dampened the institutional and material powers of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia to become part of a [[ greater serbia ]] which he accused the serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia resulted in the bosnian war . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ stress ( biological ) | tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb communities within croatia rebelling and trying to secede from the croat republic . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at around 80 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was quickly declining for several reasons , among them the ever increasing ethnic tensions and subsequent emigration from the area . by 1999 the slavs formed as little as 10 % of the total population in kosovo . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovan republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the plurality population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenes , supported by croats , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to cede power peacefully . other yugoslav republics – especially serbia – were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) against the two of the union but as the year passed other republics communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater autonomy of the republics ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , since it became clear that serbian domination attempts and increasingly different levels of democratic standards were becoming increasingly incompatible . [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia wouldn ' t accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces . when in august 1990 croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina led to a war that lasted more than 3 years ( see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of macedonia was peaceful , although the yugoslav army occupied the peak of the straža mountain on the macedonian soil . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from the dalmatian coast towards the inland almost a year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to [[ croatian home guard | home guard ]] ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disaramament of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between the croatian defence minister martin špegelj and the two men , filmed by the yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . the film was spiced by distorting sounds and fabricated voice of the croatian minister . also , guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the army was seen as a serbian service by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo and montenegro during [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution # october 1988 : vojvodina : yogurt revolution | yogurt revolutions ]] . following the first multi - party election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics . by this proposal republics would have right to self - determination . however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on march 9 , 1991 , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police were mostly already slovenian before slovenia ' s declaration of independence . the following day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within the next 48 hours . however , because of the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts that the federation was under attack by foreign forces , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on the ground where they served their conscription , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the austrian [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defense , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army – houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana – zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport were killed . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ debt moratorium | moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the police forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some strategic places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in most others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia ( prohor pčinjski part ) , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | vmro ]] ' ' ) . this was despite the fact that the yugoslav army refused to abandon its military infrastructure on the top of the straža mountain up to the year [[ 2000 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on november 27 , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = 1991 - 09 - 25 | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on january 9 , 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 – 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was not clear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied . the republic ' s government declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january 15 , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * june 14 , 1996 , the [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] is signed , limiting the military equipment of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * 1996 – 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia ( serbia and montenegro ) * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 | , state union of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of | |
| 339071245 | 0 | include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after the intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . yugoslavia solved the national issue | or | of | nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag |
| 340419473 | 1 | : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " | kosovo | " former socialist republics " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category | |
| 358383461 | 0 | yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ | treaty of versailles | | versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in | |
| 367694598 | 8 | the two of the union but as the year passed other republics communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation | – | — | serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards |
| 385374941 | 0 | serbs ]] , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . | < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > | = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | |
| 387220623 | 0 | was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the | [[ | constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in | |
| 394554278 | 4 | ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / | > | = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | |
| 400599300 | 42 | yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . | on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the [[ soviet union ]] , established six people ' s republics , an autonomous province | |
| 43 | of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the [[ soviet union ]] , established six | people ' s | republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in | ||
| 52 | republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and | the | economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} of how | ||
| 53 | fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . | = = = approaching the breakup = = = | though the 1974 constitution dampened the institutional and material powers of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 . = = | ||
| 418372256 | 0 | the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a | [[ | communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state | |
| 1 | [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist | ]] | government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , | ||
| 438819032 | 3 | for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > montenegro is [[ accession of montenegro to the european union | official candidate ]] for membership in the | [[ | european union ]] < ref > [ http : / / www . pobjeda . me / citanje . php ? datum = 2010 - 12 - 17 & id = | |
| 441313646 | 16 | national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater | [[ croatia ]] n | croatian | autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution |
| 21 | the two of the union but as the year passed other republics communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation | — | – | serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards | |
| 50 | the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a | [[ | communist ]] government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav | ||
| 56 | to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where | [[ fascism | | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none | ||
| 61 | of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a | [[ | coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and | ||
| 67 | . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the | [[ fascism | | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia | ||
| 75 | however , [[ marshal of yugoslavia | marshal ]] josip broz tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent | [[ communism | | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during | ||
| 77 | broz tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a | [[ | prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 , | ||
| 83 | in it . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to | [[ | socialism ]] under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with | ||
| 84 | . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism | ]] | under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries | ||
| 85 | }} yugoslavia had always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , | [[ | islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , | ||
| 86 | had always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam | ]] | , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over | ||
| 87 | been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , | [[ | catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in | ||
| 88 | home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism | ]] | , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . | ||
| 89 | a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , | [[ | judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious | ||
| 90 | diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism | ]] | and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of | ||
| 91 | , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and | [[ | protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have | ||
| 97 | " > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > after the rise of | [[ | communism ]] , a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the total population of yugoslavia considered themselves to be religious believers . the places of highest | ||
| 121 | down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of | [[ | communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april | ||
| 464626849 | 0 | yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on 31 january 1946 , the new [[ | 1946 yugoslav | constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the [[ soviet union ]] , established | |
| 1 | croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ | 1974 yugoslav | constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = | ||
| 2 | his death in 1980 . after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic hatred | ethnic tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ | 1974 yugoslav | constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all | ||
| 3 | | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on 31 january 1946 , the new [[ constitution | of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the [[ soviet union ]] , established six republics , an autonomous province , and | ||
| 4 | autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution | of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and economic crisis = | ||
| 5 | death in 1980 . after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic hatred | ethnic tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution | of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests | ||
| 468701811 | 0 | [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) refers to | three | a series of | political entities that existed successively on the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was |
| 10 | yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} though the 1974 constitution dampened the | institutional and material powers | power | of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 . after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic | |
| 478217075 | 2 | areas which formed yugoslavia , as well as culture and influence . < ref > {{ cite web | title = former yugoslavia patches itself together : entering the yugosphere | | publisher | work | = [[ the economist ]] | date = 2009 - 08 - 20 | url = http : / / www . economist . com / node / 14258861 | accessdate |
| 17 | a sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , but those claims were opposed by other former republics . the | [[ | united nations ]] also [[ united nations security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . < ref > {{ cite | ||
| 490102167 | 0 | had always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , | roman | catholicism , judaism and protestantism as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics | |
| 511394718 | 0 | and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) against the two of the union but as the year passed other republics | ' | communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule | |
| 511395809 | 1 | t completely successful . still , slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the | disaramament | disarmament | of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting |
| 537097237 | 7 | of [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november 2000 . < ref > {{ cite web | title = | fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = | " | ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the united states , referred to the federal republic |
| 542255750 | 0 | > eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of | the | [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november 2000 . < ref name = " ebrd country promotion programme " | |
| 542266155 | 0 | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to | [[ international recognition of kosovo | | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute | february 17 | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | |
| 542271560 | 2 | > eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of | the | [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on november 2 , 2000 . < ref name = " ebrd country promotion programme | |
| 3 | be a sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , but those claims were opposed by other former republics . | the [[ united nations ]] also [[ united nations security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . < ref name = " mpil . de " > {{ cite book | url = http : / / www . mpil . de / shared / data / pdf / pdfmpunyb / wood _ 1 . pdf | title = max planck yearbook of united nations law | chapter = participation of former yugoslav states in the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > eventually , | after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of [[ badinter arbitration | ||
| 542641170 | 0 | the fry aspired to be a sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , but those claims were opposed by | the | other former republics . after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power in 2000 , the fry rescinded those aspirations , accepting the opinion of the [[ badinter arbitration | |
| 542641702 | 0 | of yugoslavia aspired to be a sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , but those claims were opposed by | the | other former republics . the united nations also [[ united nations security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . < | |
| 563178883 | 0 | home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , roman catholicism , judaism | , | and protestantism as well as various [[ eastern christianity | eastern orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia | |
| 563179561 | 1 | carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight - member council composed of representatives from | the | six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for | |
| 2 | that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight - member council composed of representatives from six republics and | the | two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert | ||
| 9 | of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) against the two of the union but as the year | passed | progressed , | other republics ' communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former | |
| 16 | other republics ' communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former | ) | communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater autonomy of the republics ( under [[ milan | ||
| 563180646 | 2 | replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then | organised | organized | armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( " police " ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly |
| 3 | " police " ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police | forces | provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina led to a war that lasted more than three years ( | ||
| 15 | , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army – houses , a church | , | . a | civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana – zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport were killed . ceasefire was | |
| 21 | church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana – zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport were killed . | a | ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three | ||
| 24 | ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in | the | state politics . on 25 june 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the | ||
| 563181056 | 3 | . however , in february – march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and | the | federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the federal court in | |
| 568241997 | 1 | serbs , croats and slovenes by union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . commonly called at the time | a | as | " [[ treaty of versailles | versailles ]] state " . renamed to and first official use of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' in 1929 . = = = king alexander |
| 568473261 | 4 | ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia would not accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from | the status of | a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the | |
| 569536615 | 0 | of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a | [[ | coup d ' état when the king returned on [[ yugoslav military coup of march 27 , 1941 | 27 march ]] . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power | |
| 582992172 | 1 | the first official use of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' in 1929 . = = = king alexander = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] | suspended the constitution , | banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' | |
| 588344999 | 25 | | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the [[ united states ]] , | referred to the fry as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref name = " serbia and montenegro " > 1999 | while | [[ cia ]] [[ world factbook ]] : [ http : / / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro |
| 35 | ) . this became the largest yugoslav state as [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of | world war ii . | the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country were [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina | sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ | ||
| 594475714 | 12 | resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than 300 , 000 yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the | < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . history . com / this - day - in - history / yugoslavia - surrenders | title = apr 17 , 1941 : yugoslavia surrenders | author = ' ' [[ history channel ]] ' ' | publisher = history . com | year = 2014 }} < / ref > | the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the fascist | |
| 605734785 | 1 | slovenes by union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it was commonly referred to at the time as | the | " [[ treaty of versailles | versailles ]] state " . later , the government renamed the country leading to the first official use of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' in | |
| 607836587 | 2 | | publisher = bbc news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > after an economical and political crisis in 1980s and | a | rise of nationalism , yugoslavia [[ breakup of yugoslavia | broke up ]] along republic borders , at first into five countries , leading to the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . | |
| 607836804 | 0 | publisher = bbc news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > after an economic and political crisis in the 1980s and | a | the | rise of nationalism , yugoslavia [[ breakup of yugoslavia | broke up ]] along its republics ' borders , at first into five countries , leading to the [[ yugoslav wars |
| 608604340 | 4 | the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' {{ note | note1 = bosniaks ( muslims ) are not mentioned in state name | for anti - | due yugoslav policy against | muslim policy during that times }} by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro |
| 616725067 | 3 | june 1944 ; however , [[ marshal of yugoslavia | marshal ]] josip broz tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead | the new | an | independent communist state , starting as a prime minister . {{ citation needed | date = november 2013 }} the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii |
| 616726337 | 11 | he refused to abdicate . on 31 january 1946 , the new [[ 1946 yugoslav constitution | constitution ]] of [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the | [[ | soviet union ]] , established six republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . | |
| 15 | agreement ( 1947 ) | bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . | after the intervention of | stalin this agreement was never realized . yugoslavia solved the national issue of nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same | ||
| 616888308 | 3 | serbian communist leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of | great serbian [[ hegemony | | [[ greater serbia ]] n | hegemonism ]] . through a series of moves known as the " [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution ]] " , milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and |
| 7 | leading from the dalmatian coast towards the interior almost a year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the | serbian | serb - | dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . the | |
| 16 | election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics . by this proposal | , | republics would have right to self - determination . however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( | ||
| 616890253 | 0 | penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . | minister of | the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as | |
| 1 | complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . | sometimes | some influential | ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with | |
| 622094862 | 7 | [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to socialism under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country | criticized | criticised | both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the |
| 18 | police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the yugoslavian army barracks , while the army remained passive . the civilians then | organized | organised | armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( " police " ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly | |
| 643714069 | 1 | home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , roman catholicism , judaism | , | and protestantism , as well as various [[ eastern christianity | eastern orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of | |
| 648135254 | 0 | yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy . | partisan | leader of the partisans [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as the president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again to the | |
| 702550312 | 5 | dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the | ' ' ' | [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the original western border left a population of half a million [[ south slavs ]] < ref name = | |
| 32 | , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in | [[ | november 1945 the monarchy was abolished . yugoslavia was renamed the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . it acquired the | ||
| 33 | democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in november 1945 | ]] | the monarchy was abolished . yugoslavia was renamed the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . it acquired the territories of | ||
| 40 | it as the legitimate government , but in november 1945 the monarchy was abolished . yugoslavia was renamed the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a | [[ | communist government was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy . partisan leader [[ josip broz tito | ||
| 702589142 | 5 | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of [[ yugoslavia ]] . first established with the | ' ' ' | [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] ' ' ' , the original western border left a population of half a million ' ' ' [[ south | |
| 40 | [[ november 1945 ]] the monarchy was abolished . [[ yugoslavia ]] was renamed the [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] in [[ 1946 ]] , when a | [[ | communist government ]] was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from [[ italy ]] . [[ partisan ]] | ||
| 44 | when a [[ communist government ]] was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from [[ italy ]] . | [[ | partisan ]] leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in [[ 1980 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] , the country was renamed again | ||
| 706505610 | 0 | 45 , the croatian [[ ustaše ]] regime murdered around 500 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to | [[ | catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | serbians ]] but included 37 , 000 jews . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / | |
| 716053999 | 6 | the two , but as the year progressed , other republics ' communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratisation process and in december as the last member of the federation | – | , | serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed former communists ' rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater |
| 748664379 | 7 | , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was quickly declining for several reasons , among them the ever | - | increasing ethnic tensions and subsequent emigration from the area . by 1999 the slavs formed as little as 10 % of the total population in kosovo . meanwhile , [[ slovenia | |
| 768228450 | 4 | yugoslavia , 1929 – 39 . after 1939 the sava and littoral banovinas were merged into the [[ banovina of croatia ]] }} the country was formed in 1918 immediately after | [[ | world war 1 | final removal of kebab ]] as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes by union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] | |
| 781116889 | 2 | law | chapter = participation of former yugoslav states in the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > in 2000 , milosevic was trailed for | the | atrocities he committed and partook in during his ten - year ruling in serbia and the yugoslavia war . < ref name = " : 0 " / > eventually , | |
| 812917411 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ for2 | the 1943 | - | – | 1992 federation | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | the 1918 - 1941 kingdom | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes |
| 818932945 | 7 | ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of | czechoslovakia | yugoslavia | | president ]] | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start = 1 december | |
| 819799425 | 3 | ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) < br / > [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1992 - 03 ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of | yugoslavia | czechoslovakia | | president ]] | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start = 1 december | |
| 838423170 | 0 | zadar ]] from italy . partisan leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again | , | as the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics that made up the country were the [[ socialist republic of bosnia and |
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| 4115990 | 0 | officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ | msg : | disambig }} {{ msg : sfry }} [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija | |
| 68355303 | 0 | : < br > {{ legend | # fe0000 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , federal republic of yugoslavia , serbia and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # | fefe40 | ffff00 | | slovenia }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | croatia }} {{ legend | # 800080 | republic of macedonia }} {{ legend | # 008000 | bosnia and herzegovina }} |
| 1 | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff0080 | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} {{ legend | # | ff8080 | 29efef | | kosovo }} {{ legend | # f66c10 | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic | |
| 78657034 | 1 | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff0080 | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} {{ legend | # | 29efef | c00000 | | kosovo }} {{ legend | # f66c10 | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic |
| 91126032 | 0 | state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ pov }} {{ | references | unreferenced | date = july 2006 | }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | thumb | 225px | an animated series of maps showing the breakup |
| 134919978 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ | sources | unreferenced | date = may 2007 | }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | |
| 176753415 | 0 | = & upit = 940 . 547 . 2 & scrollaction = stranica + 2 < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | | date = december 2007 | }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom | |
| 1 | in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = {{ pov | | date = december 2007 | }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2007 }} the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state | ||
| 2 | which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ pov | | date = december 2007 | }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ | ||
| 236538465 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | | date = september 2008 | }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | |
| 252030969 | 2 | = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} | * ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) | * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , | |
| 252035354 | 0 | = = = = new states = = = fully recognized countries created from the former yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} * {{ mkd }} | * {{ kos }} | * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 | |
| 252035444 | 0 | = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} * {{ mkd }} * {{ kos }} | ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) | * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 | |
| 252050525 | 0 | yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} | * {{ kos }} ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) | * ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) | * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , |
| 252470892 | 0 | [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} | * | * ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in | |
| 252501329 | 0 | = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} | * | * ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in | |
| 254441533 | 0 | ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} | fyrom | * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 | |
| 254441634 | 0 | }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ | mkd | fyrom | }} fyrom * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied |
| 1 | ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} | fyrom | * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 | ||
| 254442227 | 0 | }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ | fyrom | mkd | }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in |
| 254442447 | 0 | }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ | mkd | fyrom | }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in |
| 254442844 | 0 | }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ | fyrom | mkd | }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in |
| 254443150 | 0 | }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ | mkd | fyrom | }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in |
| 254443532 | 0 | }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ | fyrom | mkd | }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in |
| 257716886 | 0 | yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} | * ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) | * {{ kos }} | * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , |
| 257719367 | 2 | yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} | * {{ kos }} | * ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) | * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , |
| 257724223 | 0 | yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} | * ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) | * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , | |
| 341718684 | 0 | . wikipedia . org / wiki / wikipedia : footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the < ref ( erences / ) > tags --> {{ reflist | | colwidth = 30em | }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = | |
| 347244560 | 0 | footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the < ref ( erences / ) > tags --> {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} * {{ loc }} | - | {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia | |
| 495668696 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ | about | the country in the western balkans | the post - breakup federal republic of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ for | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | |
| 587714715 | 0 | / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ | commons | commonscat | | yugoslavia }} {{ wikiquote | yugoslavia }} {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} {{ eb1922 poster }} * {{ wikiatlas | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . |
| 588371954 | 0 | / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ | commonscat | commons category | | yugoslavia }} {{ wikiquote | yugoslavia }} {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} {{ eb1922 poster }} * {{ wikiatlas | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . |
| 714942876 | 0 | | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 17 february 2008 }} | {{ dts | | } } | 10 september 2012 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = september 2012 }} | | {{ dts | 17 february }} | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | |
| 754485190 | 7 | | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 17 february 2008 }} | {{ dts | | 10 september 2012 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = september 2012 | 08 04 1993 | }} | {{ dts | 17 february }} | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg |
| 12 | serbia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 22 may 2006 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | | 22 05 1992 | | {{ dts | 15 february }} | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] | ||
| 16 | of croatia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 25 june 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 october 1991 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | | date = august 2014 | }} | {{ dts | 25 june }} | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border | ||
| 761978123 | 0 | of the balkans ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = notes = = {{ reflist | group = lower - roman }} = = references = = {{ reflist | | colwidth = | 30em }} * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading |
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| 8640465 | 1 | ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] | on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] | . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south | |
| 31961080 | 16 | ]] , started supporting the new idea . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , | [[ | 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ | |
| 17 | started supporting the new idea . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 | ]] | in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 | ||
| 37508256 | 1 | language | serbian ]] cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century | ]] | on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug | |
| 42217788 | 3 | serbian language | serbian ]] cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century | ]] | on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug | |
| 17 | ]] , started supporting the new idea . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , | [[ | 1915 in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july | ||
| 18 | , started supporting the new idea . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , 1915 | ]] | in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 | ||
| 77480535 | 0 | ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] | [[ vi : nam tư ]] | [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | |
| 80302929 | 1 | slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 19th century | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] . | as | at that time | the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ |
| 6 | = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 19th century | | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] | . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in | ||
| 80314145 | 1 | and croats live together , is captured for eternity . the movement was known as iliric movement , which grew steadilly , and gainded serious momentum in the late 19th century | | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] | . at that time the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , so hope for sovereignty of the south | |
| 2 | croats live together , is captured for eternity . the movement was known as iliric movement , which grew steadilly , and gainded serious momentum in the late 19th century . | at that time | as | the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , so hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the | |
| 80374705 | 1 | = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 19th century | | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century | 17th | ]] . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples |
| 2 | slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 19th century | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] . | it was a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who realised that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedon was to unite and free themselves of tyranies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) but it really gained large momentum at the end of the nineteenth century . | as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the | ||
| 80376751 | 3 | austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) but it really gained large momentum at the end of the nineteenth century | , mainly because of the harsh policies against slavs practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators | . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in | |
| 81568143 | 0 | = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th | century | ]] . it was a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who realised that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom was to unite and | |
| 83862003 | 38 | and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] | on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] | . the name means ' ' land of the [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom | |
| 83862592 | 1 | idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] | . it was | , | a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who realized that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom was to unite and free themselves of tyrannies |
| 87450359 | 2 | of a state for south slavs = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] , | a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea | cousin | , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could |
| 87596151 | 1 | = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | | 17th century | ]] , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the | |
| 87847188 | 11 | the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three separate political entities that existed on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] during most of the [[ 20th century | ]] | . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] | |
| 19 | = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | ]] | , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ | ||
| 111222130 | 1 | [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century | ]] | . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) | |
| 131566036 | 5 | ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . | goodbye | the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) | |
| 137226277 | 5 | , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century | ]] | ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : | |
| 150932203 | 6 | illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century | , mainly because of the harsh policies against freedom movements among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the [[ ottoman empire | [[ illyrian movement | ]] grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire |
| 48 | also | creation of yugoslavia }} = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century | , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers | and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the various empires would be to unite and free themselves of | ||
| 153272499 | 0 | ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . | the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . | the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) | |
| 168734899 | 1 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century | ]] | . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , | |
| 174935495 | 1 | south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century | ]] | . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , | |
| 191900872 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | six | seven | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia |
| 192073726 | 15 | = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late 17th century | ]] | and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . during the early period of [[ world war i ]] , a number of | |
| 192075557 | 27 | = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late [[ 17th century | ]] | and gained prominence in the [[ 19th century ]] [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . during the early period of [[ world war i ]] , a | |
| 29 | idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late [[ 17th century ]] and gained prominence in the [[ 19th century | ]] | [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . during the early period of [[ world war i ]] , a number of prominent political figures from south slavic lands | ||
| 192077462 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | seven | six | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ( from sunday , february 17th , 2008 ) , |
| 192129818 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | six | seven | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia |
| 192293636 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | seven | six | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ |
| 192354294 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | six | seven | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ |
| 192459256 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | seven | six | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ |
| 192475540 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | six | seven | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ |
| 192579883 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | seven | six | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ |
| 192596895 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | six | seven | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ |
| 192632247 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | seven | six | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ |
| 193351040 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | six | seven | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ |
| 193447637 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | seven | six | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ |
| 193587328 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | six | seven | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ |
| 193894652 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | seven | six | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ |
| 193899901 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | six | seven | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ |
| 194022333 | 0 | south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . | the seven countries that were once | th | part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ |
| 194022573 | 0 | south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . | th | the seven countries that were once | part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ |
| 197171154 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | seven | six | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ |
| 197211778 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | six | seven | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ |
| 197289863 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | seven | nowadays | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ |
| 200573250 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | nowadays | modern | countries that were once part of yugoslavia ( socialist republics ) are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ |
| 200599214 | 0 | slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | modern countries that were once | former | constituent parts of yugoslavia ( socialist republics ) that are now independent states are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] |
| 206751541 | 22 | of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century | ]] | . the constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , | |
| 206809460 | 3 | land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century | ]] | . the first country by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the " kingdom of serbs , | |
| 208706364 | 0 | ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . | a common joke in the english language ( among mature adults ) is tom - " yugoslavia ! " grace - " no you go slavia ! " and repeated several times . | the first country to be known by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known | |
| 208709484 | 0 | ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . | a common joke in the english language ( among mature adults ) is tom - " yugoslavia ! " grace - " no you go slavia ! " and repeated several times . | the first country to be known by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known | |
| 209444319 | 0 | ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . | yugoslavia rules ! | the first country to be known by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known | |
| 209444409 | 0 | ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . | yugoslavia rules ! | the first country to be known by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known | |
| 219529741 | 1 | south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the [[ 20th century | ]] | . the first country to be known by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was | |
| 221196135 | 0 | south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . | also , the dildo originated from yugoslavia . i like raping men | the first country to be known by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known | |
| 221201860 | 0 | south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . | also , the dildo originated from yugoslavia . i like raping men | the first country to be known by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known | |
| 226194153 | 0 | south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . | the first country to be known by this name | shit hole | was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and |
| 226194289 | 0 | south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . | shit hole | sorry accidenly deleted | was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and |
| 226203230 | 0 | south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . | sorry accidenly deleted | the first country to be known by this name | was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and |
| 231803887 | 13 | [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century | ]] | . the first country to be known by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was | |
| 243408006 | 1 | " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the [[ 20th century | ]] | . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as | |
| 243960994 | 0 | " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . | jesus bites cock ! | the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the | |
| 243962611 | 1 | " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . | jesus bites cock ! | the first country sucks balls to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known | |
| 254038112 | 1 | " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first | of the | country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes | |
| 254039072 | 1 | " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first | of the | country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , in which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and | |
| 255686045 | 0 | 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = | micheal is i dumb dirty little whore ! ! ! | king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist | |
| 255686204 | 0 | 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = | micheal is i dumb dirty little whore ! ! ! | king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist | |
| 293403723 | 0 | jugoslavia ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . | many people who live in yugoslavia hate negros . a lot of people hate negros . negros | the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats | |
| 293403822 | 0 | jugoslavia ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . | many people who live in yugoslavia hate negros . a lot of people hate negros . negros | the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats | |
| 295100786 | 0 | jugoslavia ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . | however towards recent days its main export has been pornography and enslaved american women turned sex - slaves . | the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats | |
| 295108030 | 0 | jugoslavia ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . | however towards recent days its main export has been pornography and enslaved american women turned sex - slaves . | the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats | |
| 328882911 | 0 | ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . | rosss is so right ! ! ! ! | the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats | |
| 328882928 | 0 | ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . | rosss is so right ! ! ! ! | the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats | |
| 337616139 | 0 | world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = | it waz od bloody and mad nasty . | king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist | |
| 337616309 | 0 | world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = | it waz od bloody and mad nasty . | king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist | |
| 339966160 | 0 | ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . | the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | tugoslavia | ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by |
| 339966220 | 0 | ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . | tugoslavia | the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by |
| 343662490 | 0 | ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . | ' ' ' bold text ' ' ' it does exist , i was just there yesterday ! ! ! ! ! ! | the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs | |
| 343662504 | 0 | ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . | ' ' ' bold text ' ' ' it does exist , i was just there yesterday ! ! ! ! ! ! | the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs | |
| 343662789 | 0 | ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . | ' ' ' the first country to be known by this name was awesome and i went there yesterday , so it exists , and the kingdom of yugoslavia was then invaded by bailey and will . ' ' ' | the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs | |
| 343662815 | 0 | ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . | ' ' ' the first country to be known by this name was awesome and i went there yesterday , so it exists , and the kingdom of yugoslavia was then invaded by bailey and will . ' ' ' | the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs | |
| 349097618 | 0 | ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ sh : jugoslavija ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ tl : yugoslabya ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] | [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] | [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ zh - classical : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ yi : יוגאסלאוויע ]] [[ zh : | |
| 351439969 | 0 | ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . | i like big sex and i canot lie | the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs | |
| 351439998 | 0 | ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . | i like big sex and i canot lie | the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs | |
| 400599300 | 68 | : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' [[ history of the balkans : twentieth century | ]] | ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - | |
| 485215993 | 2 | | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) refers to a series of political entities that existed successively in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the 20th century | which was established three times under differing forms of government | . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of | |
| 495585894 | 6 | jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the 20th century | which was established three times under differing forms of government | ]] | . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of |
| 495666744 | 7 | | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the [[ 20th century | ]] | which was established three times under differing forms of government | . the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' was established on |
| 8 | ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . | the first country to be known by this name was | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' was established on 1 | ||
| 495668696 | 8 | jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the 20th century | which was established three times under differing forms of government | ]] | . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of |
| 508093234 | 1 | | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the [[ 20th century | ]] | . the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' was established on | |
| 614515028 | 0 | ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century | , formed as a result of pan - slavic sentiments held by southern slavs ; its name translates to " land of the southern slavs " | . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]] n [[ | |
| 614602814 | 0 | ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century | , formed as a result of pan - slavic sentiments held by southern slavs ; its name translates to " land of the southern slavs " | . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]] n [[ | |
| 702550312 | 12 | ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century | ]] | . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]] n [[ | |
| 702550622 | 3 | }} the concept of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] peoples , emerged in the late 17th century | ]] | and gained prominence through the [[ illyrian movement ]] of the 19th century . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) | |
| 5 | state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] peoples , emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence through the [[ illyrian movement ]] of the 19th century | ]] | . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was the result of | ||
| 702589142 | 12 | , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the [[ 20th century | ]] | . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in [[ 1918 ]] {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]] | |
| 71 | of ' ' [[ yugoslavia ]] ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] peoples , emerged in the late [[ 17th century | ]] | and gained prominence through the [[ illyrian movement ]] of the [[ 19th century ]] . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( | ||
| 73 | [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] peoples , emerged in the late [[ 17th century ]] and gained prominence through the [[ illyrian movement ]] of the [[ 19th century | ]] | . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( [[ south ]] ) and " slaveni " ( [[ slavs ]] ) . [[ |
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| 298091 | 5 | croatia ]] , [[ bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . for more information about the current situation in yugoslavia , see [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , the | as | the name under which the republic is currently officially recognised by the [[ united states ]] . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain | ||
| 17 | croatia ]] , [[ bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . for more information about the current situation in yugoslavia , see [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , the | name under which | the republic is currently officially recognised by the [[ united states ]] . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / | |||
| 73806 | 0 | various peoples grew , and since [[ 1991 ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | | vardar macedonia | the macedonian republic | ]] all gained their independence . nowadays the only remaining republics are [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , with the status of [[ kosovo ]] still uncertain . because | |
| 100257 | 2 | and since [[ 1991 ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | the macedonian republic ]] | ( f . y . r . o . m . ) | all gained their independence . nowadays the only remaining republics are [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , with the status of [[ kosovo ]] still uncertain . because there | ||
| 638162 | 0 | * [[ serbia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ voivodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ belgrade ]] * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ novi sad ]] * [[ | pristina | prishtina | ]] | |
| 823595 | 1 | div > until [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' has been a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] | , | . yugoslavia | formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] and renamed kingdom of yugoslavia in [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii | |
| 854429 | 1 | bosnia , [[ albanians | albanians ]] in serbia and f . y . r . o . m . , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] in serbia ) , this | led to | was used as the cause for | some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia / history | croatia ]] , [[ history of bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . < | |
| 3 | various peoples grew , and since [[ 1991 ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] | ( f . y . r . o . m . ) | all gained their independence . nowadays the only remaining republics are [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , with the status of [[ kosovo ]] still uncertain . because there | |||
| 904665 | 0 | large ethnic minorities within the various countries ( serbian regions in croatia and bosnia , [[ croatia | croatian ]] in bosnia , [[ albanians | albanians ]] in serbia and | [[ | f . y . r . o . m . , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] in serbia ) , this was used as the cause for some bloody wars ( | ||
| 904667 | 14 | [[ military of yugoslavia ]] * [[ foreign relations of yugoslavia ]] * republics within the federal republic of yugoslavia [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] * the [[ voivodina | | vojvodina | ]] region and its municipalities - [[ novi sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] * the [[ kosovo ]] region * [[ belgrade ]] - the capital of the federal republic | ||
| 1296386 | 4 | tension between the various peoples grew , and since [[ 1991 ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and [[ republic of macedonia | | former yugoslav republic of macedonia | ]] all gained their independence . nowadays the only remaining republics are [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , with the status of [[ kosovo ]] still uncertain . because | ||
| 1298298 | 5 | b3awia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is term casually used for any of following political entities : * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , | from [[ 1918 ]] | whose name changed name | to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1946 | |
| 1338233 | 0 | 2003 ]] remade its internal structure into a loose commonwealth and changed its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . | < table align = " right " > < tr > < td > [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png ]] < / tr > < / td > < tr > < td > < i > federal republic of yugoslavia ( 1992 - 2003 ) < / i > < / tr > < / td > < / table > the [[ united nations ]] , and many individual states ( including the [[ united states ]] ) refused | [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' ' yu = = related articles = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] | ||
| 2184559 | 2 | > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities . in serbo - croat , it means " land of southern slavs | " from elements of jugo | ' ' | ( south ) , and slavia ( slavs ) . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' kingdom of | |
| 2184776 | 14 | , when four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . | as a result , | a federation called the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , which in | ||
| 3146202 | 0 | and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . | ' ' ' | = = | see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ | |
| 5413045 | 0 | and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . | = = former republics in european union = = the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]] and became a member in [[ 2004 ]] . croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - [[ 2015 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] | = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ sfry }} [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ | ||
| 7346213 | 1 | [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . | = = = = ]] ]] ]] | see also : [[ history of yugoslavia ]] = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and | ||
| 7346221 | 1 | [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . | = = = = ]] ]] ]] | see also : [[ history of yugoslavia ]] = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and | ||
| 8640415 | 0 | [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . | = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the forming of the group of advocates of a joint country of south slavs , by politicians from [[ croatia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , which were then both in the [[ austro - hungarian monarchy ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante trumbic | ante trumbi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan mestrovic | ivan me & # 353 ; trovi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ hinko hinkovic | hinko hinkovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ franko potocnjak | franko poto & # 269 ; njak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanovic | nikola stojanovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ dusan vasiljevic | du & # 353 ; an vasiljevi & # 263 ; ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popovic | pavle popovi & # 263 ; ]] , a representative of [[ nikola pasic | nikola pa & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; ]] ' s [[ serbia ]] n government , on neutral ground in [[ florence ]] , [[ italy ]] , in an effort to coordinate their efforts towards building an independent state of western south slavs . [[ lujo vojnovic | lujo vojnovi & # 263 ; ]] was also present as an observer from the kingdom of [[ montenegro ]] . the new " yugoslav " cause ( from ' ' jugoslav ' ' , meaning " southern slav " ) was receiving an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally tired of austria - hungary and a union with the eastern states was probably seen as the best way to come out of the [[ anomie ]] caused by the [[ world war i | great war ]] . even the large [[ diaspora ]] s , known for their [[ nostalgia ]] and [[ patriotism ]] , started supporting the new idea . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = first yugoslavia = = the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 ]] , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( | see also : [[ history of yugoslavia ]] = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and | ||
| 1 | montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . see | [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament ( ' ' skup & # 353 ; tina ' ' ) passed a new constitution despite a boycott from croatian mps . the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade . in 1928 , [[ punisa racic | puni & # 353 ; a ra & # 269 ; i & # 263 ; ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radic | stjepan radi & # 263 ; ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander of yugoslavia | aleksandar ]] used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] he suspended the constitution , dissolved the ' ' skup & # 353 ; tina ' ' and proclaimed a royal dictatorship . he went on to reorganize the regional divisions within the country and renamed it the ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' . all national identities except " yugoslav " were abolished . yugoslavia became a highly [[ militarism | militarized ]] state , which spawned several insurgent nationalist groups opposed to the royal dictatorship . the king was highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] . in the beginning of [[ world war ii ]] , yugoslavia was pressured by [[ germany ]] and [[ italy ]] to join the [[ axis powers ]] . italy was mired in an inconclusive war with [[ history of greece | greece ]] , and before germany committed its forces to the greek campaign , it wanted to secure yugoslavia ' s support . [[ pavle karadjordjevic | royal regent paul ]] submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were | also : [[ history of yugoslavia ]] = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina | |||
| 8716078 | 6 | . the nla staged a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign , and the germans answered by punishing the civil population . this led to great losses for yugoslavia , | approximately one million people ( | principally among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , who provided the bulk of partisan formations . the current estimate of | the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 people or 10 % of the population ) . in liberated territories , nla organized [[ people ' | |
| 8718538 | 5 | europe . the german response was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the government of croatia | , leading | ]] . this led | to great civilain loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided the bulk of partisan formations . the current estimate | |
| 9 | of partisan formations . the current estimate of the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . | in | during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the | liberated territories , the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ | ||
| 17 | able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade | , yugoslavia | belgrade | ]] . during the war the [[ communism | communist ]] lead the [[ partisans ]] that were opposing the occupation and were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on | |||
| 8778698 | 4 | | same country ]] . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia - herzegovina , albeit only | by | two out of three constitutive peoples , bosniaks and croats . secession of the new - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody and gruesome [[ yugoslav wars ]] . | ||
| 9383013 | 11 | tie somewhat delayed escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , republics of slovenia and croatia proposed to transform yugoslavia into | a | loose confederation of six republics in autumn 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] rejected all such proposals with an | ||
| 16 | peoples , [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslims ]] and croats . secession of the new - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody and gruesome [[ yugoslav wars ]] . | it started | these began | with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] and in bosnia in [[ 1992 ]] . as a result of the conflict | ||
| 19 | to leave the congress in protest , and marked a culmination in the rift of the ruling party . following the [[ fall of communism ]] in [[ eastern europe ]] | and in yugoslavia | , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ | |||
| 12142335 | 0 | serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] . | his son and successor , | in the beginning of [[ world war ii ]] , yugoslavia was pressured by [[ germany ]] and [[ italy ]] to join the [[ axis powers ]] . italy was | ||
| 12142696 | 0 | power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] , who continued on an authoritarian path with the prime minister [[ milan stojadinovic | | milan stojadinovi & # 263 ; | ]] . in the beginning of [[ world war ii ]] , yugoslavia was pressured by [[ germany ]] and [[ italy ]] to join the [[ axis powers ]] . | ||
| 12259930 | 0 | officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dusan simovic | | du & # 353 ; an simovi & # 263 ; | ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old king peter full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler | ||
| 12429233 | 5 | ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] . | the yugoslav authorities established a new " nation " in the republic of macedonia by making the ethnic bulgarian majority become " macedonians " . a new language and a new falsified history were designed in order to legitimize the " macedonian nation " . those who opposed this ethnic cleansing policy were either killed or sent to the notorious [[ goli otok ]] [[ concentration camp ]] on a barren island in the [[ adriatic sea ]] . | the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ | ||
| 12432682 | 6 | ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] . | the yugoslav authorities established a new " nation " in the republic of macedonia by making the ethnic bulgarian majority become " macedonians " . a new language and a new falsified history were designed in order to legitimize the " macedonian nation " . those who opposed this ethnic cleansing policy were either killed or sent to the notorious [[ goli otok ]] [[ concentration camp ]] on a barren island in the [[ adriatic sea ]] . | the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ | ||
| 13049340 | 2 | | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . [[ image : balkans02 . jpg | thumb | right | former yugoslavia map ]] in sfry , each republic | and province | had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was a collective presidency , the federal prime minister | ||
| 13197885 | 2 | agreement ]] . after some years of peace , in [[ 1998 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . | the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction | in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than two months ( see [[ kosovo war ]] ) . since june 1999 , the province has been governed | ||
| 13337436 | 0 | formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia | ( in exile ) | subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = the first | ||
| 13337531 | 0 | [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . | = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the | ||
| 13337760 | 0 | yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihac | biha & # 263 ; ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] | without any [[ macedonian ]] representatives | and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla | ||
| 13672323 | 2 | [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . | = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the | ||
| 4 | formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia | ( in exile ) | subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = the first | |||
| 6 | large portion of both rebel formations . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . | during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihac | biha & # 263 ; ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] without any [[ macedonian ]] representatives and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a belgrade - dominated federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] and the [[ bulgarian ]] army aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as many other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . | westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led | |||
| 13673857 | 0 | milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ | yugoslavian | yugoslav | ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] | |
| 15457341 | 0 | yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] s organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed | nationalistic | royalist guerilla led by colonel [[ draza mihailovic | dra & # 382 ; a mihajlovi & # 263 ; ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of | ||
| 18469162 | 4 | 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . | protitch | protić | ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] = = references = = * | |
| 22506196 | 7 | beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] and in bosnia | early | in [[ 1992 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november | ||
| 8 | of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] and in bosnia in | ; | [[ 1992 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 | |||
| 22506688 | 9 | at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by representatives of all republics , was ended and [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized | the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republics of serbia and montenegro | . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in [[ 1995 ]] with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ | ||
| 11 | , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ moratorium ]] on slovenian and croatian secession | , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed entry at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by representatives of all republics , | was ended and [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in | |||
| 22785116 | 4 | ; trovi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ hinko hinkovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ franko poto & # 269 ; njak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola | stojanovi & # 263 ; | stojanović | ]] and [[ du & # 353 ; an vasiljevi & # 263 ; ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popovi & # 263 ; ]] , | |
| 6 | [[ nikola stojanovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ du & # 353 ; an vasiljevi & # 263 ; ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle | popovi & # 263 ; | popović | ]] , a representative of [[ nikola pa & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; ]] ' s [[ serbia ]] n government , on neutral ground in [[ | ||
| 8 | on neutral ground in [[ florence ]] , [[ italy ]] , in an effort to coordinate their efforts towards building an independent state of western south slavs . [[ lujo | vojnovi & # 263 ; | vojnović | ]] was also present as an observer from the kingdom of [[ montenegro ]] . the new " yugoslav " cause ( from ' ' jugoslav ' ' , meaning " | ||
| 19 | in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan | penezi & # 263 ; kr & # 269 ; un | penezić krčun | served under tito and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was found dead under unknown circumstances . aleksandar rankovi & # 263 ; lost | ||
| 20 | kr & # 269 ; un served under tito and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was found dead under unknown circumstances . aleksandar | rankovi & # 263 ; | ranković | lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in | ||
| 25 | would empower the majority population , the serbs . this caused the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ ivica | ra & # 269 ; an | račan | ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest . following the " [[ fall | ||
| 30 | & # 263 ; ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnov & # 353 ; ek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia ( [[ | bogi & # 263 ; bogi & # 263 ; evi & # 263 ; | bogić bogićević | ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia | ||
| 32 | , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; | milošević | ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september [[ 2000 ]] led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on | ||
| 22951478 | 0 | / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early [[ 1992 ]] ; this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb minority there | ( 35 % of bosnian population ) | , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a yes vote in the referendum , and the republic ' | ||
| 22951623 | 2 | republic ' s government declared its independence though everyone advocated that such decision had be made with the consent of all three nation . the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter | , as the votes of serbs were ignored | . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various | ||
| 23004425 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( југославија , ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] | , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' | ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe | ||
| 23004621 | 0 | / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early [[ 1992 ]] ; this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb | minority | population | there ( 35 % of bosnian population ) , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a yes vote | |
| 4 | ' s government declared its independence though everyone advocated that such decision had be made with the consent of all the three nations . the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter | , as the votes of serbs were ignored | . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various | |||
| 25682758 | 2 | vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was | to be | officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of | ||
| 14 | albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of mass deportation of albanians | and similar militia activity | to flee their homes | , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of [[ 1999 | ||
| 25683066 | 0 | , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became | natioanlly | nationally | recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb | |
| 26256828 | 0 | and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . | [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . | the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ | ||
| 26256919 | 0 | serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was | reduced | abolished | , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] in january [[ 1990 ]] | |
| 2 | tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | | kosovo and metohija | ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] in january | |||
| 26257312 | 1 | and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . | [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . | the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ | ||
| 2 | tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | | kosovo and metohija | ]] was abolished , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] in january | |||
| 27567832 | 1 | , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . on [[ april 1 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević | was arrested | surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest | on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia | |
| 27670102 | 1 | republics to reject belgrade law . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanian majority and the | serbian minority | non - albanians | in the province . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but | |
| 6 | these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence | becoming the only former republic to gain independence without resistence from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia | , but no war erupted there , and nato observers were placed at its northern border . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] | |||
| 29811273 | 0 | bosnia followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " | dissolved | disssolved | " . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia | |
| 29811434 | 0 | bosnia followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " | disssolved | dissolved | " . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia | |
| 30275074 | 0 | * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and | within serbia ' s new reduced borders | two separate provinces of yugoslavia | , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and | |
| 30298958 | 1 | * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and | two separate provinces of yugoslavia | within serbia ' s new reduced borders | , where the people were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] - mainly hungarian * [[ kosovo ]] - annexed from albania in 1910 in 1974 , the | |
| 4 | * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and two separate provinces of yugoslavia , | where | the people were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] - mainly hungarian * [[ kosovo ]] - annexed from albania in 1910 in 1974 , the two provinces | |||
| 31961080 | 14 | ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in | [[ | 2001 ]] , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ | ||
| 26 | of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in | [[ | 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but | |||
| 28 | date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in | [[ | 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . westerner attempts | |||
| 42 | ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] in january | [[ | 1990 ]] , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on the reversal | |||
| 46 | newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in | [[ | 1991 ]] . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistence from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . | |||
| 47 | formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 | ]] | . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistence from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u | |||
| 60 | macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in | [[ | 1996 ]] and became a member in [[ 2004 ]] . croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in | |||
| 32871630 | 0 | the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić | krčun | krcun | served under tito and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was found dead under unknown circumstances . aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles | |
| 32922260 | 5 | movement was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . | italian occupying forces also committed many atrocities ( cf . [[ italian war crimes ]] ) | after allies realised that chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings | ||
| 9 | a large portion of rebel formations . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . | [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew | jews ]] , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population | the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . during the war , the [[ communism | |||
| 33738425 | 1 | ' skupština ' ' ) passed a new constitution despite a boycott from croatian mps . the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade | , causing dissatisfaction among the more federally minded croat and slovene politicians | . in 1928 , [[ puniša račić ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radić ]] in the parliament | ||
| 7 | resistance movement was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] | . | . italian occupying forces also committed many atrocities ( cf . [[ italian war crimes ]] ) . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia | |||
| 8 | southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . | however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year | italian occupying forces also committed many atrocities ( cf . [[ italian war crimes ]] ) . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . | |||
| 17 | and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] | meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kucan ]] had since [[ 1986 ]] been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it on a collision course with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed suit . | in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on the | |||
| 24 | , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia , | but the international community pressured them | the yugoslav people ' s army took armed action , leading | to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics . secession of the newly | ||
| 41 | the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia | in 1991 | . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistence from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u | |||
| 33836329 | 3 | , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province | , dubbed terrorism by the serb authorities | . the situation worsened , with the yugoslav reaction causing many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following | ||
| 34035074 | 2 | herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a | massive | yes vote in the referendum , though to this day it remains unclear whether the majority was large enough . the republic ' s government declared its independence however , and | ||
| 9 | majority was large enough . the republic ' s government declared its independence however , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska , and the war in bosnia | ]] | followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved | |||
| 15 | - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction | resulted in a large number | involved the indiscriminate use | of civilian deaths , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident | ||
| 34136474 | 6 | herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a | massive yes vote in the referendum , with a | turn - out of around 64 % . {{ ref | malcolm }} the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately | ||
| 34241700 | 9 | republic was at this time under the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . | however , | in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 % {{ | ||
| 10 | was at this time under the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in | these areas , | february - march 1992 | the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 % {{ ref | malcolm }} | ||
| 34241920 | 5 | - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] was formed , deemed terrorist by , among others , serbian | serbian authorities denounced it as a | and [[ usa ]] authorities . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following | ||
| 35058138 | 1 | secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . | some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in [[ 1986 ]] that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . in the 1980s , the albanians were the largest ethnic group in kosovo with over 90 % of the population . | the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist | ||
| 35562893 | 1 | europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word and yugoslavia was | my homeland | a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats | and it rocks so there u weirdos . capitulated only 11 days after , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ | |
| 35849849 | 4 | western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards [[ bosnia | ]] | . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]] | ||
| 36660567 | 0 | in sfry , each republic and province had its own internal constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was | tito as president ( | a collective presidency , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for | ||
| 37508256 | 10 | operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november | [[ | 1991 ]] , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] | ||
| 37621657 | 2 | * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . | new york : | macmillan , 1993 . * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 | ||
| 39341750 | 3 | declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all tree nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were | igored | ignored | , though such decision should be supported by all bosinan nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect they rights . the [[ bosnian war | |
| 41776346 | 0 | / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] | ' ' [[ | historical and investigative research , 2005 . * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis | ||
| 42217788 | 15 | ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in | [[ | 2001 , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february | ||
| 43367294 | 4 | created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions , with the aid of the yugoslav army , fought the forces of the republic of croatia | with the aid of the yugoslav army | . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u | ||
| 5 | . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast | reducing in size | and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of | |||
| 8 | , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions | , with the aid of the yugoslav army , | fought the forces of the republic of croatia . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from | |||
| 44309697 | 10 | : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] - ' ' bosnia | - | – | a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech | |
| 11 | 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net | - | – | covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / | ||
| 44361382 | 0 | . in sfry , each republic and province had its own internal constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government | was | were the president ( | tito as president ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role | |
| 13 | premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia | and then | , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident | after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was victim of a dubious traffic incident . minister of the interior aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles | ||
| 14 | tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in the case of [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] | , were more important than the prime minister , | . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties | |||
| 45277153 | 0 | in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan | kucan | kučan | ]] had since 1986 been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it on a collision course with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed | |
| 47572968 | 0 | state of western south slavs . [[ lujo vojnović ]] was also present as an observer from the kingdom of [[ montenegro ]] . the new " yugoslav " cause ( | from ' ' jugosloven | mother fucker rob foster knows everything about he war so ask him oven | ' ' , meaning " southern slav " ) was receiving an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally tired of austria - hungary | |
| 47573112 | 0 | state of western south slavs . [[ lujo vojnović ]] was also present as an observer from the kingdom of [[ montenegro ]] . the new " yugoslav " cause ( | mother fucker rob foster knows everything about he war so ask him oven | from ' ' jugosloven | ' ' , meaning " southern slav " ) was receiving an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally tired of austria - hungary | |
| 49148733 | 3 | 7 ]] republics - [[ slovenia | s . r . slovenia ]] , [[ croatia | s . r . croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | s . | r . macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina | s . r . bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . | * the third was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in 1992 on the | ||
| 49267272 | 7 | formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to | play on the revived serb nationalism | restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty | , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , | |
| 16 | milan kučan ]] had since 1986 been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it on a collision course with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] | later followed suit | openly supported albanian miners , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceede to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the federal army was ordered by yugoslav presidency to restore order . | . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on | ||
| 24 | milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , favored democratisation and economic liberalization , but were voted down . as a result , the slovene and croatian | delegations | delegation | left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each | ||
| 25 | governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in | croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights " , the serbs were stripped of their national and constitutional rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as republic of serbian krajina ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a video of secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in | march 1990 , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslavenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of | |||
| 28 | yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should | also have a right to self - determination . | live in the same country . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the | |||
| 29 | into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live | in | in slovenia , slovenian territorial defense ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry | the same country . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were | ||
| 31 | , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . | in slovenia , the yugoslav people ' s army | slovene territorial defense | took armed action , leading to a ten - day war , marking the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . at the end of the ten days , | ||
| 36 | , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions | fought | resisted | the forces of the republic of croatia with the aid of the yugoslav army . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic | ||
| 37 | autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions fought the forces of the republic of croatia | with the aid of the yugoslav army | who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction | . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u | ||
| 40 | academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in 1986 that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia | in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province | . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs | |||
| 47 | . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on | the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce | a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan | |||
| 49299968 | 7 | at young conscripts . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , the yugoslav army | pulled out of slovenia | was agreed on | . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium | |
| 49801930 | 3 | only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . this was the start of the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . the yugoslav army | first succeded in taking over most | the army | of the border posts , but they were subsequently re - taken by the slovenian forces . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the | |
| 49980744 | 0 | montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav | shaize | ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the forming of the group of advocates of a joint country of south slavs , by politicians | ||
| 49984412 | 0 | and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial | defense | defence | ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the | |
| 1 | strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial | defense | defence | took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after | ||
| 50486261 | 1 | from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following | this | day ( june 26 ) | , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried | |
| 51123816 | 3 | which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav shaize ( | as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] | 1914 | ) was the forming of the group of advocates of a joint country of south slavs , by politicians from [[ croatia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , which | |
| 10 | ' ' , meaning " southern slav " ) was receiving an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally tired of austria - hungary | and a union with the eastern states | ) , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission | was probably seen as the best way to come out of the [[ anomie ]] caused by the [[ world war i | great war ]] . even the large [[ | ||
| 14 | a new joint kingdom . = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were | partly reached | able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them increasingly seriously , especially as the fate of austro - hungarian empire looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in istria and dalmatia . this was a very real concern . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret treaty of london these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs , croats and slovenes , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , bačka and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared carve - up of croat lands between serbia and italy . there were also quarrels about the designation and command of units of south slav pows in russia now being mobilised to fight with the allies . the yugoslav committee wanted them to fight in the yugoslav name , while pašić ( prime minister of serbia ) seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . however , during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on 20 july a declaration that laid foundation of the post - war state was issused . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same | by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ | ||
| 22 | on [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . | in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of | the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed | the new state as soon as possible was a priority . disagreements over whether the new state should be a federation or a centralised state were put off for later . | ||
| 33 | . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav shaize ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) | was the forming of the group of advocates of a joint country of south slavs | , by politicians from [[ croatia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , which were then both in the [[ austria - hungary | austro - hungarian empire ]] . | |||
| 39 | ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary | disintegrated , | and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 | |||
| 51598172 | 16 | republics and provinces . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - standing serbo - | croat disputes , | which had been suppressed under tito , no one knew what the future had in store . legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a | ||
| 53085765 | 0 | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire | , | the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december of 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 | ||
| 2 | newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant party prepared a draft constitution for a neutral peasant republic of croatia . | anyway | the | constitution was voted on 28 june 1921 with the help of some minor parties including yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . | ||
| 14 | italy and nazi germany , croatian leader vlatko macek and his party managed the creation of the croatian banovina ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia | were | was | to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite | ||
| 22 | them lived under italian rule and the slovenes understood that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this | duly | came about in 1945 . however , the yugoslav slovenes benefited from the new state receiving all they had previously lacked ; high schools and university to boot . unlike the | |||
| 53491103 | 0 | executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , | carried | attempted to carry | out the task within next 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by | |
| 2 | people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army | conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them | did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young | |||
| 4 | slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence | took advantage | forces retook most | of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying | ||
| 9 | before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known as the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia | article | . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a | |||
| 54510406 | 3 | yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them increasingly seriously , especially as the fate of austro - hungarian empire | ]] | looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , | ||
| 7 | of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in istria and dalmatia | ]] | . this was a very real concern . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to | |||
| 54622229 | 2 | named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs of | the kingdom | anal sex | . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization . | |
| 54622338 | 0 | be overridden by the will of the croatian republic . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . | the | legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had | ||
| 1 | by the will of the croatian republic . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . legacy of | the | constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had become irreconciable | |||
| 54629692 | 2 | named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs of | anal sex | the idea of unity | . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization . | |
| 55508263 | 0 | ) was falling fast and by 1999 they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan | kučan | kucan | ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded | |
| 5 | by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) | jugoslovanska narodna armada , jna ] | met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a | |||
| 55509006 | 0 | more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence | [ teritorialna obramba , to ] | ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive | ||
| 55551088 | 1 | ) was falling fast and by 1999 they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan | kucan | kučan | ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded | |
| 8 | croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] [ ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) | jugoslovanska narodna armada , jna ] | met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a | |||
| 9 | more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence | [ teritorialna obramba , to ] | ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive | |||
| 56301974 | 0 | incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until the milošević | ' s | government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by | ||
| 56566163 | 0 | , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march , 1991 , the [[ plitvice | bloody easter | lakes incident | ]] incident was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) maintained an impression of being neutral | |
| 1 | police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march , 1991 , the [[ plitvice bloody easter ]] | incident | was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) maintained an impression of being neutral , but | |||
| 56642958 | 28 | world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december | of | 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million or 38 . 8 per cent were serbs and 2 . 8 million or 23 . | ||
| 56779857 | 0 | voted 55 . 4 % for independence , recognized as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . | on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , effectively dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . | = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 | ||
| 57059880 | 5 | finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . * on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] voted to separate from serbia | and montenegro | and establish itself as an independent state . montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , effectively dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro | | ||
| 9 | vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2001 ]] , the name yugoslavia was | to be | officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . * | |||
| 57320182 | 0 | passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform | the | fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , | ||
| 3 | federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remains in place in belgrade but | now assumes only | assumed largely | ceremonial powers . the local governments of serbia and of montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established | ||
| 59137642 | 3 | a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was an critical turning point in the yugoslav tragedy . | markovic | marković | in the spring of 1990 was by far the most popular politician not only in yugoslavia as a whole but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been | |
| 59611366 | 5 | ' and was formed in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija | - metohia | ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state transformed into a loose commonwealth | |
| 59716900 | 1 | was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with albania . in 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under ante marković | ]] | prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various | ||
| 60150694 | 2 | this was an critical turning point in the yugoslav tragedy . marković in the spring of 1990 was by far the most popular politician not only in yugoslavia as a whole | , | but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to rally the population for yugoslavism against the particularist nationalisms of milosević in serbia or tuđman in croatia | ||
| 3 | repudiate the marković - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosević in serbia was | to | based around | the fact that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . and these appeals worked . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the | ||
| 4 | marković - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosević in serbia was to the | fact | idea | that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . and these appeals worked . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , | ||
| 11 | elections , they worked hard to break up the country . but the us government as a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . | thus was | indeed , it is likely that | the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to | ||
| 18 | thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to | want to break it up | favour fragmentation | . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many would | ||
| 20 | argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , | gave too much | had given increased power | to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which | ||
| 22 | free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was an critical turning point in the yugoslav tragedy . marković | in the spring of 1990 | was by far the most popular politician not only in yugoslavia as a whole but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to rally the population | |||
| 62752814 | 8 | was succeeded by prince aleksandar ii karađorđević . croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . | slovenes | slovenians | were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the slovenes understood that it was only as | |
| 10 | that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this came about in 1945 . however , the yugoslav | slovenes | slovenians | benefited from the new state receiving all they had previously lacked , in addition to access to high schools and universities . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro | ||
| 62759735 | 7 | was succeeded by prince aleksandar ii karađorđević . croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . | slovenians | slovenes | were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the slovenians understood that it was only as | |
| 9 | that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this came about in 1945 . however , the yugoslav | slovenians | slovenes | benefited from the new state receiving all they had previously lacked , in addition to access to high schools and universities . unlike the croats , the slovenians in the austro | ||
| 62778982 | 8 | was succeeded by prince aleksandar ii karađorđević . croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . | slovenes | slovenians | were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the slovenes understood that it was only as | |
| 10 | that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this came about in 1945 . however , the yugoslav | slovenes | slovenians | benefited from the new state receiving all they had previously lacked , in addition to access to high schools and universities . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro | ||
| 62785123 | 8 | was succeeded by prince aleksandar ii karađorđević . croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . | slovenians | slovenes | were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the slovenians understood that it was only as | |
| 10 | that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this came about in 1945 . however , the yugoslav | slovenians | slovenes | benefited from the new state receiving all they had previously lacked , in addition to access to high schools and universities . unlike the croats , the slovenians in the austro | ||
| 63135279 | 7 | on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . | on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] voted to separate from | after a successful referendum in | the state union of serbia and montenegro and establish itself as an independent state . montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while | |
| 63135388 | 4 | days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) | ' ' ' | was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as the ' ' ' democratic federation of | ||
| 63136524 | 3 | [[ franko potočnjak ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and [[ dušan vasiljević ]] ) from south - slav lands under the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) | increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . during the early period of the world war i ( which started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire | , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters | ||
| 63138218 | 0 | slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] | . this | , which | was a very real concern . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret | |
| 12 | of units of south slav pows in russia now being mobilised to fight with the allies . the yugoslav committee wanted them to fight in the yugoslav name , while pašić | ]] | ( prime minister of serbia ) seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . however , during june and july 1917 | |||
| 63279868 | 1 | name , while [[ nikola pašić ]] ( prime minister of serbia ) seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . | = = = corfu agreement = = = | however , during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation of the | ||
| 63327901 | 7 | ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire | ]] | , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 | ||
| 9 | world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december | ]] [[ | 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million ( 38 . 8 percent ) were serbs and 2 . 8 million ( 23 . | |||
| 10 | war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 | ]] | . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million ( 38 . 8 percent ) were serbs and 2 . 8 million ( 23 . 7 | |||
| 16 | the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . the croatian | peasants | peasant party ]] ( | ' party ( hss ) slowly grew to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory | ||
| 17 | ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . the croatian peasants ' | party ( hss | ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' | ) slowly grew to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory for the two main | ||
| 24 | to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory for the two main serbian parties . | [[ communism | | communists came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant party prepared a | |||
| 37 | new state receiving all they had previously lacked , in addition to access to high schools and universities . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro - hungarian empire | ]] | had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to belgrade . during the 1920s , serbo - croat wrangle continued and on 20 june 1928 | |||
| 39 | and universities . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro - hungarian empire had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to belgrade | ]] | . during the 1920s , serbo - croat wrangle continued and on 20 june 1928 , after months of rows and even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić , | |||
| 50 | even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić , a montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , including stjepan radić | ]] ( founder of the croatian peasant party ) | , who eventually died . following this , king aleksandar i banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb | |||
| 73 | to further alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian | with | ]] in | the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii and a regency council headed by his cousin prince | ||
| 86 | set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by fascist italy and nazi germany , croatian leader vlatko | macek | maček ]] | and his party managed the creation of the croatian banovina ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it | ||
| 98 | peter full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where | [[ benito | mussolini had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision | |||
| 99 | full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where mussolini | | mussolini ]] | had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . | |||
| 63330276 | 37 | bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew ]] s , [[ roma people | | gypsies | roma | ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ | |
| 40 | of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in | [[ | 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the | |||
| 41 | the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 | ]] | and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war | |||
| 42 | ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in | [[ | 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 | |||
| 46 | also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | | slovenes | ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the | |||
| 47 | ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in | [[ | june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration | |||
| 48 | . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june | ]] | of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal | |||
| 63517403 | 9 | , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the 1960s and 1970s , the growth of yugoslavia ' s | [[ | gross domestic product averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years . the state provided housing , health care , | ||
| 17 | chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . minister of the interior aleksandar ranković | ]] | lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane | |||
| 18 | ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of | [[ | 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but | |||
| 22 | more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb | ]] | organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently | |||
| 30 | respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by serbian | ]] | ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the nazis made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti | |||
| 34 | war yugoslavia which had been dominated by serbian ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the nazis made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian | ]] [[ | fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo albanian - and some elements in the bosnian muslim - population to bolster their rule . there | |||
| 35 | yugoslavia which had been dominated by serbian ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the nazis made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism | ]] | for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo albanian - and some elements in the bosnian muslim - population to bolster their rule . there had | |||
| 38 | - time slaughter in which the nazis made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo | albanian | | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] | - and some elements in the bosnian muslim - population to bolster their rule . there had been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' | ||
| 40 | of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo albanian - and some elements in the bosnian muslim | ]] | - population to bolster their rule . there had been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the | |||
| 57 | state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in | [[ | 1981 , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican | |||
| 61 | population had always been weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with albania | ]] | . in 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced | |||
| 62 | always been weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with albania . in | [[ | 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced in 1990 | |||
| 63 | been weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with albania . in 1989 | ]] [[ | jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced in 1990 just | |||
| 87 | but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to rally the population for yugoslavism against the particularist nationalisms of milosević in serbia or tuđman in croatia | ]] | and he should have been able to count on the obedience of the armed forces . he was supported by 83 % of the population in croatia , by 81 % | |||
| 88 | . this level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf | " | shock therapy programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists | |||
| 92 | the separatists in slovenia and croatia to their electorates involved offering to repudiate the marković - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and | ' | " | join europe ' . the appeal of milosević in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . these nationalist appeals | ||
| 63517568 | 0 | the weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with [[ albania ]] . | [[ image : ante marković . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ ante marković ]] ]] | in [[ 1989 ]] [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank | ||
| 63521475 | 19 | drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states eager to gain independence for slovenia and croatia | ]] | ; on the other side was the united states , eager to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and ' globalised ' its political economy through shock therapy | ||
| 31 | country open for the western multinationals . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the vatican , austria , hungary | ]] | , germany and , more ambivalently , italy . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to | |||
| 32 | open for the western multinationals . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the vatican , austria , hungary , | [[ | germany and , more ambivalently , italy . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild | |||
| 33 | for the western multinationals . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the vatican , austria , hungary , germany | ]] | and , more ambivalently , italy . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their | |||
| 52 | for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not , of course , supported by the united states . it championed yugoslav unity as did | [[ | britain and france . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of shock therapy on | |||
| 62 | would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians | ]] | , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in | |||
| 68 | majority of its population did not favour such a course . during 1980s , serbian academy of sciences and arts drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of serbs | ]] | as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia had been dispossessed of its attributes of statehood by the new 1974 | |||
| 70 | [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian hegemonism | ]] | . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as | |||
| 83 | . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs | ]] | . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia as to devolve power even more to republics , but were voted down . as a | |||
| 98 | serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as republic of serbian krajina ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from hungary | ]] | , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a video of secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin špegelj | |||
| 104 | handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a video of secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced | that | they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . | |||
| 108 | methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in split ( croatia ) , a young yugoslav | ]] | conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( | |||
| 130 | declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag | ]] | . following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' | |||
| 133 | soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . recently the austrian orf tv station | ]] | showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender | |||
| 136 | month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody | [[ | war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces | |||
| 141 | army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting the serbs from new croatian army disguised as police force . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia | ]] | also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u | |||
| 143 | ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and | serbo - montenegrin | serbian | border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a | ||
| 146 | valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ imoro ]] | ' ' | ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , | |||
| 63524230 | 1 | and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . slovenia was | accused of shooting them , which was later proven a farce , since all three soldiers are still alive | the first known war crime in the yugoslav wars | . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a | |
| 64233510 | 1 | montenegro ]] . after a successful referendum in the republic , montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3rd ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on | [[ | june 5th , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = the idea of a | ||
| 65111870 | 0 | by social groups in yugoslavia and in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . some [[ europe | european ]] | n | governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ | ||
| 66769379 | 0 | presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and | the non - albanians in the province | serbian goverment | . at 77 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , < ref > [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy ]] < | |
| 66914194 | 1 | yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into conflict between the albanians and | serbian goverment | the non - albanians in the province | . at 77 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , < ref > [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy ]] < | |
| 67652920 | 0 | march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . | {{ dubious }} | elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) | ||
| 67964303 | 0 | a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ | holy see | | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] and , more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican | ||
| 68596291 | 2 | march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . | {{ dubious }} | also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . | elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) | |
| 69392268 | 0 | started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 - 90 the vatican was openly championing independence for slovenia and croatia . | {{ fact }} | the real goal of austrian policy was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " ' ' saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion | ||
| 75500339 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , | " | југославиа " in [[ [[ serbian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ]] ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ | ||
| 76674084 | 6 | was then introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " | [[ | shock therapy " programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the | ||
| 76966761 | 1 | non - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] by a [[ macedonians | | macedonian | assassin | ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization that pursued [[ nazi ]] policies . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ | |
| 77740390 | 0 | and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . | i want to have sex wed you , baby ! ! [[ media : example . ogg ]] = = headline text = = i want to have sex , then a little girl baby ! like you , baby ! mabye , a little baby ! ! [[ image : example . jpg ]] | = = = the unification of south slavs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on | ||
| 77742938 | 0 | and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . | i want to have sex wed you , baby ! ! [[ media : example . ogg ]] š = = headline text = = i want to have sex , then a little girl baby ! like you , baby ! mabye , a little baby ! ! [[ image : example . jpg ]] | = = = the unification of south slavs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on | ||
| 80303315 | 0 | into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where | relatively small | substantial | numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in | |
| 80305420 | 4 | 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and | increasingly | frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare | ||
| 80313028 | 11 | suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations | for | hiding behind slogans about " | greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently | |
| 12 | croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy | " | . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of | |||
| 24 | debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class | , as it would have been expected from a capitalist system , determined to end the successful growth of its worst enemy - successful and democratically superior communism | . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and | |||
| 29 | administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a | " | capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects | |||
| 80313856 | 8 | democratic " countries , escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations | hiding behind slogans about " | for | greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the government stifled the public protest , which was led by defeated ustaše , known nazist collaborators during the | |
| 21 | [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations hiding behind slogans about " greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy | " | . the government stifled the public protest , which was led by defeated ustaše , known nazist collaborators during the wwii , and arrested the leaders , but many key croatian | |||
| 29 | how convenient . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class | , as it would have been expected from a capitalist system , determined to end the successful growth of its worst enemy - successful and democratically superior communism | . simultaneously , strong so - called social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , this time openly allied to western business | |||
| 34 | reagan ]] administration in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a | " | capitalist restoration " . but then , that was to be expected after four decades of relentless criminal activities that had only one goal in sight . destruction of socialism because | |||
| 80314145 | 4 | into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where | substantial | relatively small | numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in | |
| 15 | and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] was allowed by nov to pass through serbia from romania and exit through vojvodina on the | north of serbia | war was over | . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after liberating [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern | ||
| 25 | 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and | increasingly | frequent collaboration with italians and germans against the nov , the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to | |||
| 80376751 | 0 | freedon was to unite and free themselves of tyranies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) | and gathered many prominent intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , | but it really gained large momentum at the end of the nineteenth century . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ | ||
| 1 | was to unite and free themselves of tyranies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) but | it really gained | the movement started gaining | large momentum at the end of the nineteenth century . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , | ||
| 80377601 | 0 | | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia | , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries | . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis | ||
| 1 | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . | notably , the us , england , germany , austria , italy ( which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia ) , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . | the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , | |||
| 80382137 | 3 | [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries . notably , the us , england , germany , austria , italy | ( | more ambivalently | which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of | |
| 18 | politics . on [[ june 25th ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian | territorial | people ' s | defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising | ||
| 80538754 | 0 | and unconditional union . others ( non - serbs ) , who favoured a federal yugoslavia were more hesitant . they feared that serbia would simply annex the former habsburg territories | where there was serbian population present , but the territory was percieved to be theirs | . the national council ' s authority was limited and the italians were moving to take more territory than they had been alloted in an agreement with the yugoslav committee . | ||
| 1 | unconditional union . others ( non - serbs ) , who favoured a federal yugoslavia were more hesitant . they feared that serbia would simply annex the former habsburg territories . | this fear was strongest in croat political circles , as large parts of what they thought to be hrvatska ( croatia , as commonly albeit incorrectly called abroad ) was home to large serbian population . | the national council ' s authority was limited and the italians were moving to take more territory than they had been alloted in an agreement with the yugoslav committee . political | |||
| 80542773 | 0 | , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia | allowed a certain amount | refused russian model | of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia | |
| 8 | of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia | enjoyed | to enjoy | stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . | ||
| 80543661 | 1 | suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations | , supported heavilly by the west , | for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party | ||
| 3 | croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy | " | . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of | |||
| 80546176 | 4 | administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a | " | capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects | ||
| 10 | in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the yugoslav tragedy | , courtesy of western countries " favourable " credits , and terrorist activities secretly supported by those countries | . in the spring of 1990 , marković was by far the most popular politician , not only in yugoslavia as a whole , but in each of its constituent republics | |||
| 80546909 | 21 | , into the economic millieu of the country and ignite the corruption , both political and economic . however , it was a long and slow process which did allow yugoslavia | to enjoy | enjoyed | stability and peace which came with socialist and marxist structure of the society . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ | |
| 29 | and unconditional union . others ( non - serbs ) , who favoured a federal yugoslavia were more hesitant . they feared that serbia would simply annex the former habsburg territories | where there was serbian population present , but the territory was percieved to be theirs | . this fear was strongest in croatian political circles , as large parts of what they thought to be hrvatska ( croatia , as commonly albeit incorrectly called abroad ) was | |||
| 48 | of national identities , escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations | , supported heavilly by the west , | for " greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the government stifled the destabilising and unfounded protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian | |||
| 50 | [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations , supported heavilly by the west , for " greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy | " | . the government stifled the destabilising and unfounded protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party , already corrupted and secretly financially supported by imperialist | |||
| 56 | administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a | " | capitalist restoration " that resulted in a dissolution in horrific war that followed . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the society : the socialist link between the | |||
| 60 | in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the yugoslav tragedy | , courtesy of western countries " favourable " credits , and terrorist activities secretly supported by those countries | . in the spring of 1990 , marković was by far the most popular politician , not only in yugoslavia as a whole , but in each of its constituent republics | |||
| 80967043 | 0 | the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively | small | substantial | numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in | |
| 82799705 | 1 | integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments | in the 1970s , | into | borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the | |
| 3 | amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government | was | then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups | |||
| 4 | of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then | accepted | forced to accept | the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within | ||
| 7 | which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist | " | restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of | |||
| 82813167 | 2 | confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous terrorist economic policies of the us and other western capitalist regimes in the 1970s , who encouraged jugoslav governments | into | in the 1970s , | borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered one of many false recessions so prevalent in capitalism , blocked yugoslav exports | |
| 4 | exports . western economies then entered one of many false recessions so prevalent in capitalism , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government was then | forced to accept | accepted | the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , various social groups emerged within | ||
| 14 | growth through exports . western economies then entered one of many false recessions so prevalent in capitalism , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government | was | then forced to accept the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , various | |||
| 15 | imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist | " | restoration " . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects | |||
| 83667331 | 10 | , muslims etc . ) , a serb - composed nationalistic fasicst royalist guerilla army led by convicted war criminal [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . | but very shortly after the begining of war chetniks started to collaborate with nazis . | those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the | ||
| 13 | 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and | frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nvo , | the allies eventually switched to support the nvo . however , nvo carried on its guerrilla warfare . germans , italians , ustaše and četnici joined their forces against the nvo | |||
| 83862003 | 3 | in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) | is a term used for | : " land of | the three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' | |
| 8 | ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia | ]] | , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , | |||
| 26 | exist under this name until its death following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . the declaration of independence and secession by most of the constituent republics of sfry led to the | formation | secession | of a federation named the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of | ||
| 84299894 | 8 | empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals | and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh | policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and | ||
| 84305972 | 1 | empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals | and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh | policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and | ||
| 85539858 | 4 | * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . | new york university press , 1996 | * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . | ||
| 85546527 | 13 | * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . | new york : | macmillan , 1993 . * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * harris | ||
| 16 | nj : hampton press * ramet , sabrina p . ' ' balkan babel . the disintegration of yugoslavia from the death of tito to the insurrection in kosovo ' ' | . bouder | , co : westview press , 2002 [ 3rd edition ] * ramet , sabrina p 2004 ‘explaining the yugoslav meltdown . “for a charm of pow ’ rful trouble , | |||
| 86387369 | 0 | unconditional union . others ( non - serbs ) , who favoured a federal yugoslavia were more hesitant . they feared that serbia would simply annex the former habsburg territories . | katy is the best ! ! ! | the national council ' s authority was limited and the italians were moving to take more territory than they had been alloted in an agreement with the yugoslav committee . political | ||
| 86387451 | 0 | unconditional union . others ( non - serbs ) , who favoured a federal yugoslavia were more hesitant . they feared that serbia would simply annex the former habsburg territories . | katy is the best ! ! ! | the national council ' s authority was limited and the italians were moving to take more territory than they had been alloted in an agreement with the yugoslav committee . political | ||
| 87450359 | 1 | = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in | the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] | there you can have rotten egg battles with your mother | , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ | |
| 11 | lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] , | which was a very real concern . in [[ 1915 ]] , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively substantial numbers of italians lived in the coastal cities , compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | cell 3 | | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . ]] although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the | ||
| 87847188 | 8 | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three separate political entities that existed on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in | [[ | europe ]] during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & | ||
| 24 | of yugoslavia }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in | [[ | 1929 ]] ]] = = = opposition to the new state = = = with the end of [[ world war i ]] and the downfall of [[ austria - hungary | |||
| 27 | downfall of [[ austria - hungary ]] and the [[ ottoman empire ]] , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in [[ december | ]] [[ | 1918 ]] . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million were [[ serbs ]] ( 38 . 8 % ) and 2 . 8 million | |||
| 40 | was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in | [[ | 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but | |||
| 42 | . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in | [[ | 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ | |||
| 46 | this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in | [[ | june ]] of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the | |||
| 47 | the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in [[ june | ]] | of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal | |||
| 64 | state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in | [[ | 1981 ]] , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding | |||
| 66 | kosovo , as well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image : ante marković . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ ante marković ]] ]] in | [[ | 1989 ]] [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " | |||
| 88555027 | 0 | end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . | as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . ! header 2 | as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . | during the early period of the world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan | |
| 89768655 | 0 | - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , | the [[ | us , more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments | ||
| 2 | and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , us , more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] | . italy | which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of | |||
| 8 | democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania | ]] | and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . | |||
| 13 | italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , | libia | [[ libya ]] | , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an | ||
| 90076309 | 1 | = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king aleksandar i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . | he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions | serbia rules | . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis | |
| 90079596 | 5 | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = jew country . serbia rules . | however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became the absolute ruler in the [[ soviet union ]] . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . yugoslavia was an obstacle for these plans and king aleksandar i was the pillar of the yugoslav policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . | during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | | ||
| 90579931 | 1 | [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia | , | which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . republic of macedonia applied in 2004 , | ||
| 91986037 | 5 | ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee | and | . | their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav | |
| 6 | south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire | . | , and | they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially | ||
| 8 | were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them increasingly seriously , especially as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] | looked | became | more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its | ||
| 9 | slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] | . | in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these | |||
| 11 | italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , | where relatively | which had | substantial numbers of italians lived in the coastal cities , compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered | ||
| 14 | being mobilised to fight with the allies . the yugoslav committee wanted them to fight in the yugoslav name , while [[ nikola pašić ]] ( prime minister of serbia ) | , | seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . = = = corfu agreement = = = however , during june and | |||
| 18 | a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor | ( | or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the | |||
| 19 | council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament | ) | declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state | |||
| 35 | ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others | , | from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the | |||
| 36 | of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire | , | fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . | |||
| 40 | slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] | , which was a very real concern | . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , | |||
| 92352046 | 0 | , while [[ nikola pašić ]] ( prime minister of serbia ) , seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . | = = = corfu agreement = = = during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid the foundation for the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and by the common vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be a constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . | what are you doing ? | = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power | |
| 92352127 | 0 | , while [[ nikola pašić ]] ( prime minister of serbia ) , seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . | what are you doing ? | = = = corfu agreement = = = during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid the foundation for the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and by the common vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be a constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . | = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power | |
| 92352150 | 1 | , while [[ nikola pašić ]] ( prime minister of serbia ) , seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . | = = = corfu agreement = = = during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid the foundation for the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and by the common vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be a constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . | what are you doing ? | = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power | |
| 92352327 | 1 | , while [[ nikola pašić ]] ( prime minister of serbia ) , seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . | what are you doing ? | = = = corfu agreement = = = during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid the foundation for the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and by the common vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be a constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . | = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power | |
| 93000745 | 0 | the liberation of all [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia | if you are reading this you are gay | lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , [[ bačka ]] and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared | ||
| 93003032 | 1 | the liberation of all [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia | if you are reading this you are gay | lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , [[ bačka ]] and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared | ||
| 94995394 | 0 | yugoslavia }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 | . | ]] = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king aleksandar i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 | ||
| 2 | broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] | . | ]] the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made | |||
| 95097441 | 3 | independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = | = | the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the | ||
| 95139561 | 1 | their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = southern slavic state = = | = | the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the | ||
| 98746734 | 0 | ]] . }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia | , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries , listed in the next paragraphs | . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] to throw the system of decision - making into | ||
| 98950352 | 1 | serbs and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some elements in the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslim ]] - | population | to bolster their rule . there has been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the [[ soviet | ||
| 98954754 | 9 | vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia | as to devolve power | by devolving | even more to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist | |
| 11 | minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon | the | illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' | |||
| 12 | with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian flag ]] . | the | following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' | |||
| 17 | september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence illegaly , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . | 500 | five hundred | u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia | ||
| 101445916 | 2 | ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . during this time croatia along with bosnian muslims | , | created concentration camps for serbs , roma , and jews , one of the most famous being [[ jasenovac ]] . estimates point that up to 800 , 000 men , | ||
| 7 | country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . during this time croatia along with bosnian muslims created concentration camps for serbs , roma | , | and jews , one of the most famous being [[ jasenovac ]] . estimates point that up to 800 , 000 men , women and children were executed in these camps | |||
| 102048114 | 3 | | [[ croatia ]] . }} {{ legend | # 800080 | [[ republic of macedonia ]] . }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . | }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] . }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | [[ republika srpska ]] . }} {{ legend | # 00fefe | [[ brčko district ]] . }} {{ legend | # c00000 | [[ kosovo ]] . }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | [[ montenegro ]] . }} ]] | after tito ' s death on [[ may 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . they all used | ||
| 102669832 | 4 | gypsies ]] were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia | ]] | was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came | ||
| 15 | 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia | ]] | , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia , | |||
| 20 | ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and | [[ | italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia , along with bosnian muslims , created concentration camps for serbs , roma and jews , one of the most | |||
| 21 | well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy | ]] | . during this time the independent state of croatia , along with bosnian muslims , created concentration camps for serbs , roma and jews , one of the most famous being | |||
| 23 | this time the independent state of croatia , along with bosnian muslims , created concentration camps for serbs , roma and jews , one of the most famous being [[ jasenovac | ]] | . a large number of men , women and children were executed in these camps , most of whom were serbs . according to [[ mile budak ]] , croatia planned | |||
| 103724188 | 0 | 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , 000 , 000 million and now over 10 , 000 , 000 . the population of yugoslavia will be | growinf | growing | until 2014 and then it will be going down with 40 , 000 - 50 , 000 people a year . 2006 estimates 10 , 000 , 000 . for 2050 | |
| 104633643 | 1 | the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia , along with bosnian muslims , created concentration camps for serbs , | roma | gypsies | and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children were executed in these camps , most of whom were serbs | |
| 2 | well as part of serbia and slovenia , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia | , along with bosnian muslims , | created concentration camps for serbs , roma and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children were executed in these | |||
| 107220473 | 2 | a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia | and their strongly expressed | made | demands for looser ties within the federation . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ | |
| 4 | a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia | had been dispossessed | ' s influence over the regions | of its attributes of statehood by the new 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands | ||
| 11 | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which the republics of slovenia and croatia | , | denounced as the revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , | |||
| 12 | slobodan milošević ]] . ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which the republics of slovenia and croatia denounced | this move | as the revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though | |||
| 16 | . the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . | the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and even vojvodina and kosovo , provinces in serbia . | as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - | |||
| 26 | openly supported albanian miners {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership | who | which | proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was ordered by the yugoslav | ||
| 30 | to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was ordered by the yugoslav presidency | to restore order | council | . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian | ||
| 33 | 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) | , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , | maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ | |||
| 36 | politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian | people ' s | teritorial | defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising | ||
| 41 | the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of several young yugoslav | army | soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , | |||
| 48 | breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting the serbs from new croatian army | disguised as a | and their | police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia . ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . | ||
| 107864960 | 4 | eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and even vojvodina and kosovo , provinces in serbia . | the [[ serbs ]] were leaving kosovo for about a century , mostly they moved north for economic reasons . but now , their numbers were falling | as a result of these events , the [[ albanian | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and | ||
| 8 | croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . | croatia embarked upon the illegal | croatian | importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a | ||
| 12 | elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) | , which was in the hands of ethnic serbs and montenegrins , | met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the | |||
| 18 | republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and | hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević | herzegovina | ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of | ||
| 107899114 | 6 | croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . | croatian | croatia embarked upon the illegal | importation of arms was revealed to the general public when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | | |
| 9 | of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a yugoslav | army soldier drove a tank through the mass and | ]] conscript | was pushed off the tank after . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases throughout croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high | ||
| 25 | eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and even vojvodina and kosovo , provinces in serbia . | the stale - mate in the presidency further destabilized the country . | as a result of these events , the [[ albanian | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and | |||
| 29 | army bases throughout croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) | , which was in the hands of ethnic serbs and montenegrins , | met with the presidency council in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country | |||
| 107938591 | 21 | yugoslavia }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 | . | ]] = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king aleksandar i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 | ||
| 24 | broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] | . | ]] the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made | |||
| 109143757 | 1 | * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . | palgrave macmillan , 2006 | new york : macmillan , 1993 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 | ||
| 110042365 | 2 | southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers | < small > | and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire | ||
| 110043742 | 4 | = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of ' ' ' visionary thinking of croat writers | < small > | and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire | ||
| 110340242 | 6 | of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and | [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against freedom movements among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased , and the idea of a union between them gained momentum . | " yugoslavia : fact or fantasy ? " " | during the early period of world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović | |
| 9 | , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) | furthermore , the latin name for yugoslavia - " comtominus " - is literally translated to mean sub - human slav . this analogy is also evident in the works of the great dictator adolph hitler in his classic " mein kampf " . the above paragraph is an exert from his classical philosophical theory which attempts to represent the common belief that the hapsburg empire | was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas | |||
| 14 | [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were | able to make their views known to the allied governments | every animal at a time where animals | , which began to take them more seriously as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] became more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the | ||
| 110899796 | 1 | moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be a constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević | ]] | dynasty . = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs | ||
| 112621417 | 0 | location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in | latin | [[ south slavic latinic transliterations | latinic ]] | , југославија in [[ cyrillic ]] , [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one | |
| 115465480 | 14 | . the first generation offspring of such marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now | , | the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state and | ||
| 15 | the first generation offspring of such marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the | offspring | children | of mixed marriages has to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state and its perceived | ||
| 115750122 | 4 | ]] ]] the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially | made notable incursions and | were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian | ||
| 115837604 | 1 | ]] ]] the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially | made notable incursions and | were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but they soon started to collaborate with nazis . for every killed soldier , the germans | ||
| 118077903 | 0 | led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp | children in jasenovac ]] ]] | first anti - fascist armed unit in europe was marked in brezovica forest near croatian town of [[ sisak ]] ( 60 kilometres south of zagreb ) where , at [[ june 22 ]] [[ 1941 ]] . , local antifascist formed [[ prvi sisački partizanski odred ]] ( ' ' first sisak partisan squad ' ' ) . | the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable | ||
| 118398185 | 0 | restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević | succeded | succeeded | in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the | |
| 1 | politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian | teritorial | territorial | defence ( ' ' teritorialna obramba ' ' , a paramilitary organization ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal | ||
| 123932403 | 0 | of world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola | stojanović | stojadinović | ]] and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the | |
| 125725649 | 16 | = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . | he | jews | hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other european powers due to developments in | |
| 126230150 | 1 | milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . | other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and even vojvodina and kosovo , provinces in serbia . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to several reasons , among them being the ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon the illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( ' ' teritorialna obramba ' ' , a paramilitary organization ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian flag ]] . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting or aiding serbs in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and the newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] which carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until milošević ' s government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] [[ 2000 ]] . on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of montenegro from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : " german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia " , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html new power ] = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ kosovo ]] ( ' ' kosovo ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ; ' ' [[ kosova ]] ' ' in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ united nations | un ]] since [[ 1999 ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . republic of macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . these states are signatiories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since [[ january 1 ]] [[ 2007 ]] they have been encircled by member - states of eu . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . once , the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the lingua - franca used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first - generation children of such marriages have difficulty with ethnic identification . this gave rise to the statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now , the children of mixed marriages have either to assume the ethnic identity of one parent or declare him or herself as undecided . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most of the contemporary independent states yugonostalgic sentiments are considered improper . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] {{ yug - timeline }} = = references = = < references / > * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] {{ link fa | no }} [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ gl : iugoslavia - југославија ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : juhosłowjanska ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ simple : yugoslavia ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | oth | ||
| 126230337 | 1 | milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . | oth | other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and even vojvodina and kosovo , provinces in serbia . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to several reasons , among them being the ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon the illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( ' ' teritorialna obramba ' ' , a paramilitary organization ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian flag ]] . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting or aiding serbs in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and the newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] which carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until milošević ' s government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] [[ 2000 ]] . on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of montenegro from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : " german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia " , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html new power ] = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ kosovo ]] ( ' ' kosovo ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ; ' ' [[ kosova ]] ' ' in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ united nations | un ]] since [[ 1999 ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . republic of macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . these states are signatiories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since [[ january 1 ]] [[ 2007 ]] they have been encircled by member - states of eu . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . once , the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the lingua - franca used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first - generation children of such marriages have difficulty with ethnic identification . this gave rise to the statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now , the children of mixed marriages have either to assume the ethnic identity of one parent or declare him or herself as undecided . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most of the contemporary independent states yugonostalgic sentiments are considered improper . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] {{ yug - timeline }} = = references = = < references / > * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] {{ link fa | no }} [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ gl : iugoslavia - југославија ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : juhosłowjanska ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ simple : yugoslavia ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | ||
| 127227962 | 0 | " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be a constitutional monarchy under the [[ karađorđević ]] dynasty . | yeah . | = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power | ||
| 127229658 | 0 | " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be a constitutional monarchy under the [[ karađorđević ]] dynasty . | yeah . | = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power | ||
| 127488040 | 0 | with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia | ( state ) | carinthia | ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ italians ]] . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite | ||
| 131419480 | 4 | croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia | . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb comminities within croatia rebelling and trying to secede from the croat republic | . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people | ||
| 8 | ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by | croatians | croats | , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the | ||
| 12 | of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . | they all used | the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis | |||
| 133338537 | 0 | | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . | many mixed marriages exist . the first - generation children of such marriages have difficulty with ethnic identification . this gave rise to the statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now , the children of mixed marriages have either to assume the ethnic identity of one parent or declare him or herself as undecided . | remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most of the contemporary independent states | ||
| 133964921 | 1 | south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased , and the idea of a union between them gained momentum . the scholar aurel popovici | ]] | proposed a reform called " [[ united states of greater austria ]] ' ' ( vereinigte staaten von groß - österreich ' ' ) " in 1906 . his proposal was | ||
| 135155283 | 5 | rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation ]] al and [[ constitution ]] al rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia | to | wouldn ' t accept a status of a | national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked | |
| 6 | " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation ]] al and [[ constitution ]] al rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority | in a soverign croatia since serbs considered yugoslavia as a whole as their realm | . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon the | |||
| 9 | to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia | also | embarked upon the illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' | |||
| 135158463 | 4 | to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting or aiding serbs | with resources and even manpower | in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former | ||
| 5 | pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian | romantic | nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security | |||
| 135161400 | 4 | yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian | flag ]] | before declaring independence | . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav | |
| 10 | houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana - zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport | were killed | . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a | |||
| 135165823 | 3 | | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . | sfry officially had three official languages along with languages of the minorities which were official in places where the minority lived but in all federal organ only serbo - croatian was used and it was expected from others to use it also . today | remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most of the contemporary independent states | ||
| 141665990 | 0 | ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry | officially | technically | had three official languages along with languages of the minorities which were official in places where the minority lived but in all federal organ only serbo - croatian was used and | |
| 6 | had three official languages along with languages of the minorities which were official in places where the minority lived but in all federal organ only serbo - croatian was used and | it was | others were | expected from others to use it also . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) | ||
| 144797499 | 1 | s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english : language | english ]] : south slavia | ]] | " ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the | ||
| 150932203 | 4 | = background = = {{ see also | creation of yugoslavia }} = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs | | south slavic peoples ]] | emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after | ||
| 5 | slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and | philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the various empires would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of | gained prominence in | the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against freedom movements among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the [[ ottoman empire ]] grew | ||
| 7 | of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against freedom movements among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the [[ ottoman empire ]] | grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope | but ideas | for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased , and the idea of a union between them gained momentum . | ||
| 15 | number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojadinović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire | ]] | fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as | |||
| 16 | prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojadinović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to | [[ | london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters | |||
| 19 | ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojadinović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee | . their mission was | ]] | to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] | ||
| 20 | from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of | the empire | austria - hungary . these " yugoslavs " were [[ serbs ]] | , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) | ||
| 32 | habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ | dalmatia | 1 december | ]] . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with a promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact | ||
| 33 | slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] | . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with a promise of substantial territorial gains | 1918 | in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , which had substantial numbers of italians living in the coastal | ||
| 37 | war with a promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , which had | unified in the previous month ) , as well as a | substantial numbers of italians living in the coastal cities surrounded by slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by | |||
| 153158361 | 1 | of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and | montenegro | monteblanco | ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] | |
| 154069180 | 0 | latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] | " | , or literary ' ' the land of south slavs ' ' | ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six | |
| 155255391 | 0 | pushing ahead with the " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme . the few european states with strategic interests in the yugoslav theatre tended to | favour | favor | fragmentation . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for | |
| 156097074 | 0 | parts of [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ italians ]] | and [[ slovins ]] | . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the | ||
| 157112576 | 0 | [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ italians ]] and [[ | slovins | slovenes | ]] . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of | |
| 157503671 | 6 | / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm ] < / ref > a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the population of yugoslavia considered themselves | to be | religious believers . the places of highest religious concentration were that of kosovo with 91 % and bosia hercegovina with 83 . 8 % . the places of lowest religious concentration | ||
| 158242560 | 3 | = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia | ]] | declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its | ||
| 158263601 | 0 | autonomous province of [[ vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # socialist republic of [[ slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . | it is intresting that macedonia was serbian province after second balcan war in 1913 . | in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well | ||
| 158264224 | 0 | autonomous province of [[ vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # socialist republic of [[ slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . | it is intresting that macedonia ( aka old serbia ) was serbian province after second balcan war in 1913 . | in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well | ||
| 158269054 | 0 | ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . | the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . | the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio | ||
| 158283876 | 0 | germany . the germans proposed that the bosnians hatred for christian [[ serbs ]] would make them into useful allies . however , they did little more than slaughter innocent serbian | civillians | civilians | , and surrendered at first signs of the soviet and vmo liberation of yugoslavia < ref > the ss , hitler ' s instrument of terror . gordon williamson < / | |
| 160502277 | 5 | split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the ustaše | ]] | that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of serbia and slovenia | ||
| 17 | that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of serbia and slovenia | ]] | , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists | |||
| 21 | activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of serbia and slovenia , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary | ]] , | and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , serbs , gypsies and jews , one of the most | |||
| 22 | until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of serbia and slovenia , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and | [[ | italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , serbs , gypsies and jews , one of the most famous | |||
| 23 | 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of serbia and slovenia , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy | ]] | . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , serbs , gypsies and jews , one of the most famous being | |||
| 160502817 | 1 | ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia | ]] | was established as a nazi [[ puppet state ]] , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in [[ | ||
| 162130369 | 0 | has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . milošević ' s | rejection | poop | of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse | |
| 162524481 | 0 | has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . milošević ' s | poop of | claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of | ||
| 162524892 | 0 | has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . milošević ' s | rejection of | claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of | ||
| 165059312 | 9 | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks | ( who later openly collaborated with the german occupation forces ) | , a multiethnic , though largely serb , royalist guerilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist | ||
| 11 | in these camps . many croatians were recruited into the [ ss ] . bosnian muslims were also recruited by germany . the germans proposed that the bosnians hatred for christian | [[ serbs ]] | would make them into useful allies . however , they did little more than slaughter innocent serbian civilians , and surrendered at first signs of the soviet and vmo liberation of | |||
| 165062781 | 5 | policy , declaring [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma ]] the enemies of the state , in what was to become the beginning of the [[ jasenovac | concentration camp | modelled on similar institutions elsewhere ] < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . jasenovac concentration camp < | ||
| 165766330 | 0 | 50 & v = & j = & k = u & o = & s = & upit = 940 . 547 . 2 & scrollaction = stranica + 2 | < / ref > | = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance | ||
| 167767922 | 0 | collaborated with the german occupation forces ) , a multiethnic , though largely serb , royalist guerilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . | kelsi is the cooles . | those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the | ||
| 167812918 | 5 | in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of | opposition | ethnic - cleansing | ' ' . international action center , 1998 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : | |
| 167849099 | 0 | collaborated with the german occupation forces ) , a multiethnic , though largely serb , royalist guerilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . | kelsi is the cooles . | those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the | ||
| 168324388 | 1 | ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , serbs , gypsies and jews , one of them being jasenovac | ]] | . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . members of various yugoslav nationalities were recruited into the [[ ss | ||
| 168325125 | 1 | ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( ' ' narodno oslobodilačka vojska ' ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito , a croatian national | ]] | . | ||
| 193162210 | 1 | , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo delcared independence from serbia , | without permission of united nations | further dividing the former country and ending yugoslavia altogether . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a | ||
| 193351040 | 2 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . | the region of [[ kosovo ]] [[ 2008 kosovo declaration of independence | declared independence from serbia ]] in [[ february 2008 ]] . if kosovo is recognized it will become the seventh country to be formed out of the former yugoslavia . | the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 | ||
| 193894652 | 1 | montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , | further dividing | despite not being in accordance with united nations resolution 1244 making | the former country . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south | |
| 193899901 | 2 | montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , | despite not being in accordance with united nations resolution 1244 making | further dividing | the declaration illegitimate . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south | |
| 194198938 | 0 | montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , | an act not recognized by [[ serbia ]] | further dividing the former country . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all | ||
| 194309979 | 2 | all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and | croatia | serbia | made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia | |
| 195050677 | 1 | gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , " југославија " in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia | ]] | ' ' | , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , | |
| 196722621 | 0 | former country . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | | south slavic penis | ]] emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . during the early period of [[ world | ||
| 196848855 | 7 | was independent although occupied at the time ) . with the defeat of the world war i [[ central powers ]] and the collapse of the austria - hungary in late | 1918 | 1990 | , various south slavic territories were quickly amalgamated to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] 1918 in [[ belgrade ]] | |
| 8 | . with the defeat of the world war i [[ central powers ]] and the collapse of the austria - hungary in late 1918 , various south slavic territories were quickly | amalgamated | botched together | to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] 1918 in [[ belgrade ]] . the new kingdom was made up of | ||
| 197289863 | 2 | ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . | [[ kosovo ]] is also partially recognized as a new country . | the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 | ||
| 199795049 | 2 | | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia pending full | ) | recognition is not full recognition . must i declare that i am a billionaire , when i don ' t even have a penny ? < / gallery > = = | ||
| 3 | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia pending full recognition | is not full recognition | image : flag _ of _ kosovo | . must i declare that i am a billionaire , when i don ' t even have a penny ? < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic | ||
| 199795294 | 5 | montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . | svg | kosovo ( | i ' m sorry , but i can make a " | pending full international recognition ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common | |
| 200599214 | 5 | , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] formerly an autonomous province of serbia | , | is a partially recognized state after it also declared its independence in 2008 but was not a socialist republic of the former yugoslavia , it had the status of a socialist | ||
| 201109080 | 7 | , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named once again on [[ 6 january ]] [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | ]] | " ( serbian : краљевина југославија ; croatian , slovene : kraljevina jugoslavija ) | . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in | |
| 206751541 | 5 | i srba / држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците | }} | ) . the country was established on 29 october 1918 . it lasted only for a month ; on 1 december 1918 it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia | ||
| 14 | i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците | }} | ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbo - croatian and slovene ( latin | |||
| 206785833 | 2 | [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ | germany | america | ]] wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy | |
| 206801668 | 5 | [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favoured the policy pursued by alexsandar i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ | america | germany | ]] wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war iii , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy | |
| 206808719 | 18 | ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ macedonia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , | is a partially recognized state which declared its highly disputed independence in 2008 | [[ 2003 ]] | . it was not a socialist republic of yugoslavia ; it had the status of a socialist [[ autonomous province ]] within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] . the first | |
| 32 | ]] . it lasted only for a month ; on 1 december 1918 it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia " ( kraljevina srbija / краљевина србија ) to | form | the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( {{ lang - sh | kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба }} ; | |||
| 206809460 | 0 | slavia " , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in | [[ | europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before 3 october 1929 was | ||
| 13 | yugoslavia " , proclaimed in 1943 by the communist resistance movement in world war ii . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in | 1956 | [[ 1946 ]] | , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( sfry ) . the | ||
| 208434206 | 0 | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] the yugoslavian people came to the balkans in the | 7th | 17th | century posed as barbarians ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s | |
| 210757366 | 2 | - time slaughter in which the [[ nazis ]] made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use [[ croatia ]] n [[ fascism ]] for barbarous acts against the serbs | . some bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces | and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some elements in the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslim ]] population - | ||
| 6 | for barbarous acts against the serbs and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some elements in the [[ bosniaks | | bosnian muslim ]] population - to bolster their rule . there has been one structural element in | and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over | the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the [[ soviet union | ussr ]] and the [[ united states | usa ]] | ||
| 9 | the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslim ]] population - to bolster their rule . there has been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s | rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested ans some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the | stability : the joint concern of the [[ soviet union | ussr ]] and the [[ united states | usa ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state | |||
| 11 | yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the [[ soviet union | ussr ]] and the [[ united states | usa ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia | as | . this concession satisfied croatia and slovenia , but in serbia and in the new autonomous province of kosovo , reaction was different . serbs saw the new constitution as conceding to croat and ethnic albanian nationalists . ethnic albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become | a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , | ||
| 12 | ' s stability : the joint concern of the [[ soviet union | ussr ]] and the [[ united states | usa ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a | neutral state on | constituent republic with | the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of | ||
| 18 | integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments | in the 1970s | , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . | |||
| 210757609 | 0 | albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . | this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeoprodizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . | an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through | ||
| 212494019 | 1 | and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until milošević ' s government | submitted to their demands and | , with russia acting as intermediary . yugoslavia | withdrew its forces from kosovo , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , | |
| 2 | of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until milošević ' s government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo | , in return for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia | , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed | |||
| 213544859 | 0 | ” ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional | arm | armed | conflicts which finished with minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina lead to a war that lasted more than 3 years ( see below ) . | |
| 215130529 | 2 | at the time ) . with the defeat of the [[ central powers ]] in world war i and the collapse of the austro - hungarian empire , various south slavic | apple pie | territories were quickly botched together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] . | ||
| 215130545 | 2 | the defeat of the pie king [[ central powers ]] in world war i and the collapse of the ( pie queen ) austro - hungarian empire , various south slavic | apple pie | territories were quickly botched together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on national pie day [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ | ||
| 216787249 | 0 | ) . with the defeat of the [[ central powers ]] in world war i and the collapse of the austro - hungarian empire , various south slavic territories were quickly | botched | grouped | together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] . the new kingdom was | |
| 219529741 | 4 | 1943 ]] by the [[ communist ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in | [[ | 1946 ]] , when a communist government was established . in [[ 1963 ]] , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( | ||
| 8 | }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 230px | right | map of yugoslavia in | [[ | 1919 ]] showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , | |||
| 222069162 | 5 | south slavic territories were quickly grouped together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade | ]] | . the new kingdom was made up of the formerly independent kingdoms of serbia and [[ kingdom of montenegro | montenegro ]] ( which had unified in the previous month ) | ||
| 222070197 | 5 | hungarian empire , various south slavic territories were quickly grouped together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december 1918 in belgrade | ]] | . the new kingdom was made up of the formerly independent kingdoms of serbia and [[ kingdom of montenegro | montenegro ]] ( which had unified in the previous month ) | ||
| 222532726 | 0 | the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . | in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenes , supported by croats , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . | following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia | ||
| 222532762 | 0 | the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . | in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenes , supported by croats , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . | following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia | ||
| 225041205 | 1 | 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences , the last indepedent state from " yugoslavia | ]] | " and " state uninon of serbia and montenegro " is kosovo on [[ 17 february ]] [[ 2008 ]] . thereby ending the last remnants of a yugoslav state . | ||
| 225187871 | 1 | abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared | their independences | independence | , thereby ending the last remnants of a yugoslav state . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for | |
| 227710828 | 1 | the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of montenegro | ]] | from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union | ||
| 230032320 | 0 | , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . this | territory extended , more or less , to include ethnically slovene territory and | was territory populated predominantly by [[ italians ]] and [[ slovenes ]] . however , the nov withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite | ||
| 3 | and parts of [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . this was territory populated predominantly by [[ italians ]] | and [[ slovenes ]] | in their respective countries | . however , the nov withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the | ||
| 230053918 | 1 | ]] . this territory extended , more or less , to include ethnically slovene territory and was inhabited by [[ slovenes ]] mixed with [[ germans ]] and [[ italians ]] | in their respective countries | and [[ slovenes ]] | . however , the nov withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the | |
| 2 | , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . this | territory extended , more or less , to include ethnically slovene territory and | was inhabited by [[ slovenes ]] mixed with [[ germans ]] and [[ italians ]] in their respective countries . however , the nov withdrew from trieste in june of the | |||
| 231803887 | 9 | [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " , or | literally ' ' the | " | land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the | |
| 15 | , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] | was | and [[ rijeka ]] were | added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent socialist republics that made up the country , from north to south , were : [[ | ||
| 42 | february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , it was renamed to the " [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] " , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia | . | " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav | |||
| 231804913 | 2 | the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] | as well as some other territories , but | and | withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of | |
| 9 | borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . | this was territory populated predominantly by [[ italians ]] and [[ slovenes ]] . | however , the nov withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ | |||
| 231807278 | 2 | ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav | army in the fatherland | partisans | ]] , also known as the chetniks , serb royalist guerrilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ | |
| 8 | ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( ' ' narodno oslobodilačka vojska ' ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a croatian national . | chetniks were allies of united states in europe and they saved over 150 american pilots during operation : " vazdušni most " . the nov | the partisans | initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and | ||
| 9 | ]] ]] --> the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks | were | initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions because of german | |||
| 25 | , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew ]] ish and [[ roma people | | roma | sutjeska | ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaborationism | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ yugoslav | ||
| 231807706 | 2 | gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . one such camp was [[ jasenovac concentration camp | jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs | , and croat resistance members | , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > | ||
| 231810308 | 1 | to [[ london ]] , where they began work on forming the [[ yugoslav committee ]] to represent the southern slavs of austria - hungary . these " yugoslavs " were | [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] , and [[ slovenes ]] | citizens | who identified themselves with the movement toward a single yugoslav or south slavic state and the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the south slav lands with the | |
| 32 | [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . | in 1989 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " | ||||
| 232164911 | 2 | % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 250px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] | [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] | | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics | ||
| 238276347 | 0 | slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] . the new kingdom was made up of the formerly independent kingdoms of serbia and | [[ kingdom of montenegro | montenegro ]] | ( which had unified in the previous month ) , as well as a substantial amount of territory that was formerly part of [[ austria - hungary ]] , the [[ | ||
| 238276411 | 0 | slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] . the new kingdom was made up of the formerly independent kingdoms of serbia and | [[ kingdom of montenegro | montenegro ]] | ( which had unified in the previous month ) , as well as a substantial amount of territory that was formerly part of [[ austria - hungary ]] , the [[ | ||
| 238836023 | 0 | although occupied at the time ) . with the defeat of the [[ central powers ]] in world war i and the collapse of the austro - hungarian empire , various | south slavic | mugungus members ' | territories were quickly grouped together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] . | |
| 238848404 | 0 | although occupied at the time ) . with the defeat of the [[ central powers ]] in world war i and the collapse of the austro - hungarian empire , various | mugungus members ' | south slavic | territories were quickly grouped together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] . | |
| 241009307 | 0 | of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . | hello . | the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | | ||
| 241009341 | 0 | of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . | hello . | the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | | ||
| 241098556 | 0 | socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] | and metohija | < br / > 5a . | , with the capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # | |
| 241485481 | 1 | socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] | and metohija | , with the capital in [[ priština ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to | ||
| 7 | socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . | # [[ socialist republic of kosovo ]] | , with the capital in [[ priština ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to | |||
| 241638823 | 3 | serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a croatian national . the | partisans | chetniks | initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the | |
| 241739997 | 3 | serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a croatian national . the | chetniks | partisans | initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were supported by the exiled | |
| 246983138 | 5 | economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme . the few european states with strategic interests in the yugoslav theatre tended to favor fragmentation . there were also other specifically yugoslav | , | structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue {{ fact | date = february 2008 }} that the decentralized market socialism was a disastrous | ||
| 247526296 | 5 | south slavia " or " land of [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in | [[ | europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october | ||
| 13 | separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon encountered opposition from other [[ europe ]] an powers stemming from developments in [[ italy ]] and | [[ | germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | | |||
| 17 | where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and | [[ | germany ]] wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international | |||
| 24 | [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary | ]] | , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] | |||
| 25 | as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , and | [[ | italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews | |||
| 28 | armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal importation of arms , ( following the disaramament of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from [[ hungary | ]] | , and were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting | |||
| 34 | albanian refugees . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia | ]] | , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the | |||
| 251644574 | 0 | | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , # [[ socialist autonomous province of kosova | ]] | , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | ||
| 1 | # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] | , # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] | . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as | |||
| 251645066 | 10 | republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] , # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . | * [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] , | in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well | ||
| 251645247 | 5 | socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . * [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] | , | . | in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well | |
| 257423127 | 4 | world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . | he planned to bang as many ladies as he could . his number currently stands at 106 , 333 and still plans to reach his target of 2 , 300 , 207 . | he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were | ||
| 257427712 | 4 | world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . | he planned to bang as many ladies as he could . his number currently stands at 106 , 333 and still plans to reach his target of 2 , 300 , 207 . | he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were | ||
| 257767654 | 20 | autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . * [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . | }} | in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well | ||
| 22 | and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina | ( 1945 - 1963 ) | autonomous province of vojvodina | ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . * [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the | |||
| 259633189 | 2 | affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia | according | , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of [[ modernization ]] and [[ urbanization ]] , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post - war communist government ' s policies on national unity and state structure . after the rise of [[ communism ]] , a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the total population of yugoslavia considered themselves to be religious believers . the places of highest religious concentration were that of [[ kosovo ]] with 91 % and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] with 83 . 8 % . the places of lowest religious concentration were [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between orthodox christian [[ serbs ]] , catholic [[ croats ]] , and muslim [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed | to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government = = = on 7 april 1963 the nation | |
| 3 | country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the | 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] | collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > | = = = the government = = = on 7 april 1963 the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | ||
| 259633956 | 4 | for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . see [[ kosovo war | ]] for more information . | since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and russia , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia | ||
| 259636351 | 1 | still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | | south slavic | ]] emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = | ||
| 2 | disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] | [[ intelligentsi ]] and | emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < | |||
| 259636424 | 0 | _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ | intelligentsi | intelligentsia | ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with the 1918 collapse | |
| 262054633 | 43 | ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language | | montenegrin language | ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo | ||
| 262867590 | 1 | center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] ( disputed | * kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | | disputed , not recognized by all nations . ) | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ file | ||
| 266107846 | 0 | [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . | = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs . while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created in ethnic albanian - majority populated [[ kosovo ]] and the mixed - populated [[ vojvodina ]] . these autonomous provinces held the same voting power as the republics but unlike the republics , they could not legally separate from yugoslavia . this concession satisfied croatia and slovenia , but in serbia and in the new autonomous province of kosovo , reaction was different . serbs saw the new constitution as conceding to croat and ethnic albanian nationalists . ethnic albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeopardizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s which was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in 1984 , had adopted a " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . in 1989 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in 1990 at the same time the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the 1989 financial operations act which required that if an enterprise was insolvent for 30 days running , or for 30 days within a 45 day period , it had to settle with its creditors either by giving them ownership or by being liquidated , in which case workers would be sacked , normally without severance payments . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of 1990 directly following the adoption of the imf programme , another 889 enterprises with a combined work - force of 525 , 000 workers suffered the same fate . in other words , in less than two years " the trigger mechanism " ( under the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . an additional 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . | = = = approaching the breakup = = = inexperiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , thoughwhilst dampening the institutional and material power | ||
| 266108014 | 0 | [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . | = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs . while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created in ethnic albanian - majority populated [[ kosovo ]] and the mixed - populated [[ vojvodina ]] . these autonomous provinces held the same voting power as the republics but unlike the republics , they could not legally separate from yugoslavia . this concession satisfied croatia and slovenia , but in serbia and in the new autonomous province of kosovo , reaction was different . serbs saw the new constitution as conceding to croat and ethnic albanian nationalists . ethnic albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeopardizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s which was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in 1984 , had adopted a " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . in 1989 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in 1990 at the same time the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the 1989 financial operations act which required that if an enterprise was insolvent for 30 days running , or for 30 days within a 45 day period , it had to settle with its creditors either by giving them ownership or by being liquidated , in which case workers would be sacked , normally without severance payments . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of 1990 directly following the adoption of the imf programme , another 889 enterprises with a combined work - force of 525 , 000 workers suffered the same fate . in other words , in less than two years " the trigger mechanism " ( under the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . an additional 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . | = = = approaching the breakup = = = inexperiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , thoughwhilst dampening the institutional and material power | ||
| 278287987 | 0 | coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} | in 1947 , some negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria are led , finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of this negotiations is to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after intervention of stalin this agreement never realized . | in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well | ||
| 278348589 | 0 | > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , some negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria | are | were | led , finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of this negotiations is to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries | |
| 1 | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , some negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria are led | , | and | finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of this negotiations is to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after | ||
| 281117483 | 6 | [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language | | montenegrin | ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo | ||
| 281979473 | 1 | problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . | simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in 1984 , had adopted a " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . in 1989 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in 1990 at the same time the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the 1989 financial operations act which required that if an enterprise was insolvent for 30 days running , or for 30 days within a 45 day period , it had to settle with its creditors either by giving them ownership or by being liquidated , in which case workers would be sacked , normally without severance payments . | in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of | ||
| 282642038 | 1 | in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police was already slovenian before | declaring | slovenia ' s declaration of | independence . the following day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ | |
| 284695040 | 7 | and slovenes . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] | ( to which the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] was annexed on 13 november 1918 , and the conference of ambassadors in [[ paris ]] gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 | . it was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with | ||
| 8 | slovenes . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . | it | http : / / www | was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name | ||
| 21 | chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian | separatist | . | organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul | ||
| 34 | yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six socialist republics , a socialist autonomous province , and a socialist autonomous district that were part of sr serbia | . | . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' | |||
| 52 | no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia | ( prohor pčinjski part ) | , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . | |||
| 66 | , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . the sfry | had no official language , | technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian was used and others were expected to | |||
| 67 | separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . the sfry technically | there | had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian was used and others were expected to use | |||
| 68 | sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . the sfry technically had | been | three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian was used and others were expected to use it | |||
| 72 | sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo | and metohija | ]] , later simply [[ sap kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr slovenia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the | |||
| 73 | serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ sap kosovo ]] ) | and [[ sr slovenia ]] | . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . the | |||
| 289532174 | 0 | , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . the last country to have any yugoslav | atribute | attribute | in its name is the [[ fyr macedonia | former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of | |
| 291724737 | 0 | ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " | , [[ albani language | albania ]] ' ' jugoslavia ' ' | ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country | ||
| 292035709 | 6 | the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of the yugoslav republic | of macedonia | was peaceful , although the yugoslav army occupied the peak of the straža mountain , on the macedonian soil . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads | ||
| 292754074 | 4 | the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of the yugoslav republic | of macedonia | was peaceful , although the yugoslav army occupied the peak of the straža mountain serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from the dalmatian coast towards | ||
| 295405618 | 2 | ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " | , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ' ' jugoslavia ' ' | ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country | ||
| 300031814 | 0 | chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian | fascist | revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince | ||
| 300372166 | 1 | jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs | and albanians | ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the | ||
| 300628666 | 0 | jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs | and albanians | ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the | ||
| 311073666 | 1 | ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . * famous rock and roll guitarist and historian tony m . drozdjek was born in belgrade | ]] | , 1963 . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav | ||
| 313663539 | 4 | multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to cede power peacefully . other yugoslav republics - especially serbia | - | – | were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) | |
| 9 | , 1996 , the [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] is signed , limiting the military equipment of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * 1996 | - | – | 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia ( serbia and | ||
| 314884067 | 7 | success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . | on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) | |||
| 314888561 | 7 | success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . | on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) | |||
| 315047149 | 7 | success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . | on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) | |||
| 315141168 | 7 | success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . | on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) | |||
| 315205975 | 7 | success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . | on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) | |||
| 319569174 | 1 | home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat | protestors | protesters | , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created | |
| 319589909 | 3 | home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat | protesters | protestors | , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created | |
| 319701637 | 1 | home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat | protestors | protesters | , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created | |
| 319852932 | 3 | home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat | protesters | protestors | , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created | |
| 320663649 | 0 | sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo | ]] | is the best | which were also equal members of the federation ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most | |
| 320664263 | 0 | sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo | is the best | ]] | which were also equal members of the federation ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most | |
| 321386836 | 0 | 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia | because germany declared war on russia and serbia was russia ' s main ally on the balkans | . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia | ||
| 321387337 | 1 | 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia | because germany declared war on russia and serbia was russia ' s main ally on the balkans | . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia | ||
| 321393887 | 2 | after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia | without cultural and regional self - determination | . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians | ||
| 321407645 | 2 | vatroslav1937 | vatroslav1937 ]] ( [[ user talk : vatroslav1937 | talk ]] ) 15 : 21 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) alexander attempted to create a centralised yugoslavia | without cultural and regional self - determination | . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians | ||
| 321543391 | 1 | after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia | with almost all political powers vested in the serbian capital of belgrade | . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians | ||
| 321549394 | 1 | world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine centralised yugoslavia | with almost all political powers vested in the serbian capital of belgrade | . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians | ||
| 325621246 | 2 | metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) . on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , | and | which | officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the | |
| 325697061 | 5 | 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] in 1990 ) . on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , | which | and | officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence . [[ kosovo ]] | |
| 326748389 | 0 | of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . | the precise borders | crap in a bucket . | varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | |
| 326748646 | 0 | of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . | crap in a bucket . | the precise borders | varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | |
| 328282850 | 2 | army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and | split it up | the germans went to war with russia | . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ | |
| 328760854 | 2 | ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . even though the belgrade government was pro - german the axis powers occupied yugoslavia | because yugoslavia was russia ' s ally | and the germans went to war with russia [ 3 ] . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by | ||
| 334280365 | 0 | ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo and montenegro during [[ | yougurt | anti - bureaucratic revolution # october 1988 : vojvodina : yogurt revolution | yogurt | revolutions ]] . following the first multi - party election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ | |
| 337615626 | 0 | period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he | hoped | ho yo waz gaoodped | to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where | |
| 337615803 | 0 | period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he | ho yo waz gaoodped | hoped | to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where | |
| 339725475 | 2 | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo | | recognised | ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for | ||
| 3 | ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] | by {{ kosovorecognition | | un member states }} and the [[ republic of china ]] ( taiwan ) . on 8 october 2008 , upon request of serbia , the [[ united nations general assembly | un general assembly ]] adopted a resolution asking the [[ international court of justice ]] for an [[ icj advisory opinion on the legality of kosovo ' s independence | advisory opinion ]] on the issue of kosovo ' s [[ declaration of independence ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . reuters . com / article / worldnews / idustre49780c20081008 | title = u . n . backs serbia in judicial move on kosovo & # 124 ; international | publisher = reuters | date = 2008 - 10 - 08 | accessdate = 2009 - 07 - 20 }} < / ref > this process is currently ongoing | . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership | |||
| 343663062 | 0 | > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > ) . the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by | ' ' ' bailey and will when they visited yesterday ' ' ' , and | the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was | ||
| 343663099 | 0 | > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > ) . the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by | ' ' ' bailey and will when they visited yesterday ' ' ' , and | the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was | ||
| 347157594 | 1 | , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] which were | also | largely | equal members of the federation {{ citation needed | date = february 2010 }} ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed | |
| 347164096 | 2 | ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs | and | , a status threatned by each republic breaking away from the federation , in addition to his | opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] | |
| 4 | jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , | further | inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines | |||
| 8 | ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb | nationalists | population of croatia | who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what | ||
| 10 | | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia | - proper | . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing | |||
| 17 | file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia | and herzegovina | to become part of a [[ greater serbia ]] which he accused the serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to | |||
| 23 | of a [[ greater serbia ]] which he accused the serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia | resulted in the bosnian | , and one which would disenfranchise non - bosniaks . ]] {{ fixbunching | mid }} [[ file : evstafiev - radovan karadzic 3mar94 . jpg | thumb | 140px | right | bosnian serb president [[ radovan karadžić ]] aggressively pursued an agenda to keep serb territory from being forced to separate from yugoslavia . the bosnian serb army engaged in a | war . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ file | ||
| 347207640 | 0 | milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal desire to uphold the unity of serbs , a status | threatned | threatened | by each republic breaking away from the federation , in addition to his opposition to the the albanian authorities in kosovo , further inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : | |
| 353721418 | 0 | split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} - is jasenovac | camp citation | good enough citation for you croat ? against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on | ||
| 367694598 | 2 | ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending | eleven | 11 | days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner | |
| 7 | multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to cede power peacefully . other yugoslav republics – especially serbia | – | — | were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) | ||
| 14 | september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . | five hundred | 500 | u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia | ||
| 369419866 | 0 | }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] | [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] | [[ category : former monarchies ]] {{ link ga | no }} [[ af : joego - slawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az | ||
| 385374941 | 2 | was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia | , | was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors , while at | ||
| 392939246 | 0 | = 2008 - 10 - 08 | accessdate = 2009 - 07 - 20 }} < / ref > on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s | indepedence | independence | was not illegal . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . bbc . co . uk / news / world - europe - | |
| 400599300 | 19 | slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} | ) | in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or | ||
| 25 | | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] | in europe | , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was | |||
| 32 | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . | jpg | | thumb | 250px | right | the kingdom of yugoslavia and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of | |||
| 405576186 | 0 | xcp7oxqe0fmc & pg = pa624 | title = the balkans since 1453 | page = 624 }} < / ref > during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned | , | . | communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] | |
| 405577552 | 5 | with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after | also | taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from | ||
| 408822811 | 1 | , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ | rijeka | zadar | ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country were | |
| 410219821 | 0 | domination attempts and increasingly different levels of democratic standards were becoming increasingly incompatible . [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia | wouldn ' t | would not | accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . | |
| 429241423 | 0 | sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina | | vojvodina | ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] which after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation < ref > {{ cite book | last = huntington | first | ||
| 436091877 | 11 | state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] . | it culminated in the realization of the ideal with the 1918 collapse of [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austria - hungary ]] at the end of [[ world war i ]] and the formation of the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) , | coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " | ||
| 441313646 | 20 | multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to cede power peacefully . other yugoslav republics — especially serbia | — | – | were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) | |
| 46 | duke university press , 1987 ; isbn 0 - 8223 - 0773 - 1 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 | - | – | 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . new york : | ||
| 47 | ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans | - | – | in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / | ||
| 64 | giving 17 - year - old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april | 6 , | 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem | |||
| 108 | some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created in ethnic albanian - majority populated [[ kosovo | ]] | and the mixed - populated [[ vojvodina ]] . these autonomous provinces held the same voting power as the republics but unlike the republics , they could not legally separate from | |||
| 118 | to secede from the croat republic . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs | ]] | as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by | |||
| 460169136 | 0 | ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the [[ balkans ]] | , | during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known | ||
| 468701811 | 27 | of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which | applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in 2004 | formed yugoslavia | , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - | |
| 470925206 | 1 | serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to [[ croatian home guard | | home guard ]] | ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful . still , slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import | ||
| 492545273 | 21 | sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } ( {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] | }} ) | in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or | ||
| 495585894 | 21 | by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' | . it | was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( the [[ kingdom | ||
| 495666744 | 9 | 20th century ]] . the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' | . it | was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( the [[ kingdom | ||
| 495668696 | 25 | by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' | . it | was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( the [[ kingdom | ||
| 499296493 | 2 | creation of yugoslavia }} originating from [[ pan - slavism ]] ideologies , yugoslavia was ultimately the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] | [[ intelligentsia ]] and | peoples , | emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] . coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni | |
| 6 | state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] . | coined from | the name was created by the combination of | the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} | ||
| 500174054 | 8 | arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > formerly [[ serbia and | montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) }} | = = = succession = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics of serbia and montenegro , which remained relatively untouched by | ||
| 511395809 | 0 | serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . | the | federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to home guard ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful | ||
| 518741382 | 0 | | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . | the italian | border with italy changed after world war ii . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | ||
| 1 | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . border | with italy | changed after world war ii . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | |||
| 527680630 | 3 | . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . | although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . | remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugo - nostalgia ]] . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist | ||
| 542255215 | 0 | former yugoslavia 2008 . png | caption2 = current state of affairs on the territory of the former yugoslavia , as of 2008 }} the successor states to the former yugoslavia | , as of 2013 , | are the following : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center | ||
| 542255750 | 1 | longer existent . after montenegro ' s independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the [[ republic of serbia ]] . | in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognized state . however , numerous countries , including the united states , have recognized kosovo as an independent nation . | in april 2001 , the five successor states drafted and in june 2001 they signed an agreement on succession issues . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http | ||
| 542271560 | 4 | of former yugoslav states in the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power | as president of the federation | in 2000 , the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on november | ||
| 542271741 | 1 | and montenegro ' ' became known as the [[ republic of serbia ]] . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to | [[ international recognition of kosovo | | an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognized state . however , numerous countries , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , | ||
| 554863849 | 0 | the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and | this identifier is | commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ yugoslav wars | ||
| 563178883 | 2 | and protestantism as well as various [[ eastern christianity | eastern orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia | have | changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion | ||
| 563179561 | 7 | supported by croats , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian | delegation | delegations | left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of communism in the rest of eastern europe , each of the republics held | |
| 563180646 | 5 | army occupied the peak of the straža mountain on the macedonian soil . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from the dalmatian coast towards the | inland | interior | almost a year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . | |
| 10 | to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the army was seen as a serbian | service | government | by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , montenegro , [[ | ||
| 23 | croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . the film was spiced by distorting sounds and fabricated voice of the croatian minister . | also , | guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' | |||
| 25 | from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . | the border police were mostly already slovenian before slovenia ' s declaration of independence . | the following day ( 26 june ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - | |||
| 563181056 | 8 | [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia ( prohor pčinjski part ) , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian | romantic | nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | vmro ]] ' ' ) . this was despite the fact that the yugoslav army refused to abandon | ||
| 563181699 | 2 | troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav | peoples | people ' s | army – houses and a church . a civilian airport , along with a hangar and airliners inside it was bombarded ; truck drivers on the road from ljubljana to zagreb | |
| 6 | a civilian airport , along with a hangar and airliners inside it was bombarded ; truck drivers on the road from ljubljana to zagreb and austrian journalists at the ljubljana airport | ]] | were killed . a ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia | |||
| 563182953 | 3 | yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] | , and | ; | this identifier is commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * | |
| 565958816 | 1 | | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] | , | during most of the 20th century . the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and | ||
| 568241997 | 0 | i as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes by union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . | it was | commonly called at the time a " [[ treaty of versailles | versailles ]] state " . renamed to and first official use of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' in 1929 | ||
| 568473261 | 8 | all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic ; serbia sought absolute , | not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb communities within croatia rebelling and trying to secede from the croat republic . | in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of serbs as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . | ||
| 575358692 | 0 | the 20th century . the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' | , | was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( the [[ kingdom | ||
| 4 | . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded | ]] | by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 . in 1943 , democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the | |||
| 578690791 | 0 | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . | established with | the italian border changed after world war ii . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , | ||
| 1 | = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the | italian | [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] < ref name = " spencer tucker 2005 " / > , the western | border changed after world war ii . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene | ||
| 10 | by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which had annexed the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] | on 13 november ) . | five days previously , while | the conference of ambassadors in paris gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en | ||
| 580282779 | 5 | independent nation after the results of a [[ montenegrin independence referendum , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] . after montenegrin independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia | and montenegro ' ' | became known as the [[ republic of serbia ]] . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to [[ international recognition of | ||
| 8 | 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] , therefore rendering serbia and montenegro as no longer existent . after montenegro ' s independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia | and montenegro ' ' | became known as the [[ republic of serbia ]] . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on | |||
| 588055722 | 0 | existence by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) | liberated by serbian army , | with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which annexed the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] five days previously , while the regions of [[ kosovo ]] , [[ | ||
| 588344999 | 6 | kosovo ]] , [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ vardar macedonia ]] were parts of serbia prior to the unification ) . serbian royal [[ house of karadjordjevic ]] , became yugoslav | royalty | royal dynasty | . it gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the conference of ambassadors in paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en | |
| 7 | , [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ vardar macedonia ]] were parts of serbia prior to the unification ) . serbian royal [[ house of karadjordjevic ]] , became yugoslav royalty . | it | yugoslavia | gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the conference of ambassadors in paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family | ||
| 15 | news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > starting in 1991 , yugoslavia disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . | one of | after | the successor states was also known as the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) until 2003 . the fry aspired to be a sole [[ succession of states | ||
| 29 | usa : abc - clio , 2005 . pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' , | was a country in the western part of [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century , that came into existence | by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) liberated | |||
| 30 | existence by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) | liberated by serbian army , | with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which united the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] five days previously , while the regions of [[ kosovo ]] , [[ | |||
| 34 | yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this became the largest yugoslav state as [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] were added to the new yugoslavia | after the end | of world war ii . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country were [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina | sr bosnia | |||
| 39 | yugoslavia was officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . in june 2006 , [[ montenegro ]] became an independent nation after the results of a [[ montenegrin independence | referendum , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] . after montenegrin independence , serbia became the [[ legal successor ]] of serbia and montenegro , while montenegro re - applied for membership | in international organizations . . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to [[ international recognition of kosovo | an ongoing dispute | |||
| 588371954 | 1 | the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was result of [[ corfu | _ | declaration ]] , as project of serbian parliament in exile and serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = | ||
| 590769471 | 1 | university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * djilas , milovan | ]] | : ' ' land without justice ' ' , [ with ] introd . and notes by william jovanovich . new york : harcourt , brace and co . , 1958 | ||
| 594475714 | 7 | yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 & nbsp ; am on 6 april 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces | < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ league / 1931 . htm | title = chronology 1929 | author = ' ' [[ indiana university ]] ' ' | publisher = indiana . edu | date = october 2002 }} < / ref > | however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where fascists and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to | ||
| 595497490 | 1 | www . bbc . co . uk / history / worldwars / wwtwo / partisan _ fighters _ 01 . shtml | title = partisans : war in the balkans 1941 | - | – | 1945 | author = dr . stephen a . hart | author2 = ' ' [[ british broadcasting company ]] ' ' | publisher = bbc . com | date = | |
| 600480229 | 0 | in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . the film was spiced by distorting sounds and fabricated voice of the croatian minister | {{ citation needed }} | . guns were also fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] | ||
| 605733772 | 0 | the 19th century . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was | the | result of [[ corfu declaration ]] , as project of serbian parliament in exile and serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom | ||
| 605734785 | 0 | the kingdom of yugoslavia | banovinas ]] of yugoslavia , 1929 – 39 . after 1939 the sava and littoral banovinas were merged into the [[ banovina of croatia ]] }} | the country was | formed in 1918 immediately after world war i as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes by union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and | ||
| 606952320 | 4 | / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the country was named after [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] | as | and constituted | their first union ever , after centuries - long rules of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] on these territories . renamed [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | |
| 8 | [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] as their first union ever , after centuries - long rules of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] | on these territories | . renamed [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 | |||
| 615788018 | 0 | . when , in august 1990 , croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns | ( yugolsavian army ' s barracks ) | , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organized armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( " police " ) and civilians mark the | ||
| 616726337 | 1 | the [[ soviet union ]] , established six republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade | ]] | . the policy focused on a strong central government under the control of the communist party , and on recognition of the multiple nationalities . < ref > {{ cite book | author1 = arnold and wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xrd6y - oifpac & pg = pa216 | year = 2012 | | page = 216 }} < / ref > | . { | class = " wikitable " | - ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > | |
| 3 | : coat of arms of the socialist republic of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led | and finalized with | to | the [[ bled agreement ( 1947 ) | bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two | ||
| 4 | ]] < / center > | } in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ( 1947 ) | bled agreement ]] | . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or | , which proposed | to form a new union of two independent countries . after the intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . yugoslavia solved the national issue of nations and nationalities ( | ||
| 14 | [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria | were | led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ( 1947 ) | bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a | |||
| 616888308 | 0 | loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 ; however , [[ marshal of yugoslavia | marshal ]] josip broz tito was in | contgrol | control | and was determined to lead an independent communist state , starting as a prime minister . he had the support of moscow and london and led by far the strongest partisan | |
| 8 | year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs | in croatia | proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . the federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces | |||
| 9 | before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed | the emergence of serbian | " serb | autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . the federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had | ||
| 10 | towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas | ( known | " , | later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . the federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces | ||
| 15 | republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and | hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) | herzegovina | , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo , and montenegro during the | ||
| 28 | feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , montenegro , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina | ]] | voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( | |||
| 616890253 | 4 | escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy | , followed by mass manifestations across croatia | . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ 1974 yugoslav | ||
| 12 | important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb | ]] | organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently | |||
| 622094862 | 11 | year = 2009 }} < / ref > a more severe sign of disobedience was so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in zagreb | organized | organised | demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy , followed by mass manifestations across croatia . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key | |
| 23 | and croatia restated its independence in the croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * 15 january 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally | recognized | recognised | by most european countries * 6 april 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ' s independence by the u . s . and most european countries * | ||
| 26 | membership in international organizations . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally | recognized | recognised | state . however , numerous countries , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognized kosovo as an independent nation . = = | ||
| 623264122 | 0 | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . | first | established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the western border left a population of half a million slavs < ref name = " | ||
| 623964063 | 0 | in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] [[ category : southeastern europe ]] | {{ link ga | no }} | |||
| 643714069 | 0 | also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , roman catholicism , judaism , and protestantism , as well as various [[ eastern christianity | eastern orthodox ]] faiths | , | composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later | ||
| 674434093 | 1 | ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) , once spelled and called " jugoslavia | ' ' | " , was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn | ||
| 686837499 | 3 | ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . first cracks in the tightly governed system surfaced when students of the [[ university of belgrade | ]] | and several other cities joined the worldwide [[ protests of 1968 ]] . president josip broz tito gradually stopped the protests by giving in to some of the students ' demands | ||
| 702550312 | 4 | indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia | ]] | . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the original western border left a population of half a million [[ south slavs | ||
| 43 | of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy | ]] | . partisan leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again as the [[ socialist | |||
| 702550622 | 11 | of the 19th century . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia | ]] | was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the serbian parliament in exile and the serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the | ||
| 13 | jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the serbian parliament | ]] | in exile and the serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | |||
| 15 | the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the serbian parliament in exile and the serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the yugoslav | ]] | royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = | |||
| 702589142 | 81 | and " slaveni " ( [[ slavs ]] ) . [[ yugoslavia ]] was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the [[ serbian parliament | ]] | in exile and the [[ serbian ]] royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the [[ yugoslav ]] royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | ||
| 85 | corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the [[ serbian parliament ]] in exile and the [[ serbian ]] royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the [[ yugoslav | ]] | royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = | |||
| 716053999 | 3 | multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to cede power peacefully . other yugoslav republics – especially serbia | – | — | were more or less dissatisfied with the democratisation in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) | |
| 725921112 | 2 | yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : | југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn | ||
| 729316827 | 0 | indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia | . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo | ]] , the original western border left a population of half a million [[ south slavs ]] < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > | ||
| 743994176 | 0 | repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " | protest in the 1970s | was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito , whose home republic was | ||
| 1 | under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however | one protest in croatia in the 1970s | , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers | |||
| 762526013 | 0 | in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] [[ category : southeastern europe ]] | [[ category : history of yugoslavia | ]] | |||
| 764872509 | 0 | ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on 17 april , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending | 11 | eleven | days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / | |
| 772700942 | 1 | emblem {{ small | ( 1963 - 1992 ) }} | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = general location of yugoslavia | over the years | . | | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | national _ motto = ' ' [[ brotherhood and unity | bratstvo i jedinstvo ]] ' ' < br / > {{ | ||
| 773505358 | 0 | an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognised state . kosovo is not a member of the [[ united nations ]] , but [[ international recognition of kosovo | | 109 | 115 | states ]] , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognised kosovo as an independent nation . = = = yugosphere = = | |
| 776667415 | 0 | ; this identifier is commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] | * [[ yugoslav wars ]] | = = notes = = {{ reflist | group = lower - roman }} = = references = = {{ reflist | 30em }} * {{ loc }} - [ http | ||
| 778242726 | 0 | million serbs ( 20 % of the total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian communist leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . | after tato ' s death , milosevic made his way to becoming the next superior figure and political official for serbia . < ref name = " : 0 " > {{ cite book | title = the world transformed 1945 to the present | last = hunt | first = michael | publisher = oxford university press | year = 2014 | isbn = 9780193371020 | location = new york | pages = 522 }} < / ref > | other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of [[ greater serbia ]] n hegemonism . through a series of moves known as the " | ||
| 779365160 | 0 | serbs ( 20 % of the total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian communist leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . after | tato | tito | ' s death , milosevic made his way to becoming the next superior figure and political official for serbia . < ref name = " : 0 " > {{ cite | |
| 781116889 | 0 | united nations law | chapter = participation of former yugoslav states in the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > in 2000 , milosevic was | trailed | prosecuted | for the atrocities he committed and partook in during his ten - year ruling in serbia and the yugoslavia war . < ref name = " : 0 " / > | |
| 785635499 | 2 | ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag or slavic tricolor | ]] | , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . = = the 1948 yugoslavia - soviet split = = {{ further information | tito – | ||
| 794643300 | 0 | executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognised borders " , leading to the [[ ten - day war ]] . as slovenia and croatia | fights | & nbsp ; fights | towards independence , the serbian and croatian forces indulged into a violent and perilous rivalry . < ref name = " : 0 " / > the [[ yugoslav people ' | |
| 803070658 | 0 | ; this identifier is commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] | * [[ women in yugoslavia ]] | = = notes = = {{ reflist | group = lower - roman }} = = references = = {{ reflist | 30em }} * {{ loc }} - [ http | ||
| 812935913 | 0 | nationalism , yugoslavia [[ breakup of yugoslavia | broke up ]] along its republics ' borders , at first into five countries , leading to the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . | from 1993 to 2017 , the [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] tried political and military leaders from the former yugoslavia for war crimes , genocide and other crimes . | after the breakup , the republics of [[ republic of serbia ( 1992 – 2006 ) | serbia ]] and [[ republic of montenegro ( 1992 – 2006 ) | montenegro | ||
| 845947337 | 0 | ]] , but [[ international recognition of kosovo | 115 states ]] , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognised kosovo as | an independent nation | a sovereign state | . = = = yugosphere = = = in 2009 , ' ' [[ the economist ]] ' ' coined the term ' ' yugosphere ' ' to describe the present |
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| 298091 | 2 | led to some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . for more information about the current situation in yugoslavia | the balkan was unified under the name of the socialist federal republic of [[ | yugoslavia , see [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , the name under which the republic is currently officially recognised by the [[ united states ]] . < b > [[ country | |
| 28292 | 1 | kosovo ]] still uncertain . because there were large ethnic minorities within the various countries ( serbian regions in croatia and bosnia , croatian in bosnia , albanian in serbia and | macedonia | f . y . r . o . m . | , hungarian in serbia ) , this led to some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] |
| 73806 | 3 | the status of [[ kosovo ]] still uncertain . because there were large ethnic minorities within the various countries ( serbian regions in croatia and bosnia , croatian in bosnia , | albanian | [[ albanians | albanians ]] | in serbia and f . y . r . o . m . , hungarian in serbia ) , this led to some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia ]] |
| 5 | the various countries ( serbian regions in croatia and bosnia , croatian in bosnia , albanian in serbia and f . y . r . o . m . , hungarian | ]] | in serbia ) , this led to some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . | ||
| 823595 | 3 | ' ' ' has been a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] and renamed | the " | kingdom of yugoslavia in [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( petar ii [[ karadjordjevic ]] was | |
| 10 | slovenes ]] and renamed kingdom of yugoslavia in [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( petar ii | [[ | karadjordjevic ]] was the last king ) under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent | ||
| 1254221 | 0 | 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to 1992 . * [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | | republic of | rump | yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1992 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , |
| 1 | 1918 to [[ 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to 1941 . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist | republic of | yugoslavia ]] , which existed from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1992 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' | serbia and the republic of macedonia , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] in serbia ) , this was used as the cause for some bloody wars ( [[ history of slovenia | |
| 1338233 | 5 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , although they accepted it as constituting a state . this situation is now resolved , with the admission of the federal republic of yugoslavia to | the united nations in [[ 2000 ]] . in [[ 2002 ]] , | serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued co - operation , which , among other changes , promised the end of yugoslavia . on february 4 , 2003 | |
| 5415837 | 0 | ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] | ( which includes provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) | and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . | |
| 8778698 | 8 | in autumn 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milosevic ]] rejected all such proposals with an argument that all serbs should live in the [[ greater serbia | same country | ]] | . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia - herzegovina , albeit only two out of three | |
| 9341361 | 0 | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( | which includes | including the autonomous | provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed |
| 1 | ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( which includes provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and | of | [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ | ||
| 10034644 | 2 | should live in the same country . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia and herzegovina , | albeit only two out of the three constitutive peoples of bh did so , the [[ bosniaks | bosnian | which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians | muslims ]] and croats . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia |
| 10037034 | 0 | ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ | republic of macedonia | macedonia | fyrom | ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' |
| 10068403 | 0 | ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ | fyrom | republic of macedonia | macedonia | ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' |
| 13197885 | 5 | years of peace , in [[ 1998 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato | bombed | proceeded to bombard | serbia and montenegro for more than two months ( see [[ kosovo war ]] ) . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from |
| 13337323 | 0 | 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia | - | and | herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ |
| 22089515 | 0 | this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | | macedonia | ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' | |
| 22506196 | 1 | republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . slovenia | , | and | croatia and macedonia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] . bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in the same year ; this vote was boycotted by the |
| 22506285 | 0 | these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence | , but no war erupted there , and nato observers were placed at its northern border | . bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early [[ 1992 ]] ; this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb minority there , which advocated continued union with | |
| 22785116 | 29 | kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesi & # 263 ; ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez | drnov & # 353 ; ek | drnovšek | ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia ( [[ bogi & # 263 ; bogi & # 263 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] ) |
| 22885048 | 0 | this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | | macedonia | ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' | |
| 23090340 | 0 | this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | | macedonia | ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' | |
| 23092132 | 0 | this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | | macedonia | ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' | |
| 23092723 | 0 | this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | | macedonia | ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' | |
| 23101479 | 0 | this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | | macedonia | ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' | |
| 25682758 | 8 | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] ( republics ) ; * [[ vojvodina ]] and | * | * [[ kosovo ]] [[ vojvodina ]] and | [[ kosovo ]] ( autonomous provinces ) . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] are part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the |
| 25683008 | 1 | constituent republics and two autonomous province . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] | , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions | |
| 2 | republics and two autonomous province . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , | * [[ | ' ' ' in 1974 | montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited | |
| 3 | autonomous province . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro | ]] , * [[ serbia ]] | the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and | and * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] | |
| 26256919 | 1 | was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] | , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] | ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2001 ]] , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia | |
| 26257312 | 0 | was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] | , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] | ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2001 ]] , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia | |
| 30274718 | 1 | [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ albania ]] , | and others occupied by | [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] s organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of | |
| 30298958 | 3 | [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were returned to [[ albania ]] , | and others occupied by | [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] s organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of | |
| 34035074 | 6 | day it remains unclear whether the majority was large enough . the republic ' s government declared its independence however , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska | , and | . | the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of |
| 35849849 | 0 | fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia | - | and | herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] |
| 39238987 | 1 | it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska | to protect they rights | . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 | |
| 47535806 | 1 | january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , at which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | | s . r . | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( | |
| 47536688 | 0 | ) ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , at which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia | | s . r . slovenia | ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | s . r . macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was | |
| 1 | ' . this remained in place until [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , at which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ | croatia | s . r . | croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | s . r . macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' | ||
| 51123816 | 21 | the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 , joined [[ serbia ]] and | [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , | 2 . 8 million or 23 . 7 per cent were | croats and slovenes ]] " . in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as possible |
| 40 | war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs | ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 , joined [[ serbia ]] | and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria | ||
| 55508263 | 6 | serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez | drnovšek | drnovsek | ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia - hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , |
| 55551088 | 5 | serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez | drnovsek | drnovšek | ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia - hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , |
| 59611366 | 10 | ) ' ' ' and was formed in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and | of | [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia | |
| 63517403 | 75 | not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in serbia , bosnia | - | and | herzegovina , macedonia and kosovo . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this |
| 76 | wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in serbia , bosnia - herzegovina | ]] | , macedonia and kosovo . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was | ||
| 77 | during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in serbia , bosnia - herzegovina , | [[ republic of | macedonia and kosovo . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was an | ||
| 78 | the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in serbia , bosnia - herzegovina , macedonia | | macedonia ]] | and kosovo . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was an critical | ||
| 79 | early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in serbia , bosnia - herzegovina , macedonia and | [[ | kosovo . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was an critical turning | ||
| 63521475 | 112 | in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia | ]] | , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek | |
| 113 | an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , | [[ | montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] | ||
| 114 | attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro | ]] | , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) | ||
| 115 | to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , | [[ | kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , | ||
| 116 | get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo | - | and | metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( | |
| 120 | decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia | - | and | hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results | |
| 84126872 | 1 | federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] | ) | and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] and officially abolished | |
| 84138388 | 0 | on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo | and metohija | ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] and officially | |
| 1 | the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] | ) | and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] and officially abolished | ||
| 84299894 | 5 | loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro | but | and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = | |
| 84305972 | 7 | loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro | but | and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the should former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = | |
| 92116483 | 0 | of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . | the | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and | |
| 98444550 | 0 | language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several literary and spoken variants and was also the lingua - franca where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ | republic of macedonia | | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ serbian language ]] and to some extent | |
| 98746734 | 8 | in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were ignored , though such decision should be supported by all bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska | to protect their rights | . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] triumphantly , to delight | |
| 102669832 | 13 | came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia | ]] | and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent | |
| 14 | existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and | [[ | slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of | ||
| 103590946 | 5 | of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . | the union of | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and | |
| 107864960 | 16 | vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , | [[ | macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not | |
| 27 | kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia | ( [[ janez drnovšek | ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts | ||
| 29 | ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia | ( [[ vasil tupurkovski | ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the | ||
| 30 | , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] | ) | and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi | ||
| 107899114 | 14 | of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia | ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić | ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long | |
| 15 | [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] | ) | , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . | ||
| 16 | , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] , [[ slovenia | ( [[ janez drnovšek | ]] , [[ macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first | ||
| 17 | [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] | ) | , [[ macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi | ||
| 18 | , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ macedonia | ( [[ vasil tupurkovski | ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election | ||
| 19 | [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ macedonia ]] | ) | and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results | ||
| 31 | serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] , | [[ | slovenia ]] , [[ macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the | ||
| 32 | montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , | [[ | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party | ||
| 33 | kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ macedonia ]] and | [[ | bosnia and herzegovina ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the | ||
| 149423470 | 0 | language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | | macedonia | fyrm | ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry |
| 149423908 | 1 | language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | | fyrm | macedonia | ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry |
| 153272714 | 0 | , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ | fyrom | | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] | |
| 175384122 | 0 | during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom | | macedonia | ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december | |
| 175483361 | 0 | during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom | | macedonia | ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december | |
| 175603505 | 0 | during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom | | macedonia | ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december | |
| 175635726 | 1 | , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ | fyrom | republic of macedonia | ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december |
| 176638633 | 0 | europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | [ fyrom ] | , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] |
| 176683431 | 0 | europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , | [ fyrom ] | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] |
| 184109408 | 0 | the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | | fyr of | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 | |
| 185792042 | 0 | the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | | fyr | republic | of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ |
| 191900872 | 2 | that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] | , | and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november | |
| 192069456 | 0 | , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ | fyrom ]] , [[ | kosovo ]] ( from sunday , february 17th , 2008 ) , [[ fyrom ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' | |
| 192070886 | 1 | * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] as of 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] | was expected to declare | declared | its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . |
| 192073726 | 22 | ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] on 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] | declared | was expected to declare | its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . |
| 24 | , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ | fyrom ]] , [[ | kosovo ]] ( from sunday , february 17th , 2008 ) , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of | ||
| 192075557 | 7 | yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ( from february 17 , 2008 ) , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ | republic of macedonia ]] , [[ | montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 | |
| 17 | ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] on 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] | was expected to declare | was expected to declare | its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . | |
| 192129701 | 0 | that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] | and | , | [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29 |
| 192233801 | 0 | , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ | fyrom | republic of macedonia | macedonia | ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ |
| 192354486 | 0 | yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] | and | [[ kosovo ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29 | |
| 192405403 | 1 | once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , | and | [[ slovenia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash | |
| 192475540 | 1 | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ | kosovo ]] , [[ | serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash | |
| 192522600 | 1 | [[ 2003 ]] ) , was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and | the now independent | [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially | |
| 192579883 | 1 | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ | kosovo ]] , [[ | serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash | |
| 192596895 | 1 | the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina | ]] , [[ kosovo | ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' | |
| 192632247 | 1 | the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina | ]] , [[ kosovo | ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' | |
| 192632677 | 0 | , [[ 2003 ]] ) , was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the province of [[ vojvodina ]] | and the now independent | , | [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially |
| 193162210 | 0 | june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo | unilaterally | delcared independence from serbia , without permission of united nations further dividing the former country and ending yugoslavia altogether . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ | |
| 193344768 | 0 | [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the region of [[ kosovo ]] | has recently | [[ 2008 kosovo declaration of independence | | declared independence from serbia . if kosovo is recognized it will become the seventh country to be formed out of the former yugoslavia . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of |
| 193396709 | 0 | 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally | delcared | declared | independence from serbia , further dividing the former country and ending yugoslavia altogether . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} |
| 193894652 | 3 | ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] | declared | unilaterally declare | independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of |
| 193899901 | 4 | ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] | unilaterally declare | declared | independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of |
| 194084019 | 1 | [[ 2003 ]] ) , was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the province of [[ vojvodina ]] , | [[ kosovo ]] | ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially abolished the name | |
| 194172419 | 0 | [[ 2003 ]] ) , was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the province of [[ vojvodina ]] , | [[ kosovo ]] | ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially abolished the name | |
| 197289863 | 4 | yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] | , | and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november | |
| 198579075 | 0 | yugoslavia ( socialist republics ) are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] | , | and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] is also partially recognized as a new country . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ | |
| 199668448 | 0 | june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo | unilaterally declared | raped clara , declaring | independence from serbia , an act not recognized by [[ serbia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the |
| 199668490 | 0 | june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo | raped clara , declaring | unilaterally declared | independence from serbia , an act not recognized by [[ serbia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the |
| 203556024 | 3 | of the [[ 20th century ]] . the former constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , now independent states , are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ | republic of | serbia ]] and [[ | macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a |
| 16 | 20th century ]] . the former constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , now independent states , are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia | ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a partially recognized state which declared its independence in 2008 . it was not a socialist republic | ||
| 206669188 | 1 | 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ | former yugoslav | republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social | |
| 206671147 | 1 | 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ | former yugoslav | republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social | |
| 206808719 | 10 | [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ | sr | croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ macedonia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia | |
| 11 | in europe , during most of the 20th century . the constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ | sr | bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ macedonia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a partially | ||
| 12 | the 20th century . the constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ | sr | montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ macedonia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a partially recognized state which declared its highly | ||
| 13 | the constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ | sr | serbia ]] and [[ macedonia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a partially recognized state which declared its highly disputed independence in 2008 | ||
| 14 | socialist republics of yugoslavia , from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] | and | ( including the autonomous provinces of | [[ macedonia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a partially recognized state which declared its highly disputed independence in 2008 . it was | |
| 15 | of yugoslavia , from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ | vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr | macedonia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a partially recognized state which declared its highly disputed independence in 2008 . it was not | ||
| 16 | from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ macedonia ]] . | starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the secession of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name was the " [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( fry ) established on [[ march 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] ) . it was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining ( non - secessionist ) republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and | [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a partially recognized state which declared its highly disputed independence in 2008 . it was not a socialist republic | ||
| 26 | 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro | ]] | and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an | ||
| 206810242 | 2 | their independences , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on [[ february 18 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] unilaterally | [[ 2008 kosovo declaration of independence | | declared independence from serbia , an act fiercely opposed by serbia . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea | |
| 206813758 | 2 | sr croatia ]] , [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ | autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | | kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr macedonia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of | |
| 3 | [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining ( non - secessionist ) republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ | autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | | kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . it was renamed to the " [[ union of serbia and montenegro ]] | ||
| 210766272 | 1 | - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | | macedonia | [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied | |
| 225041205 | 3 | 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences , the last indepedent state from " yugoslavia " and " state uninon of serbia and montenegro | ]] | " is kosovo on [[ 17 february ]] [[ 2008 ]] . thereby ending the last remnants of a yugoslav state . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = | |
| 4 | , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences , the last indepedent state from " yugoslavia " and " state uninon of serbia and montenegro " is | [[ | kosovo on [[ 17 february ]] [[ 2008 ]] . thereby ending the last remnants of a yugoslav state . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ | ||
| 231803887 | 19 | [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ | autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | | sap | kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr macedonia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in |
| 237570587 | 1 | status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ republic of macedonia | | fyr | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied | |
| 3 | 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | | fyr | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | ||
| 244370322 | 0 | an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | | fyr | republic of | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied |
| 4 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | | fyr | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | ||
| 247935764 | 38 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | < / center > | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ slovenia ]] image : flag of kosovo . | |
| 53 | status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ republic of macedonia | | republic of | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied | ||
| 251007548 | 5 | montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence | , thereby ending the yugoslav state | . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | | |
| 251363174 | 1 | montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence | , thereby ending the yugoslav state | . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed by serbia . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ | |
| 251599396 | 1 | = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * | [[ croatia ]] | {{ cro }} | * [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * |
| 257767654 | 8 | , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of montenegro | ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | . svg | | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) ; * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ autonomous province |
| 11 | ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) ; * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] | , with the capital in | : 5a . {{ smaller | | [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ]] , with the | |
| 257769716 | 4 | is encircled with them ) . < center > < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina | ]] | bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia | |
| 7 | gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina | . svg | 70px | bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia | ||
| 20 | flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | . svg | republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag | ||
| 21 | of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | | 40px | | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . | ||
| 47 | them ) . < center > < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | | < center > | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of | ||
| 281117483 | 1 | is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ | socialist | republic of macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian | |
| 284695040 | 16 | republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) | and | countries | [[ montenegro ]] . on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia |
| 36 | provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well as the republics of bosnia | & | and | herzegovina and montenegro , were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to | |
| 288705890 | 0 | [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] | and | a | [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , |
| 288707824 | 0 | [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] | a | and | [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , |
| 292035709 | 5 | of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this | |
| 292754074 | 3 | of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this | |
| 301452175 | 0 | so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo | and metohija ]] | ] | , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek |
| 301452245 | 0 | so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo | ] | ]] | , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek |
| 325621246 | 7 | montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence | , thereby ending the yugoslav state | . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | | |
| 325697061 | 6 | montenegro ]] , which officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence | , thereby ending the yugoslav state | . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its international recognition is , however , still in progress . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ | |
| 337768752 | 10 | - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ | istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] which were also equal members of the federation ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name yugoslavia was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on march 27 , 1992 . it was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining ( non - secessionist ) republics of [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) . on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ state union of | serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië | |
| 337769485 | 10 | - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ | istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] which were also equal members of the federation ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name yugoslavia was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on march 27 , 1992 . it was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining ( non - secessionist ) republics of [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) . on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ state union of | serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië | |
| 337859048 | 0 | , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro | ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially a federal state known as the | | | federal republic of yugoslavia = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast |
| 338545828 | 12 | - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ | . this was the largest yugoslav state , as | [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state | |
| 13 | , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro | istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] which were also equal members of the federation ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name yugoslavia was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on march 27 , 1992 . it was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining ( non - secessionist ) republics of [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) . on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ state union of | serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state union | ||
| 20 | yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia | ) * | [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state | ||
| 21 | , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro | | | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state union of serbia and montenegro | ||
| 347158203 | 0 | [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , | modern day | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and established the basis | |
| 441313646 | 110 | were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia | ]] | , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed | |
| 111 | paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , | [[ | bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating | ||
| 113 | of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , | [[ republic of | macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair | ||
| 114 | sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | | macedonia ]] | and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this | ||
| 115 | . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and | [[ | kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a | ||
| 125 | a serbian service by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , | [[ | montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) | ||
| 126 | service by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro | ]] | , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia | ||
| 138 | serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia | ]] | and [[ montenegro ]] . on january 9 , 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina | ||
| 139 | a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and | [[ | montenegro ]] . on january 9 , 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . | ||
| 467907565 | 10 | > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia and | modern countries , members of the un : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . | |
| 13 | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia | ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica | serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | | ||
| 468741070 | 1 | end of world war ii . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ | socialist republic of croatia | | sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] | |
| 2 | . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ | socialist republic of macedonia | | sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina | ||
| 3 | republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ | socialist republic of montenegro | | sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ | ||
| 4 | provinces that made up the country were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ | socialist republic of slovenia | | sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo | kosovo ]] | ||
| 5 | country were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ | socialist republic of serbia | | sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo | kosovo ]] which after 1974 were largely | ||
| 499509992 | 3 | republic of yugoslavia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and | | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | | |
| 542255901 | 0 | / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of kosovo | | the republic of | kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | | |
| 563179561 | 5 | now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina | , | and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized the [[ 1989 kosovo miners ' strike | |
| 563180646 | 11 | [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo | , | and montenegro during [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution # october 1988 : vojvodina : yogurt revolution | yogurt revolutions ]] . following the first multi - party election results , in | |
| 563181056 | 6 | requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied . the republic ' s government declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska | ' ' | . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = timeline = = = various dates are considered the end of the socialist federal | |
| 563182107 | 4 | april 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * 14 december 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina | , | and croatia = = new states = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | header = | image1 = map of | |
| 588344999 | 3 | serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) liberated by serbian army , with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] | ( which united the | and | [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] five days previously , while the regions of [[ kosovo ]] , [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ vardar macedonia ]] were parts of serbia prior to |
| 616888308 | 24 | arm of the serbian government by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia | ]] | , montenegro , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) | |
| 25 | government by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , montenegro , | [[ | kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ | ||
| 26 | that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , montenegro , [[ kosovo | ]] | , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek | ||
| 30 | , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia | ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) | , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but | ||
| 31 | ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia | ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) | and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his | ||
| 622094154 | 32 | official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 17 | - | [[ macedonia | ( country ) | | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center | |
| 622094862 | 8 | the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . in slovenia the recognized minorities were hungarians and italians . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ | kosovo | | kosovo - metohija ]] formed a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] but those provinces also formed part of the federation , which led to the unique situation that | |
| 15 | , then - loyal montenegro , vojvodina , and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ kosovo albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] | organized | organised | the [[ 1989 kosovo miners ' strike ]] , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at around 80 % of | |
| 702589142 | 50 | [[ socialist republic of montenegro | sr montenegro ]] , [[ socialist republic of slovenia | sr slovenia ]] , and [[ socialist republic of serbia | sr serbia ]] . | [[ | serbia ]] contained two socialist autonomous provinces , [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | kosovo ]] , which after [[ | |
| 722051153 | 1 | its republics ' borders , at first into five countries , leading to the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . after the breakup , the republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ | republic of montenegro ( 1992 – 2006 ) | | montenegro ]] formed a reduced federation , the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) , which aspired to the status of sole [[ succession of states | legal | |
| 772700676 | 1 | pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > fry was renamed to the ' ' ' state union of serbia and montenegro | ' ' ' | ]] | in 2003 . serbia and montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in 2008 . = = |
| 773148075 | 3 | macedonia ]] , [[ socialist republic of montenegro | sr montenegro ]] , [[ socialist republic of slovenia | sr slovenia ]] , and [[ socialist republic of serbia | sr | serbia | slovenia | ]] . serbia contained two socialist autonomous provinces , [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | kosovo ]] , which after |
| 790079385 | 0 | | yugoslavia succeeds to seven countries , which are [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , | the | [[ kosovo ]] and [[ former yugoslavia republic of macedonia ]] ( fyrom ) . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} | |
| 3 | yugoslavia succeeds to seven countries , which are [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , [[ | kosovo ]] and [[ former yugoslavia | republic of macedonia ]] ( fyrom ) . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија {{ ipa - sh | | ||
| 824490818 | 1 | 1992 federation | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | the 1918 – 1941 / 43 kingdom | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] }} {{ distinguish | serbia and montenegro | {{ ! }} | | [[ | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} |
| 6 | {st@rt} {{ for2 | the 1943 – 1992 federation | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | the 1918 – 1941 / 43 kingdom | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | }} {{ distinguish | | serbia and montenegro {{ ! }} federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy | ||
| 859418279 | 5 | of yugoslavia ]] | the 1945 – 1992 socialist federation | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | the 1992 – 2006 federation and confederation between serbia and montenegro | | [[ | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 |
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| 63136524 | 4 | june 5th , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = | during | the early period of the world war one ( 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures ( [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan | |
| 63136659 | 0 | june 5th , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = | = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = | the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 19th century | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] . as the ottoman empire | |
| 89610104 | 0 | 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = | bojan micic is a faggot | = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking | |
| 92351921 | 0 | 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = | = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against freedom movements among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased , and the idea of a union between them gained momentum . during the early period of world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . | yeah | = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , |
| 92352043 | 0 | 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = | yeah so | = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against freedom movements among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased , and the idea of a union between them gained momentum . during the early period of world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas | . . . = = = corfu agreement = = = during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 |
| 95097441 | 2 | 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = | = | = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of | |
| 95139561 | 0 | 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = | = | = = southern slavic state = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat | |
| 110042365 | 0 | 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = | < nowiki > insert non - among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the o ' ' italic text ' ' [[ < math > formatted text here < / nowiki > | = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking | |
| 110043742 | 2 | 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = | < nowiki > insert non - among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the o ' ' italic text ' ' [[ < math > formatted text here < / nowiki > | = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of ' ' | |
| 123594294 | 0 | 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = | heyyyyyyy gurllll | = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking | |
| 123603849 | 0 | 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = | heyyyyyyy gurllll = = background = = | = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking | |
| 149892312 | 0 | 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = | {{ see also | creation of yugoslavia }} | = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking | |
| 702550695 | 0 | broke up in [[ 2006 ]] and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in [[ 2008 ]] . = = background = = | ' ' ' | {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the concept of ' ' [[ yugoslavia ]] ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] | |
| 702589142 | 66 | broke up in [[ 2006 ]] and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in [[ 2008 ]] . = = background = = | ' ' ' | {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' the concept of ' ' [[ yugoslavia ]] ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south slavs | |
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| 85539858 | 14 | falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , | isbn 0 | broth boil and bubble ” : theories about the roots of the yugoslav troubles ’ , ' ' nationalities papers ' ' , vol . 32 , no . 4 , december 2004 , pp . 731 | - 14 - 026101 - x = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] |
| 87847188 | 58 | ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of | [[ | 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the | |
| 59 | [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 | ]] | - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest | ||
| 70 | of yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in | [[ | 1990 ]] - [[ 1991 ]] is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it | ||
| 247526296 | 29 | {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = | [[ | 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in | |
| 257731379 | 5 | see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] | is signed , limiting the military equipment of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia | * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia | |
| 259240376 | 2 | of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < | center > | | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : | |
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| 284700151 | 0 | croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = | april | 2009 - 04 - 18 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia | |
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| 340418355 | 0 | . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > | |
| 343714607 | 0 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia | |
| 349729357 | 0 | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - style = " background : # efefef ; " | | [[ kosovo ]] < ref name = " kosovo " / > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] < ref name = " kosovo " / > | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > | |
| 349729437 | 0 | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - style = " background : # efefef ; " | | [[ kosovo ]] < ref name = " kosovo " / > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] < ref name = " kosovo " / > | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > | |
| 375032646 | 4 | center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - style = " background : # efefef ; " | [[ | kosovo ]] < ref name = " kosovo " / > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] < ref name = " kosovo " / > | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > | |
| 383421016 | 0 | | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ serbia ]] | | - | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : | |
| 387033766 | 0 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | - | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia | |
| 387034056 | 1 | size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia | |
| 400599300 | 54 | > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' | < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = | |
| 55 | ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | ||
| 56 | size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | | - | [[ kosovo ]] {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina | ||
| 57 | size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > | ||
| 58 | size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | ||
| 59 | size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | ||
| 60 | size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | ||
| 439457771 | 10 | = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] | < / center > | | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > | |
| 441313646 | 28 | {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = | 25 september | 1991 - 09 - 25 | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ | |
| 29 | / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = 1991 - 09 - 25 | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = | 21 july | 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming | ||
| 39 | article / worldnews / idustre49780c20081008 | title = u . n . backs serbia in judicial move on kosovo & # 124 ; international | publisher = reuters | date = | 8 october | 2008 - 10 - 08 | accessdate = 2009 - 07 - 20 }} < / ref > on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s independence | ||
| 41 | / / www . bbc . co . uk / news / world - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = | 22 july | 2010 - 07 - 22 | publisher = bbc news | accessdate = 2010 - 07 - 23 }} < / ref > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties | ||
| 42 | - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 2010 - 07 - 22 | publisher = bbc news | accessdate = | 23 july | 2010 - 07 - 23 }} < / ref > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = {{ main | yugosphere }} the similarity of the languages | ||
| 466554200 | 3 | ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = | |
| 4 | size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | ||
| 5 | size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > | ||
| 6 | | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | serbia and | | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | ||
| 9 | size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] | | - | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ kosovo ]] }} {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size | ||
| 467907565 | 2 | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | de iure ]] symbols ) , gained [[ un ]] membership 1991 - 2000 : | | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = | |
| 5 | | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | republic of | | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > | ||
| 467914600 | 6 | flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | | [[ republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : | |
| 13 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } | modern countries , members of the un : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = | ||
| 468701811 | 23 | center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the | republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | = = = yugosphere = = = | | - | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : |
| 469728921 | 3 | ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the republic of macedonia 1992 - 1995 . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia 1991 - 2009 . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | | - | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : |
| 7 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ serbia ]] | | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | ||
| 478217075 | 3 | and influence . < ref > {{ cite web | title = former yugoslavia patches itself together : entering the yugosphere | publisher = [[ the economist ]] | date = | 20 august | 2009 - 08 - 20 | url = http : / / www . economist . com / node / 14258861 | accessdate = 2011 - 11 - 11 }} < | |
| 5 | ac . uk / ecclblog / blogentry . aspx ? blogentryref = 7915 | publisher = the university of edinburgh school of law | author = ljubica spaskovska | date = | 28 september | 2009 - 09 - 28 | accessdate = 2011 - 11 - 11 }} < / ref > the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have | ||
| 484501648 | 0 | . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] ( disputed ) < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ | |
| 499509992 | 4 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > former [[ | | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | |
| 515298204 | 0 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > {{ flagicon | kosovo }} [[ kosovo ]] | | - | } = = = succession = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics of serbia and montenegro , which | |
| 516176739 | 0 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > {{ flagicon | kosovo }} [[ kosovo ]] | | - | } = = = succession = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics of serbia and montenegro , which | |
| 517568094 | 1 | . ar / english / yugoslav - agreement - on - succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = | 14 june | 2012 - 06 - 14 }} < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jstor . org / discover / 10 . 2307 / 20694208 ? | |
| 542254308 | 2 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | |
| 542255088 | 2 | . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | | - | [[ republic of kosovo | the republic of kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > | |
| 542264962 | 0 | ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | ! ! < center > ' ' ' declared date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' official state | | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = | |
| 8 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | june 25 , 1991 | july 7 , 1991 ( after the signing of the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | june 25 | | - | } = = = succession , 1992 - 2003 = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics of serbia | ||
| 547327217 | 11 | . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | " 6 " | | - | 3 | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | style = " | |
| 14 | | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | {{ sfry map | float = | | - | 5 < br > 5a < br > 5b | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} | ||
| 18 | | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file | | - | 6 | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | style = " | ||
| 36 | socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : | sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | | - | 2 | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | style = " | ||
| 39 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the | socialist republic of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | | - | 3 | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | style = " | ||
| 44 | > [[ file : coat of arms of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > | [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | | - | 4 | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] , now [[ podgorica | ||
| 47 | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry montenegro . png | 60px ]] < / center > | | - | 5 < br > 5a < br > 5b | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} | ||
| 59 | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > | [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | | - | } in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include | ||
| 555747797 | 0 | > ! ! < center > official state - recognized date of independence < center > ! ! < center > which date of independence is celebrated as a public holiday | ? < center > | used to celebrate independence | | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia |
| 739489397 | 0 | : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file |
| 739532294 | 0 | : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file |
| 786261304 | 0 | http : / / www . un . org / en / member - states / | title = member states | publisher = united nations }} < / ref > | ! public holiday used to celebrate independence | | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms | |
| 788334299 | 1 | : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn | | | 1 - 77007 - 031 - 1 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in | |
| 4 | fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn | | | 1 - 4039 - 7286 - 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 | ||
| 7 | penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn | | | 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic | ||
| 10 | kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn | | | 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice | ||
| 13 | - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn | | | 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , | ||
| 16 | - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn | | | 0 - 521 - 46705 - 5 * malesevic , sinisa : ideology , legitimacy and the new state : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 | ||
| 19 | | roberts , walter r . ]] : ' ' tito , mihailovic , and the allies : 1941 – 1945 ' ' . duke university press , 1987 ; isbn | | | 0 - 8223 - 0773 - 1 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 – 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books | ||
| 819821999 | 0 | = | longm = | longew = | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | ' ' ' | 1921 - 1945 : [[ serbo - croato - slovene ]] {{ ref label | scs | a | } } < ref name = " busch2004 " > {{ cite | |
| 847130150 | 1 | of the kingdom of yugoslavia | himna kraljevine jugoslavije ]] " ( 1919 & ndash ; 1941 ) < br / > [[ file : himna kraljevine jugoslavije . ogg ]] | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) | - - - - " [[ hey , slavs | hej , slaveni ]] " ( 1945 & ndash ; 1992 ) < br / > [[ file : united states | |
| 847130224 | 1 | indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia ( 1929 & ndash ; 1992 ) | < / small > | - - - - kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent | |
| 847189388 | 3 | = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes < small > ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) < / small > | - - - - yugoslavia < small > ( 1929 & ndash ; 1992 ) < / small > | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | | |
| 847902924 | 3 | < br / > {{ nowrap | {{ small | {{ nobold | 1941 – 1945 : [[ yugoslav government - in - exile | government - in - exile ]] | ( 1941 – 1945 ) | - - - - " [[ hey , slavs | hej , slaveni ]] " ( 1945 & ndash ; 1992 ) < br / > [[ file : united states | |
| 848178566 | 3 | = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes < small > ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) < / small > | - - - - yugoslavia < small > ( 1929 & ndash ; 1992 ) < / small > | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | |
| left_string | del_string | ins_string | right_string | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 33163010 | 0 | ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] | = = further reading = = * the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war , [[ misha glenny ]] isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x | = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in | |
| 44515412 | 0 | [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / | wwww | www | . southslavs . com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians |
| 47183239 | 0 | cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) | = = external links = = * [ http | - - [[ user | : / / www . southslavs . com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . |
| 1 | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : | / / www | 70 | . southslavs . com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians | |
| 2 | malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . | southslavs | 157 | . com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the | |
| 3 | – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . southslavs . | com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ http | 68 . 26 | 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 ]] 01 | : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech | |
| 4 | , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . southslavs . com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ http : | / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians | 16 | , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white | |
| 160655032 | 0 | also 40 , 000 [[ roma ]] and 32 , 000 [[ jews ]] , ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / < / ref > | < | ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jewishvirtuallibrary . org / jsource / | |
| 165062781 | 7 | [[ jasenovac concentration camp modelled on similar institutions elsewhere ] < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . | jasenovac concentration camp | < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / < / ref > was established . immediate post - war propaganda | |
| 171642391 | 0 | http : / / www . vrisak . info / index . php ? option = com _ content & task = view & id = 1910 & itemid = 2 | < | / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | |
| 184062418 | 7 | ]] the enemies of the state . consequently , concentration camps such as jasenovac modelled on similar institutions in occupied europe where established . < ref > http : / / | www | en | . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 |
| 8 | enemies of the state . consequently , concentration camps such as jasenovac modelled on similar institutions in occupied europe where established . < ref > http : / / www . | jasenovac | wikipedia | . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / < | |
| 9 | . consequently , concentration camps such as jasenovac modelled on similar institutions in occupied europe where established . < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / | wiki | / jasenovac . html < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . vrisak . info / index . php ? option = com _ content & | ||
| 14 | . consequently , concentration camps such as jasenovac modelled on similar institutions in occupied europe where established . < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / | whatwasjasenovac . php < | / ref > . < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / < / ref > . immediate post - | ||
| 15 | jasenovac modelled on similar institutions in occupied europe where established . < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > | . < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / < / ref > . immediate post - war propaganda claimed that between 300 , 000 and 700 , 000 people perished in this [[ genocide | jasenovac concentration camp ]] ( supervised directly by the [[ ustasha ]] wartime politicians such as [[ ante pavelic ]] ) ; the victims being overwhelmingly of [[ serbs | serbian origin ]] , but also 40 , 000 [[ romani people ]] and 32 , 000 jews . however , subsequent research has determined those figures to be grossly over - inflated and that the real numbers amounted to c . 60000 to 70000 in total ( bespuća povijesne zbiljnosti ( 1989 . ) ( izvorno izvješće zemaljske komisije hrvatske ( 1946 . ) ) - of all nationalities from former yugoslavia . < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jewishvirtuallibrary . org / jsource / holocaust | / jasenovac . html < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . vrisak . info / index . php ? option = com _ content & | ||
| 284695040 | 29 | , were murdered in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > | [[ croats ]] oposing its ideas | / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav | |
| 78 | camp ]] . a large number of men , women and children , jews , serbs , and croat resistance members , were murdered in these camps . < ref > | http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < | / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav | ||
| 394554278 | 3 | muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com | < ref name = " atheism . about . com " | / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed | |
| 6 | ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / | library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < | / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ | ||
| 404877640 | 3 | the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / | euobserver | www | . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] . < / ref > the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not |
| 4 | union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . | com | pobjeda . me | / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] . < / ref > the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before | |
| 5 | with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / | 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application | citanje . php ? datum = 2010 - 12 - 17 & id = 197069 crna gora od danas kandidat | ] . < / ref > the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement | |
| 441313646 | 54 | hi / special _ report / 1998 / kosovo / 110492 . stm | title = history , bloody history | publisher = [[ bbc news ]] | date = march | 24 , | 1999 | accessdate = december 29 , 2010 }} < / ref > ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the | |
| 55 | / kosovo / 110492 . stm | title = history , bloody history | publisher = [[ bbc news ]] | date = march 24 , 1999 | accessdate = december | 29 , | 2010 }} < / ref > ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the | ||
| 151 | / worldnews / idustre49780c20081008 | title = u . n . backs serbia in judicial move on kosovo & # 124 ; international | publisher = reuters | date = 2008 | - 10 - 08 | | accessdate = 2009 - 07 - 20 }} < / ref > on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s independence was not illegal . < | ||
| 468701811 | 30 | 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s independence was not illegal . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . | bbc | economist | . co . uk / news / world - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 22 july 2010 | publisher |
| 31 | 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s independence was not illegal . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . bbc . | co | com / node / 14258861 | accessdate = 2011 - 11 - 11 }} < / ref > < ref > {{ cite web | title = the ' yugo - sphere ' | url = http : / / www . law . ed . ac | . uk / news / world - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 22 july 2010 | publisher = bbc | |
| 35 | / / www . bbc . co . uk / news / world - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = | 22 july 2010 | publisher = bbc news | 2009 - 09 - 28 | | accessdate = 23 july 2010 }} < / ref > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = {{ main | yugosphere }} the similarity of the | |
| 36 | / world - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 22 july 2010 | publisher = bbc news | accessdate = | 23 july 2010 | 2011 - 11 - 11 | }} < / ref > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = {{ main | yugosphere }} the similarity of the languages and the long history of | |
| 478217075 | 26 | . uk / ecclblog / blogentry . aspx ? blogentryref = 7915 | publisher = the university of edinburgh school of law | author = ljubica spaskovska | date = 2009 | - 09 - 28 | | accessdate = 2011 - 11 - 11 }} < / ref > the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the | |
| 537097237 | 2 | / ref > from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the [[ united states ]] , referred to the fry as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref | name = " serbia and montenegro " | > 1999 [[ cia ]] [[ world factbook ]] : [ http : / / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia | |
| 5 | [[ united nations security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . < ref > {{ cite book | url = | http : | " mpil . de " | / / www . mpil . de / shared / data / pdf / pdfmpunyb / wood _ 1 . pdf | title = max planck yearbook of united nations law | |
| 9 | ref > from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the united states , referred to the federal republic of yugoslavia as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref | > 1999 [[ cia ]] [[ world factbook ]] : [ http : | name = " serbia and montenegro " | / / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > the state was finally officially renamed | |
| 10 | security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . < ref > {{ cite book | url = http : / | / www . mpil . de / shared / data / pdf / pdfmpunyb / wood _ 1 . pdf | title = max planck yearbook of united nations law | chapter = participation of former yugoslav states in the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref | > eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of | ||
| 12 | , referred to the federal republic of yugoslavia as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref > 1999 [[ cia ]] [[ world factbook ]] : [ http : / | / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref | > the state was finally officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . in april 2001 , the five successor states drafted and in june 2001 they signed an | ||
| 551604287 | 2 | yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html | ] {{ dead link | date = april 2013 }} | < / ref > = = world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 150px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] | |
| 4 | name = " atheism . about . com " > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm | | title = yugoslavia - religious demographics | publisher = atheism . about . com | date = 2009 - 12 - 16 | accessdate = 2013 - 04 - 22 }} | < / ref > after the rise of communism , a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the total population of yugoslavia considered themselves to be | ||
| 594475714 | 15 | forced to convert to catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | serbians ]] but included 37 , 000 jews . < ref > {{ cite web | url = | < ref > {{ cite web | url = | http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = | |
| 620300269 | 3 | {{ cite book | author1 = arnold and wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http : / / books . google . com | " | / books ? id = xrd6y - oifpac & pg = pa216 | year = 2012 | | page = 216 }} < / ref > { | class = " | |
| 4 | cite book | author1 = arnold and wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http : / / books . google . com / | books ? id = xrd6y - oifpac & pg = pa216 | year = 2012 | | page = 216 }} < / ref | > { | class = " wikitable " | - ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > | ||
| 686237393 | 1 | . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . < ref > {{ cite book | url = | http | https | : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xcp7oxqe0fmc & pg = pa624 | title = the balkans since 1453 | page = 624 }} < |
| 2 | < ref > {{ cite book | author1 = james r . arnold | author2 = roberta wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = | http | https | : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xrd6y - oifpac & pg = pa216 | date = january 2012 | publisher = abc - clio | |
| 3 | = " books . google . com " > {{ cite book | author1 = arnold and wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = | http | https | : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xrd6y - oifpac & pg = pa216 | year = 2012 | | page = 216 }} < | |
| 4 | cite book | author1 = john o . iatrides | author2 = linda wrigley | title = greece at the crossroads : the civil war and its legacy | url = | http | https | : / / books . google . com / books ? id = vv1t3d _ 3vjkc & pg = pa267 | year = 2004 | publisher = penn state university press | |
| 5 | marshall plan . < ref > {{ cite book | author = john r . lampe | title = yugoslav - american economic relations since world war ii | url = | http | https | : / / books . google . com / books ? id = epmof1l0ibac & pg = pa28 | year = 1990 | publisher = duke university press | pages = | |
| 6 | and legitimation , 1918 – 2005 | publisher = indiana university press | location = bloomington | isbn = 978 - 0 - 253 - 34656 - 8 | url = | http | https | : / / books . google . com / books ? id = ftw3leqi2 - oc & printsec = frontcover | ref = harv }} * [[ walter roberts ( writer | |
| 715895448 | 0 | 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm | | title = orderofdanilo . org | publisher = }} | < / ref > the country was named after the [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] and constituted their first union , following centuries in which the territories had | |
| 1 | - on - succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 14 june 2012 }} < / ref > | {{ cite web | url = | http : / / www . dipublico . com . ar / english / yugoslav - agreement - on - succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement | ||
| 2 | succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 14 june 2012 }} < / ref > < ref > | < ref > {{ cite web | url = | http : / / www . jstor . org / discover / 10 . 2307 / 20694208 ? uid = 3738200 & uid = 2129 & uid = 2 & uid | ||
| 3 | discover / 10 . 2307 / 20694208 ? uid = 3738200 & uid = 2129 & uid = 2 & uid = 70 & uid = 4 & sid = 21100853300901 | | title = agreement on succession issues between the five successor states of the former state of yugoslavia | publisher = }} | < / ref > marking an important transition in its history , the federal republic of yugoslavia was officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . = = = | ||
| 730832904 | 2 | | yugoslavia }} {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} {{ eb1922 poster }} * {{ wikiatlas | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr | - info | % 2dinfo | / maps / maps ] * {{ cite americana | wstitle = jugoslavia | author = milivoy s . stanoyevich | short = x }} * [ https : / / |
| 3 | wiktionary | yugoslavia }} {{ eb1922 poster }} * {{ wikiatlas | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps | / | / maps ] * {{ cite americana | wstitle = jugoslavia | author = milivoy s . stanoyevich | short = x }} * [ https : / / books . | ||
| 736681850 | 1 | * {{ wikiatlas | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / web . archive . org / web / 20120212164932 / http : / / www . ohr . int | : 80 | / ohr % 2dinfo / maps / maps ] * {{ cite americana | wstitle = jugoslavia | author = milivoy s . stanoyevich | short = x }} * [ | |
| 772834084 | 0 | to attack yugoslavia on 6 april 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > [ | http : / / arquivo . pt / wayback / 20091015085557 / | http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 | |
| 1 | . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html ] | {{ dead link | date = april 2013 }} | < / ref > = = world war ii = = {{ main article | world war ii in yugoslavia }} [[ file : stjepan stevo filipović . jpg | thumb | ||
| 779051324 | 0 | = a history of the global economy . from 1500 to the present . | date = 2016 | publisher = cambridge university press | page = 64 | isbn = | 9781107507180 | 978 - 1 - 107 - 50718 - 0 | }} < / ref > at the same time , western economies went into recession , decreasing demand for yugoslavian imports , creating a large debt problem . in 1989 , |
| 788065589 | 0 | ]] ! [[ flag ]] ! [[ coat of arms ]] ! declared date of independence ! [[ united nations ]] membership < ref > {{ cite web | url = | http | https | : / / www . un . org / en / member - states / | title = member states | publisher = united nations }} < / ref > | |
| 792851831 | 3 | yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html | ] | < / ref > = = world war ii = = {{ main article | world war ii in yugoslavia }} [[ file : stjepan stevo filipović . jpg | thumb | |
| 801323312 | 0 | | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 14 june 2012 }} < / ref > < ref > {{ cite web | url = | http | https | : / / www . jstor . org / discover / 10 . 2307 / 20694208 ? uid = 3738200 & uid = 2129 & uid = 2 & uid = |
| 1 | ( harvest book ) , 1997 * pavlowitch , steven . ' ' hitler ' s new disorder : the second world war in yugoslavia ' ' ( 2008 ) [ | http | https | : / / www . amazon . com / hitlers - new - disorder - yugoslavia - columbia / dp / 0231700504 / excerpt and text search ] * {{ cite | |
| 810322391 | 1 | yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html | | title = april 6 : germany invades yugoslavia and greece | website = arquivo . pt }} | < / ref > = = world war ii = = {{ main article | world war ii in yugoslavia }} [[ file : stjepan stevo filipović . jpg | thumb | |
| 818985113 | 0 | cite web | url = http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm | title = orderofdanilo . org | publisher = | | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20090516203805 / http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm | archivedate = 16 may 2009 | df = dmy - all | }} < / ref > the country was named after the [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] and constituted their first union , following centuries in which the territories | |
| 1 | profile 2001 | url = http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 | | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20110928025829 / http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | archivedate = 28 september 2011 | df = dmy - all | }} < / ref > [[ serbia and montenegro ]] themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in 2008 . = = | ||
| 2 | / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html | title = april 6 : germany invades yugoslavia and greece | website = arquivo . pt | | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = http : / / arquivo . pt / wayback / 20091015085557 / http % 3a / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html | archivedate = 15 october 2009 | df = dmy - all | }} < / ref > = = world war ii = = {{ main article | world war ii in yugoslavia }} [[ file : stjepan stevo filipović . jpg | | ||
| 6 | april 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > {{ cite web | url = | http : / / arquivo . pt / wayback / 20091015085557 / | http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 | ||
| 846351997 | 2 | - on - succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 14 june 2012 }} < / ref > | < ref name = " successor agreement " > | / ref > marking an important transition in its history , the federal republic of yugoslavia was officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . according to the succession | |
| 847903009 | 0 | web . archive . org / web / 20000816214535 / http : / / www . cia . gov : 80 / cia / publications / factbook / sr . html | | title = cia - - the world factbook 1999 - - serbia and montenegro | date = 16 august 2000 | publisher = }} | < / ref > in april 2001 , the five successor states extant at the time drafted an agreement on succession issues , signing the agreement in june 2001 . < | |
| 1 | | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 14 june 2012 }} < / ref > < ref name = " successor agreement " > | {{ cite web | url = | https : / / www . jstor . org / discover / 10 . 2307 / 20694208 ? uid = 3738200 & uid = 2129 & uid = 2 & uid | ||
| 853814420 | 0 | htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > as they viewed its claim to yugoslavia ' s successorship as illegitimate . < ref > {{ cite web | url = | http : / / www . cia . gov : 80 / cia / publications / factbook / sr . html | archive - url = | https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20000816214535 / http : / / www . cia . gov : 80 / cia / publications / factbook | |
| 856614869 | 0 | archive - date = 16 august 2000 | title = cia - - the world factbook 1999 - - serbia and montenegro | date = 16 august 2000 | publisher = | | access - date = 26 august 2018 | df = dmy - all | }} < / ref > in april 2001 , the five successor states extant at the time drafted an agreement on succession issues , signing the agreement in june 2001 . | |
| 1 | sr . html | archive - url = https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20000816214535 / http : / / www . cia . gov | : 80 | / cia / publications / factbook / sr . html | dead - url = yes | archive - date = 16 august 2000 | title = cia - - the | ||
| 857748479 | 2 | _ flag2 = [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( 1918 – 1941 ) < | | symbol _ type = top : [[ coat of arms of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < small > | br / > bottom : flag ( 1945 – 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of |
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| 49653 | 0 | {st@rt} | [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] | the federal republic of yugoslavia is a country in southeastern europe , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as a [[ monarchy ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became | |
| 74642 | 0 | {st@rt} [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] | yugoslaviamap . png < table align = " right " > < tr > < td > [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png ]] < / tr > < / td > < tr > < td > < i > fig . 1 - current map of yugoslavia < / i > < / tr > < / td > < / table > | the federal republic of yugoslavia is a country in southeastern europe , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as a [[ monarchy ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became | |
| 187236 | 0 | {st@rt} [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] | < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > | the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a country in southeastern europe , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as a [[ monarchy ]] . after [[ | |
| 689653 | 2 | yougoslavie ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > until 4th february , | [[ | 2003 the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' has been a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom | |
| 3 | ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > until 4th february , 2003 | ]] | the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' has been a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of | ||
| 904667 | 12 | , serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued co - operation , which , among other changes , promised the end of yugoslavia . on february 4 , | [[ | 2003 the federal parliament of yugoslavia dissolved the country and agreed to create a loose [[ commonwealth ]] of the remaining two states within a union . the new union of | |
| 904670 | 2 | and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued co - operation , which , among other changes , promised the end of yugoslavia . on [[ february 4 ]] , | [[ | 2003 ]] the federal parliament of yugoslavia dissolved the country and agreed to create a loose [[ commonwealth ]] of the remaining two states within a union . the new union | |
| 1212343 | 0 | " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > until [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] the | ' ' ' | federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' existed as a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] . yugoslavia formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of | |
| 1213973 | 2 | ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' - article on the republic , 1963 to | 1991 | 1992 | . * [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1991 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' |
| 1288560 | 6 | serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , from 1918 to [[ 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to 1941 | . | ]] | * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist yugoslavia ]] , which existed from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1992 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' |
| 7 | and slovenes ' ' ' , from 1918 to [[ 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to 1941 . * [[ | socialist | democratic | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist yugoslavia ]] , which existed from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1992 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia | |
| 10 | , from 1945 to [[ 1946 ]] , * * ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * | * ' ' ' | [[ | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to 1992 . * [[ serbia and montenegro | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1992 , under names | |
| 20 | of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to 1992 . * | [[ serbia and montenegro | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1992 , under names : * * ' ' ' | federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' ' , from 2003 onward . | ||
| 1298298 | 8 | [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] | * | by | [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1946 ]] , * [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] |
| 9 | of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * [[ | axis powers ]] . the second was a [[ communist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] under the name ' ' ' | democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1946 ]] , * [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , | ||
| 14 | [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1946 ]] , * [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] | , * | to the | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1963 to [[ 1992 ]] * federal republic of yugoslavia , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * [[ serbia and montenegro | |
| 1984488 | 0 | which in [[ 1946 ]] changed its name to the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and again in [[ 1963 ]] to the | ' ' ' | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , under which it existed until [[ 1991 ]] - [[ 1992 ]] when four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , | |
| 1984503 | 5 | six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . as a result a federation | named | called the | ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , which in [[ 2003 ]] remade |
| 2957603 | 4 | republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * a federation called | the | ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed in [[ 1991 ]] between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ | |
| 4117764 | 0 | ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' | [[ | federal republic of yugoslavia ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1991 ]] between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in | |
| 8640465 | 4 | operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = | [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] | the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia officially ceased to exist on [[ april 28 ]] , 1992 , when the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed | |
| 15243372 | 0 | by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' | ' | democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' | |
| 22506196 | 10 | way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] | the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " in early 1992 . | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the socialist | |
| 22506688 | 3 | htm ] the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " in early 1992 . | various dates are considered as the end of | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the socialist | |
| 4 | 1992 . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] | : * | the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia officially ceased to exist on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) | ||
| 38616779 | 0 | national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . | = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : tito . marshall . post - war . j . j . . jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc | eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own internal constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was tito as president ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was victim of a dubious traffic incident . minister of the interior aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in the case of [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in 1986 that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . in the 1980s , the albanians were the largest ethnic group in kosovo with over 90 % of the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kucan ]] had since 1986 been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it on a collision course with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed suit . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , favored democratisation and economic liberalization , but were voted down . as a result , the slovene and croatian delegations left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march 1990 , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia - hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march , 1991 , the so - called [[ plitvice bloody easter ]] incident was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , the yugoslav people ' s army took armed action , leading to a ten - day war , marking the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . at the end of the ten days , the yugoslav army was defeated , and pulled out of slovenia . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions , with the aid of the yugoslav army , fought the forces of the republic of croatia . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbo - montenegrin border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ imoro ]] ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[ | |
| 38641857 | 0 | national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . | = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : tito . marshall . post - war . j . j . . jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc | eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own internal constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was tito as president ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was victim of a dubious traffic incident . minister of the interior aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in the case of [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in 1986 that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . in the 1980s , the albanians were the largest ethnic group in kosovo with over 90 % of the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kucan ]] had since 1986 been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it on a collision course with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed suit . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , favored democratisation and economic liberalization , but were voted down . as a result , the slovene and croatian delegations left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march 1990 , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia - hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march , 1991 , the so - called [[ plitvice bloody easter ]] incident was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , the yugoslav people ' s army took armed action , leading to a ten - day war , marking the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . at the end of the ten days , the yugoslav army was defeated , and pulled out of slovenia . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions , with the aid of the yugoslav army , fought the forces of the republic of croatia . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbo - montenegrin border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ imoro ]] ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[ | |
| 43281992 | 0 | * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) | * march 11 , 2005 , the death of slobodan milošević in the hague whilst facing trials for war crimes and crimes against humanity . cause still unknown . | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[ | |
| 43285026 | 0 | * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) | * march 11 , 2005 , the death of slobodan milošević in the hague whilst facing trials for war crimes and crimes against humanity . cause still unknown . | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[ | |
| 43653211 | 0 | previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) | = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : tito . marshall . post - war . j . j . . jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc | eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own internal constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was tito as president ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was victim of a dubious traffic incident . minister of the interior aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in the case of [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in 1986 that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by 1999 they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kucan ]] had since 1986 been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it on a collision course with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed suit . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , favored democratisation and economic liberalization , but were voted down . as a result , the slovene and croatian delegations left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march 1990 , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslavenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia - hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march , 1991 , the [[ plitvice bloody easter ]] incident was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , the yugoslav people ' s army took armed action , leading to a ten - day war , marking the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . at the end of the ten days , the yugoslav army was defeated , and pulled out of slovenia . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions fought the forces of the republic of croatia with the aid of the yugoslav army . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbo - montenegrin border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ imoro ]] ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all three nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were ignored , though such decision should be supported by all bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[ | |
| 43653311 | 1 | previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) | = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] s organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croat ]] - [[ slovenian people | slovenian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against nla . after the allies realised that the chetniks were helping the germans they ceased to support them . the german response to the resistance movement was to punish the civilian population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . italian occupying forces also committed many atrocities ( cf . [[ italian war crimes ]] ) . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew | jews ]] , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : tito . marshall . post - war . j . j . . jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc | eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own internal constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was tito as president ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was victim of a dubious traffic incident . minister of the interior aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in the case of [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in 1986 that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by 1999 they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kucan ]] had since 1986 been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it on a collision course with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed suit . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , favored democratisation and economic liberalization , but were voted down . as a result , the slovene and croatian delegations left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march 1990 , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslavenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia - hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march , 1991 , the [[ plitvice bloody easter ]] incident was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , the yugoslav people ' s army took armed action , leading to a ten - day war , marking the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . at the end of the ten days , the yugoslav army was defeated , and pulled out of slovenia . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions fought the forces of the republic of croatia with the aid of the yugoslav army . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbo - montenegrin border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ imoro ]] ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all three nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were ignored , though such decision should be supported by all bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[ | |
| 44309697 | 2 | , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ | serbia and montenegro | | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in 1992 on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous | |
| 45951689 | 0 | * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) | i like dick | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[ | |
| 46021189 | 2 | * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) | i like dick | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[ | |
| 49154099 | 0 | yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and then the | ' ' ' | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' | |
| 59611366 | 7 | federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) and then the ' ' ' [[ | socialist | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . ' ' ' * the third was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' | |
| 63522014 | 0 | april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | | frame | thumb | 200px | | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , |
| 66041577 | 1 | and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) | ö | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] | |
| 66043842 | 1 | and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) | ö | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] | |
| 68011126 | 0 | by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . the ' ' ' | second yugoslavia ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945 ]] as the succesor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia . it existed under various names . proclaimed as the ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' in [[ 1943 ]] it changed its name to the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' in [[ 1946 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] it would again change its name to the ' ' ' | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry ) was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 | |
| 80313028 | 32 | well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image : ante marković . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ ante marković ]] ]] in [[ 1989 ]] | [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the | yugoslavian | federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy |
| 80313856 | 14 | well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image : ante marković . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ ante marković ]] ]] in [[ 1989 ]] | yugoslavian | [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the | federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepared the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy |
| 83862003 | 23 | ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' in [[ 1946 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] it would again change its name to the | ' ' ' | " | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry ) and would exist under this name until its death following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . the declaration |
| 50 | [[ yugoslav wars ]] . the declaration of independence and secession by most of the constituent republics of sfry led to the formation of a federation named the ' ' ' | [[ | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of | ||
| 84665400 | 1 | }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} | {{ legend | # c00000 | kosovo }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries , listed in the next paragraphs . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests , fueled and icited by external supporters of the break - up between the republics , had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . the collapse of yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in [[ 1990 ]] - [[ 1991 ]] is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration of yugoslavia . the fundamental cause of the yugoslav collapse was not an economic crisis . this was barely a pretext used by social groups in yugoslavia and their tutors in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration " which inevitably led to disastrous war and hundreds of thousands of innocent people being murdered in order to save the face of dying and collapsing capitalism . many [[ europe | european ]] governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ central europe | central ]] [[ europe ]] at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states eager to gain " independence " for [[ slovenia ]] and [[ croatia ]] ; on the other side was the [[ united states ]] , eager only to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and " globalised " its political economy through " shock therapy " in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . whether decimated or not . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , us , more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 - 90 the vatican was openly championing independence for slovenia and croatia . {{ fact }} the real goal of austrian policy was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " ' ' saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion ' ' " . in the summer of 1991 the [[ european council ]] was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did not stop austrian efforts . the [[ hungary | hungarian ]] government of [[ józsef antall ]] , elected in the spring of 1990 , adopted a policy very much in line with that of austria , but with additional hungarian goals [[ vis - à - vis ]] serbia ' s [[ vojvodina ]] province . {{ fact }} these manoeuvres by austria and hungary to break up yugoslavia were , of course , then overshadowed by the [[ germany | german ]] government ' s drive to derecognise yugoslavia through giving recognition to slovenia and croatia . the german government ' s open championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did not occur until the late spring of 1991 , but long before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from [[ bonn ]] for their efforts . germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost hundred billions of us dollars in the name of wwii reparations . it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first , when jugoslav president tito offered germany to repay the debt when it recovers from the repaying other countries , and then when germans realised that if jugoslavia disappears , germany could finance , otherwise disastrous , re - unification with east germany . if jugoslavia did not breakup , germany would not have been able to finance its own re - union . there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . {{ fact }} this campaign on the surface , was not supported by the united states , which championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of " shock therapy " on the country as a whole via the imf . as they always did , they kept the posture of trying to help , when in the background , through their vasals , us was pushing hard for the breakup , looking greedily at real estate and strategic positions around the country , along the long ago proposed highway to turkey . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many so - called " experts " would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . nothing could have been further from the truth , as the stellar growth and rapid industrialisation have demonstrated . so external enemies had to play through the system in order to destabilise the country and make it look like it was crumbling under its own problems . economy and the political system , being socialist one , were the great excuses for imperialist capitalism . the [[ 1974 ]] constitution , though better for the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . in 1990 - 1991 , then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia had been dispossessed of its attributes of statehood by the new 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government could not take nor carry out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council , they even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , < ref > [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy ]] < / ref > ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to ever increasing violence of albanians against serbian population , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . far cry from the days when it was the other way around , not even hundred years ago . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners {{ fact }} , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was rightly ordered by the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the most time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia as to devolve power even more to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia , further seeking to provoke the jna into declaring a [[ state of emergency ]] , proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9th ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on [[ june 25th ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare illegal [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian people ' s defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian flag ]] . following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . recently the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their illegal independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting the serbs from new and illegal croatian army disguised as police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence illegaly , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all three nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were ignored , though such decision should be supported by all bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] triumphantly , to delight of the countries and enemies of jugoslavia that worked so hard towards its destuction , declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its illegal independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] | |
| 84674003 | 1 | }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} | {{ legend | # c00000 | kosovo }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries , listed in the next paragraphs . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests , fueled and icited by external supporters of the break - up between the republics , had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . the collapse of yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in [[ 1990 ]] - [[ 1991 ]] is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration of yugoslavia . the fundamental cause of the yugoslav collapse was not an economic crisis . this was barely a pretext used by social groups in yugoslavia and their tutors in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration " which inevitably led to disastrous war and hundreds of thousands of innocent people being murdered in order to save the face of dying and collapsing capitalism . many [[ europe | european ]] governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ central europe | central ]] [[ europe ]] at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states eager to gain " independence " for [[ slovenia ]] and [[ croatia ]] ; on the other side was the [[ united states ]] , eager only to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and " globalised " its political economy through " shock therapy " in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . whether decimated or not . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , us , more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 - 90 the vatican was openly championing independence for slovenia and croatia . {{ fact }} the real goal of austrian policy was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " ' ' saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion ' ' " . in the summer of 1991 the [[ european council ]] was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did not stop austrian efforts . the [[ hungary | hungarian ]] government of [[ józsef antall ]] , elected in the spring of 1990 , adopted a policy very much in line with that of austria , but with additional hungarian goals [[ vis - à - vis ]] serbia ' s [[ vojvodina ]] province . {{ fact }} these manoeuvres by austria and hungary to break up yugoslavia were , of course , then overshadowed by the [[ germany | german ]] government ' s drive to derecognise yugoslavia through giving recognition to slovenia and croatia . the german government ' s open championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did not occur until the late spring of 1991 , but long before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from [[ bonn ]] for their efforts . germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost hundred billions of us dollars in the name of wwii reparations . it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first , when jugoslav president tito offered germany to repay the debt when it recovers from the repaying other countries , and then when germans realised that if jugoslavia disappears , germany could finance , otherwise disastrous , re - unification with east germany . if jugoslavia did not breakup , germany would not have been able to finance its own re - union . there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . {{ fact }} this campaign on the surface , was not supported by the united states , which championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of " shock therapy " on the country as a whole via the imf . as they always did , they kept the posture of trying to help , when in the background , through their vasals , us was pushing hard for the breakup , looking greedily at real estate and strategic positions around the country , along the long ago proposed highway to turkey . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many so - called " experts " would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . nothing could have been further from the truth , as the stellar growth and rapid industrialisation have demonstrated . so external enemies had to play through the system in order to destabilise the country and make it look like it was crumbling under its own problems . economy and the political system , being socialist one , were the great excuses for imperialist capitalism . the [[ 1974 ]] constitution , though better for the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . in 1990 - 1991 , then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia had been dispossessed of its attributes of statehood by the new 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government could not take nor carry out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council , they even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , < ref > [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy ]] < / ref > ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to ever increasing violence of albanians against serbian population , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . far cry from the days when it was the other way around , not even hundred years ago . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners {{ fact }} , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was rightly ordered by the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the most time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia as to devolve power even more to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia , further seeking to provoke the jna into declaring a [[ state of emergency ]] , proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9th ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on [[ june 25th ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare illegal [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian people ' s defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian flag ]] . following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . recently the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their illegal independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting the serbs from new and illegal croatian army disguised as police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence illegaly , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all three nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were ignored , though such decision should be supported by all bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] triumphantly , to delight of the countries and enemies of jugoslavia that worked so hard towards its destuction , declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its illegal independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] | |
| 105818169 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of | yugoslavia | pizza | | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities |
| 1 | {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of | yugoslavia | barbie | | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the | |
| 105819786 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of | pizza | yugoslavia | | federal republic of barbie | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities |
| 1 | {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of pizza | federal republic of | barbie | yugoslavia | | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the | |
| 110020194 | 0 | and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) | fallopian tube | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the | |
| 110035374 | 0 | and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) | fallopian tube | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the | |
| 111867936 | 7 | , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . | {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian teritorial defence ( ' ' teritorialna obramba ' ' , a paramilitary organization ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian flag ]] . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting or aiding serbs in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and the newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the | |
| 111868326 | 6 | starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . well the people sucked dick to get liberated and fuckin fucked 24 hours a day so that they could get free porn . | in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people | . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] | |
| 7 | as a [[ prime minister ]] . well the people sucked dick to get liberated and fuckin fucked 24 hours a day so that they could get free porn . . | {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian teritorial defence ( ' ' teritorialna obramba ' ' , a paramilitary organization ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian flag ]] . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting or aiding serbs in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and the newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the | ||
| 114973003 | 0 | ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ unreferenced | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} | after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and even vojvodina and kosovo , provinces in serbia . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to several reasons , among them being the ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . less than a hundred years before , it was the other way around . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon the illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian teritorial defence ( ' ' teritorialna obramba ' ' , a paramilitary organization ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian flag ]] . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting or aiding serbs in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and the newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) | gay wad | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the |
| 114973135 | 0 | ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ unreferenced | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} | gay wad | after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and even vojvodina and kosovo , provinces in serbia . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to several reasons , among them being the ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . less than a hundred years before , it was the other way around . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon the illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian teritorial defence ( ' ' teritorialna obramba ' ' , a paramilitary organization ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian flag ]] . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting or aiding serbs in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and the newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the |
| 115661983 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | | socialist | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known | |
| 1 | {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | | socialist | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders | ||
| 130186499 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of | yugoslavia | frogs ! | | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities |
| 130212495 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of | frogs ! | yugoslavia | | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities |
| 146990508 | 1 | [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is | celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when macedonia declared indepedence * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) | sxc ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the |
| 146990528 | 1 | 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . marija serfovic is | sxc ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! | celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when macedonia declared indepedence * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the |
| 156524186 | 1 | power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main | article : [[ | | | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on |
| 158271075 | 0 | herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) | * [[ november ]] , [[ 1995 ]] , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ 1996 ]] - [[ 1999 ]] clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * [[ june ]] , [[ 1999 ]] un and nato administration arrived to kosovo * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] after refferendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their indipendences * [[ december ]] , [[ 2006 ]] - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the | |
| 159661981 | 0 | serbia and montenegro declared their indipendences * [[ december ]] , [[ 2006 ]] - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . | bb | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the | |
| 159662399 | 0 | serbia and montenegro declared their indipendences * [[ december ]] , [[ 2006 ]] - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . | bb | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the | |
| 160505881 | 0 | movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = {{ main | economy of the | queer | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} although rigorously socialist in developing its industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this | |
| 160505986 | 0 | movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = {{ main | economy of the | queer | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} although rigorously socialist in developing its industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this | |
| 160506157 | 0 | maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the | ( ethan peverall is gay ) | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = | |
| 160520030 | 0 | maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the | ( ethan peverall is gay ) | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = | |
| 172185452 | 0 | referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * december , 2006 - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . | ; lkdfjgdfgljdf ; lsjkdf ; lsgkdf ; lks ; ldsgs ; ld ' sk ' ; lkgdf ; ls ; l ' | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the | |
| 172293660 | 0 | referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * december , 2006 - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . | ; lkdfjgdfgljdf ; lsjkdf ; lsgkdf ; lks ; ldsgs ; ld ' sk ' ; lkgdf ; ls ; l ' | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the | |
| 175056884 | 2 | of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' | [[ | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , a | |
| 4 | starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the secession of most of the republic ' s constituent elements . the ' ' ' | [[ | federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( [[ april 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] & ndash ; [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] ) | ||
| 176994975 | 0 | referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * december , 2006 - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . | < nowiki > insert non - formatted text here < / nowiki > | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the | |
| 177754410 | 0 | referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * december , 2006 - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . | < nowiki > insert non - formatted text here < / nowiki > | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the | |
| 184057204 | 6 | democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) " ( 1943 ) , the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) " ( 1946 ) , and the | " | country was renamed again to | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) " ( 1963 ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the |
| 185860003 | 0 | was renamed to federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia . the parliamentary democracy was suspended and communist state was established . in 1963 , the country was renamed again to | ' ' ' | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . starting in [[ 1991 ]] , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the secession of | |
| 186368893 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of | yugoslavia | yugosluckia | | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities |
| 186370192 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of | yugosluckia | yugoslavia | | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities |
| 192099051 | 5 | after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * december , 2006 - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] | . | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the | |
| 192208519 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of | yugoslavia | fucking for life / gay assholes | | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities |
| 192208611 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of | fucking for life / gay assholes | yugoslavia | | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities |
| 194309979 | 3 | after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] | * [[ february 26 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when gurgie land takes over europe and forms the little - known gurgie empire . muahaha ! ! ! | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the | |
| 194309999 | 3 | after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] | * [[ february 26 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when gurgie land takes over europe and forms the little - known gurgie empire . muahaha ! ! ! | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the | |
| 197796559 | 0 | {st@rt} | ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of | i wanna bone | yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political |
| 208224493 | 0 | {st@rt} | ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | | i am a shitface . | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known |
| 208224515 | 0 | {st@rt} | i am a shitface . | ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known |
| 228035680 | 0 | invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was | the | " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ communist ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people | |
| 231803887 | 31 | by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the | " | democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ communist ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people ' | |
| 35 | renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the | " | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] was added to the new yugoslavia after the | ||
| 38 | in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name was the | " | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( fry ) established on [[ march 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] . it was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of | ||
| 255553028 | 1 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of | yugoslavia | yugoslobia | | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise |
| 6 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | | socialist | federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as | ||
| 255553113 | 2 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslobia | federal | abomination | republic | of yugoslobia | federal abomination of yugoslobia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslobia . |
| 277851849 | 0 | , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independence * february 17 , 2008 , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] | although this independence is still not recognized by russia or china | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | |
| 277856377 | 1 | , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independence * february 17 , 2008 , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] | although this independence is still not recognized by russia , or china | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | |
| 284180004 | 0 | declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . | = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january 15 , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * june 14 , 1996 , the [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] is signed , limiting the military equipment of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independence * february 17 , 2008 , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] | first world war | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb |
| 284180078 | 0 | declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . | first world war | = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january 15 , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * june 14 , 1996 , the [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] is signed , limiting the military equipment of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independence * february 17 , 2008 , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb |
| 324183845 | 0 | montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] | it sucked my azz | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | |
| 324184685 | 0 | and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] it sucked my azz | on may 21 , 2006 , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , reaching the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] . on june 3 , 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | |
| 329283670 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of | yugoslavia | yugoslamania | | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities |
| 1 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of | yugoslavia | yugoslamania | | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise | |
| 329284590 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of | yugoslamania | yugoslavia | | socialist federal republic of yugoslamania | federal republic of yugoslamania }} [[ file : locationyugoslamania2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities |
| 1 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslamania | socialist federal republic of | yugoslamania | yugoslavia | | federal republic of yugoslamania }} [[ file : locationyugoslamania2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslamania . the precise | |
| 337642740 | 4 | this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . | it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to which the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] was annexed on 13 november 1918 , and the conference of ambassadors in [[ paris ]] gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > ) . the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the | * | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new |
| 8 | , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 , | 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | | initially known as | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on april 28 , 1992 , and it | |
| 337768752 | 7 | yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . | * | it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to which the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] was annexed on 13 november 1918 , and the conference of ambassadors in [[ paris ]] gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > ) . the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal |
| 15 | df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , | initially a federal state known as | 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | | the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : | |
| 337769009 | 4 | this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . | it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to which the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] was annexed on 13 november 1918 , and the conference of ambassadors in [[ paris ]] gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > ) . the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the | * | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new |
| 8 | , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 , | 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | | initially a federal state known as | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on april 28 , 1992 , and it | |
| 337769485 | 7 | yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . | * | it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to which the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] was annexed on 13 november 1918 , and the conference of ambassadors in [[ paris ]] gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > ) . the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal |
| 15 | df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , | initially a federal state known as | 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | | the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : | |
| 337777732 | 4 | this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . | it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to which the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] was annexed on 13 november 1918 , and the conference of ambassadors in [[ paris ]] gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > ) . the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the | * | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new |
| 8 | , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 , | 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | | initially a federal state known as | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on april 28 , 1992 , and it | |
| 338545828 | 7 | yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . | * | ' ' | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal |
| 14 | the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia | ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with the 1918 collapse of [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austria - hungary ]] at the end of [[ world war i ]] and the formation of the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a centralized yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . < ref > {{ cite book | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xcp7oxqe0fmc & pg = pa624 | title = the balkans since 1453 | page = 624 }} < / ref > during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned , communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia ]] ( autonomous region with significant internal self - government ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . the entire kingdom was to be federalized but [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state union of serbia and montenegro | ||
| 343664317 | 2 | 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , | [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] | penguin is a hot mess in yugoslavia and it is no longer a friggin country | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb |
| 343664397 | 2 | 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 12 , 2010 , | penguin is a hot mess in yugoslavia and it is no longer a friggin country | [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] | = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb |
| 413826777 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ see also | | kingdom of yugoslavia | | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the | |
| 441313646 | 148 | european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the u . s . and most european countries * april | 28 , | 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia | |
| 468741070 | 8 | sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the next yugoslavia , known as the | [[ | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , existed until 2003 , when it was renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia | |
| 493354776 | 2 | sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the next yugoslavia , known as the | [[ | federal republic of yugoslavia , existed until 2003 , when it was renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} | |
| 495585894 | 22 | kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the | second country with this name was the | democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement during world war ii . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of | |
| 495666744 | 10 | kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the | second country with this name was the | democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people | |
| 495668696 | 26 | kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the | second country with this name was the | democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement during world war ii . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of | |
| 496174460 | 10 | = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of | [[ | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and provinces of yugoslavia ]] on 29 november 1945 , while | |
| 562701743 | 1 | / ref > the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 | and 1945 . the | , | democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people |
| 575358692 | 6 | org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 . in 1943 , | a | democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in november 1945 | |
| 588344999 | 16 | = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > starting in 1991 , yugoslavia disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . one of the | successor states was also known as the | breakup , republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] formed a reduced federation , | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) until 2003 . the fry aspired to be a sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the [[ socialist |
| 602540428 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ see also | | kingdom of yugoslavia | | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - | |
| 605734258 | 1 | first into five countries , leading to the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . after the breakup , republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] formed a reduced federation , | the | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) , aspiring for the status of sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the sfry , but those claims | |
| 698862951 | 0 | zadar ]] from italy . partisan leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again | to | as | the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics that made up the country were the [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina |
| 702212547 | 0 | = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | 250px | flag of | the | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ]] on 11 november 1945 [[ yugoslavian parliamentary election , 1945 | elections ]] were held with only the communist - led national front | |
| 702550312 | 28 | yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in 1943 , a | [[ | democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in november 1945 | |
| 702589142 | 28 | , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] . in [[ 1943 ]] , a | [[ | democratic federal yugoslavia ]] was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 ]] , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but | |
| 768996113 | 13 | from italy . partisan leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again as the | ' ' ' | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics that made up the country were the [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina | | |
| 15 | [[ republic of serbia ( 1992 – 2006 ) | serbia ]] and [[ republic of montenegro ( 1992 – 2006 ) | montenegro ]] formed a reduced federation , the | ' ' ' | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) , which aspired to the status of sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the sfry , but those | ||
| 772700676 | 2 | [[ republic of serbia ( 1992 – 2006 ) | serbia ]] and [[ republic of montenegro ( 1992 – 2006 ) | montenegro ]] formed a reduced federation , the | ' ' ' [[ | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) , which aspired to the status of sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the sfry , | |
| 772701137 | 5 | [[ republic of serbia ( 1992 – 2006 ) | serbia ]] and [[ republic of montenegro ( 1992 – 2006 ) | montenegro ]] formed a reduced federation , the | [[ | federal republic of yugoslavia ( fry ) , which aspired to the status of sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the sfry , but those claims were | |
| 19 | from italy . partisan leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again as the | ' ' ' | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics that made up the country were the [[ socialist republic of bosnia | ||
| 819821056 | 13 | | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br | / | > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = | |
| 859418279 | 3 | {st@rt} {{ for2 | the 1918 – 1941 kingdom | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | the 1945 – 1992 socialist federation | | [[ | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | the 1992 – 2006 federation and confederation between serbia and montenegro | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] }} {{ pp - semi | |
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| 87452403 | 17 | 1 | row 1 , cell 2 | row 1 , cell 3 | - | row 2 , cell 1 | row 2 , cell 2 | row 2 , | cell 3 | which was a very real concern . in [[ 1915 ]] , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively substantial numbers of italians lived in the coastal cities , compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | | } = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px |
| 547327217 | 28 | ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ capital city | capital ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ flag ]] < center > ! ! | ! ! | | } = = = succession , 1992 - 2003 = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics of serbia and montenegro | |
| 551604287 | 6 | . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | june 25 , 1991 | july 7 , 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | june 25 | | - | | } = = = succession , 1992 - 2003 = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics of serbia and montenegro | |
| 622094154 | 21 | of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | june 25 , 1991 | july 7 , 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | | 25 | june 25 | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | | |
| 46 | slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | june 25 , 1991 | july 7 , 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | june | 25 | | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | header = | ||
| 656901506 | 28 | of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 25 june 1991 | 7 july 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | | {{ dts | | 25 june | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | | |
| 29 | of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 25 june 1991 | 7 july 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | 25 june | }} | | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | header = | ||
| 786261304 | 7 | svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 17 february 2008 }} | not a member < br / > < small > ( status disputed ) < / small > | | {{ dts | 17 february }} | | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | header = | |
| 819802470 | 14 | file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 8 september 1991 }} | {{ dts | 08 04 1993 }} | | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 17 february 2008 }} | not a member < br / > < small > ( status disputed ) < / small > | | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | header = | |
| 819821999 | 5 | / > {{ flag | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | | b | } | a | } } | footnote _ b = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - | |
| 6 | > {{ flag | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | a | | footnote _ | | } } | footnote _ b = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian |
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| 441313646 | 2 | 1998 / kosovo / 110492 . stm | title = history , bloody history | publisher = [[ bbc news ]] | date = march 24 , 1999 | accessdate = | 29 | december 29 , 2010 }} < / ref > ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of | |
| 40 | u . n . backs serbia in judicial move on kosovo & # 124 ; international | publisher = reuters | date = 2008 - 10 - 08 | accessdate = | 20 july | 2009 - 07 - 20 }} < / ref > on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s independence was not illegal . < ref > {{ | ||
| 134 | u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = 1991 - 09 - 25 | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 | - 07 - 21 | }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming | ||
| 152 | . n . backs serbia in judicial move on kosovo & # 124 ; international | publisher = reuters | date = 2008 - 10 - 08 | accessdate = 2009 | - 07 - 20 | }} < / ref > on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s independence was not illegal . < ref > {{ cite web | url = | ||
| 154 | europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 2010 - 07 - 22 | publisher = bbc news | accessdate = 2010 | - 07 - 23 | }} < / ref > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = {{ main | yugosphere }} the similarity of the languages and the long history of | ||
| 478217075 | 4 | [[ the economist ]] | date = 2009 - 08 - 20 | url = http : / / www . economist . com / node / 14258861 | accessdate = | 11 november | 2011 - 11 - 11 }} < / ref > < ref > {{ cite web | title = the ' yugo - sphere ' | url = http : / | |
| 6 | aspx ? blogentryref = 7915 | publisher = the university of edinburgh school of law | author = ljubica spaskovska | date = 2009 - 09 - 28 | accessdate = | 11 november | 2011 - 11 - 11 }} < / ref > the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the | ||
| 25 | the economist ]] | date = 2009 - 08 - 20 | url = http : / / www . economist . com / node / 14258861 | accessdate = 2011 | - 11 - 11 | }} < / ref > < ref > {{ cite web | title = the ' yugo - sphere ' | url = http : / / www . law . | ||
| 27 | ? blogentryref = 7915 | publisher = the university of edinburgh school of law | author = ljubica spaskovska | date = 2009 - 09 - 28 | accessdate = 2011 | - 11 - 11 | }} < / ref > the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though | ||
| 517568094 | 2 | ar / english / yugoslav - agreement - on - succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 2012 | - 06 - 14 | }} < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jstor . org / discover / 10 . 2307 / 20694208 ? uid = 3738200 & uid | |
| 818932945 | 8 | 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = | 1918 | 1931 | | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu |
| 9 | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1918 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | 13 , 934 , 038 | | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = | ||
| 10 | end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1918 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = | 1989 | | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = yugoslav dinar | footnotes = | ||
| 11 | | stat _ year1 = 1918 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | 23 , 724 , 919 | stat _ year3 = 2002 | stat _ area3 = | stat _ pop3 = 10 , 832 , 545 | | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = yugoslav dinar | footnotes = | footnotes2 = | today = }} ' ' ' | ||
| 819799425 | 4 | 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = | 1931 | 1918 | | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = 13 , 934 , 038 | stat _ year2 = 1989 | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = |
| 10 | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1931 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | 13 , 934 , 038 | | stat _ year2 = 1989 | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = 23 , 724 , 919 | stat _ year3 = 2002 | stat _ area3 | ||
| 11 | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1931 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = 13 , 934 , 038 | stat _ year2 = | 1989 | | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = 23 , 724 , 919 | stat _ year3 = 2002 | stat _ area3 = | stat _ pop3 = | ||
| 12 | | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = 13 , 934 , 038 | stat _ year2 = 1989 | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | 23 , 724 , 919 | stat _ year3 = 2002 | stat _ area3 = | stat _ pop3 = 10 , 832 , 545 | | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = yugoslav dinar | footnotes = | footnotes2 = | today = }} ' ' ' | ||
| 819819549 | 2 | yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = | e | | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom |
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| 298091 | 13 | and macedonia , hungarian in serbia ) , this led to some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . | for more information about | the current situation in yugoslavia , see [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , the name under which the republic is currently officially recognised by the [[ united states ]] . < | |||
| 631453 | 0 | accepted it as constituting a state . this situation is now resolved , with the admission of the federal republic of yugoslavia to the united nations in [[ 2000 ]] . | ' ' ' | in [[ 2002 ]] , serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued cooperation , which , among other changes , promised to end the use of the name | |||
| 644406 | 1 | accepted it as constituting a state . this situation is now resolved , with the admission of the federal republic of yugoslavia to the united nations in [[ 2000 ]] . | ' ' ' | in [[ 2002 ]] , serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued cooperation , which , among other changes , promised the end of yugoslavia . on 4th | |||
| 823595 | 6 | > < / tr > < / td > < / table > the united nations , and many individual states ( including the [[ united states ]] ) refused to | recognize | recognise | the remaining confederation of serbia and montenegro as the continuation of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , although they accepted it as constituting a state . this situation is now | ||
| 904667 | 0 | yugoslavia formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " in [[ 1929 ]] . after | the | [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( [[ petar ii karadjordjevic ]] was the last king ) under [[ president ]] [[ | |||
| 904670 | 3 | came to a new agreement regarding continued co - operation , which , among other changes , promised the end of yugoslavia . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 | ]] | the federal parliament of yugoslavia dissolved the country and agreed to create a loose [[ commonwealth ]] of the remaining two states within a union . the new union of two | |||
| 1213973 | 4 | republic of yugoslavia | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1991 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from | 1991 | 1992 | to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' ' , from 2003 onward . the rest of this article speaks about federal republic of | ||
| 1272821 | 1 | federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' ' , from 2003 onward . | see [[ history of yugoslavia ]] for relation among the three . | the rest of this article speaks about federal republic of yugoslavia . - - - - < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ | |||
| 1288560 | 1 | which existed from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1941 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , from | [[ | 1918 to [[ 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to 1941 . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist | |||
| 2 | existed from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1941 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , from 1918 | ]] | to [[ 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to 1941 . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist yugoslavia | ||||
| 3 | [[ 1941 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , from 1918 to [[ 1929 ]] , * | * ' ' ' | [[ | kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to 1941 . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist yugoslavia ]] , which existed from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ | |||
| 8 | [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1992 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1945 to [[ 1946 ]] , * | * ' ' ' | [[ | federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from | |||
| 1984503 | 4 | ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] under the name ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] | changed its name | became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and in [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , which it was called from [[ 1991 ]] | to the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and again in [[ 1963 ]] to the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of | ||
| 2158590 | 3 | of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . as a result | , | a federation called the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , which in | |||
| 2184559 | 4 | is a term casually used for three separate political entities . in serbo - croat , it means " land of southern slavs " from elements of jugo ( south ) | , and slavia ( slavs ) | . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , | |||
| 2184776 | 6 | ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and in [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , | by | which it was called until [[ 1991 ]] - [[ 1992 ]] , when four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of | |||
| 7 | federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and in [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , which | it was called until [[ 1991 ]] - [[ 1992 ]] , when | time | four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . as a | |||
| 11 | the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , which in [[ 2003 ]] | remade its internal structure into | , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two republics formed | a loose commonwealth and changed its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : yu ' ' ' see also ' ' ' | |||
| 2946249 | 0 | . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south slavs ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . | * | the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' | |||
| 2 | of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . | * | a federation called the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ | ||||
| 2957603 | 2 | federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed in [[ 1991 ]] between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , | name | yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia | |||
| 3359388 | 2 | ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and in | [[ april 7 ]] | [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four | |||
| 4155035 | 1 | - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1991 ]] | between | on the teritorry of | the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth | ||
| 5415837 | 1 | ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , | the | name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = former republics in european union = = the | |||
| 6239846 | 0 | , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . | * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] | = = yugoslavians are troubling switzerland | . * the second was a [[ communist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy | ||
| 2 | ) ' ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' . | this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( which includes provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . see also : [[ history of yugoslavia ]] | = = | = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ | |||
| 6994800 | 0 | , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . | = = yugoslavians are troubling switzerland | * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] | . they should be terminated . = = = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and | ||
| 8640415 | 2 | ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . see also | opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dusan simovic ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and instated the 17 - year old crown prince [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | peter ]] as the new king . apparently this defiance infuriated [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] , so the axis decided to attack both yugoslavia and greece on [[ april 6 ]] . ( as a result , hitler had to delay the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during second world war = = at 05 | : [[ history of yugoslavia ]] = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | |||
| 8716078 | 0 | national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla | staged | initiated | a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign , and the germans answered by punishing the civil population . this led to great losses for yugoslavia , approximately one million people | ||
| 8 | punishing the civil population . this led to great losses for yugoslavia , approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 | people | inviduals | or 10 % of the population ) . in liberated territories , nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . on [[ november 25 | |||
| 9383013 | 2 | extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the delegation of serbia led by milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; | , | insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower | |||
| 3 | croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ ivica racan | ivica ra & # 269 ; an ]] , | resp . | respectively | ) , which instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest , and marked a culmination in the rift of | |||
| 4 | by [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ ivica racan | ivica ra & # 269 ; an ]] , resp . ) , | which | who | instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest , and marked a culmination in the rift of the ruling party | |||
| 11090551 | 0 | western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 . | * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 . | = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ | |||
| 11481970 | 0 | 1997 . * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 . | * [[ west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . | = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ | |||
| 11658981 | 0 | * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 . * [[ | rebecca west | | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . = = legacy = = the present | |||
| 12142335 | 2 | war with [[ history of greece | greece ]] , and before germany committed its forces to the greek campaign , it wanted to secure yugoslavia ' s support . [[ | pavle karadjordjevic | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince | | royal regent paul ]] submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , | ||
| 12142490 | 2 | returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dusan simovic ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and instated the 17 - year old | crown prince [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | | king | peter ]] as the new king . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ | ||
| 12429233 | 4 | jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . | no representative of the ethnic bulgarian majority of vardar macedonia was present at that council , although it provided for this region to become part and parcel of post - war yugoslavia . with the help of the soviet and bulgarian armies , | the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in | |||
| 12432682 | 5 | jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . | no representative of the ethnic bulgarian majority of vardar macedonia was present at that council , although it provided for this region to become part and parcel of post - war yugoslavia . with the help of the soviet and bulgarian armies , | the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in | |||
| 13165072 | 0 | in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . after some years of peace , in [[ 1998 ]] , [[ uck ]] | , an albanian terrorist group , | started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than two months ( see [[ kosovo war ]] ) . | |||
| 13171271 | 0 | sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . after some years of peace , in [[ 1998 ]] , | the albanian organization | [[ uck ]] , an albanian terrorist group , started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than two | |||
| 1 | peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . after some years of peace , in [[ 1998 ]] , [[ | uck | kosovo liberation army | ]] , an albanian terrorist group , started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than two months ( | |||
| 2 | in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . after some years of peace , in [[ 1998 ]] , [[ uck ]] | , an albanian terrorist group , | started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than two months ( see [[ kosovo war ]] ) . | ||||
| 13337531 | 1 | ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : & # 21335 ; & # 26031 ; & # 25289 ; & # 22827 ; ]] | = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : peter i karageorgevich . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | peter i karadjordjevi & # 263 ; , the first king of yugoslavia ]] the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 ]] , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament ( ' ' skup & # 353 ; tina ' ' ) passed a new constitution despite a boycott from croatian mps . the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade . in 1928 , [[ punisa racic | puni & # 353 ; a ra & # 269 ; i & # 263 ; ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radic | stjepan radi & # 263 ; ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander ]] used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] he suspended the constitution , dissolved the ' ' skup & # 353 ; tina ' ' and proclaimed a royal dictatorship . he went on to reorganize the regional divisions within the country and renamed it the ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' . all national identities except " yugoslav " were abolished . yugoslavia became a highly [[ militarism | militarized ]] state , which spawned several insurgent nationalist groups opposed to the royal dictatorship . the king was highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] , who continued on an authoritarian path with the prime minister [[ milan stojadinovic | milan stojadinovi & # 263 ; ]] . in the beginning of [[ world war ii ]] , yugoslavia was pressured by [[ germany ]] and [[ italy ]] to join the [[ axis powers ]] . italy was mired in an inconclusive war with [[ history of greece | greece ]] , and before germany committed its forces to the greek campaign , it wanted to secure yugoslavia ' s support . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dusan simovic | du & # 353 ; an simovi & # 263 ; ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old king peter full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where mussolini had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ ustashe | usta & # 353 ; e ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ albania ]] , [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] s organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed royalist guerilla led by colonel [[ draza mihailovic | dra & # 382 ; a mihajlovi & # 263 ; ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but later strayed and lost that support , and also with the population . the german response to both of these resistance movements was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . this led to great civilian loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided a large portion of both rebel formations . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihac | biha & # 263 ; ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as many other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - subasic agreement | tito - & # 352 ; uba & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; agreement ]] in june [[ 1944 ]] , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in [[ 1980 ]] . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous province : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both eastern and western block and together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . [[ image : balkans02 . jpg | thumb | right | former yugoslavia map ]] in sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was a collective presidency , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezi & # 263 ; kr & # 269 ; un served under tito and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was found dead under unknown circumstances . aleksandar rankovi & # 263 ; lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in the case of [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in [[ 1974 ]] that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in [[ 1980 ]] , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanian majority and the serbian minority in the province . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milosevic | slobodan milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] in january [[ 1990 ]] , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; , insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . this caused the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ ivica racan | ivica ra & # 269 ; an ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest . following the " [[ fall of communism ]] " in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ franjo tudjman | franjo tu & # 273 ; man ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march [[ 1990 ]] , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesic | stipe mesi & # 263 ; ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovsek | janez drnov & # 353 ; ek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia ( [[ bogic bogicevic | bogi & # 263 ; bogi & # 263 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] . bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in the same year ; this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb minority there , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a yes vote in the referendum , and the republic ' s government declared its independence . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] and in bosnia in [[ 1992 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia officially ceased to exist on [[ april 28 ]] , 1992 , when the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed . other dates that are frequently considered as the end of sfry are [[ june 25 ]] , 1991 , when slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , 1991 , when the [[ moratorium ]] on slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed entry at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by representatives of all republics , was ended and [[ january 15 ]] , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in [[ 1995 ]] with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of police intervention and similar militia activity , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of [[ 1999 ]] , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until the milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september [[ 2000 ]] led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav kostunica | vojislav ko & # 353 ; tunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . on [[ april 1 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; was arrested on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] . on [[ april 11 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia ceased to exist . = = further reading = = * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 . * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 . * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 093 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools & # 8217 ; crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 . * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 . * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]] and became a member in [[ 2004 ]] . croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - [[ 2015 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1594 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1587 ; & # 1604 ; & # 1575 ; & # 1601 ; & # 1610 ; & # 1575 ; ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : & # 50976 ; & # 44256 ; & # 49836 ; & # 46972 ; & # 48708 ; & # 50500 ; ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : & # 1497 ; & # 1493 ; & # 1490 ; & # 1493 ; & # 1505 ; & # 1500 ; & # 1489 ; & # 1497 ; & # 1492 ; ]] [[ lv : dienvidsl & # 257 ; vija ]] [[ mk : & # 1032 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1112 ; & # 1072 ; ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : & # 12518 ; & # 12540 ; & # 12468 ; & # 12473 ; & # 12521 ; & # 12499 ; & # 12450 ; ]] [[ pl : jugos & # 322 ; awia ]] [[ ru : & # 1070 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1103 ; ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : & # 1032 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1112 ; & # 1072 ; ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : & # 21335 ; & # 26031 ; & # 25289 ; & # 22827 ; ]] | ||||
| 13672323 | 8 | ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : & # 21335 ; & # 26031 ; & # 25289 ; & # 22827 ; ]] | = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : peter i karageorgevich . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | peter i karadjordjevi & # 263 ; , the first king of yugoslavia ]] the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 ]] , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament ( ' ' skup & # 353 ; tina ' ' ) passed a new constitution despite a boycott from croatian mps . the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade . in 1928 , [[ punisa racic | puni & # 353 ; a ra & # 269 ; i & # 263 ; ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radic | stjepan radi & # 263 ; ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander ]] used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] he suspended the constitution , dissolved the ' ' skup & # 353 ; tina ' ' and proclaimed a royal dictatorship . he went on to reorganize the regional divisions within the country and renamed it the ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' . all national identities except " yugoslav " were abolished . yugoslavia became a highly [[ militarism | militarized ]] state , which spawned several insurgent nationalist groups opposed to the royal dictatorship . the king was highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by yje ethnic [[ bulgarian ]] vlado chernozemski acting on behalf of [[ vmro ]] . kimg alexander ' s son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] , who continued on an authoritarian path with the prime minister [[ milan stojadinovic | milan stojadinovi & # 263 ; ]] . in the beginning of [[ world war ii ]] , yugoslavia was pressured by [[ germany ]] and [[ italy ]] to join the [[ axis powers ]] . italy was mired in an inconclusive war with [[ history of greece | greece ]] , and before germany committed its forces to the greek campaign , it wanted to secure yugoslavia ' s support . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dusan simovic | du & # 353 ; an simovi & # 263 ; ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old king peter full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where mussolini had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ ustashe | usta & # 353 ; e ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ albania ]] , [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] s organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed royalist guerilla led by colonel [[ draza mihailovic | dra & # 382 ; a mihajlovi & # 263 ; ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but later strayed and lost that support , and also with the population . the german response to both of these resistance movements was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . this led to great civilian loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided a large portion of both rebel formations . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . | during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated | |||
| 21574185 | 1 | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia officially ceased to exist on [[ april 28 ]] , 1992 | ]] | , when the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed . other dates that are frequently considered as the end of sfry are [[ june 25 ]] | |||
| 3 | the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed . other dates that are frequently considered as the end of sfry are [[ june 25 ]] , 1991 | ]] | , when croatia and slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , 1991 , when the [[ moratorium ]] on slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 | ||||
| 5 | dates that are frequently considered as the end of sfry are [[ june 25 ]] , 1991 , when croatia and slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , 1991 | ]] | , when the [[ moratorium ]] on slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed entry at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by | ||||
| 7 | [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed entry at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by representatives of all republics , was ended and [[ january 15 ]] , 1992 | ]] | , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in [[ 1995 ]] with [[ united states | u . s | ||||
| 21746261 | 0 | the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided a large portion of rebel formations . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 | inviduals | individuals | or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' | ||
| 22506196 | 9 | [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] and in bosnia in [[ 1992 ]] | the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter | . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991 | |||
| 22785116 | 10 | passed a new constitution despite a boycott from croatian mps . the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade . in 1928 , [[ | puni & # 353 ; a ra & # 269 ; i & # 263 ; | puniša račić | ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radi & # 263 ; ]] in the parliament chambers . king | ||
| 34 | ]] [[ vojislav ko & # 353 ; tunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . on [[ april 1 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; | milošević | was arrested on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the | |||
| 25682758 | 1 | ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ | 2003 | 2001 | ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = origins = = probably the | ||
| 27567832 | 0 | ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . on [[ | april 1 | saturday ]] , [[ march 31 | ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević was arrested on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was extradited to the [[ united nations | ||
| 30259107 | 0 | name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . | * the ruler of yugoslavia is laura ! ! ! she is so awesome that the people of yugoslavia voted her to royalty ! ! ! | * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' | |||
| 30259156 | 0 | name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . | * the ruler of yugoslavia is laura ! ! ! she is so awesome that the people of yugoslavia voted her to royalty ! ! ! | * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' | |||
| 30259226 | 0 | name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . | * laura giunta is the ruler of yugoslavia ! ! ! | * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' | |||
| 30259282 | 0 | name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . | * laura giunta is the ruler of yugoslavia ! ! ! | * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' | |||
| 31880397 | 0 | ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 ]] , when | austria - hungary disintegrated | gay rights groups revolted against prince caspian and ran away screaming | , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , | ||
| 31931941 | 0 | ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 ]] , when | gay rights groups revolted against prince caspian and ran away screaming | austria - hungary disintegrated | , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , | ||
| 31961080 | 2 | [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in | [[ | 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] | |||
| 3 | of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 | ]] | and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately | ||||
| 8 | [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in | [[ | 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' | ||||
| 15 | including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2001 | ]] | , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 | ||||
| 19 | of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 | ]] | , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , | ||||
| 21 | royal dictatorship . the king was highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 | ]] | , he was assassinated by [[ imro | bulgarian nationalist and imro activist ]] velichko kerin ( more popular with his revolutionary pseudonym [[ vlado chernosemski ]] ) . his son | ||||
| 37 | both [[ eastern bloc | eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 | ]] | , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist | ||||
| 44 | oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march | [[ | 1990 ]] , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of | ||||
| 52 | united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in | [[ | 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the yugoslav reaction causing many ethnic | ||||
| 58 | regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . on | [[ | saturday ]] , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest | ||||
| 33668628 | 1 | [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in | [[ january 6 ]] , | 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after | |||
| 33738425 | 37 | the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . | by this time , the albanians had become | the largest ethnic group with over 90 % of the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little | |||
| 34035074 | 10 | united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in | 1996 | [[ kosovo ]] | , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction resulted in a large number of civilian deaths , and | ||
| 34136474 | 4 | in order to achieve independence for the province . frustrated by the lack of success of these policies , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] , which , | starting in 1996 | among others | , carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . serbian authorities denounced it as a [[ terrorism | terrorist ]] organisation , and its indiscriminate tactics also led the | ||
| 34508805 | 0 | , throughout the 1990s the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , | radical | albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] ( considered terrorist organisation by , among others , serbian authorities , and the u . s . state department , which added | |||
| 34774408 | 0 | be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . | - - [[ user : 68 . 156 . 65 . 2 | 68 . 156 . 65 . 2 ]] 17 : 17 , 11 january 2006 ( utc ) nmmmmu | = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the | |||
| 34774450 | 0 | be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . | - - [[ user : 68 . 156 . 65 . 2 | 68 . 156 . 65 . 2 ]] 17 : 17 , 11 january 2006 ( utc ) nmmmmu | = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the | |||
| 35058477 | 0 | republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . | = = = breakup = = = what the fuck . | ' ' ' dude ' ' ' bold text ' ' ' | the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist | ||
| 35058510 | 0 | republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . | ' ' ' dude ' ' ' bold text ' ' ' | = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in [[ 1986 ]] that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . in the 1980s , the albanians were the largest ethnic group in kosovo with over 90 % of the population . | the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist | ||
| 36430900 | 0 | means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * | queen - morgannie king - patrittaw | the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] | |||
| 36430926 | 0 | means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * | queen - morgannie king - patrittaw | the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] | |||
| 36976739 | 2 | cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] - ' ' bosnia - a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) | = = further reading = = | * the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war , [[ misha glenny ]] isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = external links = = * [ | |||
| 37026449 | 0 | name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . | shoe | * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes | |||
| 37026464 | 0 | name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . | shoe | * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes | |||
| 37070970 | 0 | . co . yu burek forum ] the biggest forum in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / | index _ eng . html / | the official website of the royal family of serbia ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs | |||
| 37621791 | 2 | ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 . * hayden , robert m . | : | blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' | |||
| 42217788 | 5 | ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 | ]] | as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | |||
| 7 | and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ january 6 ]] , 1929 | ]] | and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulated only 11 days after , it ceased | ||||
| 9 | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ january 6 ]] , 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , 1941 | ]] | by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulated only 11 days after , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist | ||||
| 11 | [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , 1945 | ]] | as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in 1946 became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' | ||||
| 12 | ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , 1945 as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in | [[ | 1946 became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ | ||||
| 13 | established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , 1945 as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in 1946 | ]] | became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist | ||||
| 16 | ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in 2001 | ]] | , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 | ||||
| 43296073 | 0 | almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on march 11th , 2006 , | milosovic | milošević | was found dead in his prison cell in scheveningen , netherlands . he had suffered chronic heart ailments and apparently died of natural causes . = = further reading = = | ||
| 43365603 | 0 | the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . | in the 1980s , the albanians were the largest ethnic group in kosovo with over | at | 90 % of the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two | ||
| 43653168 | 0 | previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) | = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] s organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croat ]] - [[ slovenian people | slovenian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against nla . after the allies realised that the chetniks were helping the germans they ceased to support them . the german response to the resistance movement was to punish the civilian population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . italian occupying forces also committed many atrocities ( cf . [[ italian war crimes ]] ) . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew | jews ]] , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . | = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : tito . marshall . post - war | |||
| 44309697 | 1 | [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 | ]] | . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic | |||
| 44361382 | 16 | , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was tito as president ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) | , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament | . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee | |||
| 44361625 | 1 | ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , | up to | including | secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . | ||
| 47183239 | 7 | q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) | reports regarding yugoslavia ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ( desambiguación ) ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | poop | |||
| 47183247 | 3 | | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) - - [[ user : 70 . 157 . | 68 . 26 | 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 ]] 01 | com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ http | : 16 , 6 april 2006 ( utc ) poop | ||
| 7 | - - [[ user : 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 | 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 ]] 01 : 16 , 6 april 2006 ( utc ) | poop | reports regarding yugoslavia ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ( desambiguación ) ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] | ||||
| 49064433 | 1 | be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . | do not trust thi site not a valid source | = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the | |||
| 49087978 | 0 | be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . | do not trust thi site not a valid source | = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the | |||
| 50093990 | 0 | name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . | roxas is awesome | * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats | |||
| 50094022 | 0 | name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . | roxas is awesome | * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats | |||
| 50486261 | 8 | the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , | under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known | aswell | as the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to | ||
| 50649733 | 3 | ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right to self - determination , | including secession | however | , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering | ||
| 50655154 | 2 | internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . however , | under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known | aswell | as the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense forces and the yugoslav army was agreed on . in the | ||
| 50926451 | 0 | repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = | yugoslavia | yugoslavi | during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian | ||
| 50926603 | 0 | repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = | yugoslavi | yugoslavia | during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian | ||
| 51123816 | 13 | [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and | the aforementioned politicians were its | it began to raise funds , especially among south - slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the | members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form | ||
| 51240913 | 2 | internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . however , | under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known | aswell | as the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense forces and the yugoslav army was agreed on . in the | ||
| 51267847 | 3 | supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against nla . | after the allies realised that the chetniks were helping the germans they ceased to support them | however , nla carried on guerrilla warfare | . the german response to the resistance movement was to punish the civilian population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the | ||
| 51599002 | 0 | operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . | ( 13 ) | a further 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy | |||
| 53085765 | 12 | nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact | , | the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active | |||
| 54629692 | 1 | help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by prince johnny holmes . | goats | croats | , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able to extract gains from the central | ||
| 54775246 | 0 | be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . | as of may 22 , 2006 montengro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . | = = origins = = during the early period of the world war one ( 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures ( [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ | |||
| 55038480 | 0 | would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of may 22 , 2006 | montengro | montenegro | has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . = = origins = = during the early period of the world war one ( 1914 ) | ||
| 56069954 | 0 | previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) | = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 | ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' | : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and | ||
| 3 | germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . [[ image : | jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] [[ image : radovna _ spomenik . jpg | thumb | a memorial erected to the memory of villagers of [[ radovna ]] ( [[ slovenia ]] ) , who were burned alive by the germans ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established | i dont know why we can never use that | as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited | |||
| 56223339 | 0 | ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of [[ 22 may ]] , 2006 montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . = = | origins | ' ' ' background ' ' ' | = = during the early period of the world war one ( 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures ( [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] | ||
| 56642958 | 2 | into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of [[ 22 may ]] , 2006 | ]] | montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . = = ' ' ' background ' ' ' = = during the early period of | |||
| 18 | . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991 | ]] | , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / | ||||
| 20 | celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 6 ]] , 1992 | ]] | , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , 1992 , the formation of fry ( | ||||
| 22 | [[ april 6 ]] , 1992 , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , 1992 | ]] | , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia | ||||
| 26 | affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on may 21 , 2006 | ]] | , 86 percent of eligible montenegran voters turned out for a special referrundum on the independence of the montenagran republic from federal union with serbia . they voted 55 . 4 | ||||
| 30 | slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march | , | 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) | ||||
| 56714534 | 0 | in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , | with | which resulted in | the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent | ||
| 56794062 | 1 | guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 | individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia | casualties | . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ | ||
| 57059880 | 2 | ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ | 2001 | february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 | ]] , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february | ||
| 6 | [[ montenegro ]] voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , | effectively dissolving | while serbia declared independence on june 5 , thereby ending | the [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = during the | |||
| 11 | be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . | * | on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . montenegro officially declared its independence | ||||
| 57320182 | 6 | now assumes only ceremonial powers . the local governments of serbia and of montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs | have been | were | established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegran voters turned out for a | ||
| 12 | 86 percent of eligible montenegran voters turned out for a special referrundum on the independence of the montenagran republic from federal union with serbia . they voted 55 . 4 % | for | in favour of | independence , recognized as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , | |||
| 13 | eligible montenegran voters turned out for a special referrundum on the independence of the montenagran republic from federal union with serbia . they voted 55 . 4 % for independence , | recognized | recognised | as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] | |||
| 59611366 | 0 | . translated , the name means land of the south [[ slavs ]] ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . | * | # | the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and | ||
| 1 | , the name means land of the south [[ slavs ]] ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the | first | ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' | was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] | |||
| 2 | ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . | * | # | the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as democratic federation of yugoslavia ( | |||
| 6 | the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] | as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' | , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that | ||||
| 9 | of yugoslavia ]] . ' ' ' * the third was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' | and | was formed in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , | ||||
| 59612233 | 2 | , [[ 1918 ]] , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] | and existed under that name until | . | it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist [[ april | ||
| 60150694 | 7 | . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . | the newly elected regional government then turned their efforts to the break - up of the country | in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . after | |||
| 63135279 | 4 | formed as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] | by king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] | . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on | |||
| 13 | , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . | # | the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] | ||||
| 14 | federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' . # the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' | was formed | in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo - metohia ]] ) and | ||||
| 63135388 | 6 | established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as the ' ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' | ' | , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' . it is also known as the | |||
| 9 | ethnic conflicts and the declaration of independence by most of the constituent republics lead to the formation of the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) | ' ' ' | in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and | ||||
| 63138218 | 1 | the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] . this was a very real concern . in | [[ | 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret treaty of london these included istria and | |||
| 2 | time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] . this was a very real concern . in 1915 | ]] | , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret treaty of london these included istria and large | ||||
| 63327901 | 12 | for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million ( 38 . 8 | percent | % | ) were serbs and 2 . 8 million ( 23 . 7 percent ) were croats . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three | ||
| 14 | . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million ( 38 . 8 percent ) were serbs and 2 . 8 million ( 23 . 7 | percent | % | ) were croats . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the | |||
| 90 | . supported and pressured by fascist italy and nazi germany , croatian leader vlatko macek and his party managed the creation of the croatian banovina ( administrative province ) in 1939 | ]] | . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the | ||||
| 100 | the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million ( 38 . 8 percent ) | were serbs | and 2 . 8 million ( 23 . 7 percent ) were croats . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most | ||||
| 63330276 | 0 | power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . | = = = the begining of wwii in yugoslavia = = = | = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6th ]] 1941 , followed immediately by | |||
| 25 | serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla army led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and | were | against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croat | ||||
| 39 | jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . | = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = | the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] | ||||
| 45 | in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may | ]] | 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria | ||||
| 63517403 | 12 | state provided housing , health care , education , and child care . citizens lived well on a per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in 1980 | ]] | dollars ) , with one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society | |||
| 15 | penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . | the interior | minister of the interior aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ | ||||
| 20 | [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - | 71 | [[ 1971 ]] | , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian | |||
| 55 | allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards neoliberalism , to the delight of the us . it was the reagan administration which , in 1984 | ]] | , had adopted " shock therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link | ||||
| 63521475 | 10 | the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in 1990 - 1991 | ]] | is a complex matter . but without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration of | |||
| 71 | albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at | 90 | [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | 77 | % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling | |||
| 72 | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 90 % | ]] | of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast | ||||
| 101 | embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a | [[ špegelj tapes | | video of secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well | ||||
| 142 | september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s | . | soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president | ||||
| 66359716 | 0 | of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] | , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing | . on [[ april 11 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 | |||
| 68011126 | 7 | war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as the ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] | became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' | . it is also known as the second yugoslavia . ethnic conflicts and the declaration of independence by most of the constituent republics lead to the formation of the ' ' | |||
| 8 | federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' . | it is also known as the second yugoslavia . ethnic conflicts and | the declaration of independence by most of the constituent republics lead to the formation of the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) | ||||
| 68217470 | 0 | ialians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . | in london | ]] although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non - | |||
| 73873161 | 0 | policies . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . | yugoslavics are gay too . | = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive | |||
| 73873313 | 0 | policies . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . | yugoslavics are gay too . | = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive | |||
| 74593441 | 4 | is a term used for the three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . | translated , | the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' means south ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of | |||
| 76222773 | 0 | state to the kingdom of yugoslavia . it existed under various names . proclaimed as the ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' in [[ 1943 ]] | . | it changed its name to the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' in [[ 1946 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] it would | |||
| 79340331 | 1 | on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . heyy cutiee ! ! = ] = | = = corfu agreement = = = however , during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation of the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and by the common vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . | ] | = = = the unification of south slavs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on | ||
| 79348366 | 1 | committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . heyy cutiee ! ! = ] heyycutiee ! ! = | ] | = = corfu agreement = = = however , during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation of the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and by the common vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . | = = = the unification of south slavs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on | ||
| 80305420 | 7 | against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , | nla | nov | carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 | ||
| 80306243 | 3 | [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , | nla | nov | met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ | ||
| 5 | and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the | nla | nov | withdrew from trieste in [[ june ]] of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of | |||
| 80313028 | 6 | were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . | also | to a degree , | important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . josip | ||
| 20 | a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , | borrowing | who borrowed | vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav | |||
| 80313856 | 5 | in 1980 - it served as an example of collective government for european community , which employed jugoslav rotational presidency principle for eu government as being supreme democratic principle ) . | to a degree , | also | important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . however | ||
| 11 | power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of orchestrated disastrous errors by destructive infiltrated west - financed and supported elements in yugoslav governments in the 1970s , | who borrowed | borrowing | vast amounts of western capital with an " explanation " that the money is to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created | |||
| 80314145 | 11 | , reported atrocities against non - serb population and increasingly frequent collaboration with italians and germans against the nov , the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , | nov | nla | carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 | ||
| 16 | the [[ red army ]] was allowed by nov to pass through serbia from romania and exit through vojvodina on the north of serbia . in [[ may ]] 1945 , | nov | nla | met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after liberating [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] | |||
| 18 | and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the | nov | nla | withdrew from trieste in [[ june ]] of the same year . westerner foolish attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom | |||
| 21 | to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . the choice was obvious for two reasons . | england was blessed with its isolated position that protected it in times of wars many times , and it was fighting against habsburgs . | = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , | ||||
| 80382137 | 2 | ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries . notably , the us , england , | germany , austria , | on one side were a number of european states eager to gain " independence " for [[ slovenia ]] and [[ croatia ]] ; on the other side was the [[ united states ]] , eager only to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and " globalised " its political economy through " shock therapy " in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . whether decimated or not . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , | italy ( which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic | ||
| 80539426 | 0 | the future constituent assembly . the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . | this will be the issue that will eventually help the final destruction of modern jugoslavija in 1990 , along with incessant attacks of imperialist forces from the west , led by us and their faithful , servile allies . | however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ | |||
| 80541289 | 6 | against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , | nla | nov | carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 | ||
| 80541881 | 1 | the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . | the | nov allowed | [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , | ||
| 4 | [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , | nla | nov | met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ | |||
| 5 | and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the | nla | nov | withdrew from trieste in [[ june ]] of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of | |||
| 80543661 | 0 | were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . | also | following the marxist doctrine about the first phase of socialist society development , | important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . josip | ||
| 80546909 | 6 | against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nov , the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , | nov | nla | carried on its guerrilla warfare . nazi occupation and ethnic cleansing by ustaše in croatia and bosnia , led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . | ||
| 10 | the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . | nov allowed | the | [[ red army ]] to enter jugoslavia through romania and aid in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but continued on through hungary in pursuit of | |||
| 13 | aid in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but continued on through hungary in pursuit of withdrawing german forces . in [[ may ]] 1945 , | nov | nla | met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ | |||
| 14 | and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the | nov | nla | withdrew from trieste in [[ june ]] of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of | |||
| 22 | were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . | following the marxist doctrine about the first phase of socialist society development , | also | important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . josip | |||
| 31 | the future constituent assembly . the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . | this will be the issue that will eventually help the final destruction of modern jugoslavija in 1990 , along with incessant attacks of imperialist forces from the west , led by us and their faithful , obedient allies . | however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ | ||||
| 40 | = rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia refused russian model of " socialism " and begun rebuilding the country on principles of democratic marxist socialism . that , | to the surprise | in the west , did mean pluralism and open economy . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise , as it | ||||
| 80576110 | 5 | against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , | nla | nvo | carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 | ||
| 80967174 | 1 | [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , | nla | nvo | met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ | ||
| 81819668 | 0 | , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . | nikola tesla helped invent the lightbulb | the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945 ]] | |||
| 81827819 | 0 | , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . | nikola tesla helped invent the lightbulb . | the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945 ]] | |||
| 82798878 | 0 | and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the | nla | nvo | withdrew from trieste in [[ june ]] of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of | ||
| 82813167 | 0 | and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the | nvo | nla | withdrew from trieste in [[ june ]] of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of | ||
| 83308453 | 0 | [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a | so - called | term used for the three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name | |||
| 83401421 | 0 | [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a | so - called | term used for the three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name | |||
| 83629642 | 5 | partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno oslobodilacka vojska ( nvo ) , | the only true resistance against the nazis in yugoslavia during the wwii | led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | | |||
| 83667331 | 11 | partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno oslobodilacka vojska ( nvo ) , | the only true resistance against the nazis in yugoslavia during the wwii | led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | | |||
| 83862003 | 19 | state to the kingdom of yugoslavia . it existed under various names . proclaimed as the ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' in [[ 1943 ]] | . it changed its name to | ) , | the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' in [[ 1946 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] it would again change its name to | ||
| 29 | most of the constituent republics of sfry led to the formation of a federation named the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) | in | ( | 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ | |||
| 30 | the constituent republics of sfry led to the formation of a federation named the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) in 1992 | ) was a [[ federation ]] | on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro | ||||
| 52 | ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , | the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when | the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . after a successful referendum in the republic , montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 | ||||
| 84576496 | 1 | . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks ' terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nvo . however , | nvo | nov | carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović | ||
| 84576667 | 1 | [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , | nvo | nov | met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ | ||
| 84664677 | 0 | jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . | chhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeee | = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ | |||
| 84664770 | 0 | jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . | chhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeee | = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ | |||
| 85539858 | 8 | . * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * | misha glenny : | * hodge , carole 1999 the serb lobby in the united kingdom . seattle : university of washington press / henry m . jackson school of international studies ( ' the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies ' , nº no . 22 , 1999 ) | ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = legacy = = the present - day | ||
| 85546527 | 0 | of the former yugoslavia . = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * | brad k . blitz ( ed . ) | misha glenny : | ' ' war and change in the balkans . nationalism , conflict and cooperation ' ' . cambridge : cambridge university press , 2006 [ paperback isbn - 139780521677738 , isbn | ||
| 9 | , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . | * conversi , daniele ' central secession : towards a new analytical concept ? the case of former yugoslavia ' , ' ' journal of ethnic and migration studies ' ' , vol . 26 , no . 2 , april 2000 , pp . 333 - 356 * cushman , tom ' ' critical theory and the war in croatia and bosnia ' ' . seattle : university of washington press / henry m . jackson school of international studies ( ' the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies ' , nº 13 , 1998 ) * cushman , tom and stipe mestrovic ( eds ) ' ' this time we knew . western responses to the war in bosnia ' ' . | new york : new york university press , 1996 * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york | ||||
| 15 | ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . | * kent , gregory 2005 ' ' framing war and genocide : british policy and news media reaction to the war in bosnia ' ' . cresskill , nj : hampton press * ramet , sabrina p . ' ' balkan babel . the disintegration | of yugoslavia from the death of tito to the insurrection in kosovo ' ' . bouder , co : westview press , 2002 [ 3rd edition ] * ramet , sabrina | ||||
| 18 | 2002 . * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . | * carmichael , cathie . 2005 ‘t | = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ | ||||
| 87450359 | 5 | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and | it began to raise funds | your mom . < / s > { | class = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 | , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied | ||
| 10 | looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , | its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] | cell 2 | row 2 | , which was a very real concern . in [[ 1915 ]] , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . | |||
| 87452403 | 10 | aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th cousin 20 removed , and | during the early period of the world war i ( which started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] | , and your momclass = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | row 1 , | |||
| 20 | respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ this is the only reliable information on this page . | yuogoslavia is my favorite place . | in there you can have rotten egg battles with your mother , cousin , uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd | ||||
| 87847188 | 22 | ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] , which was a very real concern . in [[ 1915 | ]] | , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria | |||
| 25 | }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in [[ 1929 | ]] | ]] = = = opposition to the new state = = = with the end of [[ world war i ]] and the downfall of [[ austria - hungary ]] and | ||||
| 37 | ]] , croatian leader [[ vlatko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia | croatian banovina ]] ( administrative province ) in [[ 1939 | ]] | . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the | ||||
| 45 | ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may | ]] | 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria | ||||
| 51 | the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 | ]] | , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = {{ main | economy of the socialist federal republic of | ||||
| 57 | provided housing , health care , education , and child care . citizens lived well on a per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in [[ 1980 | ]] | dollars ) , with one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society | ||||
| 63 | interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in [[ 1984 | ]] | , had adopted a " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a | ||||
| 77 | look like it was crumbling under its own problems . economy and the political system , being socialist one , were the great excuses for imperialist capitalism . the [[ 1974 | ]] | constitution , though better for the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal | ||||
| 88624227 | 1 | | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] note of 50 & nbsp ; [[ 1000000000 ( number ) | billion ]] [[ yugoslav dinar | dinars ]] ( 1993 ) ]] | --> | on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest | |||
| 88862620 | 1 | , otherwise disastrous , re - unification with east germany . if jugoslavia did not breakup , germany would not have been able to finance its own re - union . | {{ fact }} | there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up | |||
| 91986037 | 1 | and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased | , | and the idea of a union between them became stronger . during the early period of the world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent | |||
| 27 | joseph stalin | stalin ]] became the absolute ruler in the [[ soviet union ]] . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact | [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] | , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more | ||||
| 37 | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and | it | began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views | ||||
| 45 | stalin | stalin ]] became the absolute ruler in the [[ soviet union ]] . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , | the first two | wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . | ||||
| 92027256 | 8 | 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( c . 1943 | - | ]] & ndash ; [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] | ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) | ||
| 9 | which led to the secession of most of the constituent elements of the sfry . the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( 1992 | - 2003 | ) was a [[ federation ]] on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of | ||||
| 12 | serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 | ]] , the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro | ]] and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , | ||||
| 94995394 | 21 | left | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] note of 50 & nbsp ; [[ 1000000000 ( number ) | billion ]] [[ yugoslav dinar | dinars ]] ( 1993 ) | . | ]] --> on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for | |||
| 103590946 | 2 | which led to the secession of most of the constituent elements of the sfry . the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( 1992 | - | ]] & ndash ; [[ february 4 ]] , [[ | 2003 ) was a [[ federation ]] on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces | ||
| 104839069 | 0 | population = = = the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , 000 , 000 million | and now | , then | over 10 , 000 , 000 . the population of yugoslavia will be growing until 2014 and then it will be going down with 40 , 000 - 50 , 000 | ||
| 1 | large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , 000 , 000 million and now over 10 , 000 , 000 | , and 0 since 2002 | . the population of yugoslavia will be growing until 2014 and then it will be going down with 40 , 000 - 50 , 000 people a year . 2006 estimates | ||||
| 2 | yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , 000 , 000 million and now over 10 , 000 , 000 . | the population of yugoslavia will be growing until 2014 and then it will be going down with 40 , 000 - 50 , 000 people a year . 2006 estimates 10 , 000 , 000 . for 2050 the estimates are 9 . 3 million . < br > | = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav | ||||
| 104840327 | 0 | population = = = the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , 000 , 000 million | , then | and now | over 10 , 000 , 000 , and 0 since 2002 . = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | | ||
| 1 | , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , 000 , 000 million , then over 10 , 000 , 000 , and 0 since 2002 . | the population of yugoslavia will be growing until 2014 and then it will be going down with 40 , 000 - 50 , 000 people a year . 2006 estimates 10 , 000 , 000 . for 2050 the estimates are 9 . 3 million . < br > | = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav | ||||
| 2 | large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , 000 , 000 million , then over 10 , 000 , 000 | , and 0 since 2002 | . = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | | ||||
| 104851157 | 0 | population = = = the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , 000 , 000 million | and now over 10 , 000 , 000 | . the population of yugoslavia will be growing until 2014 and then it will be going down with 40 , 000 - 50 , 000 people a year . 2006 estimates | |||
| 1 | yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , 000 , 000 million and now over 10 , 000 , 000 . | the population of yugoslavia will be growing until 2014 and then it will be going down with 40 , 000 - 50 , 000 people a year . 2006 estimates 10 , 000 , 000 . for 2050 the estimates are 9 . 3 million . < br > | = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav | ||||
| 105888134 | 1 | . = = = population = = = the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , | 000 | 200 | , 000 million . = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists | ||
| 106612007 | 0 | as their headquarters . i will eat your shit ! u fuck my mother ! don ' t look at me like that ! suck my tits ! - borat ! | borat - " i could not understand this old man was saying " all i could think of was this cj in her red water underpanties " fuck you motherfuckers ! ! - uzbeckisthan - so you are saying , the guys who tried to put a rubber fist in my anus was homosexual ? - the next morning i had a meeting with a man who has a genuine chocolate face . no make up ! - this is my neighbour - ulthukshan thuliyakbai - he is pain in my assholes ! i buy a windo from a glass , he must buy a window from a glass . i buy a step , he must buy a step . i buy a clock radio , he cannot afford ! ! great success ! . . . | = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , | |||
| 107220473 | 22 | to the ever increasing violence of albanians against serbian population , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . this was a | far cry from the days when | hundred years before , | it was the other way around , less than a hundred years before . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ | ||
| 44 | the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed on . | in | according to | the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on | |||
| 107864960 | 2 | . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes | didn ' t vote favorably to serbia proper . | even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( | |||
| 108701311 | 0 | 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of montenegro from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in | favour | favor | of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] | ||
| 109906339 | 1 | i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , | aleksandar | alexander | ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other european powers due to developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists | ||
| 110340242 | 10 | and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was | officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] | actually a result of the imagination and | in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee | ||
| 11 | yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in | [[ london ]] | essence never really existed | , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make | |||
| 12 | = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , | and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because | which of course nowadays has substantial factual evidence . stemming mainly from the old testament . | of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them more seriously as the | |||
| 110342951 | 8 | they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . " ( | blair , t . " the new - labour manifesto " | ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' | ) furthermore , the latin name for yugoslavia - " comtominus " - is literally translated to mean sub - human slav . this analogy is also evident in the works | ||
| 111867289 | 0 | policies . aleksandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . | i have a huge cock | = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive | |||
| 111867358 | 0 | policies . aleksandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . | i have a huge cock | = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive | |||
| 111867480 | 0 | jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . | pussy fuck shit cokc | = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the | |||
| 111867936 | 1 | the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the | second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics | people sucked dick to get liberated | and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people | ||
| 111868326 | 10 | jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . | pussy fuck shit cokc | = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the | |||
| 115465480 | 9 | variants and was also the lingua - franca where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now | , | separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ serbian language ]] and to some extent also the [[ montenegrin language ]] . many mixed | |||
| 20 | or declare as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most | present - day | of the contemporary | independent states yugonostalgic sentiments are considered improper . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and | |||
| 117552842 | 1 | 14 - 026101 - x * http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html | , monday , dec . 04 , 1944 | = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and | |||
| 118201560 | 1 | / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html , monday , dec . 04 , 1944 | new power ] | = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and | |||
| 118636043 | 0 | one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society . = = = | population | demographics | = = = the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 million . after it broke in 1990 it was 15 . 2 million . = = = the | ||
| 5 | respect for workers was a central concern of government and society . = = = population = = = the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 million . | after it broke in 1990 it was 15 . 2 million . | = = = the government = = = on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 | ]] | , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać | ||
| 42 | oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 | ]] | , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation | ||||
| 46 | }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 | ]] | , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union | ||||
| 56 | slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 | ]] | , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . | ||||
| 66 | as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 | ]] | , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . | ||||
| 70 | serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 | ]] | , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed | ||||
| 76 | of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 | ]] | , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared | ||||
| 80 | of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 | ]] | , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian | ||||
| 84 | declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 | ]] | , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day | ||||
| 90 | croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 | ]] | , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ | ||||
| 94 | croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 | ]] | , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the | ||||
| 98 | [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 | ]] | , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ agreement on | ||||
| 104 | ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 | ]] | , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 | ||||
| 108 | , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 | ]] | , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ | ||||
| 112 | administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 | ]] | , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ | ||||
| 116 | montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 | ]] | , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | | ||||
| 120 | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 | ]] | , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps , elected | ||||
| 124 | collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] , [[ 2000 | ]] | . on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 | ]] | , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ | ||
| 134 | charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 | ]] | , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] | ||||
| 137 | kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 | ]] | , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with | ||||
| 141 | ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 | ]] | , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and | ||||
| 149 | as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 | ]] | , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . | ||||
| 153 | recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 | ]] | , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = | ||||
| 157 | so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since [[ january 1 ]] , [[ 2007 | ]] | , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the | ||||
| 246067808 | 0 | to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) seconds before plunging to his death . ]] [[ image : dfy coat of arms . gif | | 250px | thumb | right | | the coat of arms of the [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] . ]] {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = invasion of yugoslavia | |||
| 246982301 | 0 | operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . | a further | an additional | 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the | ||
| 247526296 | 15 | soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , | [[ | italy ]] and [[ germany ]] wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue | |||
| 32 | elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with [[ united states | u . s . | ]] | - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s | ||||
| 247526939 | 0 | = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ | nazism | | nazi italians ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ | |||
| 248465880 | 0 | , but they too were taken hostage . the yugoslavs then confronted the hungarians , italians , and germans in ally with turkey , estonia , jordan , and quatar . | the | the hungarians were eliminated completely , and the italians surrendered . the germans fled , and reterned few living p . o . ws . the germans were pushed out of | |||
| 250982182 | 3 | the european union . since january 1 , 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . | ' ' see also : | [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of the new recognized states " perrow = 3 > image : flag of bosnia | |||
| 251875060 | 0 | various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . | more than 20 . 000 civilians were killed , and | more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was | |||
| 251875421 | 0 | for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . one such camp was the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . a | large | huge | number of men , women and children , jews , serbs , and croat resistance members , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en | ||
| 251881221 | 0 | for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . one such camp was the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . a | huge | large | number of men , women and children , jews , serbs , and croat resistance members , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en | ||
| 1 | various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . | more than 20 . 000 civilians were killed , and | more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was | ||||
| 257423127 | 5 | eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . | he was then re - incarnated and banged 3 , 606 men and 18 , 090 more women . | = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive | |||
| 257427712 | 5 | eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . | he was then re - incarnated and banged 3 , 606 men and 18 , 090 more women . | = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive | |||
| 257731379 | 0 | * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , | the formation | [[ federal republic | of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ agreement on sub - regional | ||
| 257767654 | 19 | , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 - 1963 ) | autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . * [[ | socialist republic of slovenia | podgorica | ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded | ||
| 257769716 | 43 | the european union . since january 1 , 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . | < center > < gallery caption | = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < | |||
| 257953451 | 1 | penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . | the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . | the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil | |||
| 257962779 | 1 | penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . | the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . | the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil | |||
| 258138952 | 0 | = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ | nazism | nazi germany | | nazi ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ | ||
| 259633956 | 5 | and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on october 6 , 2000 . | on saturday , march 31 , 2001 , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse | ||||
| 271040345 | 0 | expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . | a lot of | many | aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was | ||
| 273507984 | 0 | as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . in march | 1990 | 19911 | , during the demonstrations in [[ split ( city ) | split ]] , croatia , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving | ||
| 273508118 | 0 | as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . in march | 19911 | 1990 | , during the demonstrations in [[ split ( city ) | split ]] , croatia , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving | ||
| 281117483 | 10 | and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( | ' ' | jugonostalgija ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ | |||
| 11 | others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija | ' ' | ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 | ||||
| 284695040 | 23 | germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia | croatian banovina ]] ( administrative province ) in 1939 | revolutionary | . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the | |||
| 47 | of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . in march 1990 , | during | yugoslav counter intelligence | the demonstrations in [[ split ( city ) | split ]] , croatia , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving it through | |||
| 49 | s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ( | city | . | ) | split ]] , croatia , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving it through a crowd of people . {{ fact | |||
| 51 | vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . | slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo and montenegro during [[ yougurt revolutions ]] . | following the first multi - party election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of | ||||
| 60 | and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on october 6 , 2000 . | the federal republic of yugoslavia was afterwards admitted to the united nations , at the end of 2000 . | on saturday , march 31 , 2001 , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse | ||||
| 292035709 | 0 | in most others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . in september 1991 , | the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also | yugoslavia | declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed | ||
| 292754074 | 6 | in most others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . in september 1991 , | yugoslavia | the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also | declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed | ||
| 295202904 | 0 | with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . | in 2008 the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared its [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence | independence ]] . while it has established diplomatic relations with [[ international _ recognition _ of _ kosovo | some countries ]] , kosovo ' s independence has not been recognized by the [[ united nations ]] , and [[ serbia ]] continues to assert its sovereignty over the region . | = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of | |||
| 299639766 | 1 | ]] languages . although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all | federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . | arjun | remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of | ||
| 299963785 | 1 | with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . | in 2008 the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared its [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence | independence ]] . while it has established diplomatic relations with [[ international _ recognition _ of _ kosovo | some countries ]] , kosovo ' s independence has not been recognized by the [[ united nations ]] , and [[ serbia ]] continues to assert its sovereignty over the region . | = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of | |||
| 309709819 | 3 | first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 2001 was known as the kingdom of fergs , arthurites and | quebeckers | slovenes | . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to | ||
| 312074340 | 5 | 1974 constitution , though whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after | which | this death | the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : | ||
| 314884067 | 5 | : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) | , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly | . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . | |||
| 314888561 | 3 | : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) | , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly | . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . | |||
| 315047149 | 5 | : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) | , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly | . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . | |||
| 315141168 | 3 | : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) | , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly | . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . | |||
| 315205975 | 5 | : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) | , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly | . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . | |||
| 319569174 | 6 | the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians | mark | marked | the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with | ||
| 319589909 | 5 | the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians | marked | mark | the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with | ||
| 319701637 | 6 | the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians | mark | marked | the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with | ||
| 319852932 | 5 | the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians | marked | mark | the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with | ||
| 321373659 | 1 | as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided e . | g . the torture island goli otok were intellectuals and politacal prisoners were interred , tortured and shot dead for advocating democracy and cultural freedom . | there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent | |||
| 321376901 | 1 | eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . | = = = flirting with fascism = = = world war ii came to yugoslavia as a direct result of the pro - axis sentiments of the serbian controlled yugoslav government . under prince paul yugoslavia moved steadily away from france and toward germany after the death of king alexander . as early as february of 1936 hitler promised to support the government of premier milan stojadinovic . by 1937 stojadinovic had visited mussolini , developed his own squad of " green shirts " and adopted the nazi salute . it was perhaps taking the title vodja ( fuhrer ) that finally sent prince paul into action , replacing stojadinovic with dragisa cvetkovic who maintained the same pro - axis foreign policy but with fewer fascist trappings . prince paul saw the third reich as the only power able to maintain the artificial state of yugoslavia and he began secret negotiations with top nazi officials in december 1939 . he hoped that he could become king under the new order , denying the young crown prince peter his title . yugoslavia joined the axis on march 24 , 1941 . the only member of the government who refused to sign the " pact of steel " joining the axis was the croatian minister , vladko macek of the croatian peasant party . after the signing cvetkovic assured hitler that yugoslavia " . . . would be ready to cooperate with germany in every way . " in fact , paul had been cooperating since 1939 with mass arrests of jews , strict racial laws , and the prohibition of trade unions . by 1940 , legislation had been passed limiting the types of businesses which jews could own , direct , or work in and severely limiting educational access for jews . a secret protocol was attached to the axis pact which promised yugoslavia access to the aegean sea at the expense of greece in the new order . ( see also - - [[ user : vatroslav1937 | vatroslav1937 ]] ( [[ user talk : vatroslav1937 | talk ]] ) 13 : 28 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) serbian pro nazi government ) | = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive | |||
| 321377060 | 2 | see also - - [[ user : vatroslav1937 | vatroslav1937 ]] ( [[ user talk : vatroslav1937 | talk ]] ) 13 : 28 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) | serbian pro nazi government ) | = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive | |||
| 321377434 | 1 | eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . | = = = flirting with fascism = = = world war ii came to yugoslavia as a direct result of the pro - axis sentiments of the serbian controlled yugoslav government . under prince paul yugoslavia moved steadily away from france and toward germany after the death of king alexander . as early as february of 1936 hitler promised to support the government of premier milan stojadinovic . by 1937 stojadinovic had visited mussolini , developed his own squad of " green shirts " and adopted the nazi salute . it was perhaps taking the title vodja ( fuhrer ) that finally sent prince paul into action , replacing stojadinovic with dragisa cvetkovic who maintained the same pro - axis foreign policy but with fewer fascist trappings . prince paul saw the third reich as the only power able to maintain the artificial state of yugoslavia and he began secret negotiations with top nazi officials in december 1939 . he hoped that he could become king under the new order , denying the young crown prince peter his title . yugoslavia joined the axis on march 24 , 1941 . the only member of the government who refused to sign the " pact of steel " joining the axis was the croatian minister , vladko macek of the croatian peasant party . after the signing cvetkovic assured hitler that yugoslavia " . . . would be ready to cooperate with germany in every way . " in fact , paul had been cooperating since 1939 with mass arrests of jews , strict racial laws , and the prohibition of trade unions . by 1940 , legislation had been passed limiting the types of businesses which jews could own , direct , or work in and severely limiting educational access for jews . a secret protocol was attached to the axis pact which promised yugoslavia access to the aegean sea at the expense of greece in the new order . - - [[ user : vatroslav1937 | vatroslav1937 ]] ( [[ user talk : vatroslav1937 | talk ]] ) 13 : 29 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) | = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive | |||
| 323436950 | 0 | languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . | fuck serbia | remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of | |||
| 323437044 | 0 | languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . | fuck serbia | remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of | |||
| 325562474 | 0 | people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at | 87 | around 80 | % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the | ||
| 325621246 | 3 | june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its | statehood | international recognition | is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single | ||
| 325697061 | 7 | " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its | international recognition | statehood | is , however , still in progress . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a | ||
| 329383374 | 0 | languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . | now yugoslavia celebrates yu - gi - oh . the person who has the voice of yugi is also still alive and comes there every now and then . | remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of | |||
| 329383507 | 0 | languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . | now yugoslavia celebrates yu - gi - oh . the person who has the voice of yugi is also still alive and comes there every now and then . | remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of | |||
| 336062233 | 0 | as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . | during this time | from 1941 - 45 , | the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and | ||
| 337768752 | 3 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , | initially | which before 3 october 1929 was | known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as | ||
| 14 | ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union | of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 | , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ | ||||
| 337769485 | 3 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , | initially | which before 3 october 1929 was | known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as | ||
| 14 | ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union | of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 | , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ | ||||
| 338545828 | 3 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , | initially | [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] | known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as | ||
| 339579426 | 0 | eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . | the josh campbell problem currently still goes wrong in yugoslavia . josh campbell rapes and kils innocent yugoslavians because he has a fetish for foreigners . | = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive | |||
| 339725475 | 1 | arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . | see | its independence is | [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in | ||
| 339756813 | 0 | eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . | the josh campbell problem currently still goes wrong in yugoslavia . josh campbell rapes and kils innocent yugoslavians because he has a fetish for foreigners . | = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive | |||
| 346898017 | 2 | son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = | the 1930s in yugoslavia | 1934 - 1941 | = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian | ||
| 394554278 | 5 | the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february | - | – | march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution | ||
| 398824624 | 2 | [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] who after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation . ) | {{ citation needed | date = february 2010 }} | . | starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the next | ||
| 441313646 | 17 | the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 | & nbsp ; | million . an additional 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to | |||
| 127 | such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on march | 9 , | 1991 , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people | ||||
| 447088618 | 0 | ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) | is a term that describes | refers to | three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the [[ balkans ]] , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this | ||
| 468701811 | 53 | former yugoslavia }} [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] | = | = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of | |||
| 469728921 | 0 | states = = [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] | current | countries created after the collapse of yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' name ' ' ' < / center > ! | |||
| 484993842 | 1 | states = = [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] | current | countries created after the collapse of yugoslavia in former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' name ' ' ' < / | |||
| 485215993 | 0 | ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) | refers to | was | a series of political entities that existed successively in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by | ||
| 1 | slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) refers to a | series of political entities that existed successively | country | in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | |||
| 495585894 | 11 | , bloody history | publisher = bbc news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > ) . starting in 1991 , | the sfry | yugoslavia | disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the third yugoslavia , known as the [[ | ||
| 495666744 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} | for | | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file | |||
| 12 | , bloody history | publisher = bbc news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > ) . starting in 1991 , | yugoslavia | the sfry | disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} originating from [[ pan - slavism ]] ideologies , yugoslavia was | |||
| 495668696 | 13 | , bloody history | publisher = bbc news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > ) . starting in 1991 , | the sfry | yugoslavia | disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the third yugoslavia , known as the [[ | ||
| 496174460 | 7 | ]] [[ file : banovine jugoslavia . png | thumb | 250px | right | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] of yugoslavia in 1929 . ]] | }} | formed in 1918 immediately after world war i as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes by union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and | |||
| 497533599 | 0 | services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > the state was finally officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . | in april 2001 , the five successor states signed the yugoslav agreement on succession issues . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . dipublico . com . ar / english / yugoslav - agreement - on - succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 2012 - 06 - 14 }} < / ref > | = = = yugosphere = = = the ' ' yugosphere ' ' is a term used to describe the present day physical areas which formed yugoslavia , as well as | |||
| 497534949 | 0 | on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = | the end of the second yugoslavia | timeline | = = = various dates are considered the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * 25 june 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared | ||
| 542253625 | 2 | " serbia and montenegro " . < ref name = " serbia and montenegro " / > the state was finally officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . | may 2006 referendum ]] . after montenegrin independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the ' ' [[ republic of serbia ]] ' ' . | in april 2001 , the five successor states drafted and in june 2001 they signed an agreement on succession issues . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http | |||
| 542265209 | 0 | center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | june 25 , 1991 | july 7 , 1991 ( after | the | signing of the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | june 25 | - | } = = = succession , 1992 - 2003 = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars | |||
| 542271207 | 2 | 1991 , yugoslavia disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . one of the five successor states was also known as the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) | , | until 2003 . the fry aspired to be a sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , but those claims | |||
| 542271560 | 0 | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the | country | fry | rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on november 2 , 2000 . < | ||
| 561302207 | 3 | and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina | : | . | ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * [[ walter roberts ( writer | ||
| 562701743 | 4 | in 1943 and 1945 . the democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it | as the legitimate government , but in november 1945 the monarchy was abolished . yugoslavia | was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ | |||
| 7 | and 1945 . the democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed | to | the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic | ||||
| 563179561 | 10 | ' communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists | ' | rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater autonomy of the republics ( under [[ milan kučan | |||
| 563180646 | 7 | ) in croatia . the federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to home guard ) in 1990 but | wasn ' t | was not | completely successful . still , slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disarmament | ||
| 563181699 | 0 | with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the austrian [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv | station | network | ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defense , before gunfire was heard and the troops | ||
| 578690791 | 5 | century . the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' , was | established on 1 december 1918 | a country in the western part of [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century , that came into existence | by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which had annexed the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] | ||
| 11 | state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which had annexed the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] on 13 november ) . the | conference | regions | of ambassadors in paris gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family | |||
| 17 | ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) | was a country in the western part of [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' , was established on 1 december 1918 by the union | ||||
| 582992172 | 6 | / www . amazon . com / hitlers - new - disorder - yugoslavia - columbia / dp / 0231700504 / excerpt and text search ] * ramet , sabrina . | ' ' | | year = 2006 | title = | the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * [[ walter roberts ( writer ) | | ||
| 588055722 | 2 | ]] five days previously , while the regions of [[ kosovo ]] , [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ vardar macedonia ]] were parts of serbia prior to the unification ) . | serbian royal [[ house _ of _ karadjordjevic ]] , became yugoslav royalty . | it gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the conference of ambassadors in paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / | |||
| 588344999 | 10 | november 1945 the monarchy was abolished . yugoslavia was renamed the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , | it | the country | was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this became the largest yugoslav state as [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , | ||
| 17 | in 1991 , yugoslavia disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . one of the successor states was also known as the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) | until 2003 . | , aspiring for | the fry aspired to be a sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , but those claims were opposed by | |||
| 21 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , but those claims were opposed by the other former republics . after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power in 2000 , | the fry rescinded those aspirations , accepting | serbia and montenegro accepted | the opinion of the [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november 2000 . < ref name = " ebrd | |||
| 591686773 | 0 | the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag and / or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . | = = the 1948 jugoslavia - soviet split = = | the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to socialism under the | |||
| 594475714 | 10 | various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending 11 days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . | < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . bbc . co . uk / history / worldwars / wwtwo / partisan _ fighters _ 01 . shtml | title = partisans : war in | the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on 17 april , representatives of yugoslavia ' | |||
| 607835586 | 0 | ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) | , | was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn - lr | |||
| 607836964 | 0 | . after the breakup , the republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] formed a reduced federation , the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) , | aspiring for | which aspired to | the status of sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the sfry , but those claims were opposed by the other former republics . eventually , serbia and | ||
| 616888308 | 2 | | isbn = 0 - 313 - 24308 - 5 | page = | pages = }} < / ref > however , he refused to abdicate . marshall tito was | nolw | now | in full control , and all opposition elements were eliminated . he executed over 100 , 000 croats and slovenes who had collaborated with the germans . < ref > {{ | ||
| 32 | vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . | slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo , and montenegro during the 1988 [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution # october 1988 : vojvodina : yogurt revolution | yogurt revolutions ]] . | following the first multi - party election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of | ||||
| 623655573 | 0 | ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) | , once spelled and called " jugoslavia " , | was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn - lr | |||
| 672006847 | 0 | 2008 , the [[ kosovo | republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognised state . however , | numerous countries | [[ international recognition of kosovo | 109 states ]] | , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognised kosovo as an independent nation . = = = yugosphere = = = in | ||
| 679738909 | 1 | 2008 , the [[ kosovo | republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognised state . however , | but | [[ international recognition of kosovo | 109 states ]] , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognised kosovo as an independent nation | |||
| 685823117 | 0 | ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) | , once spelled and called " ' ' jugoslavia ' ' " , | was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn - lr | |||
| 702550312 | 26 | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in | [[ | 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but | |||
| 27 | kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in 1943 | ]] | , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in | ||||
| 30 | by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in | [[ | 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in november 1945 the monarchy was abolished . yugoslavia was renamed the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia | ||||
| 31 | the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 | ]] | , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in november 1945 the monarchy was abolished . yugoslavia was renamed the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in | ||||
| 46 | , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy . partisan leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in 1980 . in | [[ | 1963 , the country was renamed again as the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics that made up the country were | ||||
| 47 | [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy . partisan leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 | ]] | , the country was renamed again as the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics that made up the country were the | ||||
| 702589142 | 26 | october ]] [[ 1929 ]] , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] . in | [[ | 1943 ]] , a [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 ]] , the king recognised it as | |||
| 27 | [[ 1929 ]] , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] . in [[ 1943 | ]] | , a [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 ]] , the king recognised it as the legitimate | ||||
| 30 | 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] . in [[ 1943 ]] , a [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in | [[ | 1944 ]] , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in [[ november 1945 ]] the monarchy was abolished . [[ yugoslavia ]] was renamed the [[ federal | ||||
| 31 | ]] [[ 1941 ]] . in [[ 1943 ]] , a [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 | ]] | , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in [[ november 1945 ]] the monarchy was abolished . [[ yugoslavia ]] was renamed the [[ federal people ' | ||||
| 39 | government , but in [[ november 1945 ]] the monarchy was abolished . [[ yugoslavia ]] was renamed the [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] in [[ 1946 | ]] | , when a [[ communist government ]] was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from [[ italy ]] | ||||
| 48 | [[ zadar ]] from [[ italy ]] . [[ partisan ]] leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in [[ 1980 ]] . in | [[ | 1963 ]] , the country was renamed again as the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics that made up the country | ||||
| 49 | ]] from [[ italy ]] . [[ partisan ]] leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in [[ 1980 ]] . in [[ 1963 | ]] | , the country was renamed again as the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics that made up the country were the | ||||
| 705879445 | 1 | were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | serbians ]] but included 37 , 000 jews . | < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > | from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] , with the former | |||
| 720125001 | 1 | , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to [[ catholicism ]] ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | serbians ]] but included 37 , 000 jews . | < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > | from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] , with the former | |||
| 842760122 | 0 | : {{ lang | rue | югославия }} , < small > [[ transcription ( linguistics ) | transcr . ]] < / small > ' ' juhoslavija ' ' ) | < ref group = note > {{ lang - sq | jugosllavia }} ; {{ lang - hu | jugoszlávia }} ; {{ lang - sk | juhoslávia }} ; {{ lang - ro | iugoslavia }} ; {{ lang - cs | jugoslávie }} ; {{ lang - it | iugoslavia }} {{ ipa - it | juɡozˈlaːvja | } } ; {{ lang - tr | yugoslavya }} ; {{ lang - bg | югославия }} , < small > [[ transcription ( linguistics ) | transcr . ]] < / small > ' ' jugoslavija ' ' . < / ref > | was a country in [[ southeast europe | southeastern ]] and [[ central europe ]] for most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i | |||
| 857344426 | 7 | | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 – 1941 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 – 1992 ) | | title _ leader = | | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start = 1 december | year _ start | |||
| 13 | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 – 1941 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 – 1992 ) | | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]] | | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start = 1 december | year _ start |
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| 252030779 | 1 | | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > | image : flag of kosovo . svg | < center > [[ kosovo ]] < br > ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > | image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < | |
| 252034361 | 1 | | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > | image : flag of kosovo . svg | < center > [[ kosovo ]] < br > ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > | image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < | |
| 254441345 | 0 | as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag | of former yugoslav republic | of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ | |
| 254442227 | 3 | as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag | of former yugoslav republic | of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center | |
| 257724223 | 1 | | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > | image : flag of kosovo . svg | < center > ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < br > ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > | image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < | |
| 257769716 | 2 | of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < center > < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > | ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat | > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | | |
| 9 | new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : | 4em ; " | < center > [[ image : bosnia and herzegovina coats | : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of | ||
| 16 | center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : | coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic | image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < | ||
| 28 | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : | coat | image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia | ||
| 35 | | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : | coat | image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / gallery > < / center > = = = remaining cultural | ||
| 48 | of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > | image | : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of | ||
| 49 | new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : | flag | of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | | ||
| 52 | center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : | flag | of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ | ||
| 56 | center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > | image : flag of | montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center | ||
| 59 | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : | flag | of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / | ||
| 62 | | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : | flag | of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / gallery > < / center > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties | ||
| 262054633 | 1 | ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > | image | file | : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > image : coat of |
| 2 | = 6 > image : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > | image | file | : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / | |
| 6 | [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > | image | file | : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > image : coat of arms | |
| 7 | perrow = 6 > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > | image | file | : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / | |
| 8 | . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ | image | file | : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces . ]] [[ image : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | | |
| 11 | " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ | image | file | : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ image | |
| 13 | - | 2 . [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ | image | file | : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : sr croatia coa . png | 40px ]] | |
| 14 | | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ | image | file | : sr croatia coa . png | 40px ]] < center > | - | 3 . [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : | |
| 15 | - | 3 . [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ | image | file | : flag of sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia | |
| 17 | | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ | image | file | : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style | |
| 18 | montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | < center > [[ | image | file | : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] | |
| 19 | < / nowiki > | < center > [[ image : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ | image | file | : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5 . [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : 5a . {{ smaller | [[ | |
| 20 | }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ | image | file | : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] | |
| 21 | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ | image | file | : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 6 . [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size | |
| 22 | - | 6 . [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ | image | file | : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] | |
| 23 | | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ | image | file | : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica | |
| 31 | " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ | image | file | : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ image : | |
| 33 | < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ | image | file | : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px | |
| 34 | " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ | image | file | : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 | |
| 35 | center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ | image | file | : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . | |
| 36 | " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ | image | file | : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size | |
| 37 | < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ | image | file | : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px | |
| 38 | " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ | image | file | : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % | |
| 39 | < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ | image | file | : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px | |
| 40 | " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ | image | file | : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % | |
| 41 | < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ | image | file | : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px | |
| 42 | " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ | image | file | : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] | |
| 266322892 | 0 | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : | republic - of - macedonia - | coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : | |
| 266323076 | 0 | ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : | republic - of - macedonia - | coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = | |
| 286369241 | 0 | ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : | coat _ of _ arms _ of _ the _ | republic - of - macedonia - coat - of - arms . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | |
| 3 | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : | coat _ of _ arms _ of _ the _ | republic - of - macedonia - coat - of - arms . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font | ||
| 288717184 | 0 | ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : | coat _ of _ arms _ of _ the _ republic _ of _ macedonia | coat of arms of the republic of macedonia | . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; |
| 1 | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : | coat _ of _ arms _ of _ the _ republic _ of _ macedonia | coat of arms of the republic of macedonia | . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | |
| 318046156 | 3 | zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : | | | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | |
| 4 | . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr croatia coa . png | 40px ]] < center > | - | coa of | sr croatia coa . png | 40px ]] < center > | - | 3 . [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 | ||
| 19 | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : | width | : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] | ||
| 36 | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : | flag of sr | serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | ||
| 40 | ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > | ' ' ' | [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size | ||
| 326164171 | 0 | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : | new | coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : | |
| 326414659 | 0 | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : | new | coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : | |
| 343725873 | 0 | : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : | coat of arms of | bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 | |
| 385373143 | 0 | zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : | sr _ croatia _ | coa of sr croatia . png | 40px ]] < center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . | |
| 394554278 | 0 | zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : | sr _ croatia _ coa | sr croatia coa | . png | 40px ]] < center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] |
| 400599300 | 14 | > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ | coat | thumb | right | | of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | |
| 439457771 | 3 | size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | : | [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = | |
| 468701811 | 39 | ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' | [[ | flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic | |
| 59 | center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' | [[ | flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | ||
| 492545273 | 5 | 3 | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : | flag | socialist republic of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : |
| 493757717 | 0 | flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : | sr | coat of arms of the socialist republic of | serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png |
| 496003280 | 7 | ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' | [[ | flag ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' emblem ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina | |
| 542265570 | 4 | ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > | ' ' ' | [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < | |
| 6 | | capital ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > | ' ' ' | [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' declared date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! | ||
| 555747797 | 7 | ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ capital city | capital ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ flag ]] < center > ! ! | < center > | [[ coat of arms ]] < center > ! ! < center > declared date of independence < center > ! ! < center > official state - recognized date of | |
| 583579699 | 0 | ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : | sr | coat of arms of the socialist republic of | slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | } in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] |
| 583581227 | 0 | podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : | sr | coat of arms of the socialist republic of | montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] |
| 656901506 | 31 | are the following : { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! [[ list of countries | name ]] ! ! [[ capital city | capital ]] ! ! [[ | flag ]] ! ! [[ | coat of arms ]] ! ! declared date of independence ! ! official state - recognised date of independence ! ! public holiday used to celebrate independence | - | [[ | |
| 43 | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > | [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | 25 june 1991 | 8 october 1991 {{ citation needed | date = august | ||
| 47 | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > | [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 17 february 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of | ||
| 50 | of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > | [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 8 september 1991 | 8 april 1993 {{ citation needed | ||
| 54 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > | [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 21 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | | ||
| 59 | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 22 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | | ||
| 64 | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > | [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 25 june 1991 | 7 july 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni | ||
| 847129961 | 0 | anthem = " [[ national anthem of the kingdom of yugoslavia | himna kraljevine jugoslavije ]] " ( 1919 & ndash ; 1941 ) < br / > [[ file : | national anthem of the kingdom of yugoslavia | himna kraljevine jugoslavije | . oga ]] - - - - " [[ hey , slavs | hej , slaveni ]] " ( 1945 & ndash ; 1992 ) < br / > [[ file |
| left_string | del_string | ins_string | right_string | ||
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| 8640554 | 0 | the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = first yugoslavia = = | ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' | [[ image : coashs . jpg | framed | right | coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the | |
| 8640679 | 0 | so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = second yugoslavia = = | ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' | [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | marshal tito led yugoslavia from the end of world war ii until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ | |
| 13672323 | 9 | in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as many other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . | westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - subasic agreement | tito - & # 352 ; uba & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; agreement ]] in june [[ 1944 ]] , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' | [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until | |
| 33738425 | 16 | federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . | as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the presidency . | [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was | |
| 56069954 | 2 | bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' | s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . [[ image | ' ' kelsey ' ' ' | : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] |
| 63330276 | 9 | an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . | = = = the independent state of croatia = = = {{ main | independent state of croatia }} | [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp | |
| 83862267 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} | [[ image : locationkingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . ]] ' | |
| 88624227 | 0 | the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] , [[ 2000 ]] . | on [[ | ||
| 247935764 | 11 | before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | | rapallo | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms | ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] |
| 15 | / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war | | invasion of yugoslavia | [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ | ||
| 18 | yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and | autonomous | proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] celebration . ]] on 7 april 1963 the nation changed its official | ||
| 256387537 | 1 | . = = yugoslav wars = = [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 | . | ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out | |
| 259633956 | 0 | montenegro declared their independence ' s * february 17 , 2008 , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = | {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ | [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry | |
| 262054633 | 10 | of yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces . ]] [[ image : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] . ]] [[ | image | file | : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] congress . ]] {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia |
| 26 | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ | image | file | : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished | |
| 27 | . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in ethnic cleansing of serbs from croatia . ]] [[ | image | file | : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia to | |
| 273577256 | 0 | . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] | i loveeeeeee mikeeeee | [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and | |
| 273577328 | 0 | . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] | i loveeeeeee mikeeeee | [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and | |
| 284619322 | 2 | with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in ethnic cleansing of serbs from croatia . | {{ pov - statement | date = 2009 - 04 - 18 }} | ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not | |
| 312573885 | 0 | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . | jebes cetnika | ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb | |
| 312606479 | 0 | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . | jebes cetnika | ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb | |
| 325215046 | 0 | kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} | and then ! miran moved to danmark , and it was all good fun . cause legoland was there ! | [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry | |
| 325215058 | 0 | kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} | and then ! miran moved to danmark , and it was all good fun . cause legoland was there ! | [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry | |
| 332320748 | 1 | _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii | - they lost | = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to | |
| 332321220 | 1 | _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii | - they lost | = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to | |
| 347164096 | 5 | | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] | {{ fixbunching | mid }} | [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists | |
| 24 | ]] which he accused the serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia resulted in the bosnian war | against the [[ army of bosnia and herzegovina | arbih ]] which would see large numbers of atrocities such as genocide committed by all belligerents . karadžić is accused of sponsoring many of these incidents . photo by [[ mikhail evstafiev ]] | . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ file : | ||
| 26 | , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 }} | ]] | [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow | ||
| 347166295 | 1 | state he initially wished to build was both against the serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia , and one which would disenfranchise non - bosniaks . ]] | {{ fixbunching | mid }} | [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] | [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup |
| 2 | a status threatned by each republic breaking away from the federation , in addition to his opposition to the the albanian authorities in kosovo , further inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] | {{ fixbunching | mid }} | [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered the serb | ||
| 3 | wished to remain in union with serbia - proper . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs ahead of croatia ' s independence . ]] | {{ fixbunching | mid }} | [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow | ||
| 347166869 | 0 | state he initially wished to build was both against the serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia , and one which would disenfranchise non - bosniaks . ]] | [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] | [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup | |
| 349071920 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} | {{ summary from | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} | [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . | |
| 400599300 | 30 | align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] | < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > | [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the kingdom of yugoslavia and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in | |
| 402618599 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} | {{ see also | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} | [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . | |
| 403964619 | 0 | | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : slobodan milosevic . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] | ' s unequivocal desire to uphold the unity of serbs , a status threatened by each republic breaking away from the federation , in addition to his opposition to the albanian authorities in kosovo , further inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] | [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered the serb | |
| 1 | to the albanian authorities in kosovo , further inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman | ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered the serb population of croatia who had wished to remain in union with serbia - proper . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs ahead of croatia ' s independence . | ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 140px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not | ||
| 439457771 | 9 | [[ kosovo ]] ' ' {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | | < center > | [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = | |
| 446485759 | 0 | yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} | {{ for | the | [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . | |
| 467914600 | 9 | > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | | < center > | [[ file : flag of the republic of macedonia 1992 - 1995 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat | |
| 468701811 | 52 | [[ serbia ]] ' s formal declaration of independence on 5 june . many view this as the final end of what was left of the former [[ yugoslavia ]] . | = = legacy = = {{ main | former yugoslavia }} | [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] = = = | |
| 493354776 | 0 | asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} | [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . |
| 495585930 | 0 | asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} | [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' |
| 495666744 | 1 | {st@rt} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} | [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' | |
| 495668696 | 21 | asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} | [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . | |
| 496174460 | 11 | = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | | sfr yugoslavia | ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and provinces of yugoslavia ]] on 29 november 1945 , while still in exile , [[ | |
| 504594307 | 0 | - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} | {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} | [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' | |
| 656901506 | 36 | independence ! ! public holiday used to celebrate independence | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | | < center > | [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center | |
| 39 | center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | | < center > | [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 1 march 1992 | 6 april 1992 {{ citation needed | | ||
| 41 | | 1 march 1992 | 6 april 1992 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 1 march | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | | < center > | [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | ||
| 45 | | 25 june 1991 | 8 october 1991 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 25 june | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | | < center > | [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | ||
| 48 | kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 17 february | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | | < center > | [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of | ||
| 52 | | 8 september 1991 | 8 april 1993 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 8 september | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | | < center > | [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | ||
| 57 | = august 2014 }} | 3 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 21 may | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | | < center > | [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | ||
| 716053999 | 0 | atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = breakup = = {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} | {{ unreferenced | section | date = april 2016 }} | [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia - try2 . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of yugoslavia ]] though the 1974 constitution reduced the power of the federal | |
| 845716673 | 0 | _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | | image _ flag = [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | < br > < br > | | image _ flag2 = | [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = flag | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ |
| left_string | del_string | ins_string | right_string | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 657082 | 1 | yugoslavia ]] * [[ communications in yugoslavia ]] * [[ transportation in yugoslavia ]] * [[ military of yugoslavia ]] * [[ foreign relations of yugoslavia ]] * [[ serbia ]] | * | and | [[ montenegro ]] * the [[ voivodina ]] region and its municipalities - [[ novi sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ belgrade ]] * [[ |
| 31628313 | 2 | the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ | republic of macedonia | macedonia | tiger world | ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted |
| 63331191 | 11 | established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | * | , with capital in [[ skopje ]] , # socialist republic of | [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous |
| 152905578 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was | |
| 152911777 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was | |
| 192911741 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] in addition , on [[ 17 february ]] [[ 2008 ]] , [[ | |
| 193894652 | 5 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was | |
| 193899901 | 5 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was | |
| 194084019 | 2 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was | |
| 194172419 | 1 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was | |
| 194423248 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was | |
| 199227355 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] ( pending full international recognition ) | * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was | |
| 199793482 | 1 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] ( pending full international recognition ) | * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was | |
| 199794579 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] ( pending full international recognition ) | * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was | |
| 199794926 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | pending fullrecognition is not recognition . don ' t jump the gun . | * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was | |
| 199795049 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | pending fullrecognition is not recognition . don ' t jump the gun . | * [[ kosovo ]] ( | * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was |
| 199795480 | 2 | . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | recognition ) | * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was | |
| 201577676 | 2 | = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] | ( pending full international recognition ) | * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was | |
| 206594988 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former | |
| 206597640 | 2 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ kosovo ]] | * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was | |
| 210316137 | 2 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * | [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav | |
| 210766272 | 0 | = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * | ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] as well as the partially reconised state [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] | |
| 210766615 | 0 | new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ | kosovo | republic of | kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav republic | |
| 210766692 | 1 | the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo | republic of kosovo | ) | ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav republic to | |
| 210766951 | 0 | present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo | kosovo ( republic of | kosovo ) | kosovoν | ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav republic to |
| 210767374 | 0 | = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo | republic of | kosovoν | kosovo | ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina | asutonomous province of vojvodina ]] the |
| 210773864 | 6 | new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ | kosovo | republic of | kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina | autonomous province of vojvodina ]] |
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| 3458207 | 0 | was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] | {{ msg : disambig }} | {{ msg : sfry }} [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ | ||
| 4855507 | 0 | was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] | {{ disambig }} | {{ sfry }} [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ nl : | ||
| 8640415 | 7 | the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] is discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after first yugoslavia . | [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien | |||
| 34981679 | 0 | / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] | * [ http : / / www . burek . co . yu burek forum ] the biggest forum in ex yugoslavia region | {{ commons | yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs | ||
| 49792052 | 0 | www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ | http : / / www . burek . co . yu burek forum ] the biggest forum in ex yugoslavia region | {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : | ||
| 63327901 | 0 | hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes | ( first yugoslavia ) | = = | = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were | |
| 1 | was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} | = = = opposition to the new state = | {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were met for | |||
| 67806938 | 0 | , serbia and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # fefe40 | slovenia }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | croatia }} {{ legend | # 800080 | republic of | macdonia | macedonia | }} {{ legend | # 008000 | bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff0080 | republika srpska | |
| 87124473 | 1 | > {{ legend | # fe0000 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , federal republic of yugoslavia , serbia and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # ffff00 | slovenia | ]] | }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | croatia }} {{ legend | # 800080 | republic of macedonia }} {{ legend | # 008000 | bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | ||
| 3 | federal republic of yugoslavia , federal republic of yugoslavia , serbia and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # ffff00 | slovenia }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | croatia | ]] | }} {{ legend | # 800080 | republic of macedonia }} {{ legend | # 008000 | bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and | |||
| 4 | , serbia and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # ffff00 | slovenia }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | croatia }} {{ legend | # 800080 | republic of | [[ | macedonia }} {{ legend | # 008000 | bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | republika | |||
| 5 | serbia and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # ffff00 | slovenia }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | croatia }} {{ legend | # 800080 | republic of macedonia | ]] | }} {{ legend | # 008000 | bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | republika srpska | |||
| 7 | ffff00 | slovenia }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | croatia }} {{ legend | # 800080 | republic of macedonia }} {{ legend | # 008000 | bosnia and herzegovina | ]] | }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} | |||
| 87967302 | 1 | 800080 | republic of [[ macedonia ]] }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina | ]] | }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} {{ legend | # c00000 | kosovo }} {{ legend | # | ||
| 3 | legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | republika srpska | ]] | }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} {{ legend | # c00000 | kosovo }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s | |||
| 5 | ]] }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district | ]] | }} {{ legend | # c00000 | kosovo }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]] | |||
| 87967436 | 1 | ]] }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | [[ republika srpska ]] }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | [[ brčko district ]] }} {{ legend | # c00000 | kosovo | ]] | }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ | ||
| 89053587 | 1 | , serbia }} {{ legend | # ffff00 | [[ slovenia ]] }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | [[ croatia ]] }} {{ legend | # 800080 | republic of | [[ | macedonia ]] }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | ||
| 94995394 | 8 | control < br > key : < br > {{ legend | # fe0000 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , federal republic of yugoslavia , serbia and montenegro , serbia | . | }} {{ legend | # ffff00 | [[ slovenia ]] }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | [[ croatia ]] }} {{ legend | # 800080 | [[ republic of macedonia | ||
| 10 | , federal republic of yugoslavia , serbia and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # ffff00 | [[ slovenia ]] }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | [[ croatia ]] | . | }} {{ legend | # 800080 | [[ republic of macedonia ]] }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | | |||
| 11 | {{ legend | # ffff00 | [[ slovenia ]] }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | [[ croatia ]] }} {{ legend | # 800080 | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | . | }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # | |||
| 12 | | # 0000fe | [[ croatia ]] }} {{ legend | # 800080 | [[ republic of macedonia ]] }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | . | }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | [[ republika srpska ]] }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | |||
| 13 | [[ republic of macedonia ]] }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | . | }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | [[ republika srpska ]] }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | [[ brčko district ]] }} {{ legend | # c00000 | [[ kosovo | |||
| 14 | | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | [[ republika srpska ]] | . | }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | [[ brčko district ]] }} {{ legend | # c00000 | [[ kosovo ]] }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | [[ montenegro ]] | |||
| 15 | 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | [[ republika srpska ]] }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | [[ brčko district ]] | . | }} {{ legend | # c00000 | [[ kosovo ]] }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | [[ montenegro ]] }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4 | |||
| 16 | {{ legend | # ff80ff | [[ republika srpska ]] }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | [[ brčko district ]] }} {{ legend | # c00000 | [[ kosovo ]] | . | }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | [[ montenegro ]] }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic | |||
| 102048114 | 2 | # 0000fe | [[ croatia ]] . }} {{ legend | # 800080 | [[ republic of macedonia ]] . }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina | ]] | as two countries which is not acceptable | . }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] . }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | [[ republika srpska ]] . }} {{ legend | |
| 122414491 | 0 | protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] | * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] | {{ yug - timeline }} = = references = = | ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] | |
| 16 | : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ fi : | jugoslavian | ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] |
| left_string | del_string | ins_string | right_string | ||
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| 5747385 | 0 | ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] | yugoslavia is also the worlds capital for sluts | = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] is discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after first yugoslavia . [[ category : former | |
| 5832206 | 0 | ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] | yugoslavia is also the worlds capital for sluts | = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] is discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after first yugoslavia . [[ category : former | |
| 11392223 | 0 | ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] | = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] | = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = references = = | |
| 44309697 | 7 | 2015 . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] | ' ' | = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = | |
| 68736624 | 0 | three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' | hi ! ! ! | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also | |
| 68738113 | 0 | three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' | hi ! ! ! | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also | |
| 92887025 | 2 | three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' | . | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also | |
| 92889222 | 1 | 1 ]] [[ 2007 ]] they will be encircled by member - states of eu . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . | = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = similarity of the languages and long history of common life have left many ties between the peoples of the new states , even though the state policies of the new states favours differentiation , particularly in the language area . once the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several literary and spoken variants and was also the lingua - franca where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ serbian language ]] and to some extent also the [[ montenegrin language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first generation offspring of such marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state , it ' s perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most present - day independent states yugonostalgic sentiments are considered improper . | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also | |
| 182596844 | 0 | [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . | and i like patooties ! = d | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also | |
| 182607984 | 0 | [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . | and i like patooties ! = d | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also | |
| 185137188 | 0 | [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . | the perisics are one of the last few remaining yugoslavians in the world . they currently reside in new york in a run down building . | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also | |
| 185137287 | 0 | [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . | the perisics are one of the last few remaining yugoslavians in the world . they currently reside in new york in a run down building . | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also | |
| 185138382 | 0 | [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . | yugoslavia has been considered by many historians to be an utter failure of a country . its former massive population of 7 families have all migrated to new york . one of the most ancient and connected yugoslavian families are the pursics . this rare family is known for the geometrical shaped heads of its offspring and are considered very rare for bounty hunters . | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also | |
| 185243689 | 0 | [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . | yugoslavia has been considered by many historians to be an utter failure of a country . its former massive population of 7 families have all migrated to new york . one of the most ancient and connected yugoslavian families are the pursics . this rare family is known for the geometrical shaped heads of its offspring and are considered very valuable to galactic bounty hunters . | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also | |
| 192362907 | 0 | [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . | yugoslavia was destroyed by west german imperialism , with the connivance of the european union ( or " community " , as it then was . ) hans - dietrich genscher and david owen had a lot to do with this . so here we are , back in 1914 . the black hand gang . no , well let ' s not do all that again . | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also | |
| 192369309 | 0 | [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . | yugoslavia was destroyed by west german imperialism , with the connivance of the european union ( or " community " , as it then was . ) hans - dietrich genscher and david owen had a lot to do with this . so here we are , back in 1914 . the black hand gang . no , well let ' s not do all that again . | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also | |
| 196151212 | 0 | [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . | donald is the king of yugoslavia because he is a mutant crap eating walrus that can ' t speak english . | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also | |
| 196203155 | 0 | [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . | donald is the king of yugoslavia because he is a mutant crap eating walrus that can ' t speak english . | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also | |
| 207358209 | 0 | [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . | after a brief meeting at the u . n . everyone realized that yugoslavia was basically a piece of shit compared to every other country ever , so the united states bought yugoslavia for 3 buttons , a shiny piece of foil , and half a gumball george bush jr . had in his pocket | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also | |
| 207367494 | 0 | [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . | after a brief meeting at the u . n . everyone realized that yugoslavia was basically a piece of shit compared to every other country ever , so the united states bought yugoslavia for 3 buttons , a shiny piece of foil , and half a gumball george bush jr . had in his pocket | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also | |
| 258857956 | 0 | attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided | and inertness it allowed | . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see | |
| 292455036 | 0 | to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . | yugoslavia is famous for cows and pigs . | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also | |
| 292455112 | 0 | to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . | yugoslavia is famous for cows and pigs . | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also | |
| 311526730 | 0 | to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . | there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . * famous rock and | |
| 322016528 | 0 | with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . | = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also | |
| 322016817 | 0 | with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . | = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . | = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also |
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| 56779575 | 4 | february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of [[ may 22 ]] [[ 2006 ]] montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state | ; montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , effectively dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = ' ' ' background ' ' ' = = during the early period of the world | |
| 57059880 | 8 | as an independent state . montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , effectively dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of | yugoslavia ]] | the former yugoslav federation | . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = during the early period of the world war one ( 1914 ) , |
| 64572469 | 2 | with only minimal loss of life on both sides . recently the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day | _ | war # holmec _ incident | footage ]] of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in | |
| 67313073 | 4 | , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom | _ | of _ yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in [[ 1929 ]] ]] = = = opposition to the new state = = = with the end of [[ | |
| 5 | and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom _ of | _ | yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in [[ 1929 ]] ]] = = = opposition to the new state = = = with the end of [[ world war | ||
| 82799705 | 6 | pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had | adopted a | supported imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] | " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar |
| 82813167 | 8 | interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration , in [[ 1984 ]] , had | supported imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] | adopted a | " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist " restoration " . this , naturally , undermined a |
| 94926507 | 0 | [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is sometimes also used as a vague general term referring to those areas traditionally inhabited by [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] , [[ slovenes ]] and [[ montenegrins ]] . | _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in | |
| 94927244 | 1 | is sometimes also used as a vague general term referring to those areas traditionally inhabited by [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] , [[ slovenes ]] and [[ montenegrins ]] | and [[ bosniaks ]] ; and sometimes [[ albanians ]] and [[ macedonians ]] | . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged | |
| 94935203 | 0 | [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is sometimes also used as a vague general term referring to those areas traditionally inhabited by [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] , [[ slovenes ]] , [[ montenegrins ]] and [[ bosniaks ]] ; and sometimes [[ albanians ]] and [[ macedonians ]] . | _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in | |
| 138150216 | 0 | on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation | forever | . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged | |
| 138153249 | 0 | on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation | forever | . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged | |
| 192438632 | 0 | [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . | on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo delcared independence form serbia , further dividing the former country . | _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic | |
| 192522697 | 1 | their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo delcared independence form serbia , further dividing the former country | and ending yugoslavia altogether | . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south | |
| 193729606 | 0 | their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , further dividing the former country | and ending yugoslavia altogether | . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south | |
| 193894652 | 2 | respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , further dividing the | former country | declaration illegitimate | . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south |
| 193899901 | 3 | remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , despite not being in accordance with united nations resolution 1244 making the | declaration illegitimate | former country | . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south |
| 198775163 | 0 | thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act not recognized by [[ serbia ]] | further dividing the former country | . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged | |
| 206808719 | 34 | their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act not recognized by | [[ | serbia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | |
| 35 | , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act not recognized by [[ serbia | ]] | . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged | ||
| 206810242 | 5 | of the loose agreement . on [[ february 18 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act fiercely | opposed by serbia | opposes ]] | . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged |
| 210755078 | 1 | [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . | on [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] unilaterally [[ 2008 kosovo declaration of independence | declared independence ]] from serbia , an act that serbia [[ serbia ' s reaction to the 2008 kosovo declaration of independence | fiercely opposes ]] . | _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged in | |
| 218520678 | 0 | [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences , thereby ending the last remnants of a yugoslav state . | yahhh | _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged in | |
| 218520680 | 0 | [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences , thereby ending the last remnants of a yugoslav state . | yahhh | _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged in | |
| 236538465 | 1 | croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = [[ image : former | _ | yugoslavia _ wartime _ 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | |
| 2 | since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = [[ image : former _ yugoslavia | _ | wartime _ 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | ||
| 246788976 | 0 | name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . | [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . | _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged in | |
| 251007548 | 0 | montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed | by serbia | . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged | |
| 251363174 | 5 | 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed | by serbia | . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged | |
| 279273442 | 0 | [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still | disputed . | pooed | _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | |
| 279273471 | 0 | [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still | pooed | disputed . | _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | |
| 284695040 | 20 | politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . | fyr macedonia | former yugoslav republic of macedonia | _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | | |
| 288717184 | 4 | | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of | _ | arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; | |
| 5 | center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms | _ | of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | ||
| 294074180 | 0 | is , however , still disputed . the last country to have any yugoslav attribute in its name is the [[ fyr macedonia | former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] . | the country ' s main export is now porn and captive / enslaved american and western european women . | _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | | |
| 294090117 | 0 | is , however , still disputed . the last country to have any yugoslav attribute in its name is the [[ fyr macedonia | former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] . | the country ' s main export is now porn and captive / enslaved american and western european women . | _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | | |
| 294867442 | 0 | name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . | [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . the last country to have any yugoslav attribute in its name is the [[ fyr macedonia | former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] . | _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | | |
| 294877361 | 0 | name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . | [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . the last country to have any yugoslav attribute in its name is the [[ fyr macedonia | former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] . | _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | | |
| 295007625 | 0 | [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . the last country to have any yugoslav attribute in its name is the [[ | fyr macedonia | former yugoslav republic of | macedonia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ | |
| 301150997 | 0 | ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . | the last country to have any yugoslav attribute in its name is [[ macedonia ]] . | _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | | |
| 325621246 | 4 | [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still | disputed | in progress | . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs |
| 325697061 | 8 | 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its international recognition is , however , still | in progress | disputed | . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs |
| 342025641 | 1 | center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of | _ | arms _ of _ macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry | |
| 2 | [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms | _ | of _ macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . | ||
| 583308010 | 3 | center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of | _ | arms _ of _ macedonia _ ( 1946 - 2009 ) . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style | |
| 4 | [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms | _ | of _ macedonia _ ( 1946 - 2009 ) . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " | ||
| 5 | : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of | _ | macedonia _ ( 1946 - 2009 ) . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - | ||
| 588056015 | 0 | . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was result of [[ | https : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / | corfu _ declaration ]] , as project of serbian parliament in exile and serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia | |
| 588256173 | 0 | , while the regions of [[ kosovo ]] , [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ vardar macedonia ]] were parts of serbia prior to the unification ) . serbian royal [[ house | _ | of _ karadjordjevic ]] , became yugoslav royalty . it gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the conference of ambassadors in paris . < ref > http : / | |
| 817772770 | 0 | yugoslavia . svg | | image _ flag = flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | flag = flag of yugoslavia | flag _ type = flag ( 1918 | - 1941 | ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image | |
| 1 | leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]] | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | image | | flag _ border = | image _ coat = | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ | ||
| 2 | = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]] | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | | date | flag2 | _ start = 1 december 1918 | event1 = [[ invasion of yugoslavia | axis invasion ]] | date _ event1 = 6 april 1941 | event2 = [[ abolition of | |
| 6 | april 1941 | event2 = [[ abolition of monarchy ]] | date _ event2 = 29 november 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | | date | flag ( 1946 - | _ end = 27 april 1992 | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1918 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ | |
| 8 | = [[ abolition of monarchy ]] | date _ event2 = 29 november 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = | 27 april | | date _ start = 1 december | year _ start = 1918 | 1992 | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1918 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = | stat _ | |
| 10 | ! }} federal republic of yugoslavia | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | | image _ flag = flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | | flag = flag of yugoslavia | | flag _ type = flag ( 1918 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map | ||
| 818641417 | 4 | yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag ( 1918 - 1941 ) | image _ flag2 = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag2 _ type = flag | ( 1946 - 1992 ) | | flag _ border = | image _ coat = | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ | |
| 818929715 | 0 | }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = | east | southeastern | europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg |
| 818932945 | 6 | | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | < br / > [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1992 - 03 ) | | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]] | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | |
| 12 | . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : grb jugoslavije . svg | 70px ]] | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map | . svg | image _ map | _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ | ||
| 819799425 | 1 | : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px ]] | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = history _ of _ yugoslavia | . svg | image _ | location | map _ caption = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1939 ) < br > [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] ( 1943 - 1992 ) < br > [[ fr |
| 2 | and montenegro . svg | 70px ]] | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = history _ of _ yugoslavia . svg | image _ map | . svg | image _ map | _ caption = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1939 ) < br > [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] ( 1943 - 1992 ) < br > [[ fr yugoslavia | ||
| 9 | | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | < br / > [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1992 - 03 ) | | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of yugoslavia | president ]] | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | ||
| 819802306 | 0 | fr yugoslavia | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | | image _ flag = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag | ( 1945 - 1992 ) | | flag _ border = | image _ coat = grb jugoslavije . svg | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . | |
| 1 | yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag | flag _ border = | image _ coat = grb jugoslavije . svg | symbol = | symbol _ type = | emblem ( 1963 - 1992 ) | symbol _ type _ article = emblem of yugoslavia | | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | | ||
| 2 | | image _ flag = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag | flag _ border = | image _ coat = grb jugoslavije . svg | | symbol = | | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = | ||
| 819802680 | 0 | name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia | {{ ! }} serbia | | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = state of slovenes , croats and serbs | flag _ p2 = | |
| 819812809 | 0 | move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia | native _ name = | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' < br / > југославија | | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia {{ ! | |
| 819821056 | 0 | = | longm = | longew = | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | 1921 - 1945 : [[ serbo - croato - slovene ]] {{ ref label | scs | a | } | | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | |
| 8 | languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - | 92 | [[ socialist state | socialist ]] [[ republic ]] < br / > {{ small | | ) | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start = | |
| 9 | | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | 1992 | | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start = 1 | ||
| 10 | flag | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | a | } | }} | } | footnote _ a = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | | ||
| 11 | | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | a | } } | } | | footnote _ a = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo | ||
| 819821999 | 7 | {{ flag | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | a | | } | = {{ note | } | footnote _ b = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | |
| 8 | | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | a | } } | scs }} [[ serbo - croatian ]] and [[ slovene language | slovene ]] are separate languages , but that was not officially accepted or universally acknowledged at the time , and ' serbo - croato - slovene ' was declared the single official language ( ' ' srpsko - hrvatsko - slovenački ; ' ' also translated " serbocroatoslovenian " ) . in practice it functioned as serbo - croatian . < ref > {{ cite book | title = entangled histories of the balkans : volume one : national ideologies and language policies | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = fgmjqmflygoc & pg = pa371 | year = 2013 | publisher = koninklijke brill nv | isbn = 978 - 90 - 04 - 25076 - 5 | page = 371 | editor1 - first = rumen | editor1 - last = daskalov | editor2 - first = tchavdar | editor2 - last = marinov | chapter = language and identity : the fate of serbo - croatian | first = ronelle | last = alexander | quote = now , however , the official language of the new state , the kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes , bore the unwieldy name serbo - croato - slovene ( ' ' srpsko - hrvatsko - slovenački ' ' ) . }} < / ref > < ref > {{ cite book | last1 = wojciechowski | first1 = sebastian | last2 = burszta | first2 = wojciech j . | last3 = kamusella | first3 = tomasz | title = nationalisms across the globe : an overview of nationalisms in state - endowed and stateless nations | volume = 2 | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = hxyuaqaaiaaj | year = 2006 | publisher = school of humanities and journalism | isbn = 978 - 83 - 87653 - 46 - 0 | page = 79 | quote = similarly , the 1921 constitution declared serbocroatoslovenian as the official and national language of the kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenians . }} < / ref > | | footnote _ b = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo | ||
| 820074810 | 0 | > {{ small | ( 1918 – 1920 ) }} < br / > [[ yugoslav dinar ]] < br / > {{ small | ( 1920 – 1992 ) }} | | today = {{ flag | serbia }} < br / > {{ flag | croatia }} < br / > {{ flag | bosnia and herzegovina }} < br / > {{ flag | montenegro }} < br / > {{ flag | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | b | } } | | footnote _ a = {{ note | scs }} [[ serbo - croatian ]] and [[ slovene language | slovene ]] are separate languages , but that was not officially | |
| 820172521 | 0 | > {{ small | ( 1918 – 1920 ) }} < br / > [[ yugoslav dinar ]] < br / > {{ small | ( 1920 – 1992 ) }} | | today = {{ flag | serbia }} < br / > {{ flag | croatia }} < br / > {{ flag | bosnia and herzegovina }} < br / > {{ flag | montenegro }} < br / > {{ flag | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | b | } } | | footnote _ a = {{ note | scs }} [[ serbo - croatian ]] and [[ slovene language | slovene ]] are separate languages , but that was not officially | |
| 824490818 | 3 | s4 = republic of bosnia and herzegovina {{ ! }} bosnia and herzegovina | flag _ s4 = flag of bosnia and herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | | s5 = serbia and montenegro {{ ! }} federal republic of yugoslavia | thumb | | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | image _ flag = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag ( 1945 – |
| 4 | | flag _ s4 = flag of bosnia and herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | s5 = serbia and montenegro {{ ! }} federal republic of yugoslavia | | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | image _ flag = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag ( 1945 – 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = grb jugoslavije . svg | symbol _ type = emblem ( 1963 – 1992 ) | symbol _ type _ article = emblem of yugoslavia | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | right | | image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = | longd = | longm = | longew = | national _ motto = | | |
| 833505917 | 1 | [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 120px ]] < br > < br > [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | | border | ]] | flag _ type = flag | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | | |
| 845946945 | 0 | . svg | 120px | border ]] | image _ flag2 = [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = | top : | flag | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : grb | |
| 1 | svg | 120px | border ]] | image _ flag2 = [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = flag | ( pre - 1945 ) < br / > bottom : flag ( post - 1945 ) | | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : grb jugoslavije | ||
| 845969538 | 3 | yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( pre - 1945 ) < br / > bottom : flag ( post - | 1945 | 1992 | ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : grb |
| 846863177 | 1 | = 1918 – 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = state of | slovenes , croats and serbs | montenegro | | flag _ p2 = flag of the state of slovenes , croats and serbs . svg | s1 = croatia | flag _ s1 = flag of croatia . svg |
| 846864398 | 6 | languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 – 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 – | 92 | 1992 | ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]] | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of |
| 847130150 | 0 | yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia | ( 1929 & ndash ; 1992 ) | | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 | |
| 847130224 | 3 | _ long _ name = yugoslavia ( 1929 & ndash ; 1992 ) - - - - kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) | < / small > | | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 | |
| 847189388 | 4 | _ long _ name = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes < small > ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) < / small > - - - - yugoslavia | < small > ( 1929 & ndash ; 1992 ) < / small > | | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 | |
| 847902924 | 0 | = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes < small > ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) < / small > | | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 | |
| 848178566 | 4 | _ long _ name = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes < small > ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) < / small > - - - - yugoslavia | < small > ( 1929 & ndash ; 1992 ) < / small > | | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 | |
| 857344426 | 0 | move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia | native _ name = | југославија < br > {{ small | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' }} | | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / | |
| 2 | ndash ; 1992 ) < br / > [[ file : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | [[ yugoslavs ]] | | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 – 1941 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | ||
| 3 | ; 1992 ) < br / > [[ file : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | | common | official | _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 – 1941 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 | |
| 4 | br / > [[ file : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | [[ serbo - croatian ]] < br > [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] < br > [[ slovene language | slovene ]] | | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 – 1941 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 – 1992 ) | ||
| 8 | 1 december | year _ start = 1918 | event1 = [[ invasion of yugoslavia | axis invasion ]] | date _ event1 = 6 april 1941 | event2 = [[ | abolition of monarchy | united nations charter | admitted ]] to the [[ united nations | un | ]] | date _ event2 = 29 november 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april | year _ | |
| 9 | event1 = [[ invasion of yugoslavia | axis invasion ]] | date _ event1 = 6 april 1941 | event2 = [[ abolition of monarchy ]] | date _ event2 = | 29 november | 24 october | 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = | |
| 857748479 | 4 | svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( 1918 – 1941 ) < br / > bottom : flag ( 1945 – 1992 ) | [[ emblem of yugoslavia | emblem ]] < small > | | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : grb jugoslavije |
| left_string | del_string | ins_string | right_string | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19346610 | 0 | . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ | http : / / www . balkan - archive . org . yu / politics / war in former yugoslavia ] ( pictures of the hidden side of the war that nobody wants to show , etc . ) * [ | http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] | |
| 19347607 | 0 | . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ | http : / / www . balkan - archive . org . yu / politics / war in former yugoslavia ] ( pictures of the hidden side of the war that nobody wants to show , etc . ) * [ | http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] | |
| 29417166 | 0 | . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ | http : / / www . balkan - archive . org . yu / politics / war in former yugoslavia ] ( pictures of the hidden side of the war that nobody wants to show , etc . ) * [ | http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe | |
| 41324520 | 0 | ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] - ' ' bosnia - a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = | * gil - white , francisco . : [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] historical and investigative research , 2005 . | * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ | |
| 41776346 | 2 | / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] historical and investigative research , 2005 | francisco gil - white | . * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * | |
| 3 | in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] | * [ | http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] | ||
| 4 | ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] - ' ' bosnia - a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = | * gil - white , francisco . : [ | http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo | ||
| 43983539 | 0 | , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white . * [ | http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / ihralija1 . htm what really happened in bosnia ? ] | * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . | |
| 1 | family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] | * [ | http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search | ||
| 44050992 | 0 | francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / ihralija1 . htm what really happened in bosnia ? ] * [ | http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / kosovo . htm the serbs were not oppressing the albanians ] | * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . | |
| 1 | family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] | * [ | http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search | ||
| 44099373 | 0 | , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white . * [ | http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / ihralija1 . htm what really happened in bosnia ? ] | * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / kosovo . htm the serbs were not oppressing the albanians ] * [ http : / / | |
| 1 | francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / ihralija1 . htm what really happened in bosnia ? ] * [ | http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / kosovo . htm the serbs were not oppressing the albanians ] | * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ | ||
| 2 | in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] | * [ | http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / | ||
| 3 | family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] | * [ | http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search | ||
| 44309697 | 8 | of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav wars | wars of yugoslav succession ]] * [[ alexander , crown prince of yugoslavia ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} | - | – | [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] - ' |
| 44514555 | 0 | note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ | http : / / wwww . southslavs . com the origin of the south slavs ] | * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ | |
| 1 | family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] | * [ | http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search | ||
| 44939490 | 0 | crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ | http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / kosovo . htm " the serbs were not oppressing the kosovo albanians " ] * [ | http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / ihralija1 . htm " what really happened in bosnia ? " ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ | |
| 47561201 | 0 | ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . southslavs . com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ | http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard media view of what happened in yugoslavia ] from emperor ' s clothes | * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ | |
| 1 | family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] | * [ | http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search | ||
| 49792052 | 1 | family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] | * [ | http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search | |
| 50040357 | 0 | note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ | http : / / www . southslavs . com the origin of the south slavs ] | * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard media view of what happened in yugoslavia | |
| 1 | family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] | * [ | http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search | ||
| 65111870 | 3 | un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . | [ | < ref > {{ cite web | url = | http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs |
| 70597055 | 0 | tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard media view of what happened in yugoslavia ] from emperor ' s clothes * [ | http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milošević ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white . | * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ | |
| 1 | search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] | * [ | http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm | ||
| 104931749 | 0 | * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ | http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net – covering wars in former yugoslavia ] | * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com | |
| 1 | search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] | * [ | http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm | ||
| 118201560 | 0 | guides , london , 2006 * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x | * | * [ | http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html , monday , dec . 04 |
| 124198398 | 0 | loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = external links = = * [ | http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard media view of what happened in yugoslavia ] from emperor ' s clothes | * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ | |
| 1 | search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] | * [ | http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm | ||
| 158100448 | 0 | crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ | http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf yugoslavia , the outworn structure ( cia report from november 1970 ) ] * [ | http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm | |
| 158105237 | 4 | : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf yugoslavia , the outworn structure ( cia report from november 1970 | ) | ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / | |
| 194224849 | 0 | = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] | this is soo stupid because it is not true because you can edit it muahahahahaha ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! | * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com | |
| 194224860 | 0 | = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] | this is soo stupid because it is not true because you can edit it muahahahahaha ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! | * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com | |
| 216850189 | 17 | , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 | ]] | * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html new power ] * | |
| 24 | www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( cia ) report from november 1970 | ]] | ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / | ||
| 219529741 | 19 | ]] * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , [[ 2006 | ]] | * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' | |
| 347244560 | 1 | reflist | colwidth = 30em }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] | = = = notes = = = | [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b | |
| 3 | footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the < ref ( erences / ) > tags --> {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} * {{ loc }} | – | [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b | ||
| 369822130 | 0 | / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} | {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} | * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject | |
| 394554278 | 1 | serbs ]] , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . | name = " | http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > after the rise of [[ communism | |
| 8 | applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . | < ref > | http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / | ||
| 400599300 | 69 | 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} * [ | http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] | * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www | |
| 70 | / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ | http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] | * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ | ||
| 71 | = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] * [ | http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] | * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 | ||
| 72 | . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc | news | ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " | ||
| 73 | / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] | * [ | http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west | ||
| 74 | ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . | * [ | http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia | ||
| 77 | . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] | * | the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ category | ||
| 78 | . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the | [ | http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ||
| 449175905 | 0 | = 20 july 2009 }} < / ref > on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s independence was not illegal . < ref > {{ cite | web | news | | url = http : / / www . bbc . co . uk / news / world - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says |
| 468701811 | 29 | july 2009 }} < / ref > on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s independence was not illegal . < ref > {{ cite web | | title = former yugoslavia patches itself together : entering the yugosphere | publisher = [[ the economist ]] | date = 2009 - 08 - 20 | | url = http : / / www . bbc . co . uk / news / world - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un | |
| 477414777 | 0 | * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ | http : / / repository . library . georgetown . edu / handle / 10822 / 552526 video on the conflict in the former yugoslavia ] from the [ https : / / repository . library . georgetown . edu / handle / 10822 / 552494 / browse ? type = title dean peter krogh foreign affairs digital archives ] | * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 | |
| 1 | . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " [[ cia ]] report from november 1970 ] | * [ | http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay the collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} {{ coord | | ||
| 478217075 | 24 | influence . < ref > {{ cite web | title = former yugoslavia patches itself together : entering the yugosphere | publisher = [[ the economist ]] | date = 2009 | - 08 - 20 | | url = http : / / www . economist . com / node / 14258861 | accessdate = 2011 - 11 - 11 }} < / ref > < ref | |
| 504980118 | 0 | time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} {{ wikiquote | yugoslavia }} {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} | {{ eb1922 poster }} | * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www | |
| 537097237 | 4 | former republics . the united nations also [[ united nations security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . < ref | > {{ cite book | url | name | = http : / / www . mpil . de / shared / data / pdf / pdfmpunyb / wood _ 1 . pdf | title = max planck yearbook of |
| 551604287 | 0 | simon & schuster | isbn = 0 - 684 - 84441 - 9 | year = 1996 | page = 260 }} < / ref > < ref > {{ cite | web | news | | url = http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / 2 / hi / special _ report / 1998 / kosovo / 110492 . stm | |
| 1 | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on 6 april 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . | < ref > | < ref > [ | http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 | |
| 3 | serious threat to the post - war communist government ' s policies on national unity and state structure . < ref name = " atheism . about . com " > | {{ cite web | url = | http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > after the rise of communism , | ||
| 585520810 | 0 | ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} {{ wikiquote | yugoslavia }} {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} {{ eb1922 poster }} | * {{ wikiatlas | yugoslavia }} | * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www | |
| 715895448 | 4 | serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris . | < ref > | http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the country was named after the [[ south slavs | | |
| 730832904 | 0 | links = = {{ commons category | yugoslavia }} {{ wikiquote | yugoslavia }} {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} {{ eb1922 poster }} * {{ wikiatlas | yugoslavia }} * [ | http : / / web . archive . org / web / 20120212164932 / | http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * {{ cite americana | wstitle = jugoslavia | author = milivoy s | |
| 792851831 | 0 | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on 6 april 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . | < ref > [ | < ref > | http : / / arquivo . pt / wayback / 20091015085557 / http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in |
| 2 | , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans – in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 | * [ | http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new | ||
| 810322391 | 0 | decided to attack yugoslavia on 6 april 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > | {{ cite web | url = | http : / / arquivo . pt / wayback / 20091015085557 / http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in | |
| 818985113 | 5 | * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ | https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20121215042159 / | http : / / repository . library . georgetown . edu / handle / 10822 / 552526 video on the conflict in the former yugoslavia ] from the [ https : | |
| 851798527 | 0 | , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * [ | https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20060627040113 / | http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia | |
| 853814420 | 2 | go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc ] * [ | https : / / archive . is / 20121209054358 / | http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west |
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| 298091 | 12 | currently officially recognised by the [[ united states ]] . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / b > yu | < i > from the [[ cia world factbook ]] 2000 . not wikified . < / i > * [[ / history | history ]] * [[ / geography | geography ]] * [[ / people | people ]] * [[ / government | government ]] * [[ / economy | economy ]] * [[ / communications | communications ]] * [[ / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ / military | military ]] * [[ / transnational issues | transnational issues ]] | ||
| 20114 | 1 | in 2000 ( or was it 2001 ? ) . < i > from the [[ cia world factbook ]] 2000 . not wikified . < / i > * [[ | yugoslavia | / history | history ]] * [[ / geography | geography ]] * [[ / people | people ]] * [[ / government | government ]] * [[ / economy | | |
| 34484 | 5 | | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / b > yu | during most | of the 20th century , a number of states in the balkan was unified under the name of the socialist federal republic of [[ yugoslavia ]] . all of them but | |
| 202246 | 0 | level domain ) : < / b > yu < i > from the [[ cia world factbook ]] 2000 , with some wikification : < / i > * [[ | history of | yugoslavia / history | history ]] * [[ yugoslavia / geography | geography ]] * [[ yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * | |
| 458439 | 0 | ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > | the flag is wrong . thats not right . it should have a star in the middle . tisk tisk . | the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs | |
| 544511 | 0 | ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > | the flag is wrong . thats not right . it should have a star in the middle . tisk tisk . | the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs | |
| 642225 | 0 | ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > | until 4th february , 2003 | the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs | |
| 689653 | 0 | [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > until | 4th | [[ | february , 2003 the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' has been a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the |
| 1 | : yougoslavie ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > until 4th february | 4 ]] | , 2003 the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' has been a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ | ||
| 904667 | 8 | > < td > < i > fig . 1 - map of yugoslavia < / i > < / tr > < / td > < / table > the | [[ | united nations , and many individual states ( including the [[ united states ]] ) refused to recognise the remaining confederation of serbia and montenegro as the continuation of the socialist | |
| 1212343 | 2 | pl : jugos % b3awia ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > | until [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] | the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' existed as a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] . yugoslavia formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom | |
| 1298298 | 21 | two states is called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / b > yu | < i > from the [[ cia world factbook ]] 2000 , with some wikification : < / i > | = = related articles = = | * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] * [[ geography of yugoslavia ]] * [[ demographics of yugoslavia ]] * [[ politics of yugoslavia ]] * [[ economy of yugoslavia ]] * |
| 23 | yugoslavia . - - - - < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > | the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' existed as a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] from [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] to [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . | yugoslavia formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " in [[ 1929 ]] . after | ||
| 54959737 | 0 | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . < big > kayla cronenbold says , " hello . " < / big > | < big > oh wow ! < / big > | = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the | |
| 65111870 | 2 | into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | 77 % ]] | of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , | < / ref > | ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little |
| 157503671 | 4 | . < ref > [ http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm ] < / ref > | connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post - war communist government ' s policies on national unity and state structure . after the rise of communism , | a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the population of yugoslavia considered themselves religious believers . the places of highest religious concentration were that of kosovo | |
| 160654974 | 0 | at first signs of the soviet and vmo liberation of yugoslavia < ref > the ss , hitler ' s instrument of terror . gordon williamson < / ref > . | by the end of the april 1941 , [[ independent state of croatia ]] has been created , as a chief [[ nazi ]] sattelite in the region . it has aquired [[ fascist ]] racial policy , declaring [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma ]] the enemies of the state , in what was to become the begginning of the [[ genocide | jasenovac concetration camp ]] < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / < / ref > has been established , the largest of its kind anywhere in [[ southern europe ]] . between 300 , 000 and 700 , 000 people have perished in this [[ genocide | jasenovac concentration camp ]] ( supervised directly by the [[ croatian ]] wartime politicians such as [[ ante pavelic ]] ) ; the victims were overwhelmingly of [[ serbs | serbian origin ]] , but also 40 , 000 [[ roma ]] and 32 , 000 [[ jews ]] , ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jewishvirtuallibrary . org / jsource / holocaust / jasenovac . html < / ref > . | = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movement | |
| 162279606 | 0 | ref > . [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / < / ref > | has been | was | established , the largest of its kind anywhere in [[ southern europe ]] . between 300 , 000 and 700 , 000 people have perished in this [[ genocide | jasenovac |
| 165059312 | 8 | org / < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jewishvirtuallibrary . org / jsource / holocaust / jasenovac . html < / ref > . | < ref > http : / / www . vrisak . info / index . php ? option = com _ content & task = view & id = 1910 & itemid = 2 < ref > http : / / library . foi . hr / m3 / jrez . asp ? nema = i & b = 0 & n = 50 & v = & j = & k = u & o = & s = & upit = 940 . 547 . 2 & scrollaction = stranica + 2 | = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance | |
| 165061331 | 1 | . [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / < / ref > was established | , the largest of its kind anywhere in [[ southern europe ]] | . immediate post - war propaganda claimed that between 300 , 000 and 700 , 000 people perished in this [[ genocide | jasenovac concentration camp ]] ( supervised directly by | |
| 165061529 | 0 | [[ jasenovac concentration camp modelled on similar institutions elsewhere ] < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . | [[ | jasenovac concentration camp ]] < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / < / ref > was established . immediate | |
| 165062781 | 8 | < / ref > . jasenovac concentration camp < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / < / ref > | was | established . immediate post - war propaganda claimed that between 300 , 000 and 700 , 000 people perished in this [[ genocide | jasenovac concentration camp ]] ( supervised directly | |
| 171642391 | 1 | & v = & j = & k = u & o = & s = & upit = 940 . 547 . 2 & scrollaction = stranica + 2 < | / ref > | = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] | |
| 177756970 | 5 | ( now podgorica ) , # socialist republic of [[ serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . | [[ | socialist autonomous district of [[ kosovo ]] and metohija , with the capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . socialist autonomous province of [[ vojvodina ]] , | |
| 7 | contained : < br / > 5a . socialist autonomous district of [[ kosovo ]] and metohija , with the capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . | [[ | socialist autonomous province of [[ vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # socialist republic of [[ slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] | ||
| 197533834 | 0 | , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > | = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} ign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir zerjavic ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by the [[ united nations ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew ]] ish and [[ roma people | roma ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaborationism | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nov organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . | = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = [[ image : liberationofbelgrademedal . jpg | 110px | left | thumb | c70 , 000 soviet and allied personnel were | |
| 197533958 | 0 | , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > | = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslav ' s opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , serb royalist guerrilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( ' ' narodno oslobodilačka vojska ' ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a croatian national . chetniks were allies of united states in europe and they saved over 150 american pilots during operation : " vazdušni most " . the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir zerjavic ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by the [[ united nations ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew ]] ish and [[ roma people | roma ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaborationism | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nov organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . | = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = [[ image : liberationofbelgrademedal . jpg | 110px | left | thumb | c70 , 000 soviet and allied personnel were | |
| 206802676 | 14 | 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbo - croatian and slovene ( latin only ) : kraljevina jugoslavija / краљевина југославија ; | macedonian | : кралство југославија . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal | |
| 210767374 | 6 | of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of vojvodina . svg | autonomous province of vojvodina < / gallery > | < / gallery > | = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of | |
| 210773864 | 10 | ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flag of former sfr yugoslavia " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia < / gallery > | < gallery caption = " flags of the currently | recognized countries " > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo | |
| 241098556 | 2 | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > | 5a . | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] and metohija , with the capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , | |
| 241192200 | 0 | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > | 5a . | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] < br / > 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ | |
| 1 | of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] < br / > | 5a | 5b | . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana | |
| 241485481 | 0 | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > | 5a . | 5a . | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] < br / > 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ |
| 257724941 | 2 | center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / gallery > | < / center > | = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of | |
| 259240376 | 0 | of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < | cente | | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of | |
| 262054633 | 3 | of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ | image | file | : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in |
| 262829971 | 0 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for | |
| 262830591 | 0 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for | |
| 262867230 | 0 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | [[ kosovo ]] ( disputed , not recognized by all nations . ) | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for | |
| 262867708 | 0 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | } | | - | * kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union |
| 262867833 | 0 | < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } | * kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union | |
| 262867974 | 0 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - } | | } | * kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union |
| 266845832 | 0 | , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > | = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which | yogoslavia | was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] |
| 266846137 | 0 | , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > | yogoslavia | = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which | was fun = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag |
| 269117592 | 0 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } | < nowiki > | * kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union | |
| 269117639 | 0 | < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } < nowiki > * | < / nowiki > | kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] < / nowiki > the first former yugoslav republic to join the | |
| 275241659 | 0 | / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > | . montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 . | the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various | |
| 1 | www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > the remaining | four | three | republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] | |
| 278537504 | 1 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 278544650 | 1 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 286478601 | 1 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 286479250 | 1 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 288091985 | 0 | | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | | [[ kosovo * ]] | | [[ kosovo ]] * | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | |
| 288092134 | 0 | | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | | [[ kosovo ]] * | | [[ kosovo ]] | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | |
| 289405796 | 0 | | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | | [[ kosovo ]] * | | [[ kosovo ]] | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | |
| 1 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] . | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | ||
| 291412855 | 1 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for | |
| 294275487 | 1 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for | |
| 294280182 | 1 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for | |
| 294603647 | 1 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for | |
| 294877361 | 3 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for | |
| 294982512 | 1 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for | |
| 295242064 | 1 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for | |
| 295336142 | 0 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 295336251 | 0 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 295388268 | 3 | ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | |
| 27 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | | - the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership | ||
| 295402396 | 3 | sarajevo ]] style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | |
| 28 | . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } | the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in | |
| 299963785 | 0 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > kosovo ' s [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence | independence ]] is disputed < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for | |
| 303360434 | 0 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > kosovo ' s [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence | independence ]] is disputed < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ | [ | macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag |
| 303360941 | 0 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | | [ | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > kosovo ' s [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence | independence ]] is disputed < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ | macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag |
| 309687865 | 1 | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref | > kosovo ' s [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence | label | | independence ]] is disputed < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < |
| 316222613 | 0 | | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | | - [[ kosovo ]] | | [[ kosovo ]] | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | |
| 318046156 | 25 | ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | | 1 . | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = | |
| 26 | = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | 2 | . [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag | ||
| 28 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr croatia coa . png | 40px ]] < center > | - | | 3 | . [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag | ||
| 29 | < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | 4 | . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | ||
| 30 | | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | 5 | . [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag | ||
| 31 | | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | 5a . | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag | ||
| 39 | % ; " | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 6 . | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | ||
| 340418892 | 0 | | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | style = " background : # efefef ; " | | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; | |
| 375032646 | 7 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ serbia ]] | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | | |
| 375034390 | 0 | kosovo & # 124 ; international | publisher = reuters | date = 2008 - 10 - 08 | accessdate = 2009 - 07 - 20 }} < / ref > | this process is currently ongoing | on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kososvo ' s indepedence was not illegal | . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = {{ main | yugosphere }} the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left |
| 378359503 | 3 | has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] < / ref > | . | the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various | |
| 394554278 | 9 | > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < | / ref > . | montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref | |
| 400599300 | 15 | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of | arms | file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and provinces | of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | |
| 26 | ]] | publisher = simon & schuster | isbn = 0 - 684 - 84441 - 9 | year = 1996 | page = 260 }} < / ref > ) | . | starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the next | ||
| 35 | about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = | yugoslavia during | world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting | ||
| 45 | | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | ||
| 46 | : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : sr croatia coa . png | 40px ]] < center > | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ | ||
| 47 | 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ | ||
| 48 | ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry montenegro . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ | ||
| 49 | : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ | ||
| 50 | : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } | ||
| 404799827 | 2 | order ]] | publisher = simon & schuster | isbn = 0 - 684 - 84441 - 9 | year = 1996 | page = 260 }} < / ref > | . | starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the next | |
| 404877640 | 0 | / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > montenegro | presented its official application | is [[ accession of montenegro | to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / |
| 441313646 | 81 | wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' | [[ | capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! | |
| 149 | wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' | [[ | capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > | | ||
| 466554200 | 0 | wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' | [[ | capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia | |
| 467914600 | 1 | flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | | | { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < | |
| 10 | [[ macedonia ( country ) | republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ | file : flag of the republic of macedonia 1992 - 1995 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia 1991 - 2009 . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | | ||
| 468701811 | 2 | federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' | [[ list of countries | | number ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' |
| 22 | size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia 1991 - 2009 . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % | |
| 55 | . ]] = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' | [[ list of countries | | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! | ||
| 57 | wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' | [[ | capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! | ||
| 63 | = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 22 july 2010 | publisher = bbc news | accessdate = 23 july 2010 }} < / ref > | = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = {{ main | yugosphere }} | the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of | ||
| 492545273 | 1 | = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | |
| 495585894 | 27 | - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > | = = = yugoslav people ' s | liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist | |
| 495666744 | 16 | 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > = = | = | = national liberation war = = = {{ main | national liberation war ( yugoslavia ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the | |
| 17 | . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > = = = | national | = = = yugoslav people ' s | liberation war = = = {{ main | national liberation war ( yugoslavia ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - | |
| 495668696 | 31 | - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > | = = = yugoslav people ' s | liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist | |
| 496003280 | 3 | the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] countries that emerged from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' | [[ list of countries | | name ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' | |
| 5 | : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' name ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' | [[ | capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' flag ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' | ||
| 26 | > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ kosovo ]] }} ( disputed ) < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] | style = " width : 6em | ||
| 496004184 | 0 | ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | |
| 497533808 | 2 | - succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 2012 - 06 - 14 }} < / ref > | < ref > http : / / www . jstor . org / discover / 10 . 2307 / 20694208 ? uid = 3738200 & uid = 2129 & uid = 2 & uid = 70 & uid = 4 & sid = 21100853300901 < / ref > | = = = yugosphere = = = the ' ' yugosphere ' ' is a term used to describe the present day physical areas which formed yugoslavia , as well as | |
| 500174054 | 5 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | - | [[ serbia ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | | |
| 537097237 | 11 | url = http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / | ref | > from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the united states , referred to the federal republic of yugoslavia as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref > | |
| 542254308 | 0 | ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | |
| 542256959 | 4 | arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november 2000 . < ref name = " ebrd country promotion programme " / > | ( | from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the united states , referred to the federal republic of yugoslavia as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref name = | |
| 7 | , including the united states , referred to the federal republic of yugoslavia as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref name = " serbia and montenegro " / > | the state was finally officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . | ) | in june 2006 , [[ montenegro ]] became an independent nation after the results of a [[ montenegrin independence referendum , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] , therefore rendering serbia | |
| 542265570 | 0 | of the former yugoslavia , as of 2008 }} the successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > | ' ' ' | [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < | |
| 2 | | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > | ' ' ' | [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! | ||
| 8 | ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > | ' ' ' | declared date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' official state - recognized date of independence ' ' ' < center > | ||
| 10 | arms ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' declared date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > | ' ' ' | official state - recognized date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' which date of independence is celebrated as a public holiday | ||
| 12 | ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' official state - recognized date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > | ' ' ' | which date of independence is celebrated as a public holiday ? ' ' ' < center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]] | style | ||
| 547327217 | 5 | [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; | / | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | | |
| 7 | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | | style = " width | ' ' ' | : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style | |
| 20 | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | [[ list of countries | name ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ capital city | capital ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ flag | ||
| 34 | : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | | ||
| 555747797 | 3 | the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! < center > [[ list of countries | name ]] < center > ! ! | < center > | [[ capital city | capital ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ flag ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ coat of arms ]] < | |
| 9 | capital ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ flag ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ coat of arms ]] < center > ! ! | < center > | declared date of independence < center > ! ! < center > official state - recognized date of independence < center > ! ! < center > which date of independence | ||
| 11 | ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ coat of arms ]] < center > ! ! < center > declared date of independence < center > ! ! | < center > | official state - recognized date of independence < center > ! ! < center > which date of independence is celebrated as a public holiday ? < center > | - | ||
| 13 | center > ! ! < center > declared date of independence < center > ! ! < center > official state - recognized date of independence < center > ! ! | < center > which date of independence is celebrated as a | public holiday ? < center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > | ||
| 573227240 | 0 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may | 31 | 21 | , 2006 | june 3 , 2006 | may 21 | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . |
| 578690791 | 14 | the union on 13 july 1922 . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > | conference of ambassadors in paris . | the kingdom of yugoslavia was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was | |
| 15 | union on 13 july 1922 . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the | renamed [[ | kingdom of yugoslavia was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed | ||
| 578738507 | 1 | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] < ref name = " spencer tucker 2005 " > | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) , formed in 1918 {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]] n [[ croats | croat ]] politician [[ ante trumbić ]] , lobbied the allies to support the creation of an independent south slavic state and delivered the proposal in the [[ corfu declaration ]] on 20 july 1917 . | ' ' ' cite error : the named reference spencer _ tucker _ 2005 was invoked but never defined ' ' ' < / ref > , the western border left | |
| 2 | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] < ref name = " spencer tucker 2005 " > ' ' | ' cite error | spencer tucker . | : the named reference spencer _ tucker _ 2005 was invoked but never defined ' ' ' < / ref > , the western border left a population of half a | |
| 588344999 | 1 | , social , and military history ' ' . santa barbara , california , usa : abc - clio , 2005 . pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} | as | under | the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' , was a country in the western part of [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century |
| 2 | , and military history ' ' . santa barbara , california , usa : abc - clio , 2005 . pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} as the | name of | ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' , was a country in the western part of [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century , | ||
| 8 | the conference of ambassadors in paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > | the country was named after [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] as their first union ever , after centuries - long rules of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] on these territories . | renamed [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . | ||
| 12 | . stm | title = history , bloody history | publisher = bbc news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > | [[ breakup | of world war ii . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country were [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina | sr bosnia | ||
| 24 | http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > | from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the [[ united | montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent | states ]] , referred to the fry as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref name = " serbia and montenegro " > 1999 [[ cia ]] [[ world factbook | |
| 36 | . stm | title = history , bloody history | publisher = bbc news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > | starting in 1991 , | yugoslavia disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . one of the successor states was also known as the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) until 2003 . | ||
| 38 | , including the [[ united states ]] , referred to the fry as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref name = " serbia and montenegro " > 1999 [[ | cia ]] [[ world factbook ]] : [ http : / / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > the federal | republic of yugoslavia was officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . in june 2006 , [[ montenegro ]] became an independent nation after the results of a [[ | ||
| 607836587 | 0 | | title = history , bloody history | publisher = bbc news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > after an | economical | economic | and political crisis in 1980s and rise of nationalism , yugoslavia [[ breakup of yugoslavia | broke up ]] along republic borders , at first into five countries , leading to |
| 610895932 | 2 | - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > | = = = national liberation war = = = {{ main | national liberation war ( yugoslavia ) }} | from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] , with the former | |
| 616725219 | 1 | ' ' the rape of serbia : the british role in tito ' s grab for power , 1943 - 1944 ' ' ( 1990 ) . < / ref > | < ref > {{ cite book | author1 = james r . arnold | author2 = roberta wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xrd6y - oifpac & pg = pa216 | date = january 2012 | publisher = abc - clio | page = 216 }} < / ref > | the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during world war ii is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data | |
| 616726337 | 2 | < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } | tito ' s regional goal was to expand south and take control of albania and parts of greece | { | class = " wikitable " | - ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! | |
| 622094154 | 0 | = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | 1 | march 1 , 1992 | april 6 , 1992 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | march 1 | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | | |
| 3 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | | 25 | june 25 , 1991 | october 8 , 1991 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 25 | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] | | ||
| 13 | | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | 21 | may 21 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 3 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | may 21 | - | | ||
| 16 | | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | 22 | may 22 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 5 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 15 | - | | ||
| 19 | | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | 25 | june 25 , 1991 | july 7 , 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | june 25 | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 | ||
| 29 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february | ||
| 30 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | february | 17 , | 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 17 | - | ||
| 34 | | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | | | september 8 , 1991 | april 8 , 1993 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | september 8 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | | ||
| 702550312 | 9 | , the powers and eastern europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in | ' ' ' | [[ italy ]] . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene | |
| 702589142 | 9 | , the powers and eastern europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in | ' ' ' | [[ italy ]] ' ' ' . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene | |
| 734265701 | 0 | central government under the control of the communist party , and on recognition of the multiple nationalities . < ref name = " books . google . com " / > | {{ clear }} | { | class = " wikitable " | - ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! | |
| 743994431 | 0 | economy . from 1500 to the present . | date = 2016 | publisher = cambridge university press | page = 64 | isbn = 9781107507180 }} < / ref > | at the same time , western economies went into recession , decreasing demand for yugoslavian imports , creating a large debt problem . | in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of | |
| 772785812 | 0 | ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 17 february 2008 }} | not a member < br / > | < small > | ( status disputed ) | {{ dts | 17 february }} | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align = right | |
| 778243092 | 0 | = max planck yearbook of united nations law | chapter = participation of former yugoslav states in the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > | eventually | in 2000 , milosevic was trailed for the atrocities he committed and partook in during his ten year ruling in serbia and the yugoslavia war . < ref name = " : 0 " / > eventually | , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country dropped those aspirations , accepted the opinion of the [[ |
| 794643300 | 3 | 2000 , milosevic was prosecuted for atrocities committed in his ten - year rule in serbia and the yugoslavia war . < ref name = " : 0 " / > | eventually | & nbsp ; eventually | , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country dropped those aspirations , accepted the opinion of the [[ |
| 819801357 | 0 | - succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 14 june 2012 }} < / ref > < ref | name = " successor agreement " | > {{ cite web | url = https : / / www . jstor . org / discover / 10 . 2307 / 20694208 ? uid = 3738200 & uid = | |
| 819802470 | 9 | ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 5 june 2006 }} < ref name = " jurist " > | {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . jurist . org / thisday / 2011 / 06 / serbia - declared - independence . php | title = serbia declared independence | publisher = jurist | | < small > | date = 5 june 2011 | accessdate = 18 june 2017 }} < / ref > | {{ dts | 01 11 2000 }} < br > < small > ( |
| 11 | | date = 5 june 2011 | accessdate = 18 june 2017 }} < / ref > | {{ dts | 01 11 2000 }} < br > < small > | ( as fr yugoslavia , | membership succeeded by serbia on {{ dts | 3 june 2006 }} ) | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | [[ file : flag of croatia . | ||
| 819821056 | 5 | [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ | socialist | }} | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of |
| 819821999 | 2 | pa26 | year = 2004 | publisher = multilingual matters | isbn = 978 - 1 - 85359 - 732 - 9 | pages = 26 }} < / ref > | < br / > ' ' ' 1945 - 1992 : ' ' ' < br / > [[ serbo - croatian ]] < br / > [[ slovene language | slovene ]] < br / > [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | | government _ type = [[ constitutional monarchy ]] < br / > {{ small | ( 1918 – 1929 ; 1931 – 1945 ) }} < br > [[ absolute | |
| 820178112 | 0 | / > југославија | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / > 1943 | - | / 45 – | 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia {{ ! }} serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = state |
| 820178151 | 0 | / > југославија | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / > 1943 | / 45 | – 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia {{ ! }} serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = | |
| 841673571 | 0 | arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november 2000 . < ref name = " ebrd country promotion programme " / > | ( | from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the united states , had referred to the fry as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' . < ref name = | |
| 1 | factbook ]] : [ http : / / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > | ) | in april 2001 , the five successor states extant at the time drafted an agreement on succession issues , signing the agreement in june 2001 . < ref > {{ cite | ||
| 846351997 | 0 | factbook ]] : [ http : / / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > | as they viewed its claim to yugoslavia ' s successorship as illegitimate | . < ref name = " serbia and montenegro " > 1999 [[ cia ]] [[ world factbook ]] : [ http : / / www . umsl . edu / | |
| 4 | - succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 14 june 2012 }} < / ref > < ref | name = " successor agreement " | > {{ cite web | url = https : / / www . jstor . org / discover / 10 . 2307 / 20694208 ? uid = 3738200 & uid = | ||
| 847189388 | 0 | = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / > 1945 – 1992 | < br / > {{ nowrap | | status = [[ yugoslav government - in - exile | government - in - exile ]] ( 1941 – 1945 ) | p1 = kingdom of serbia | flag _ | |
| 848178566 | 0 | = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / > 1945 – 1992 | < br / > {{ nowrap | | status = [[ yugoslav government - in - exile | government - in - exile ]] ( 1941 – 1945 ) | p1 = kingdom of serbia | flag _ | |
| 857748479 | 3 | : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( 1918 – 1941 ) < br / > bottom : | flag | / small > < | ( 1945 – 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] |
| 8 | rusyn language | pannonian rusyn ]] : {{ lang | rue | югославия }} , < small > [[ transcription ( linguistics ) | transcr . ]] < / small > | ' ' | {{ transl | rue | | juhoslavija ' ' ) < ref group = note > {{ lang - sq | jugosllavia }} ; {{ lang - hu | jugoszlávia }} ; {{ lang - sk | | |
| 9 | pannonian rusyn ]] : {{ lang | rue | югославия }} , < small > [[ transcription ( linguistics ) | transcr . ]] < / small > ' ' juhoslavija | ' ' | }} | ) < ref group = note > {{ lang - sq | jugosllavia }} ; {{ lang - hu | jugoszlávia }} ; {{ lang - sk | juhoslávia }} ; |
| left_string | del_string | ins_string | right_string | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 802239 | 1 | . in [[ 2002 ]] , serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued cooperation , which , among other changes , promised the end of yugoslavia . on | 4th | february , 2003 the federal parliament of yugoslavia dissolved the country and agreed to create a loose commonwealth of the remaining two states within a union . the new union of | |||
| 904667 | 10 | [[ 2002 ]] , serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued co - operation , which , among other changes , promised the end of yugoslavia . on | [[ | february 4 , 2003 the federal parliament of yugoslavia dissolved the country and agreed to create a loose [[ commonwealth ]] of the remaining two states within a union . the | |||
| 904670 | 0 | [[ 2002 ]] , serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued co - operation , which , among other changes , promised the end of yugoslavia . on | [[ | february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] the federal parliament of yugoslavia dissolved the country and agreed to create a loose [[ commonwealth ]] of the remaining two states within a | |||
| 926333 | 0 | ]] , ( [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | petar ii karad & # 382 ; ord & # 382 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] was the last king ) | established | on established [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist | |||
| 1 | , ( [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | petar ii karad & # 382 ; ord & # 382 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] was the last king ) on | established | [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries , | ||||
| 8640530 | 1 | ' s people organized the abolition of the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and kosovo , though peculiarly enough both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . | [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; promoted serb nationalism , which led to the breakup of the federation . ]] | in january [[ 1990 ]] , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the delegation of serbia led by milo & # | |||
| 8778698 | 6 | to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; | ' s people organized the abolition of the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and kosovo , though peculiarly enough both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; promoted serb nationalism , which led to the breakup of the federation . | ]] in january [[ 1990 ]] , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the delegation of serbia led by milo & | |||
| 9341977 | 1 | partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - subasic | agreement | tito - & # 352 ; uba & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; | agreement ]] in june [[ 1944 ]] , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ | |||
| 10662657 | 5 | [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | peter ]] as the new king . apparently this defiance infuriated [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] , so the axis decided to attack both yugoslavia | and greece | on [[ april 6 ]] . ( as a result , hitler had to delay the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] by four weeks , which proved to be a | |||
| 12429233 | 0 | december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . | this superstate was designed by the allies as a way to counter axis revisionism . however , it created new divisions . [[ bulgarian ]] - populated [[ vardar macedonia ]] and the [[ western bulgarian fringe ]] were ceded to the belgrade authorities without consulting the local population . as a consequence , the ethnic bulgarians were subjected to [[ ethnic cleansing ]] . | on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament ( ' | |||
| 12432682 | 2 | december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . | this superstate was designed by the allies as a way to counter axis revisionism . however , it created new divisions . [[ bulgarian ]] - populated [[ vardar macedonia ]] and the [[ western bulgarian fringe ]] were ceded to the belgrade authorities without consulting the local population . as a consequence , the ethnic bulgarians were subjected to [[ ethnic cleansing ]] . | on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament ( ' | |||
| 22506688 | 5 | of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | officially ceased to exist on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed . other dates that are frequently considered as the end of sfry are | * | [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ moratorium ]] on | ||
| 6 | ) was formed . other dates that are frequently considered as the end of sfry are [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence | , | july 9 ]] th | [[ october 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ moratorium ]] on slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed | |||
| 8 | slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed entry at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by representatives of all republics , was ended | and | * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) | [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in [[ 1995 ]] | |||
| 22785116 | 18 | partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - | & # 352 ; uba & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; | šubašić | agreement ]] in june [[ 1944 ]] , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ | ||
| 22 | | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; | milošević | ]] in january [[ 1990 ]] , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milo & | |||
| 25683386 | 2 | 2001 ]] , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ | 6th | february ]] [[ 2003 ]] . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | | |||
| 27670102 | 4 | yugoslav people ' s army ]] maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . in | late | on | june , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia , but the international community pressured them to place a three - month [[ moratorium | ||
| 29218853 | 0 | ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . | in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards [[ bosnia ]] . | on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]] . | |||
| 31961080 | 59 | s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . on [[ saturday | ]] | , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges | |||
| 33684647 | 1 | 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulated only 11 days after , stopped | exist | existing | [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , 1945 | ||
| 33684753 | 0 | 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulated only 11 days after , it | stopped existing | ceased to exist | [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , 1945 | ||
| 33738425 | 0 | december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . | in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as possible was a priority . disagreements over whether the new state should be a federation or a centralised state were put off for later . | on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament ( ' | |||
| 34241700 | 2 | peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum | on independence | which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . | on [[ 1 march ]] [[ 1992 ]] . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | | ||
| 36661482 | 1 | when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended | and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) | * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) | |||
| 42217788 | 19 | in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' . this remained in place until | 1992 , | [[ january 15 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and | |||
| 43290325 | 1 | | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in 1980 . ]] | --> | on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of | |||
| 43292447 | 1 | | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in 1980 . ]] | --> | on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of | |||
| 46021189 | 0 | croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * | [[ | april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) i like dick = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | | |||
| 46462154 | 0 | ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' | in | on | [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers | ||
| 46462185 | 0 | named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded | in | on | [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , [[ | ||
| 47183247 | 4 | history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) - - [[ user : 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 | 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 ]] 01 : | 16 | / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians | , 6 april 2006 ( utc ) poop | ||
| 49148733 | 0 | federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and | in | then the | [[ april 7 ]] republics - [[ slovenia | s . r . slovenia ]] , [[ croatia | s . r . croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | | ||
| 49267272 | 17 | milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed suit . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . | for the most time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia | in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on the | |||
| 30 | loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the | same country . | ammunition and | on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets | |||
| 38 | had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions fought the forces of the republic of croatia with the aid of the yugoslav army . | in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting the serbs from new croatian army disguised as police force . | in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . | ||||
| 51123816 | 31 | hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as possible was a priority . disagreements over whether the new state should be a federation or a centralised state were | put off for later | named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatordhip was further to alienate the non - serbs of the kingdom . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . the international political scene in the late 1930 ' s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the totalitarian regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i is was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength | . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament ( | ||
| 32 | the new state as soon as possible was a priority . disagreements over whether the new state should be a federation or a centralised state were put off for later . | supported and pressured by fascist italy and nazi germany , croatian leader vlatko macek and his party managed the creation of the croatian banovina ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia were to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . | on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament ( ' | ||||
| 53085765 | 3 | was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant party prepared a draft constitution for a neutral peasant republic of croatia . anyway constitution was | passed by | voted on 28 june 1921 with the help of some minor parties including yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was | |||
| 53107753 | 0 | to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant party prepared a draft constitution for a neutral peasant republic of croatia . the constitution was passed by | voted | vote | on 28 june 1921 with the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was | ||
| 55148070 | 0 | in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized | * [[ april 6 ]] , 1992 , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries | * [[ april 28 ]] , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | | |||
| 55551683 | 0 | abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of | [[ 22 | may 22 , 2006 montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . = = origins = = during the early period of the world | |||
| 56642958 | 0 | when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of [[ | may | 22 may ]] , 2006 montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . = = ' ' ' background ' ' ' = = | |||
| 3 | " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . however , during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on | [[ | 20 july a declaration that laid foundation of the post - war state was issused . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by | ||||
| 5 | and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karadjordjević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on | [[ | 6 october 1918 . on 29 october , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new state of the slovenes , croats and serbs . | ||||
| 11 | s army ]] ( jna ) maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on | [[ | june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav | ||||
| 15 | . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following day ( | [[ | june 26 ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in | ||||
| 23 | now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on | [[ | may 21 , 2006 , 86 percent of eligible montenegran voters turned out for a special referrundum on the independence of the montenagran republic from federal union with serbia . they | ||||
| 56779575 | 0 | be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . | as of | * on | [[ may 22 ]] [[ 2006 ]] montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history | ||
| 59612233 | 3 | name until it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist | on | [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . # the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' was a [[ socialist | |||
| 10 | , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was re - named | the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' | on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis | ||||
| 63327901 | 40 | croats , the slovenes in the austro - hungarian empire had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to belgrade . during the 1920s , | serbo - croat wrangle continued | the tensions between the croats , who harboured grievances against the serbs , | and on 20 june 1928 , after months of rows and even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić , a montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and | ||
| 41 | austro - hungarian empire had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to belgrade . during the 1920s , serbo - croat wrangle continued and | serbs started increasing and culminated | on 20 june 1928 , after months of rows and even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić , a montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot | ||||
| 42 | - hungarian empire had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to belgrade . during the 1920s , serbo - croat wrangle continued and on | 20 | [[ | june 1928 , after months of rows and even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić , a montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats | |||
| 63330276 | 5 | decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = ' ' main article : ' ' [[ yugoslavia during world war ii ]] at 05 : 15 | a . m . | on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria | |||
| 44 | yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in | [[ | may 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ | ||||
| 63335954 | 0 | western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . | [[ image : tito . jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of [[ 1942 ]] ]] | on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja | |||
| 63517403 | 13 | ) , with one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society . | = = = the government = = = | on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] | |||
| 79093500 | 0 | " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed | in | on | [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was re - | ||
| 83862003 | 34 | the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . after a successful referendum in the republic , montenegro officially | declared its independence | abolished the name " yugoslavia . " | on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on [[ june 5 ]] , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . | ||
| 35 | state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . after a successful referendum in the republic , montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] | , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on | and | [[ june 5 ]] , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = the idea | |||
| 84299894 | 4 | the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on | when | [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " | |||
| 84305972 | 6 | two remaining how republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on | when | [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " | |||
| 85267250 | 0 | london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on | cheezy penis | [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of | |||
| 85267502 | 1 | london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on | cheezy penis | [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of | |||
| 86957387 | 0 | a state for south slavs = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] , a | product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . during the early period of the world war i ( which started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed | hjfjhgjfgfhnhfdfghgopjg7uretijrtyjpr9rtjmh4rhthnfmrytghnmryhoigmtnfetewiojkthjgfgghghhytjhtjjhkyujformed | on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because | ||
| 86957428 | 0 | a state for south slavs = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] , a | hjfjhgjfgfhnhfdfghgopjg7uretijrtyjpr9rtjmh4rhthnfmrytghnmryhoigmtnfetewiojkthjgfgghghhytjhtjjhkyujformed | product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . during the early period of the world war i ( which started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed | on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because | ||
| 87847188 | 26 | and the downfall of [[ austria - hungary ]] and the [[ ottoman empire ]] , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in | [[ | december ]] [[ 1918 ]] . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million were [[ serbs ]] ( 38 . 8 % ) and 2 | |||
| 29 | ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in | [[ | november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main serbian parties . [[ communism | communists ]] came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly formed government | ||||
| 39 | the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . [[ image : tito . jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of [[ 1942 | ]] | ]] on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog | ||||
| 44 | [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in | [[ | may ]] 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces | ||||
| 91986037 | 41 | prime minister of serbia ) seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . = = = corfu agreement = = = | however , | during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation of the post - | |||
| 92027256 | 10 | of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . | the [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed | on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . | |||
| 94995394 | 3 | while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . [[ image : tito . jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of 1942 | . | ]] on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog | |||
| 4 | article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces | . | ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic | ||||
| 5 | government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] celebration | . | ]] on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito | ||||
| 102647538 | 0 | remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . these states are signatiories of various partnership agreements with the european union . | from | since | [[ january 1 ]] [[ 2007 ]] they will be encircled by member - states of eu . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' | ||
| 102668208 | 0 | under the serbian flag . = = = corfu agreement = = = during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on | [[ | 20 july ]] a declaration that laid the foundation for the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the | |||
| 105959469 | 1 | slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was | invaded | pooped | on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | ||
| 105959810 | 1 | slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was | pooped | invaded | on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the fartnoxers [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' | ||
| 107938591 | 0 | at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ | 1 | december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia | |||
| 1 | ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ | 6 | january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis | ||||
| 2 | [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ | 6 | april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ november | ||||
| 3 | [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ | 29 | november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom | ||||
| 4 | ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] | & ndash ; | - | [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the | |||
| 5 | axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ | 25 | june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " | ||||
| 6 | [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] celebration . ]] on [[ | 7 | april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named | ||||
| 7 | crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ unreferenced | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ | 4 | may 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of | ||||
| 25 | while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . [[ image : tito . jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of 1942 | . | ]] on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog | ||||
| 108337095 | 1 | = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] celebration ]] | --> | on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was | |||
| 111867936 | 4 | obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they | were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities | could get free porn | . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving | ||
| 118460782 | 0 | in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized | by most european countries | * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 | |||
| 128720324 | 2 | 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] [[ 1943 ]] | - | & ndash ; | [[ 25 june ]] [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " | ||
| 135155283 | 11 | they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . | serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes , hinting at the fascist quisling croatian state from the ii . ww and to legitimise serbian uprisings in croatia . | in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving it | |||
| 138330637 | 0 | july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) | * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when fyr macedonia declared indepedence | * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , | |||
| 146990779 | 0 | croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when macedonia declared | indepedence | independence | * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , | ||
| 154376312 | 0 | while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . [[ image : tito . jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of 1942 | . {{ deletable image - caption }} | ]] on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog | |||
| 158105237 | 3 | ] * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf yugoslavia , the outworn structure ( cia | ) | report from november 1970 ) ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi | |||
| 158680696 | 2 | s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes , hinting at the fascist quisling croatian state from the ii . | ww and to legitimise serbian uprisings in croatia . | in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving it | |||
| 163849431 | 2 | ]] , [[ 2003 ]] state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] after refferendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their | indipendences | independences | * [[ december ]] , [[ 2006 ]] - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . = = federal republic of yugoslavia | ||
| 168734899 | 9 | ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) * | [[ | november ]] , [[ 1995 ]] , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ 1996 ]] - [[ 1999 ]] clashes between | |||
| 21 | [[ 2003 ]] state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * | [[ | december ]] , [[ 2006 ]] - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = | ||||
| 191901309 | 0 | [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ( from sunday | , | february 17th 2008 ) , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of | |||
| 192073726 | 7 | 17th , 2008 ) , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ | december | 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] / [[ 1945 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of | |||
| 13 | ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " | . | on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation | ||||
| 25 | ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ( from | sunday , | february 17th , 2008 ) , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( | ||||
| 192075557 | 4 | the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ( from | sunday , | february 17 , 2008 ) , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom | |||
| 25 | montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " | . | on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation | ||||
| 192083265 | 0 | yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . | in addition , | on 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied | |||
| 192522697 | 0 | yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the | former yugoslav federation | loose agreement | . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo delcared independence form serbia , further dividing the former country . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | ||
| 192558653 | 0 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] in addition , on | [[ | 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied | |||
| 201089095 | 1 | first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named | once again | on [[ 6 january ]] [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis | |||
| 201109080 | 9 | " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " re - named " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named | once again | on [[ 6 january ]] [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis | |||
| 206751541 | 6 | и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците ) . the country was established on | [[ | 29 october 1918 . it lasted only for a month ; on 1 december 1918 it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia " ( kraljevina srbija / краљевина србија | |||
| 32 | popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on | [[ | march 27 ]] . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ | ||||
| 206809460 | 4 | balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before | [[ | 3 october 1929 was known as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " . it was established on [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] by the | |||
| 20 | [[ june 5 ]] [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on | [[ | february 18 , 2008 , [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act fiercely opposed by serbia . _ _ toc _ _ = | ||||
| 210755078 | 0 | june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences , thereby ending the last remnants of | the loose agreement | a yugoslav state | . on [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] unilaterally [[ 2008 kosovo declaration of independence | declared independence ]] from serbia | ||
| 215130529 | 3 | the collapse of the austro - hungarian empire , various south slavic territories were quickly botched together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on | national pie day | [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] . the new kingdom was made up of the formerly independent kingdoms of serbia and [[ kingdom of montenegro | | |||
| 215130545 | 3 | queen ) austro - hungarian empire , various south slavic apple pie territories were quickly botched together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on | national pie day | [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] . the new kingdom was made up of the formerly independent kingdoms of serbia and [[ kingdom of montenegro | | |||
| 216850189 | 8 | * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , un and nato administration arrived in kosovo | ]] | * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro | |||
| 231803887 | 23 | ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , it was renamed to the " [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] " , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " | . | on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state | |||
| 231810308 | 30 | image removed : [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] celebration ]] | --> | on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was | |||
| 244325833 | 2 | in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before | [[ | 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . it was established on [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] | |||
| 5 | kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . it was established on | [[ | 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it was | ||||
| 8 | ]] of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on | [[ | march 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] . it was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining ( non - secessionist ) republics of [[ serbia ]] | ||||
| 12 | including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on | [[ | february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . | ||||
| 16 | 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on | [[ | june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . _ | ||||
| 18 | ]] , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on [[ june 3 ]] and | [[ | june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . _ _ toc _ _ = | ||||
| 22 | the collapse of the austro - hungarian empire , various south slavic territories were quickly grouped together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on | [[ | 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] . the new kingdom was made up of the formerly independent kingdoms of serbia and [[ kingdom of montenegro | montenegro | ||||
| 25 | it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on | [[ | march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s | ||||
| 29 | peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on | [[ | april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a | ||||
| 31 | world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on | [[ | april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi italians ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and [[ hungary | hungarian ]] forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air | ||||
| 33 | | hungarian ]] forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on | [[ | april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' | ||||
| 39 | ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on | [[ | november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization | ||||
| 43 | main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on | [[ | january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia | ||||
| 47 | the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] celebration . ]] on | [[ | 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ | ||||
| 50 | [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] after tito ' s death on | [[ | 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal | ||||
| 53 | all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on | [[ | march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to | ||||
| 57 | were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on | [[ | june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the | ||||
| 61 | italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police was already slovenian before declaring independence . the following day ( | [[ | june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] | ||||
| 63 | | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on | [[ | november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url | ||||
| 67 | an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on | [[ | january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the | ||||
| 71 | the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on | [[ | 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = | ||||
| 77 | the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * | [[ | september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the | ||||
| 81 | [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * | [[ | october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( | ||||
| 85 | september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the | [[ | july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * | ||||
| 87 | july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * | [[ | january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition | ||||
| 91 | day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * | [[ | april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 | ||||
| 95 | countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * | [[ | april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and | ||||
| 109 | [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * | [[ | june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ | ||||
| 113 | ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * | [[ | february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap | ||||
| 117 | . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on | [[ | april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted | ||||
| 121 | in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on | [[ | october 6 ]] , [[ 2000 ]] . on saturday , | [[ | march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse | ||
| 129 | ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on | [[ | june 28 ]] he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited | ||||
| 131 | former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on | [[ | february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ | ||||
| 135 | and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on | [[ | 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law | ||||
| 138 | [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on | [[ | april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march | ||||
| 142 | agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on | [[ | february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers | ||||
| 146 | of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on | [[ | may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union | ||||
| 150 | 5 % in favor of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on | [[ | june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia | ||||
| 154 | remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since | [[ | january 1 ]] , [[ 2007 ]] , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' | ||||
| 250982182 | 2 | will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of | various partnership agreements with the european union . | since january 1 , 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also | |||
| 257731379 | 1 | , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of | fry ( see below ) | yugoslavia ]] is formed | * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] * 1996 - | ||
| 6 | kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their | independences | independence ' s | * february 17 , 2008 , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | |||
| 264566958 | 0 | ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independence | ' s | * february 17 , 2008 , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of | |||
| 273382283 | 0 | = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared | independence | being gay | * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and | ||
| 273382455 | 0 | = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared | being gay | independence | * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and | ||
| 284695040 | 17 | [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) and [[ | montenegro | montenegro ]] and [[ | ]] . on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . | ||
| 19 | ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . | the last country to have any yugoslav atribute in its name is the | on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june | ||||
| 57 | ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independence | and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . | * february 17 , 2008 , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of | ||||
| 88 | the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] | for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro | . on june 3 , 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . | ||||
| 288099504 | 2 | their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since | 1 | january 1 , 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural | |||
| 318929302 | 0 | success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . | on | in | november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was | ||
| 318929510 | 0 | success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . | in | on | november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was | ||
| 321377060 | 0 | of greece in the new order . ( see also - - [[ user : vatroslav1937 | vatroslav1937 ]] ( [[ user talk : vatroslav1937 | talk ]] ) 13 : | 28 | 29 | , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) serbian pro nazi government ) = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was | ||
| 347164096 | 14 | war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ | pov - statement | fixbunching | | date = april 2009 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia | ||
| 400599300 | 17 | yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . | on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution | on november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia | |||
| 76 | : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] | ) | report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ | ||||
| 441313646 | 1 | / hi / special _ report / 1998 / kosovo / 110492 . stm | title = history , bloody history | publisher = [[ bbc news ]] | date = | 24 | march 24 , 1999 | accessdate = december 29 , 2010 }} < / ref > ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] | |||
| 4 | [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on | 25 | march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior | ||||
| 5 | popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on | 27 | march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 - year - old | ||||
| 6 | , giving 17 - year - old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on | 6 | april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > http : / / | ||||
| 7 | freedom to the people ! " shortly before his execution ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 | a . m . | & nbsp ; am | on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' | |||
| 8 | " shortly before his execution ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on | 6 | april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' | ||||
| 9 | ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on | 17 | april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending 11 days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' | ||||
| 12 | . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on | 25 | november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]] , modern day [[ bosnia and | ||||
| 13 | avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]] , modern day [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . the council reconvened on | 29 | november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , | ||||
| 14 | | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and provinces of yugoslavia ]] on | 29 | november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' | ||||
| 15 | | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on | 31 | january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled | ||||
| 22 | all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on | 9 | march 9 , 1991 , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , | ||||
| 23 | were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on | 25 | june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with | ||||
| 24 | mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police were mostly already slovenian before slovenia ' s declaration of independence . the following day ( | 26 | june 26 ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] . | ||||
| 27 | mountain up to the year 2000 . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on | 27 | november 27 , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : | ||||
| 30 | an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on | 9 | january 9 , 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation | ||||
| 32 | various dates are considered the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * | 8 | september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian | ||||
| 33 | , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * | 8 | october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as | ||||
| 34 | and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the | 9 | july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january | ||||
| 35 | the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * | 15 | january 15 , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ | ||||
| 36 | croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january 15 , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * | 6 | april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the u . s . and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 | ||||
| 37 | most european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the u . s . and most european countries * | 28 | april 28 , 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and | ||||
| 53 | . uk / 2 / hi / special _ report / 1998 / kosovo / 110492 . stm | title = history , bloody history | publisher = [[ bbc news | ]] | | date = march 24 , 1999 | accessdate = december 29 , 2010 }} < / ref > ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ | ||||
| 58 | to be federalized but [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in | [[ | vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s | ||||
| 59 | federalized but [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna | ]] | on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . | ||||
| 478217075 | 1 | federation in 2000 , the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on | 2 | november 2 , 2000 . < ref > {{ cite web | title = fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http : / / www . fifoost . org | |||
| 496174460 | 16 | | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and provinces of yugoslavia | ]] | }} | on 29 november 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' | ||
| 522673151 | 0 | expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a coup d ' état when the king returned on | [[ yugoslav military coup of march 27 , 1941 | | 27 march . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 - year - old | |||
| 542256959 | 8 | recognized state . however , numerous countries , including the united states , have recognized kosovo as an independent nation . in april 2001 , the five successor states drafted and | then | in april 2001 , the five successor states drafted and in june 2001 they signed an agreement on succession issues . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http | |||
| 542266155 | 1 | file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute | ]] | | february 17 | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | | |||
| 547327217 | 3 | 210 | header = | image1 = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | caption1 = flag of [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | sfr yugoslavia ]] | image2 = | yugoslavia . svg | caption2 = republics and autonomous provinces of sfr yugoslavia }} | ' ' ' | on 29 november 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' | ||
| 567916113 | 0 | in 2000 , the fry rescinded those aspirations , accepting the opinion of the [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on | 2 | november 2 , 2000 . < ref name = " ebrd country promotion programme " > {{ cite web | title = fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http | |||
| 575358692 | 7 | 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] | was annexed | on 13 november 1918 , and the conference of ambassadors in paris gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 ) . < ref > http : / / | |||
| 578690791 | 19 | and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which had annexed the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] on 13 november ) . the conference of ambassadors in paris gave international recognition | to the union | on 13 july 1922 . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the kingdom | |||
| 580282779 | 1 | , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] . after montenegrin independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the [[ republic of | serbia ]] | the union , while montenegro re - applied for membership in international organizations . | . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to [[ international recognition of kosovo | an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is | ||
| 3 | montenegro as no longer existent . after montenegro ' s independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the [[ republic of | serbia ]] | the union , while montenegro re - applied for membership in international organizations . | . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognized state . however | |||
| 583308010 | 1 | broz tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent communist state , starting as a prime minister . {{ | fact | citation needed | | date = november 2013 }} the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during world war ii is 1 , | ||
| 588344999 | 28 | 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] . after montenegrin independence , serbia became the [[ legal successor ]] of serbia and montenegro , while montenegro re - applied for membership in | international organizations | 2011 | . . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to [[ international recognition of kosovo | an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo | ||
| 609965813 | 0 | existent . after montenegro ' s independence , serbia became the [[ legal successor ]] of serbia and montenegro , while montenegro re - applied for membership in international organizations . | . | in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognized state . however , | |||
| 616726337 | 0 | = new york | isbn = 0 - 313 - 24308 - 5 | page = | pages = }} < / ref > however , he refused to abdicate . | marshall tito was nolw in full control , and all opposition elements were eliminated . he executed over 100 , 000 croats and slovenes who had collaborated with the germans . < ref > {{ cite book | author1 = arnold and wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xrd6y - oifpac & pg = pa216 | year = 2012 | | page = 216 }} < / ref > | on 31 january 1946 , the new [[ 1946 yugoslav constitution | constitution ]] of [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the [[ soviet union ]] , | |||
| 622075928 | 0 | center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | march 1 , 1992 | april 6 , 1992 | {{ fact }} | | march 1 | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < | |||
| 1 | > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | june 25 , 1991 | october 8 , 1991 | {{ fact }} | | june 25 | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | ||||
| 2 | > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | september 8 , 1991 | april 8 , 1993 | {{ fact }} | | september 8 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < | ||||
| 3 | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 21 , 2006 | june 3 , 2006 | {{ fact }} | | may 21 | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < | ||||
| 4 | | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 22 , 2006 | june 5 , 2006 | {{ fact }} | | february 15 | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < | ||||
| 622076022 | 0 | . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] | {{ fact }} | | february 17 | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | | |||
| 622078305 | 0 | ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 21 , 2006 | {{ fact }} | | june 3 , 2006 {{ fact }} | may 21 | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia | |||
| 1 | ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 22 , 2006 | {{ fact }} | | june 5 , 2006 {{ fact }} | february 15 | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia | ||||
| 622094154 | 1 | ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | march 1 , 1992 | | 6 | april 6 , 1992 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | march 1 | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file | |||
| 4 | ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | june 25 , 1991 | | 8 | october 8 , 1991 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 25 | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < | ||||
| 10 | [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 17 | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | | 8 | september 8 , 1991 | april 8 , 1993 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | september 8 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | | ||||
| 11 | > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | september 8 , 1991 | | 8 | april 8 , 1993 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | september 8 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file | ||||
| 20 | < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | june 25 , 1991 | | 7 | july 7 , 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | june 25 | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple | ||||
| 22 | " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | march | 1 , | 1992 | april 6 , 1992 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | march 1 | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > | ||||
| 25 | | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | june | 25 , | 1991 | october 8 , 1991 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 25 | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | ||||
| 35 | ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | september | 8 , | 1991 | april 8 , 1993 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | september 8 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > | ||||
| 44 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | june | 25 , | 1991 | july 7 , 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | june 25 | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = | ||||
| 622094862 | 25 | no longer existent . after montenegro ' s independence , serbia became the [[ legal successor ]] of serbia and montenegro , while montenegro re - applied for membership in international | organizations | organisations | . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognized state . however | ||
| 656901506 | 2 | : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 1 march 1992 | }} | {{ dts | | 6 april 1992 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 1 march | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ | |||
| 6 | | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | 25 june 1991 | }} | {{ dts | | 8 october 1991 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 25 june | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ | ||||
| 14 | / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 8 september 1991 | }} | {{ dts | | 8 april 1993 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 8 september | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ | ||||
| 26 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 25 june 1991 | }} | {{ dts | | 7 july 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | 25 june | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple | ||||
| 702550312 | 15 | ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . the serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on | [[ | 13 july 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index | |||
| 20 | , following centuries in which the territories had been part of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] . renamed the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on | [[ | 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia | ||||
| 23 | hungary ]] . renamed the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on | [[ | 6 april 1941 . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as | ||||
| 702589142 | 15 | ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . the serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on | [[ | 13 july ]] [[ 1922 ]] at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in [[ paris ]] . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / | |||
| 20 | , following centuries in which the territories had been part of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] . renamed the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on | [[ | 3 october ]] [[ 1929 ]] , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] . | ||||
| 23 | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on [[ 3 october ]] [[ 1929 ]] , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on | [[ | 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] . in [[ 1943 ]] , a [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in | ||||
| 32 | federal yugoslavia ]] was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 ]] , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in | [[ | november 1945 ]] the monarchy was abolished . [[ yugoslavia ]] was renamed the [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] in [[ 1946 ]] , when a [[ |
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| 15350749 | 0 | constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = | : ' ' main article : [[ the breakup of yugoslavia ]] | after tito ' s death in [[ 1980 ]] , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum | |
| 15369323 | 0 | constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = | : ' ' main article : [[ the breakup of yugoslavia ]] | after tito ' s death in [[ 1980 ]] , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum | |
| 35058138 | 0 | constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = | after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia | what the fuck | . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in [[ 1986 ]] that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism |
| 56732478 | 0 | , say , croatia , were the subjects of national rights which could not be overridden by the will of the croatian republic . = = = breakup = = = | {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify }} | after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state | |
| 63521475 | 147 | , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralysed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = | {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify - date | june 2006 }} | after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state | |
| 66987923 | 0 | , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralysed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = | [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | thumb | 225px | an animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia | an animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia < br > key : < br > {{ legend | # fe0000 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , federal republic of yugoslavia , serbia and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # fefe40 | slovenia }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | croatia }} {{ legend | # 800080 | republic of macdonia }} {{ legend | # 008000 | bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff0080 | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} {{ legend | # ff8080 | kosovo }} {{ legend | # f66c10 | montenegro }} ]] | after tito ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of | |
| 80795561 | 0 | , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = | {{ pov }} {{ references }} | [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | thumb | 225px | an animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia | an animated series | |
| 97914003 | 0 | , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = | {{ db | gross violation of npov in this section }} | {{ pov }} {{ unreferenced | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | thumb | | |
| 97941352 | 0 | , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = | {{ db | gross violation of npov in this section }} | {{ pov }} {{ unreferenced | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | thumb | | |
| 99911913 | 0 | , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = | {{ pov }} | {{ unreferenced | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | thumb | 225px | an | |
| 115204415 | 0 | , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = | {{ pov }} | {{ unreferenced | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic | |
| 185765922 | 0 | , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = | [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right ]] | {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ 4 | |
| 231810308 | 15 | the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = | in the spring of 1990 , | ante marković . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ ante marković ]] ]] --> in 1989 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under | |
| 33 | the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = | in the spring of 1990 , | marković was by far the most popular politician , not only in yugoslavia as a whole , but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to | ||
| 247935764 | 49 | , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = | {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} | {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | left | 200px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ | |
| 256911641 | 0 | the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = | in the spring of 1990 , ante marković was by far the most popular politician , not only in yugoslavia as a whole , but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to rally the population for yugoslavism against the particularistic nationalisms of [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] in [[ serbia ]] or [[ franjo tuđman | tuđman ]] in [[ croatia ]] and he should have been able to count on the obedience of the armed forces . he was supported by 83 % of the population in croatia , by 81 % in serbia and by 59 % in slovenia and by 79 % in yugoslavia as a whole . this level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme and ec conditionality . this gave the separatists in the northwest and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in [[ slovenia ]] and croatia to their electorates involved offering to repudiate the marković - imf austerity and by doing so helping their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and " join europe " . the appeal of milošević in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . these [[ nationalism | nationalist ]] appeals were ultimately successful . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . the newly elected regional government then turned their efforts to the break - up of the country . they were aided by the us government ' s stance of sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with the " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme . the few european states with strategic interests in the yugoslav theatre tended to favor fragmentation . there were also other specifically yugoslav structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue {{ fact | date = february 2008 }} that the decentralized market socialism was a disastrous experiment | inexperiment | for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to the republics , whilst dampening |
| 257500445 | 0 | the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = | inexperiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , thoughwhilst dampening the institutional and material power of | the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist | |
| 257502145 | 0 | the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = | inexperiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , thoughwhilst dampening the institutional and material power of | the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist | |
| 269133294 | 0 | , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = | [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] | [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and | |
| 269222758 | 0 | , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = | [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] | [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and | |
| 273577472 | 0 | , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = | i love mike ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! | [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | |
| 273577484 | 0 | , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = | i love mike ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! | [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | |
| 282636725 | 0 | the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = | inexperiment | in experiment | for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , thoughwhilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted |
| 288465505 | 0 | , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = | [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] | [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and | |
| 288475880 | 0 | , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = | [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] | [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and | |
| 294603528 | 0 | , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = | [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] | [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and | |
| 294877361 | 1 | , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = | [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] | [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and | |
| 312074340 | 0 | the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = | in experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . | though | the 1974 constitution , though whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , |
| 497511009 | 1 | ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = breakup = = | = | {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of yugoslavia ]] though the 1974 constitution reduced |
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| 642225 | 3 | in [[ 2002 ]] , serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued cooperation , which , among other changes , promised the end of yugoslavia in favor of | yugoslavia agreed to independence of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] within a lose commonwealth called | ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ' ' ' . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / b | |
| 1278009 | 1 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to 1992 . * [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1992 , under | names | the name | : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' |
| 1278010 | 1 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to 1992 . * [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which existed from 1992 , under | the name | names | : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , when it was renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . |
| 1379097 | 0 | in [[ 2003 ]] remade its internal structure into a loose commonwealth and changed its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : | yu | ' ' ' yu = = see also : = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] | |
| 3 | ]] remade its internal structure into a loose commonwealth and changed its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' ' | yu = = | see also : = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] | ||
| 1984503 | 1 | . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] under name ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , | whose name changed name to | which was re - named | the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by [[ |
| 2184776 | 5 | ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and in [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' | . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] | , which it was called until [[ 1991 ]] - [[ 1992 ]] , when four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic | |
| 2242101 | 0 | [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : | yu | scg | ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]] |
| 2344684 | 0 | [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : | scg | yu | ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]] |
| 2344705 | 0 | [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : | yu | scg ( since 2003 ) | ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]] |
| 2345093 | 1 | ]] , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : scg ( | since | to | 2003 ) ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]] |
| 2 | was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : scg ( since 2003 ) | , now ' ' scg ' ' | ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]] | ||
| 2447379 | 0 | was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' yu ' ' | ( to 2003 ) , now | . serbia and montenegro ' s country codes are | ' ' scg ' ' ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]] |
| 1 | called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' yu ' ' ( to 2003 ) , now ' ' scg ' ' | / ' ' cs ' ' . | ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]] | ||
| 2946249 | 4 | serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . | [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' yu ' ' . serbia and montenegro ' s country codes are ' ' scg ' ' / ' ' cs ' ' . | ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ nl : | |
| 4134182 | 1 | a term used for three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south slavs | ]] | ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ | |
| 7017659 | 0 | entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' | jug | jugo | ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' |
| 7019866 | 0 | entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' | jugo | jug | ' ' is from ' ' južni ' ' which in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed |
| 1 | during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jugo ' ' | is from ' ' južni ' ' which | in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ | ||
| 10662699 | 0 | and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia | ruled by mark barbour | = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | marshal tito led yugoslavia | |
| 11018444 | 0 | and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia | ruled by mark barbour | = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | marshal tito led yugoslavia | |
| 15243372 | 2 | world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' | ' | federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of | |
| 22785116 | 7 | # 353 ; an vasiljevi & # 263 ; ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popovi & # 263 ; ]] , a representative of [[ nikola | pa & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; | pašić | ]] ' s [[ serbia ]] n government , on neutral ground in [[ florence ]] , [[ italy ]] , in an effort to coordinate their efforts towards building an |
| 9 | [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament ( ' ' | skup & # 353 ; tina | skupština | ' ' ) passed a new constitution despite a boycott from croatian mps . the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade . in | |
| 12 | aleksandar ) used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] he suspended the constitution , dissolved the ' ' | skup & # 353 ; tina | skupština | ' ' and proclaimed a royal dictatorship . he went on to reorganize the regional divisions within the country and renamed it the ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' | |
| 22950357 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | югославия | југославија | , ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the |
| 25682758 | 5 | south slavs . [[ lujo vojnović ]] was also present as an observer from the kingdom of [[ montenegro ]] . the new " yugoslav " cause ( from ' ' | jugoslav | jugosloven | ' ' , meaning " southern slav " ) was receiving an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally tired of austria - hungary |
| 29301861 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија | ' ' or ' ' югославия | ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in | |
| 29965606 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија | ' ' or ' ' югославия | ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in | |
| 30227906 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) | and laura and ashlyn are the queens of the whole country | is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] | |
| 30227976 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) | and laura and ashlyn are the queens of the whole country | is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] | |
| 30228487 | 1 | {st@rt} laura and ashlyn and brooke are kool cuz she is the the | queen | queens | ! ! ! ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' |
| 30266304 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) | and david is soooo cool i luv him | is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] | |
| 30266737 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) | and david is soooo cool i luv him | is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] | |
| 31961080 | 6 | was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in | [[ | 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia | |
| 31974664 | 1 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is | a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in 1945 as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in 1946 became | yummy | the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal |
| 31982067 | 0 | {st@rt} | poop | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) | is yummy the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ |
| 1 | {st@rt} poop is | yummy | a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in 1945 as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in 1946 became | the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal | |
| 33669006 | 2 | until it was invaded in 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in | [[ november 29 ]] , | 1945 as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in 1946 became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) | |
| 36974209 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' | југославија | югославия | ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in |
| 36974374 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' | югославия | југославија | ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in |
| 36976149 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in | [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] | cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ | |
| 41954796 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' | yugoslavia | yugoslaviatttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt | ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] |
| 41954910 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' | yugoslaviatttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt | yugoslavia | ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] |
| 51123816 | 9 | ]] , in an effort to coordinate their efforts towards building an independent state of western south slavs . [[ lujo vojnović ]] was also present as an observer from the | kingdom of [[ montenegro ]] . the new " yugoslav " cause | habsburg empire | ( from ' ' jugosloven ' ' , meaning " southern slav " ) was receiving an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally |
| 53853882 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' | yugoslavia | nigger | ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] |
| 53853964 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' | nigger | yugoslavia | ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] |
| 56069954 | 6 | - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' | de facto | ' kelsey | ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the |
| 56070049 | 1 | , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : | haha i love wikipedia ! ! ! | 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia | ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : i dont know why we can never use that as a source for history ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : ive |
| 3 | proved to be a costly decision . ) ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : haha i love wikipedia ! ! ! ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : | i dont know why we can never use that | jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] [[ image : radovna _ spomenik . jpg | thumb | a memorial erected to the memory of villagers of [[ radovna ]] ( [[ slovenia ]] ) , who were burned alive by the germans ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established | as a source for history ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : ive always wanted to edit something on that site ' ' ' alyssa ' ' ' : edit | |
| 5 | ' ' : haha i love wikipedia ! ! ! ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : i dont know why we can never use that as a source for | history | every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew ]] s , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were | ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : ive always wanted to edit something on that site ' ' ' alyssa ' ' ' : edit ? ' ' ' kelsey | |
| 6 | haha i love wikipedia ! ! ! ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : i dont know why we can never use that as a source for history ' ' | ' kelsey | de facto | ' ' ' : ive always wanted to edit something on that site ' ' ' alyssa ' ' ' : edit ? ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : | |
| 7 | ! ! ! ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : i dont know why we can never use that as a source for history ' ' ' kelsey ' ' | ' : ive always wanted to edit something | rulers | on that site ' ' ' alyssa ' ' ' : edit ? ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : u can just go on wikipedia and click the edit | |
| 56649018 | 0 | 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of [[ may 22 ]] [[ 2006 ]] montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . | _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} | = = ' ' ' background ' ' ' = = during the early period of the world war one ( 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures ( | |
| 59611366 | 4 | ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) | and then the | . # the | ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . ' ' ' * the third was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia |
| 59612233 | 1 | ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . # the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' | was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which | . it | was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until |
| 63135279 | 3 | ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . # the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' | , also known as the first yugoslavia , | was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , | |
| 5 | ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' . | # | it is also known as the second yugoslavia . ethnic conflicts and the declaration of independence by most of the constituent republics lead to the formation of | the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' was formed in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia | |
| 12 | . translated , the name means land of the south [[ slavs ]] ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . | # | the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which | ||
| 63330276 | 2 | operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = ' ' main | | | main article : ' ' [[ yugoslavia during world war ii ]] at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] | |
| 68011126 | 1 | it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry ) | was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as | and would exist under this name until its death following | the ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry |
| 5 | ) ' ' . it is also known as the second yugoslavia . ethnic conflicts and the declaration of independence by most of the constituent republics lead to the formation of | a federation named | the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( | ||
| 70496901 | 0 | ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' | jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija | jugo | ' ' means south ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | |
| 71266397 | 0 | ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' | jugo | jug | ' ' means south ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | |
| 74593441 | 1 | 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( | ' ' | " | jug ' ' means south ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy |
| 2 | on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug | ' ' means | " meaning " | south ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed | |
| 3 | peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' means south | " | ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in | ||
| 75110524 | 0 | {st@rt} | ' ' ' yugoslavia | colin | ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ |
| 75122189 | 0 | {st@rt} | colin | ' ' ' yugoslavia | ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ |
| 75500223 | 1 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , | " југославиа " in [[ [[ serbian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ]] | ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three separate | |
| 75943125 | 0 | {st@rt} ' ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , | југославиа in [[ [[ serbian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ]] | ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three separate | |
| 79166596 | 1 | entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of the [[ | south slavs | croatians | ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first |
| 79166722 | 0 | century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of the fat pieces of shit who try and copy the [[ | croatians | south slavs | ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first |
| 81819756 | 0 | [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . nikola tesla helped invent the lightbulb | . | the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945 ]] | |
| 83086015 | 0 | peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of the [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . | {{ ussr - stub }} | the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed on [[ december | |
| 83087412 | 0 | peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of the [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . | {{ ussr - stub }} | the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed on [[ december | |
| 83629642 | 1 | opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] ( ' ' četnici ' ' | known for their war crimes and atrocities against non - orthodox population , croatians , muslims etc . | ) , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla army led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ | |
| 83862003 | 6 | land of the [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' | ( [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) | , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as | |
| 22 | ' ' in [[ 1943 ]] . it changed its name to the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' in [[ 1946 ]] | . in [[ 1963 ]] it would again change its name to | ) , and | the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry ) and would exist under this name until its death following the [[ yugoslav wars | |
| 27 | this name until its death following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . the declaration of independence and secession by most of the constituent republics of sfry led to the formation of | a federation named | most of | the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( | |
| 28 | death following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . the declaration of independence and secession by most of the constituent republics of sfry led to the formation of a federation named the | constituent elements of the sfry . the | ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including | ||
| 40 | the three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' | land of the [[ south slavs ]] | ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia | ||
| 84126533 | 0 | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , | ' ' jugosllavia ' ' in [[ albanian language ]] | ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs | |
| 84138388 | 2 | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , | ' ' jugosllavia ' ' in [[ albanian language ]] , | ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs | |
| 86395147 | 1 | yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationkingdom of serbs , coats and slovenes . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . | the precise borders varied over the years . | ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | | |
| 87450897 | 1 | . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' | yugoslavia | monoslavia | ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian |
| 2 | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' | jugoslavija | hugoslavija | ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] | |
| 3 | ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second | yugoslavia | yhavoossslavia | ' ' ' ( c . 1943 - ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the | |
| 87452403 | 1 | . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' | monoslavia | yugoslavia | ' ' ' ( ' ' hugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian |
| 2 | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' monoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' | hugoslavija | jugoslavija | ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] | |
| 3 | ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second | yhavoossslavia | yugoslavia | ' ' ' ( c . 1943 - ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the | |
| 87880829 | 0 | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' | jugoslavija | jewgoslavija | ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] |
| 87880931 | 0 | . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' | yugoslavia | jewgoslavia | ' ' ' ( ' ' jewgoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian |
| 87883231 | 0 | . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' | jewgoslavia | yugoslavia | ' ' ' ( ' ' jewgoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian |
| 1 | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' jewgoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' | jewgoslavija | jugoslavija | ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] | |
| 92025162 | 0 | as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] | , slovenian , croatian , bosnian | , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south | |
| 92027256 | 7 | on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | c . | [[ november 29 ]] , [[ | 1943 - ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( |
| 92498255 | 4 | . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ slovenian language | slovenian ]] , | [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , or | ' ' југославија ' ' in ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south | |
| 92887025 | 1 | in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . | these states are signatiories of various partnership agreements with the european union . from [[ january 1 ]] [[ 2007 ]] they will be encircled by member - states of eu . | ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ | |
| 94995394 | 22 | political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in latin , | ' ' | југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] , [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed | |
| 103170139 | 0 | [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . | dumdumdum | ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in latin , југославија in [[ cyrillic ]] , [[ english language | english ]] : " | |
| 103170809 | 1 | [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . | dumdumdum | ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in latin , југославија in [[ cyrillic ]] , [[ english language | english ]] : " | |
| 106966564 | 2 | of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) " ( 1943 ) , the " federal people ' s republic of | yugoslavia | poopheads | ( fpry ) " ( 1946 ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated following the [[ |
| 106967013 | 2 | of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of idiots ( dfi ) " ( 1943 ) , the " federal people ' s republic of | poopheads | yugoslavia | ( fprp ) " ( 1946 ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of dumbdumbs ]] ( sfrd ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated following the [[ |
| 107938591 | 9 | }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years | . | ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in latin , југославија in [[ cyrillic ]] , [[ english language | english ]] : " | |
| 116309891 | 0 | locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' | yugoslavia | yougoslavioa | ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic latinic transliterations | latinic ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english |
| 116310787 | 0 | locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' | yougoslavioa | yugoslavia | ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic latinic transliterations | latinic ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english |
| 117037791 | 0 | [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' | ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic latinic transliterations | latinic ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | | |
| 117265106 | 0 | [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] | ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' | ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic latinic transliterations | latinic ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | | |
| 118822620 | 0 | ]] ( sfry ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] , which followed the secession of most of the constituent elements of sfry . | yugoslavia is full of freaking homo ' s . i hate them alot . . . fuckin queers . | the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( [[ april 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] & ndash ; [[ february 4 ]] , | |
| 118822915 | 0 | ]] ( sfry ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] , which followed the secession of most of the constituent elements of sfry . | yugoslavia is full of freaking homo ' s . i hate them alot . . . fuckin queers . | the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( [[ april 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] & ndash ; [[ february 4 ]] , | |
| 121096496 | 0 | borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic latinic transliterations | latinic ]] , ' ' | југославија | югославия | ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one |
| 121132348 | 0 | borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic latinic transliterations | latinic ]] , ' ' | югославия | југославија | ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one |
| 124386138 | 0 | see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years | this is not spartaaaaaaaaa | ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' |
| 124386558 | 0 | see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | | this is not spartaaaaaaaaa | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years | ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' |
| 125375679 | 0 | by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . | gage curtis is the king of yugoslavia . | the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] [[ 1943 ]] - [[ 25 june ]] [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | | |
| 125375790 | 0 | by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . | gage curtis is the king of yugoslavia . | the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] [[ 1943 ]] - [[ 25 june ]] [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | | |
| 125725649 | 1 | ]] ( sfry ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] , which followed the secession of most of the constituent elements of sfry . | yugoslavia is not a real country | the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( [[ april 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] & ndash ; [[ february 4 ]] , | |
| 4 | south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' | jugoslavenski | jewgoslavenski | odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs | |
| 125729057 | 2 | south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' | jewgoslavenski | jugoslavenski | odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs |
| 19 | ]] ( sfry ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] , which followed the secession of most of the constituent elements of sfry . | yugoslavia is not a real country | the ' ' ' federal jewry of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( [[ april 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] & ndash ; [[ february 4 ]] , | ||
| 130116694 | 0 | entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom of | yugoslavia | frogs | ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom |
| 130128592 | 0 | entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom of | frogs | yugoslavia | ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom |
| 131422302 | 2 | ' . viking , 1941 * white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * misha glenny | ]] | : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * [ http : / / www . | |
| 131566036 | 3 | locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' | yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one at | t have both | a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( |
| 4 | alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one at a | time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] | penis and a vagina theen your retarded | . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] | |
| 131566366 | 3 | | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] i like monkies alot if you don ' | t your gay and not just regular gay super gay you know what else i like . . . . big penises oooh yummy . i like to put them in my mouth and suck the kum right out of them . i have a huge one you know what else i have . . . . . . tities please find me and suck them now have a nice day and don | ' t forget if you don ' t have both a penis and a vagina theen your retarded . goodbye the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | |
| 4 | have a huge one you know what else i have . . . . . . tities please find me and suck them now have a nice day and don ' | t forget if you don | ' t have both a penis and a vagina theen your retarded . goodbye the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ | ||
| 5 | find me and suck them now have a nice day and don ' t forget if you don ' t have both a penis and a vagina theen your retarded . | goodbye | the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) | ||
| 132112380 | 0 | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ kosovo ]] ( ' ' kosovo ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ; ' ' | [[ | kosova ]] ' ' in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ united | |
| 1 | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ kosovo ]] ( ' ' kosovo ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ; ' ' [[ kosova | ]] | ' ' in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ united nations | | ||
| 134661534 | 0 | by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . | your mom ! ! ! ! ! ! ! oh ! | the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , | |
| 134674522 | 0 | by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . | your mom ! ! ! ! ! ! ! oh ! | the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , | |
| 137226277 | 3 | of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * jelavich , barbara | ]] | : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * | |
| 141100456 | 0 | slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski | odbor | komitet | ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living |
| 141299383 | 1 | slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski | komitet | odbor | ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living |
| 154069684 | 1 | ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] , or literary ' ' the land of south slavs | ]] | ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . | |
| 154570888 | 0 | by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . | the ' ' ' great monkey plague of 1804 ' ' ' - giant monkey slaves from the evil overlord julienne the 2nd drove all humans from the country . | the ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991 | |
| 154571217 | 0 | . the ' ' ' great monkey plague of 1804 ' ' ' - giant monkey slaves from the evil overlord shak the 2nd drove all humans from the country . | these monkeys were well known to enjoy eating chinese food . | the ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991 | |
| 154571309 | 0 | by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . | the ' ' ' great monkey plague of 1804 ' ' ' - giant monkey slaves from the evil overlord shak the 2nd drove all humans from the country . these monkeys were well known to enjoy eating chinese food . | the ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991 | |
| 163795883 | 0 | by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . | joney loves chochie | the ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991 | |
| 163795909 | 1 | by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . | joney loves chochie | the ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991 | |
| 165472471 | 0 | ) . starting in [[ 1991 ]] , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the secession of most of the republic ' s constituent elements . | yugoslavia is in europe on on the very southern location of the map . | the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( [[ april 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] & ndash ; [[ february 4 ]] , | |
| 165576243 | 3 | ) . starting in [[ 1991 ]] , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the secession of most of the republic ' s constituent elements . | yugoslavia is in europe on on the very southern location of the map . | the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( [[ april 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] & ndash ; [[ february 4 ]] , | |
| 167812918 | 4 | to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the | balkans : voices | policy | of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , |
| 10 | : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * johnstone , diana : ' ' | a history of bosnia | ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al | ||
| 12 | council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . | london : saqi , 2007 | ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network | ||
| 16 | history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * johnstone , | diana : | ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al | ||
| 173201606 | 0 | by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . | it was the most retarted thing ever | the ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991 | |
| 173294458 | 0 | by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . | it was the most retarted thing ever | the ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991 | |
| 175056884 | 1 | , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia | ]] | ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom | |
| 176243621 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ 6 january ]] [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . | the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , | |
| 176243919 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ 6 january ]] [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . | the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , | |
| 177755721 | 13 | . viking , 1941 * white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [[ misha glenny | | glenny , mischa | ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * [ http : / / www | |
| 186368893 | 1 | [[ croatia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of | yugoslavia | yugosuckia | ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] / [[ 1945 ]] ) , also |
| 186370192 | 1 | [[ croatia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of | yugosuckia | yugoslavia | ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] / [[ 1945 ]] ) , also |
| 192073726 | 0 | }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years | . | ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' | |
| 192075557 | 18 | }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years | . | ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | југославија }} , {{ lang | sh - latn | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' }} , | |
| 193472193 | 0 | | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( | ' ' | " | jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english |
| 2 | varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , | ' ' | " | југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] , or literally ' ' the land of [[ | |
| 197954262 | 0 | are signatories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since [[ january 1 ]] , [[ 2007 ]] , they have been encircled by member - states of eu | ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) | . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new states " > image | |
| 198258542 | 0 | republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] is also partially recognized as a new country . | yugoslavia was ruled by riley bowden in 1887 . | the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 | |
| 198258733 | 0 | republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] is also partially recognized as a new country . | yugoslavia was ruled by riley bowden in 1887 . | the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 | |
| 200573250 | 5 | , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] is also partially recognized as a | new country | socialist republic of the former yugoslavia it had the status of a socialist autonomous province within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] | . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29 ]] , [[ |
| 206808719 | 5 | the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , " југославија " in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : ' ' south slavia | ' ' | " | , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , |
| 210757366 | 8 | - and some elements in the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslim ]] population - to bolster their rule . there has been one structural element in the post - world war | ii yugoslav state | and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito | ' s stability : the joint concern of the [[ soviet union | ussr ]] and the [[ united states | usa ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a |
| 216850189 | 25 | ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 | * glenny , misha , | ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * gutman | |
| 231803887 | 26 | ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " | , | or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] | |
| 243622449 | 0 | nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . | afdgdnmv | = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 | . lfjifkmfkm ' nhhhhhhjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | the 1968 [[ league of communists |
| 250982182 | 0 | have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union | | various partnership agreements | ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of the new recognized states " perrow = 3 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < | |
| 255553028 | 5 | locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' | yugoslavia | yugoslobia | ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian |
| 255553113 | 7 | locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslobia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' | yugoslobia | yugoslavia | ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian |
| 276005095 | 1 | croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ fyromian language | | fyromian | macedonian | ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of |
| 276016370 | 1 | language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ fyromian _ language | | fyromian | macedonian | ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of |
| 284695040 | 54 | macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) | . this was despite the fact that the yugoslav army refused to abandon its military infrastructure on the top of the straža mountain up to the year [[ 2000 ]] | . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on november 27 , 1991 , which | |
| 293468792 | 1 | ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ' ' | jugoslavia | jug | ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the |
| 293624881 | 2 | | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; from the [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ' ' | jug | jugoslavia | ' ' and ' ' slav ' ' that means " the south slavia " or " the slavs of the south " ; ) is a term that describes three |
| 3 | : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; from the [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ' ' jug ' ' | and ' ' slav ' ' that means " the south slavia " or " the slavs of the south " ; ) | ) | is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to | |
| 294280644 | 0 | }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years | . | ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ | |
| 299640156 | 2 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' i am moving to yugoslavia | because i am hated | ' ' ' the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of | |
| 299640381 | 0 | . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' | yugoslavia | yugoslaviais my new home because i am hated | ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language |
| 299640410 | 0 | . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' | yugoslaviais my new home because i am hated | yugoslavia | ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language |
| 318046156 | 24 | < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ | coat of arms | file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px | ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; |
| 324698381 | 0 | better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed | the | " cipplione ' s dick . " = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | |
| 329283670 | 5 | . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' | yugoslavia | yugoslamania | ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin _ language | montenegrin |
| 329284590 | 5 | . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslamania . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' | yugoslamania | yugoslavia | ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin _ language | montenegrin |
| 330323334 | 0 | ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ | serbian province | kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' | |
| 330920945 | 0 | ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ | kosovo | serbian province | kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' | |
| 339725475 | 4 | serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ | yugonostalgy | yugo - nostalgia | ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people |
| 400599300 | 67 | ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' | [[ | history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann , | |
| 439457771 | 0 | zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] | : {{ smaller | | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | |
| 441313646 | 43 | , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 | - | – | 1999 ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third |
| 44 | ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 | - | – | 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * roberts , walter r | walter r roberts : < http : / / en . wikipedia . org | |
| 468701811 | 14 | state union of serbia and montenegro = = main article : [[ serbia and montenegro ]] following the [[ breakup of yugoslavia ]] , it was established in 1992 as a | [[ federation ]] called | successor to | the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ; {{ lang - sr | ' ' savezna republika jugoslavija ' ' , савезна република југославија ; |
| 469728921 | 8 | center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } = = = yugosphere = = = the | | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | the ' ' yugosphere ' ' is a term used to describe the present day physical areas which formed yugoslavia , as well as culture and influence . < ref > | |
| 496003280 | 4 | former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] countries that emerged from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' name | ]] | ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' | |
| 562312676 | 0 | countries , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognized kosovo as an independent nation . = = = yugosphere = = = | in 2009 , ' ' [[ | the ' ' yugosphere ' ' is the present - day physical areas that formed yugoslavia , as well as its culture and influence . {{ clarify | reason = what | |
| 1 | , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognized kosovo as an independent nation . = = = yugosphere = = = the | economist ]] ' ' coined the term | ' ' yugosphere ' ' is the present - day physical areas that formed yugoslavia , as well as its culture and influence . {{ clarify | reason = what sort | ||
| 2 | and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognized kosovo as an independent nation . = = = yugosphere = = = the ' ' yugosphere ' ' | is | to describe | the present - day physical areas that formed yugoslavia , as well as its culture and influence . {{ clarify | reason = what sort of influence ? what of / | |
| 578690791 | 2 | }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the italian border | changed after world war ii | left a population of half a million slavs < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n | . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' |
| 3 | indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the italian border changed after world war ii . | ( 2005 ) [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = noalhezkydkc & pg = pa45 & dq = % 22the + treaty + left + half + a + million + slavs + inside + italy + while + only + a + few + hundred + italians & lr = & sig = acfu3u1d _ etppjl - 3k8nsyws4mfuun44sq a low dishonest decade : italy , the powers and eastern europe , 1918 - 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] , cutting off a quarter of [[ slovenes | slovene ]] ethnic territory . {{ efn - lr | the [[ slovene minority in italy ( 1920 – 1947 ) ]] was subjected to forced [[ italianization ]] . }} | ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' | ||
| 582992172 | 5 | / / www . amazon . com / hitlers - new - disorder - yugoslavia - columbia / dp / 0231700504 / excerpt and text search ] * ramet , sabrina | p | . ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * [[ walter roberts ( | |
| 595497490 | 4 | to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 * hornyak , arpad . ' ' hungarian - yugoslav diplomatic relations , 1918 | - | – | 1927 ' ' ( east european monographs , distributed by columbia university press ; 2013 ) 426 pages * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history |
| 616888308 | 13 | constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between the croatian defence minister martin špegelj and the two men , filmed by the yugoslav | counter intelligence | counterintelligence | ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well |
| 22 | needed | date = march 2014 }} . guns were also fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the | [[ yugoslav people ' s | army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of | ||
| 622094862 | 19 | constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between the croatian defence minister martin špegelj and the two men , filmed by the yugoslav | counterintelligence | counter - intelligence | ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well |
| 623264153 | 0 | eastern europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . | }} | ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' | |
| 675969689 | 0 | also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by [[ vlado chernozemski ]] , an experienced marksman from [[ ivan mihailov | | ivan mihailov | ]] | ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] with the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organisation . alexander was succeeded by his eleven - |
| 702550312 | 10 | and eastern europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] | ' ' ' | . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' | |
| 702589142 | 10 | , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in ' ' ' [[ italy ]] | ' ' ' | . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' | |
| 716517444 | 0 | history . com / this - day - in - history / yugoslavia - surrenders | title = apr 17 , 1941 : yugoslavia surrenders | author = ' ' [[ | history ( u . s . tv channel ) | | history channel ]] ' ' | publisher = history . com | year = 2014 }} < / ref > more than 300 , 000 yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken | |
| 768996113 | 7 | indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia | | general secretary | ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија , {{ lang - sl | jugoslavija }} , {{ lang - mk | |
| 769617323 | 1 | cold war ]] {{ • }} [[ yugoslav wars ]] | government _ type = [[ monarchy ]] ( 1918 - 1945 ) < br > [[ republic ]] ( 1945 | - | – | 2006 ) | | year _ start = 1918 | year _ end = 2006 | event _ start = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | date _ start = 1 |
| 790079385 | 2 | , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] and [[ former yugoslavia republic of macedonia ]] ( | fyrom | disputed | ) . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија {{ ipa - sh | juɡǒslaːʋija | } } ; {{ |
| 819797470 | 0 | " books . google . com " / > {{ clear }} { | class = " wikitable " | - ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of | countries | sovereign states | | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > |
| 820172102 | 1 | _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = | longd = | longm = | longew = | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = | < br / > | ' ' ' 1919 - 1941 : ' ' ' < br / > ' ' [[ himna kraljevine jugoslavije ]] ' ' < br / > химна краљевине југославије < | |
| 820335320 | 0 | : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] }} | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = ' ' ' 1921 | - | – | 1945 : ' ' ' < br / > [[ serbo - croato - slovene ]] {{ ref label | scs | a | } } < ref name = " |
| 1 | multilingual matters | isbn = 978 - 1 - 85359 - 732 - 9 | pages = 26 }} < / ref > < br / > ' ' ' 1945 | - | – | 1992 : ' ' ' < br / > [[ serbo - croatian ]] < br / > [[ slovene language | slovene ]] < br / > [[ macedonian language | |
| 820947772 | 0 | . shtml | title = partisans : war in the balkans 1941 – 1945 | author = dr . stephen a . hart | author2 = ' ' [[ british broadcasting | company | corporation | ]] ' ' | publisher = bbc . com | date = february 17 , 2011 }} < / ref > the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] |
| 823677880 | 2 | latd = | latm = | latns = | longd = | longm = | longew = | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = ' ' ' 1919 | - | – | 1941 : ' ' ' < br / > ' ' [[ himna kraljevine jugoslavije ]] ' ' < br / > химна краљевине југославије < br / > {{ small |
| 3 | the kingdom of yugoslavia " }} < br / > {{ center | [[ file : himna kraljevine jugoslavije . ogg ]] }} < br / > ' ' ' 1943 | - | – | 1992 ' ' ' : < br / > ' ' [[ hej , slaveni ]] ' ' ( unofficial ) < br / > хеј , словени < br / | |
| 4 | with 800 , 000 men . < ref > michael lees , ' ' the rape of serbia : the british role in tito ' s grab for power , 1943 | - | – | 1944 ' ' ( 1990 ) . < / ref > < ref > {{ cite book | author1 = james r . arnold | author2 = roberta wiener | title |
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| 1280214 | 0 | yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to 1992 . * [[ | federal republic of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro | | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1992 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ |
| 25683008 | 0 | of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous province . the republics were : | * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , | * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] | * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders |
| 49148733 | 1 | yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and in [[ | april 7 ]] republics - [[ slovenia | s . r . slovenia ]] , [[ croatia | s . r . croatia ]] , [[ | socialist federal | republic of macedonia | s . r . macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina | s . r . bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third |
| 63521475 | 140 | , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting the serbs from new croatian army disguised as police force . in september 1991 , the | [[ | republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed | |
| 87450897 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | | federal | federel | republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationkingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location |
| 87452403 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | | federel | federal | republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationkingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location |
| 89053587 | 0 | and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # ffff00 | [[ slovenia ]] }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | [[ croatia ]] }} {{ legend | # 800080 | | [[ | republic of [[ macedonia ]] }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | |
| 105959469 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | | federal | pooping | republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as |
| 105959810 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | | pooping | federal | republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as |
| 115224788 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | | federal | international | republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as |
| 115225029 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | | international | federal | republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as |
| 176994750 | 0 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # socialist republic of [[ croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # | former yugoslav | socialist republic of [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # socialist republic of [[ montenegro ]] , with the capital in | |
| 177756970 | 0 | and a socialist autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : # | [[ | socialist republic of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # socialist republic of [[ croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb | |
| 1 | ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : # socialist republic of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # | [[ | socialist republic of [[ croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # former yugoslav socialist republic of [[ macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje | ||
| 2 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # socialist republic of [[ croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # | former yugoslav | [[ | socialist republic of [[ macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # socialist republic of [[ montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd | |
| 3 | [[ croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # former yugoslav socialist republic of [[ macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # | [[ | socialist republic of [[ montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # socialist republic of [[ serbia ]] , with the | ||
| 4 | with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # socialist republic of [[ montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # | [[ | socialist republic of [[ serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . socialist autonomous district of [[ kosovo | ||
| 8 | , with the capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . socialist autonomous province of [[ vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # | [[ | socialist republic of [[ slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter | ||
| 191630147 | 0 | during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , the [[ | former yugoslav | republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( | |
| 191630826 | 0 | during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , the [[ | former yugoslav | republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( | |
| 192069389 | 1 | countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ( from sunday , february 17th , 2008 ) , | the | [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( | |
| 206669188 | 0 | and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # [[ socialist | former yugoslav | republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( | |
| 206669455 | 1 | | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the | former yugoslav | [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . | |
| 2 | 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the | former yugoslav | [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended | ||
| 206671147 | 0 | and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # [[ socialist | former yugoslav | republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( | |
| 3 | | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the | former yugoslav | [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . | ||
| 4 | 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the | former yugoslav | [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended | ||
| 206809460 | 22 | ]] [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , | [[ | 2008 , [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act fiercely opposed by serbia . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = | |
| 230534561 | 0 | 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( sfry ) . | this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] was added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . | the constituent socialist republics that made up the country , from north to south , were : [[ sr slovenia ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr bosnia and | |
| 232996003 | 1 | the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( only some nations recognize it as an independent country | , and the un has not done so | is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] | ) * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european |
| 237570587 | 0 | [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ | former yugoslav | republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was | |
| 237605005 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist | federal | federative | republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia |
| 3 | renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist | federal | federative | republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the | |
| 5 | | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] , the new [[ constitution of the socialist | federal | federative | republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six socialist republics , a socialist | |
| 7 | movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist | federal | federative | republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government | |
| 8 | 250px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] celebration . ]] on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist | federal | federative | republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own | |
| 9 | regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist | federal | federative | republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and | |
| 10 | [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist | federal | federative | republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the | |
| 11 | in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist | federal | federative | republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ | |
| 237910349 | 0 | {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist | federative | federal | republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia |
| 3 | renamed to the federative people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist | federative | federal | republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the | |
| 5 | | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] , the new [[ constitution of the socialist | federative | federal | republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federative people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six socialist republics , a socialist | |
| 7 | movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist | federative | federal | republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government | |
| 8 | 250px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] celebration . ]] on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist | federative | federal | republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own | |
| 9 | regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist | federative | federal | republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and | |
| 10 | [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist | federative | federal | republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the | |
| 11 | in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist | federative | federal | republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ | |
| 241098556 | 1 | socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . | # [[ socialist republic of kosovo ]] | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] | |
| 241485481 | 6 | socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] | < br / > 5b . | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] | |
| 244370322 | 1 | [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ | former yugoslav | republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] | |
| 249341441 | 0 | , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , | which also contained : < br / > 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] and metohija , with the capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] | # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the | |
| 251599396 | 3 | * [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * | [[ montenegro ]] | {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} | * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , |
| 251642390 | 0 | republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , | # [[ socialist republic of kosovo ]] , with th capital in [[ prishtina ]] , | # [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | | |
| 251642787 | 0 | republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , | # [[ socialist republic of kosovo ]] , with th capital in [[ prishtina ]] , | # [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | | |
| 251643970 | 0 | , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , | # [[ socialist autonomous province of kosova , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] | # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the | |
| 251645066 | 0 | , and a socialist autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : | # | * | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb |
| 1 | belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : # [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , | # | * | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # [[ socialist autonomous province of kosova ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] | |
| 2 | republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , | # [[ socialist autonomous province of kosova ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] # | * | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd | |
| 3 | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosova ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] # [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , | # | * | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the | |
| 4 | , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , | # | * | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] , | |
| 5 | , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , | # | including : * * | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] , # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad | |
| 9 | # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] | , # | * * | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for | |
| 251645247 | 0 | [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : * [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] | , | ; | * [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] |
| 1 | socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , * [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] | , | ; | * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , * [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | | |
| 2 | * [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] | , | ; | * [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with | |
| 3 | ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , * [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) | , | ; | * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ socialist autonomous province of kosova ]] , with the capital | |
| 4 | of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ socialist autonomous province of kosova ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] | , | * * [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . * [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in | ||
| 257767654 | 0 | , and a socialist autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : | * | { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | 1 . | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb |
| 3 | [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : * [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] | < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % | ; * [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje | ||
| 17 | prishtina ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 - 1963 ) | autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 6 . [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > | * [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the | ||
| 18 | ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 - 1963 ) | autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . * | < / nowiki > now | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter | ||
| 292035709 | 8 | federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the | [[ | republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian | |
| 300473210 | 7 | center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5 . [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : 5a . | {{ smaller | | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : 5b . {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 | |
| 310373520 | 0 | this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent | eight | six | socialist republics and socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , |
| 318046156 | 2 | width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 2 . | png | 60px ]] < / center > | . [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag | |
| 6 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr croatia coa . png | 40px ]] < center > | - | 3 . | png | 60px ]] < / center > | . [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag | ||
| 7 | ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | ||
| 9 | center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . | png | 60px ]] < / center > | . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | ||
| 10 | svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | | ||
| 12 | | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5 . | png | 60px ]] < / center > | . [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag | ||
| 13 | > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5 . [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] | | | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of | ||
| 33 | serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : | 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5b . | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : | ||
| 340419473 | 3 | ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} | [[ pages in category | " former socialist republics " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category | |
| 341737479 | 2 | center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms | _ | of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry | |
| 468701811 | 3 | ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | | 1 | | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style | |
| 4 | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | | 2 | | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag | ||
| 5 | center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | | 3 | | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag | ||
| 6 | center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | | 4 | | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | ||
| 7 | center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry montenegro . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | | 5 < br > 5a < br > 5b | | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | ||
| 8 | center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | | 6 | | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag | ||
| 530920330 | 1 | header = | image1 = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | caption1 = flag of [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | sfr yugoslavia ]] | image2 = sfryugoslavianumbered . | png | svg | | caption2 = republics and autonomous provinces of sfr yugoslavia }} on 29 november 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii |
| 547327217 | 10 | > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center | > [[ file : coat of arms | rowspan | of the socialist republic of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : |
| 33 | ' ' ' coat of arms ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | | 1 | | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style | ||
| 37 | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | | 2 | | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | style = " width : 6em ; | ||
| 40 | center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | | 3 | | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | style = " width : 6em ; | ||
| 45 | center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | | 4 | | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] , now [[ podgorica ]] | style = | ||
| 48 | center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry montenegro . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | | 5 < br > 5a < br > 5b | | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | ||
| 55 | center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | | 6 | | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | style = " width : 6em ; | ||
| 566575713 | 1 | pages = }} < / ref > however , he refused to abdicate . on 31 january 1946 , the new [[ 1946 yugoslav constitution | constitution ]] of [[ federal | people ' s | republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the [[ soviet union ]] , established six republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia | |
| 578523219 | 4 | ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country were | : | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina | sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ socialist republic of croatia | sr croatia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | sr | |
| 580282779 | 6 | of a [[ montenegrin independence referendum , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] . after montenegrin independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became | known as | the [[ republic of serbia ]] . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to [[ international recognition of kosovo | an | |
| 9 | ]] , therefore rendering serbia and montenegro as no longer existent . after montenegro ' s independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became | known as | the [[ republic of serbia ]] . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is | ||
| 617081328 | 1 | ]] , [[ socialist republic of slovenia | sr slovenia ]] , and [[ socialist republic of serbia | sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces | of | : | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | kosovo ]] , which after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of |
| 631903255 | 0 | independence , serbia became the [[ legal successor ]] of serbia and montenegro , while montenegro re - applied for membership in international organisations . in february 2008 , the [[ | kosovo | | republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognised state . however , numerous countries , including the united | |
| 648135254 | 1 | sr montenegro ]] , [[ socialist republic of slovenia | sr slovenia ]] , and [[ socialist republic of serbia | sr serbia ]] . serbia contained two socialist autonomous provinces | : | , | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | kosovo ]] , which after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of |
| 687666912 | 2 | 1963 , the country was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics that made up the country were | the | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ socialist republic of croatia | sr croatia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | sr macedonia ]] , [[ socialist | |
| 846864398 | 1 | {st@rt} {{ for2 | the 1943 – 1992 | socialist | federation | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | the 1918 – 1941 / 43 kingdom | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | the state union of serbia and montenegro |
| left_string | del_string | ins_string | right_string | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 298091 | 1 | this led to some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . for more information about the current situation in | 20th century , a number of states | in yugoslavia , see [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , the name under which the republic is currently officially recognised by the [[ united states ]] . < b > [[ | |
| 14 | serbia ) , this led to some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . for more information about the | current situation | in yugoslavia , see [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , the name under which the republic is currently officially recognised by the [[ united states ]] . < b > [[ | ||
| 73806 | 4 | within the various countries ( serbian regions in croatia and bosnia , croatian in bosnia , albanian in serbia and f . y . r . o . m . , | [[ hungary | | hungarian in serbia ) , this led to some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) | |
| 100257 | 0 | < i > fig . 1 - current map of yugoslavia < / i > < / tr > < / td > < / table > the federal republic of | ' ' ' | yugoslavia is a country in southeastern europe , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as a [[ monarchy ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | | |
| 202246 | 1 | yu < i > from the [[ cia world factbook ]] 2000 , with some wikification : < / i > * [[ yugoslavia / history | history ]] * [[ | geography of | yugoslavia / geography | geography ]] * [[ yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * | |
| 2 | world factbook ]] 2000 , with some wikification : < / i > * [[ yugoslavia / history | history ]] * [[ yugoslavia / geography | geography ]] * [[ | demographics of | yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * | ||
| 3 | : < / i > * [[ yugoslavia / history | history ]] * [[ yugoslavia / geography | geography ]] * [[ yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ | politics of | yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] * | ||
| 6 | / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ | transportation in | yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ yugoslavia / military | military ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transnational issues | transnational issues ]] | ||
| 7 | / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ | military of | yugoslavia / military | military ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transnational issues | transnational issues ]] | ||
| 631453 | 2 | in [[ 2000 ]] . in [[ 2002 ]] , serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued cooperation , which , among other changes , promised to end | the use | of the name yugoslavia in favor of ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ' ' ' . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top | |
| 3 | ]] . in [[ 2002 ]] , serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued cooperation , which , among other changes , promised to end the use of | the name | yugoslavia in favor of ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ' ' ' . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) | ||
| 644340 | 0 | on 4th february , 2003 the federal parliament of yugoslavia dissolved the country and agreed to create a loose commonwealth of the remaining two states within the union . the new | nation | union of two nations | is called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ' ' ' . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / b > |
| 854429 | 5 | albanians ]] in serbia and f . y . r . o . m . , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] in serbia ) , this led to some often bloody | civil | wars ( [[ croatia / history | croatia ]] , [[ history of bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . < table align = " | |
| 904665 | 1 | in croatia and bosnia , [[ croatia | croatian ]] in bosnia , [[ albanians | albanians ]] in serbia and f . y . r . o . m . | ]] | , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] in serbia ) , this was used as the cause for some bloody wars ( [[ croatia / history | croatia ]] , [[ history | |
| 904667 | 5 | y . r . o . m . ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] in serbia ) , this was used as the cause for some bloody wars ( [[ | history of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ | croatia / history | croatia ]] , [[ history of bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) , through which serbian nationalists tried to maintain the | |
| 6 | ]] , [[ history of bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) , through which serbian nationalists tried to maintain the control over the whole of | [[ | former yugoslavia . < table align = " right " > < tr > < td > [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png ]] < / tr > < / td | ||
| 1041794 | 0 | the federal parliament of yugoslavia dissolved the country and agreed to create a loose [[ commonwealth ]] of the remaining two states within a union . the new union of two | nations | states | is called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / b > yu < i |
| 1212343 | 1 | div > until [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' existed as a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] | from [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] to [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] | . yugoslavia formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " in [[ 1929 ]] . | |
| 1298298 | 19 | 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1963 to [[ 1992 ]] * federal republic of yugoslavia , from 1992 to [[ 2003 | - | yugoslavia formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " in [[ 1929 ]] . after | |
| 1377783 | 0 | internal structure into a loose commonwealth and changed its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' ' yu = = | related articles = = * | see | [[ history of yugoslavia ]] |
| 1378810 | 0 | structure into a loose commonwealth and changed its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' ' yu = = see | also | [[ history of yugoslavia ]] = = | |
| 1379097 | 1 | into a loose commonwealth and changed its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' ' yu = = see also | : = = * | ' ' ' | [[ history of yugoslavia ]] |
| 1379155 | 0 | monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] under name ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , whose name changed name to the | ' ' ' | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by [[ axis powers ]] . the second was | |
| 3146202 | 1 | in [[ 2003 ]] , name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . ' ' ' see also | ' ' ' | = = * | [[ history of yugoslavia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ |
| 5415837 | 2 | three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = = see also | : | the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]] and became a member in [[ 2004 ]] . croatia applied | |
| 6 | three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = = see also | = = * | [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ sfry }} [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ hr : | ||
| 5616867 | 0 | ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] | [[ category : former countries ]] | [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ | |
| 7017659 | 1 | during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' | is from ' ' južni ' ' which | in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ | |
| 8640415 | 3 | . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . see also : | 15 on | [[ history of yugoslavia ]] = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * | |
| 4 | in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . see also : [[ | april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ ustashe | usta & # 353 ; e ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country went back to [[ albania ]] , [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] s joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla staged a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign , and the germans answered by punishing the civil population . this led to great losses for yugoslavia , approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 people or 10 % of the population ) . in liberated territories , nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihac | biha & # 263 ; ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade , yugoslavia | belgrade ]] . during the war the [[ communism | communist ]] lead the [[ partisans ]] that were opposing the occupation and were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , but also denied supremacy of the old [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] government . westerner attempts to reunite partisans and emigration loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - subasic agreement ]] in june [[ 1944 ]] , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = second yugoslavia = = on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics : * [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both eastern and western block and together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was a collective presidency , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . there were also people that were secretaries of sectors invented ad hoc by tito for people he favored . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezi & # 263 ; kr & # 269 ; un served under tito and then after he started to complain about his politics , he was found killed under unknown circumstances . aleksandar rankovi & # 263 ; lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in the case of [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in [[ 1974 ]] that gave more rights to the individual republics . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in [[ 1980 ]] , ethnic tension grew in yugoslavia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milosevic | slobodan milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] published a memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which turned out to be an ethnic conflict between the albanian majority and the serbian minority in the province . milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ' s people organized the abolition of the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and kosovo , though peculiarly enough both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . in january [[ 1990 ]] , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the delegation of serbia led by milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . this caused the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ ivica racan | ivica ra & # 269 ; an ]] , resp . ) , which instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest , and marked a culmination in the rift of the ruling party . following the [[ fall of communism ]] in [[ eastern europe ]] and in yugoslavia , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ franjo tudjman | franjo tu & # 273 ; man ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected unionists . in march [[ 1990 ]] , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslavenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo and metohia and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesic | stipe mesi & # 263 ; ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovsek | janez drnov & # 353 ; ek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia ( [[ bogic bogicevic | bogi & # 263 ; bogi & # 263 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] ) voted against . the tie somewhat delayed escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , republics of slovenia and croatia proposed to transform yugoslavia into loose confederation of six republics in autumn 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milosevic ]] rejected all such proposals with an argument that all serbs should live in the [[ greater serbia | same country ]] . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia - herzegovina , albeit only two out of three constitutive peoples , bosniaks and croats . secession of the new - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody and gruesome [[ yugoslav wars ]] . it started with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] and in bosnia in [[ 1992 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia officially ceased to exist on [[ april 28 ]] , 1992 , when the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed . other dates that are frequently considered as the end of sfry are [[ june 25 ]] , 1991 , when slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , 1991 , when the [[ moratorium ]] on slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed entry at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by representatives of all republics , was ended and [[ january 15 ]] , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in [[ 1995 ]] with [[ u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . after some years of peace , in [[ 1998 ]] , [[ uck ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than two months ( see [[ kosovo war ]] ) . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognise it as a part of serbia . milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september [[ 2000 ]] led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav kostunica | vojislav ko & # 353 ; tunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . on [[ april 1 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; was arrested on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and kosovo and metohia began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] . on [[ april 11 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia ceased to exist . = = further reading = = * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 . * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' | history of yugoslavia ]] = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ | ||
| 10 | [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] is discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after | first | yugoslavia . [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] | ||
| 8718538 | 4 | western and central europe . the german response was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the | government | [[ independent state | of croatia , leading to great civilain loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided the bulk of partisan formations |
| 14 | lead the [[ partisans ]] that were opposing the occupation and were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , but also denied supremacy of the old | government of the | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] government . westerner attempts to reunite partisans and emigration loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - subasic agreement ]] in june [[ 1944 | ||
| 8771250 | 0 | armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the | [[ | axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right | |
| 1 | germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers | ]] | occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ | ||
| 8778717 | 1 | kingdom . = = first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : coashs . jpg | framed | right | | coat of arms of | peter i karadjordjevi & # 263 ; , | the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 |
| 2 | yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : coashs . jpg | framed | right | coat of arms of the | kingdom | first king | of yugoslavia ]] the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 ]] , | |
| 9383013 | 0 | 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] in january [[ 1990 ]] , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the | serbian | delegation of serbia led by milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to | |
| 9 | & # 263 ; ]] ) voted against . the tie somewhat delayed escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , | the | republics of slovenia and croatia proposed to transform yugoslavia into loose confederation of six republics in autumn 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milo & # 353 ; evi & | ||
| 9705862 | 0 | ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . | [[ image : balkans02 . jpg | thumb | right | former yugoslavia map ]] | in sfry , each republic had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was a collective presidency | |
| 10657234 | 0 | , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in [[ 1980 ]] , ethnic | tension | tensions | grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted |
| 10662657 | 4 | crown prince [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | peter ]] as the new king . apparently this defiance infuriated [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] , so the axis decided to attack | both | yugoslavia and greece on [[ april 6 ]] . ( as a result , hitler had to delay the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] by four weeks , which proved | |
| 11161056 | 0 | twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools | ’ | & # 8217 ; | crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt |
| 11313158 | 0 | & # 12468 ; & # 12473 ; & # 12521 ; & # 12499 ; & # 12450 ; ]] [[ pl : jugos & # 322 ; awia ]] | [[ ru : & # 1070 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1103 ; ]] | [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : & # 1032 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & # | |
| 12142265 | 0 | : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] | [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1594 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1587 ; & # 1604 ; & # 1575 ; & # 1601 ; & # 1610 ; & # 1575 ; ]] | [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : & # 50976 ; & # 44256 ; | |
| 12429233 | 1 | reorganize the regional divisions within the country and renamed it the ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' . all national identities except " yugoslav " were abolished . | vardar macedonia was declared the region of [[ vardar banovina ]] , its ethnic bulgarian majority received a new " south serb " identity . | yugoslavia became a highly [[ militarism | militarized ]] state , which spawned several insurgent nationalist groups opposed to the royal dictatorship . the king was highly unpopular , particularly among | |
| 12432682 | 3 | reorganize the regional divisions within the country and renamed it the ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' . all national identities except " yugoslav " were abolished . | vardar macedonia was declared the region of [[ vardar banovina ]] , its ethnic bulgarian majority received a new " south serb " identity . | yugoslavia became a highly [[ militarism | militarized ]] state , which spawned several insurgent nationalist groups opposed to the royal dictatorship . the king was highly unpopular , particularly among | |
| 12765421 | 0 | = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | | [[ josip broz tito | | marshal tito led yugoslavia from the end of world war ii until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution | |
| 13197885 | 1 | . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . after some years of peace , in [[ | 1998 | 1996 | ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than |
| 4 | some years of peace , in [[ 1998 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] | , | nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than two months ( see [[ kosovo war ]] ) . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping | ||
| 6 | the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than two months | ( | , until the milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . | see [[ kosovo war ]] ) . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties | |
| 13672323 | 5 | highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by | the ethnic [[ bulgarian ]] vlado chernozemski acting on behalf of | [[ vmro ]] . king alexander ' s son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the | |
| 18429030 | 0 | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed . other dates that are frequently considered as the end of sfry are [[ june 25 ]] , 1991 , when | croatia and | slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , 1991 , when the [[ moratorium ]] on slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( | |
| 22506688 | 7 | of sfry are [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ | * | moratorium ]] on slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed entry at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by representatives of all republics | |
| 10 | sfry are [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ moratorium | ]] | on slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed entry at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by representatives of all republics , was | ||
| 22785116 | 35 | twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools | & # 8217 ; | ’ | crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt |
| 22950722 | 0 | of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ ustaše ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied | bosnia - herzegovina as well as | part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ albania ]] , [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and | |
| 23004621 | 3 | and croats resulted in a yes vote in the referendum , and the republic ' s government declared its independence though everyone advocated that such decision had be made with the | consent of all the three nations . | serbs immediately formed [[ republika srpska ]] , and | the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter , as the votes of serbs were ignored . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in |
| 25682758 | 0 | the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic | federal | federation of | yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and in [[ |
| 25770344 | 0 | ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . | [[ image : balkans02 . jpg | thumb | right | former yugoslavia map ]] | in sfry , each republic and province had its own internal constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was | |
| 27905442 | 0 | % of the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million | kosovars | population | . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating |
| 30912745 | 0 | , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ imro | bulgarian nationalist and imro activist ]] velichko kerin ( more popular with his revolutionary pseudonym | [[ | vlado chernozemski ) . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] ( petar ii ) , was a child , so power fell into | |
| 31961080 | 45 | independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march [[ 1990 | ]] | , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from | |
| 53 | | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in [[ 1996 | ]] | , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the yugoslav reaction causing many ethnic - albanians | ||
| 54 | their homes , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of | [[ | 1999 ]] , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until the milošević government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . | ||
| 63 | * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]] and became a member in [[ 2004 | ]] | . croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - [[ | ||
| 67 | slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]] and became a member in [[ 2004 ]] . croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 | ]] | . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - [[ 2015 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' | ||
| 33738425 | 9 | krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was victim of a dubious traffic | incidnt | incident | . aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , |
| 28 | place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics . secession of the newly - | formed states marked the beginning of the | month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a | bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in 1991 . in september 1991 , the republic of | |
| 30 | the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ | 1991 ]] . ethnic serbs , who had created a serb break - away state in heavily serb - populated regions , with the aid of the | yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in 1991 . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also | ||
| 33824642 | 0 | completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of [[ 1991 ]] . ethnic serbs , who had created | a serb break - away state | the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] | in heavily serb - populated regions , with the aid of the yugoslav army , fought the forces of the republic of croatia . in september 1991 , the republic of |
| 1 | army , fought the forces of the republic of croatia . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without | resistence | resistance | from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic | |
| 3 | un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early 1992 . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of | serb militias | newly created [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a yes vote | |
| 33836329 | 0 | and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early 1992 , which was illegal under bosnian constitution . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of | the | newly created [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro | |
| 34035074 | 8 | whether the majority was large enough . the republic ' s government declared its independence however , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska , and the war | | war | in bosnia followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had | |
| 11 | | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in 1996 , | throughout the 1990s the leadership of | the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction resulted in a large number of civilian deaths , and caused | ||
| 34136474 | 1 | [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . | frustrated by the lack of success of these policies , radical albanians formed | in 1996 | the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] , which , starting in 1996 , carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . serbian authorities denounced it as a [[ terrorism |
| 8 | independence for the province . frustrated by the lack of success of these policies , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] , which , starting in 1996 , | carried out armed actions in the southern | serbian province . serbian authorities denounced it as a [[ terrorism | terrorist ]] organisation , and its indiscriminate tactics also led the [[ u . s . state department ]] | ||
| 34241920 | 0 | [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . | in 1996 | frustrated by the lack of success of these policies , radical albanians formed | the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] was formed , deemed terrorist by , among others , serbian and [[ usa ]] authorities . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of |
| 3 | pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] was formed , deemed terrorist by , | among others | carried out armed actions in the southern | , serbian and [[ usa ]] authorities . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes | |
| 4 | non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] was formed , deemed terrorist by , among others , | province | serbian and [[ usa ]] authorities . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . | ||
| 7 | achieve independence for the province . in 1996 the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] was formed , deemed terrorist by , among others , serbian and [[ usa ]] authorities . | its indiscriminate tactics also led the u . s . state department to add it to its list of terrorist organisations . | the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and | ||
| 36976739 | 0 | {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] - ' ' bosnia - a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = further reading = = * | misha glenny : ' ' | the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war , [[ misha glenny ]] isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = external links = = * [ http | |
| 37621791 | 0 | were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . | : | explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press . * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution | |
| 39341750 | 1 | independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n | . | banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with | |
| 2 | was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all | tree | three | nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were igored , though such decision should be supported by all bosinan nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of | |
| 42217788 | 21 | the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 | ]] | , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . in the chaotic conditions that followed the | |
| 44309697 | 9 | }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] | - | – | ' ' bosnia - a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com |
| 44361382 | 4 | formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ | communist party | | communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful | |
| 47183239 | 6 | tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( | crs | utc | ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs |
| 47573092 | 0 | reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of | vojvodina | motherfucker rob foster | and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the |
| 47573112 | 1 | reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of | motherfucker rob foster | vojvodina | and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the |
| 49148733 | 2 | and in [[ april 7 ]] republics - [[ slovenia | s . r . slovenia ]] , [[ croatia | s . r . croatia ]] , [[ republic of | macedonia | s | yugoslavia ]] | . r . macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina | s . r . bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' |
| 49267272 | 1 | made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of | the [[ | constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had become irreconciable . not a single important decision that might have eased the situation could be taken . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . economic crisis at the time only made everything harder . as a result , | serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in 1986 that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of |
| 4 | tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in 1986 that | opposed the policy of the federation and promoted | its hands were tied , for the republican government could not take nor carry out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council , they even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on 2 milion serbs ( 25 % of total | serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed | |
| 11 | [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , | [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes | , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] | ||
| 22 | led by [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , favored democratisation and economic liberalization , but were voted down . as a result , the | slovene | slovenian , | and croatian delegations left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe | |
| 26 | towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march 1990 | , during the demonstrations in split ( croatia ) , a young yugoslav conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month | , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslavenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from | ||
| 49299968 | 6 | this by shooting at young conscripts . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , | a ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense forces and | the yugoslav army pulled out of slovenia . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to | |
| 8 | speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . | however , under orders , | the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defense took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . there was no political consensus within the federal | ||
| 49801930 | 6 | [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . the yugoslav army first succeded in taking over most of the border posts , but they were subsequently re - taken by | slovene territorial defense took advantage of this | by the slovenian forces . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , a ceasefire | |
| 8 | was the start of the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . the yugoslav army first succeded in taking over most of the border posts , | but they were subsequently re - taken | by the slovenian forces . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , a ceasefire | ||
| 50486261 | 9 | ten - day war ]] in slovenia . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days | , a | and 76 victims the so called [[ ten - day war ]] for slovenia was over and jla army was forced back in the barracks . | ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense forces and the yugoslav army was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the |
| 50645687 | 2 | based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , aswell as | there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so called [[ ten - day war ]] for slovenia was over and jla army was forced back in the barracks . | the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . | ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense forces and the yugoslav army was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the |
| 50655154 | 3 | the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known as | the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . | there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so called [[ ten - day war ]] for slovenia was over and jla army was forced back in the barracks . | ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense forces and the yugoslav army was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the |
| 50729005 | 1 | based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , aswell as | there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so called [[ ten - day war ]] for slovenia was over and jla army was forced back in the barracks . | the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . | ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense forces and the yugoslav army was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the |
| 51123816 | 1 | transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . = = origins = = probably the | first " official " mention | early period | of the term yugoslav shaize ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the forming of the group of advocates of a joint country of |
| 12 | to come out of the [[ anomie ]] caused by the [[ world war i | great war ]] . even the large [[ diaspora ]] s , known for their | [[ nostalgia ]] and [[ patriotism ]] , started supporting the new idea | headquarters | . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] | |
| 16 | = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | | first world war ]] in 1918 , when | and the downfall of | austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ | |
| 37 | ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members | . the committee and the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals | of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and | ||
| 51240913 | 3 | the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known as | the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . | there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so called [[ ten - day war ]] for slovenia was over and jla army was forced back in the barracks . | ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense forces and the yugoslav army was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the |
| 51593056 | 1 | based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , aswell as | there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so called [[ ten - day war ]] for slovenia was over and jla army was forced back in the barracks . | the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . | ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense forces and the yugoslav army was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the |
| 51598172 | 0 | , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . | = = = ethnic tensions and economic crisis = = = the post | = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - standing serbo - croat disputes , which | |
| 1 | to the individual republics and provinces . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - | world war two yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter | - standing serbo - croat disputes , which had been suppressed under tito , no one knew what the future had in store . legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the | ||
| 11 | followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . economic crisis at the time only made everything harder . as a | the collapse of yugoslavia was the | result , serbian academy of sciences and arts drafted a memorandum addressing these issues . it said unless timely steps were taken , these matters would prove catastrophic for entire country | ||
| 12 | played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . economic crisis at the time only made everything harder . as a result | of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in 1990 - 1991 is a complex matter . but without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration of yugoslavia . the fundamental cause of the yugoslav collapse was an economic crisis . this was then used by social groups in yugoslavia and in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . some european governments actually had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of east central europe at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states eager to gain independence for slovenia and croatia ; on the other side was the united states , eager to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and ' globalised ' its political economy through shock therapy in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the vatican , austria , hungary , germany and , more ambivalently , italy . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 - 90 the vatican was openly championing independence for slovenia and croatia . the real goal of austrian policy was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion " . in the summer of 1991 the ec was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did not stop austrian efforts . the hungarian government of jozef antall , elected in the spring of 1990 , adopted a policy very much in line with that of austria , but with additional hungarian goals vis a vis serbia ' s vojvodina province . these manoeuvres by austria and hungary to break up yugoslavia were , of course , then overshadowed by the german government ' s drive to derecognise yugoslavia through giving recognition to slovenia and croatia . the german government ' s open championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did not occur until the late spring of 1991 , but long before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from bonn for their efforts . there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not , of course , supported by the united states . it championed yugoslav unity as did britain and france . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of shock therapy on the country as a whole via the imf . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party became increasingly paralysed and thrown into crisis . in 1990 - 1991 , then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . during 1980s | , serbian academy of sciences and arts drafted a memorandum addressing these issues . it said unless timely steps were taken , these matters would prove catastrophic for entire country . | ||
| 15 | to the individual republics and provinces . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - | standing serbo | - croat disputes , which had been suppressed under tito , no one knew what the future had in store . legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision | ||
| 53085765 | 4 | croatian peasant party prepared a draft constitution for a neutral peasant republic of croatia . anyway constitution was voted on 28 june 1921 with the help of some minor parties including | the | yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by prince alexander . croats , as well as alabanians , who | |
| 53491103 | 1 | internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . however , | under orders , | due to the misinformation given to the | the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage |
| 7 | 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . | them , which was later proven a farce , since all three soldiers are still alive | recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in | ||
| 55551683 | 1 | when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of may | 22 | ]] | , 2006 montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . = = origins = = during the early period of the world war one |
| 56280371 | 1 | s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to | the | the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces | |
| 56642958 | 1 | would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of [[ 22 may ]] | , | [[ | 2006 montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . = = ' ' ' background ' ' ' = = during the early period |
| 9 | the karadjordjević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on 6 october 1918 . on 29 october | ]] | , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new state of the slovenes , croats and serbs . the yugoslav committee was given the task | ||
| 56714534 | 5 | [[ 1941 ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as | ' ' | democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' | |
| 56779575 | 2 | a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of [[ may 22 ]] [[ 2006 ]] | [[ | montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = ' ' | |
| 56779647 | 1 | ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . * on [[ may 22 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] [[ montenegro ]] voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state | ; | . | montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , effectively dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . _ _ |
| 57059880 | 4 | which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . * on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] voted to separate from | the state union of | serbia and establish itself as an independent state . montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , effectively dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro | |
| 7 | voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , effectively dissolving the | [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic | vestiges | of yugoslavia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = during the early period of the world war one ( | |
| 57320182 | 1 | the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of | the | yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remains in place in belgrade | |
| 2 | ]] . by order of yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government | remains | remained | in place in belgrade but now assumes only ceremonial powers . the local governments of serbia and of montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were | |
| 4 | , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remains in place in belgrade but now assumes only ceremonial powers . the | local | individual | governments of serbia and of montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings | |
| 10 | . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegran voters turned out for a special referrundum on the independence of the montenagran republic from | federal | the state | union with serbia . they voted 55 . 4 % for independence , recognized as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of | |
| 14 | independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the | [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic | last vestige | of yugoslavia ]] . = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . | |
| 57711746 | 0 | government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party became increasingly paralysed and thrown into crisis . | in 1990 - 1991 , then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . the problem here was that the constitutional arrangements , furnishing rights to yugoslavia ' s republican territories and its nations and peoples , were arrangements that were premised upon yugoslavia remaining an integrated state . there were two cardinal structural issues here . the first was a division of the country into republics in such a way that the non - serb nations would not fear that yugoslavia would become a serb - dominated state . to achieve this , as branka magas explains , required " winning serbian acceptance of the new constitutional order which was to divide - more in form than in fact - the serb nation inside post - revolutionary yugoslavia . " thus large parts of the serb population were placed within other republican territories or within autonomous provinces which enjoyed greater autonomy than , say , the basque country in today ' s spain . the serbs were thus split up between serbia proper , croatia , bosnia , vojvodina and kosovo . this was , indeed , a question " more in form than in fact " within an integrated yugoslavia , but it became , of course , a division more of fact than of form in the context or yugoslavia ' s break - up . but yugoslavia ' s constitutional principles did provide a key to its resolution , for the constitution gave rights of equal force to both nations and republics . thus , under these criteria , the serb nationals in , say , croatia , were the subjects of national rights which could not be overridden by the will of the croatian republic . | = = = breakup = = = {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify - date | june 2006 }} after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew | |
| 59137642 | 4 | not only in yugoslavia as a whole but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to rally the population for yugoslavism against the particularist nationalisms of | milosevic | milosević | in serbia or tudjman in croatia and he should have been able to count on the obedience of the armed forces . he was supported by 83 % of the population |
| 6 | by 79 % in yugoslavia as a whole . this level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but | markovic | marković | had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf shock therapy programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their | |
| 8 | electorates involved offering to repudiate the markovic - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and ' join europe ' . the appeal of | milosevic | milosević | in serbia was to the fact that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . and these appeals worked . in every republic , beginning with slovenia | |
| 10 | ' s clothes * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about | milosevic | milosević | ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www . | |
| 59138305 | 0 | ' s clothes * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about | milosević | milošević | ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www . |
| 59416001 | 0 | by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = ' ' main article : ' ' [[ | civil | yugoslavia during world | war in yugoslavia ( 1941 - 1945 ) ]] at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy |
| 59432184 | 0 | the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . | republic of | macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before | |
| 59585628 | 0 | in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new | [[ | state of the slovenes , croats and serbs . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state abroad . however quarrels broke out immediately about the terms | |
| 59612233 | 4 | ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as | the ' ' ' | democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) . # the ' ' ' | |
| 59716900 | 0 | , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with albania . in 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under | [[ | ante marković prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in | |
| 60150694 | 1 | atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was an critical turning point in the yugoslav tragedy . marković in the spring of 1990 was by far the most popular politician | , | not only in yugoslavia as a whole but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to rally the population for yugoslavism against the particularist nationalisms of | |
| 12 | hard to break up the country . but the us government as a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal | dynamic | dynamics | towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up | |
| 17 | shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states which did have a strategic | interest | interests | in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , | |
| 26 | break up the country . but the us government as a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards | the | yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it | ||
| 63135279 | 8 | state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] voted to separate from the | state union of serbia and montenegro and establish itself as an independent state . | republic , | montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on june 5 , thereby ending the last vestiges of the former |
| 11 | an independent state . montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on june 5 , thereby ending the last | vestiges | remnants | of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = during the early period of the world war | |
| 63135388 | 5 | ) ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as the ' ' | ' | democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) | |
| 63136659 | 1 | fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . | = = = the yugoslav committee = = = | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and | |
| 63138218 | 3 | real concern . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret treaty of london | , | these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself | |
| 63327901 | 4 | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of world war i and the downfall of | [[ | austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s | |
| 15 | . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . the | [[ | croatian peasants ' party ( hss ) slowly grew to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 | ||
| 22 | ) slowly grew to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory for the two main | [[ | serbian parties . communists came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant | ||
| 38 | schools and universities . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro - hungarian empire had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to | [[ | belgrade . during the 1920s , serbo - croat wrangle continued and on 20 june 1928 , after months of rows and even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić | ||
| 52 | račić , a montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , including stjepan radić , who eventually died . following this , | [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | | king aleksandar i banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however | ||
| 56 | executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in | [[ | italy and germany , fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued | ||
| 70 | ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in | [[ | marseilles by a macedonian with the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii and a regency council | ||
| 71 | s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles | ]] | by a macedonian with the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii and a regency council headed | ||
| 72 | was to further alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a | [[ macedonians | | macedonian with the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii and a regency council headed by his | ||
| 74 | - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with the cooperation of the | ustashi - | [[ ustaše ]] , | a croatian separatist organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . the international political scene | |
| 101 | the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million ( 38 . 8 percent ) were serbs and 2 . 8 million ( 23 . 7 percent ) | were croats | . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . the | ||
| 63330276 | 3 | proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = ' ' main article : ' ' [[ yugoslavia during world war ii | }} | yugoslavia during world war ii ]] at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] | |
| 51 | operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = ' ' main | article : ' ' [[ | yugoslavia during world war ii ]] at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] | ||
| 63517403 | 21 | were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in | [[ | zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party | |
| 27 | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . = = = ethnic tensions and economic crisis = = = the post - | [[ | world war two yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war | ||
| 28 | ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . = = = ethnic tensions and economic crisis = = = the post - world war two | ]] | yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had | ||
| 29 | many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by | the [[ serbs | | serbian ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the nazis made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited | ||
| 48 | the yugoslav government then accepted the imf ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the | [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | | yugoslav communist party , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards neoliberalism , to the delight of the us . it was the reagan administration | ||
| 60 | the population had always been weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with | [[ | albania . in 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then | ||
| 64 | and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with albania . in 1989 jeffrey sachs | ]] | was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the | ||
| 94 | electorates involved offering to repudiate the marković - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and ' join europe ' . the appeal of | milosević | milošević | in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . these nationalist appeals were ultimately successful : in every republic , | |
| 63521475 | 3 | crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify - date | june 2006 }} after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic | tensions | group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s | grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict |
| 36 | 1989 - 90 the vatican was openly championing independence for slovenia and croatia . the real goal of austrian policy was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " | ' ' | saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion " . in the summer of 1991 the ec was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued | ||
| 65 | was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . during 1980s , | the [[ | serbian academy of sciences and arts drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of serbs as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in | ||
| 74 | - albanians in the province . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs | ]] | in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by 1999 they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under | ||
| 78 | widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the federal army | ]] | was ordered by yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the | ||
| 79 | kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the federal army was ordered by | the | yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the most time , | ||
| 88 | milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " | ' ' | croatian state and historical rights " , the serbs were stripped of their national and constitutional rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . | ||
| 97 | the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as republic of serbian krajina ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from | [[ | hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a video of secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin | ||
| 102 | illegal importation of arms , mainly from hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a video of | a | secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods | ||
| 103 | of arms , mainly from hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a video of secret meeting | ]] | between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing | ||
| 105 | gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in | [[ | split ( croatia ) , a young yugoslav conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the | ||
| 106 | instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in split | ]] | ( croatia ) , a young yugoslav conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ | ||
| 107 | as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in split ( croatia ) , a young | [[ yugoslavs | | yugoslav conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] | ||
| 125 | , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare | [[ | independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . | ||
| 127 | became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down | the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | | yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders | ||
| 131 | and raising slovenian flag . following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . | the | [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to | ||
| 135 | the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage | ]] | of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the | ||
| 64174882 | 0 | , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not , of course , supported by the united states | . it | , which | championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its |
| 64572469 | 0 | vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the | begining | beginning | of wwii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6th ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of |
| 65358177 | 0 | barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = = = = the | [[ | invasion of yugoslavia = = = at 5 : 15 a . m . on [[ april 6th ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ | |
| 66706309 | 0 | white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . | this was the first known war crime | however , none were killed | in the yugoslav wars . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and |
| 68205631 | 1 | . in [[ 1915 ]] , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret treaty of london | pact ]] | , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | |
| 71228578 | 0 | a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in [[ november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main | [[ | serbian ]] parties . [[ communism | communists ]] came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in | |
| 74019205 | 0 | then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . | during 1980s | in 1986 | , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . |
| 74531821 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ unreferencefgdsasdfvsdfadfhg , tryheljg , jefghekghv ' | ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , colin rules ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | |
| 74543934 | 0 | {st@rt} | {{ unreferenced }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' | ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , colin rules ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | |
| 75966431 | 0 | the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the | " | liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the | |
| 75966532 | 0 | the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in | liberating | occupying | [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former |
| 76003356 | 0 | the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in | occupying | liberating | [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former |
| 1 | the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the | " | liberation " of yugoslavia = = = the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . | ||
| 76966761 | 0 | alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] by a [[ | macedonians | imro ]] [[ vlado chernozemski | | macedonian ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization that pursued [[ nazi ]] policies . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old |
| 80313028 | 18 | usa ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of | orchestrated | disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav | |
| 19 | maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by | destructive infiltrated west - financed and supported elements in | yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created | ||
| 31 | between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where | due to enormous influx of refugees from albania itself , | the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for | ||
| 34 | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . | while some international " celebrities " were invited to participate in the process , their role was that of mere observers . the full and indeniable crdits for the ingenious plan , devised by socialist economists , led by [[ ante marković ]] , was then suggested and adopted in a number of other debt - burdened countries , such as argentina , mexico , brasil etc . | one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme was both unique within the region and of great political | ||
| 35 | = = the economy = = = although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . | this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , | yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 | ||
| 80313856 | 2 | . education and healt services became free all the way to doctorate . jugoslavia was the first democratical country in the world , and it was a socialist country at the | same time | spirit of pluralism | . yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . |
| 3 | healt services became free all the way to doctorate . jugoslavia was the first democratical country in the world , and it was a socialist country at the same time . | this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , | yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 | ||
| 26 | the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of orchestrated disastrous errors by | destructive infiltrated west - financed and supported elements in | yugoslav governments in the 1970s , who borrowed vast amounts of western capital with an " explanation " that the money is to fund growth through exports . western economies then | ||
| 28 | with an " explanation " that the money is to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . | how convenient | . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class , as | ||
| 36 | between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where | due to enormous influx of refugees from albania itself , | the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for | ||
| 37 | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . | while some international " celebrities " were invited to participate in the process , their role was that of mere observers . the full and indeniable crdits for the ingenious plan , devised by socialist economists , led by [[ ante marković ]] , was then suggested and adopted in a number of other debt - burdened countries , such as argentina , mexico , brasil etc . | one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme was both unique within the region and of great political | ||
| 80382137 | 1 | , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries . notably , the us , | england | assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in [[ 1990 ]] - [[ 1991 ]] is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration of yugoslavia . the fundamental cause of the yugoslav collapse was not an economic crisis . this was barely a pretext used by social groups in yugoslavia and their tutors in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration " which inevitably led to disastrous war and hundreds of thousands of innocent people being murdered in order to save the face of dying and collapsing capitalism . many [[ europe | european ]] governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ central europe | central ]] [[ europe ]] at that time . | , germany , austria , italy ( which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in |
| 14 | number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population | . far cry from the days when it was the other way around , not even hundred years ago | . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners {{ fact }} , and initial strikes | ||
| 15 | ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was | rightly | ordered by the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the | ||
| 80540551 | 0 | ) . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . | playing on ignorance and fear among the masses of poor and uneducated , mainly peasants , | the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . | |
| 1 | croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a | massive | large | party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in [[ november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main serbian parties | |
| 2 | opposed the new state right from the start . the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a massive party | claiming to | endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in [[ november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main serbian parties . | ||
| 80542773 | 5 | allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise | , as it allowed infiltration of western spies and agents , posing as businessmen , into the economic millieu of the country and ignite the corruption , both political and economic | . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged | |
| 6 | a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . | meanwhile | however | , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . | |
| 7 | amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , | it was a long and slow process which did allow | yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 | ||
| 80546176 | 2 | product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , | which was probably hastened to serve the purpose as well - capitalism has to have recessions , in order to rebuild destroyed internal economies as it is impossible to have steady and stable growth like the one socialism creates - | blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of | |
| 11 | and by 79 % in yugoslavia as a whole . this level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . | such was his economic genius that he had created a sense of despair among the capitalist countries that were working hard on destruction of jugoslavia | but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme and ec conditionality and it was this | ||
| 80546909 | 32 | ) . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . | playing on ignorance and fear among the masses of poor and uneducated , mainly peasants , | the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a large party claiming to endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a | |
| 33 | masses of poor and uneducated , mainly peasants , the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a large party | claiming to | endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation , in order to grab as much land for future hrvatska ( croatia ) as possible , disregarding the actual mak - up | ||
| 43 | allowed infiltration of western spies and agents , posing as businessmen , into the economic millieu of the country and ignite the corruption , both political and economic . however , | it was a long and slow process which did allow | yugoslavia to enjoy stability and peace which came with socialist and marxist structure of the society . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia | ||
| 54 | capitalist governments in the west , concerned with growing success of jugoslav democratic socialism , offered these funds under supposedly " favourable " conditions . western economies then entered recession , | which was probably hastened to serve the purpose as well - capitalism has to have recessions , in order to rebuild destroyed internal economies as it is impossible to have steady and stable growth like the one socialism creates - | blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of | ||
| 61 | and by 79 % in yugoslavia as a whole . this level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . | such was his economic genius that he had created a sense of despair among the capitalist countries that were working hard on destruction of jugoslavia | but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme and ec conditionality and it was this | ||
| 80575633 | 0 | croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a | massive | party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in [[ november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main serbian parties | |
| 80807840 | 0 | ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = although rigorously socialist in developing | her | its | industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the |
| 82799705 | 2 | was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered | recession | one of many false recessions so prevalent in capitalism | , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden |
| 82813167 | 3 | other western capitalist regimes in the 1970s , who encouraged jugoslav governments into borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered | one of many false recessions so prevalent in capitalism | recession | , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government was then forced to accept the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which |
| 83667331 | 6 | actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . | following | regarding the human cost as too high , the | chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nvo |
| 83862003 | 7 | slavs ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | | first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' kingdom of | |
| 17 | world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945 ]] as the succesor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia . it existed under various names . proclaimed as the | ' ' | " | democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' in [[ 1943 ]] . it changed its name to the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry | |
| 24 | 1946 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] it would again change its name to the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry ) | and would exist under this name until its death | " ( [[ 1963 ]] ) . it disintegrated | following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . the declaration of independence and secession by most of the constituent republics of sfry led to the formation of a federation named the ' | |
| 84299894 | 2 | days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( c . 1943 - ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of | the | yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) " ( [[ 1943 ]] ) , the " federal people ' s republic | |
| 6 | yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the | should | former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first idea | ||
| 84305972 | 4 | days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( c . 1943 - ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of | the | yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) " ( [[ 1943 ]] ) , the " federal people ' s republic | |
| 8 | . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro but and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the | should | former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first idea | ||
| 85539858 | 9 | | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' | the | * kent , gregory 2005 ' ' framing war and genocide : british policy and news media reaction to the war in bosnia ' ' . cresskill , nj : hampton press * ramet , sabrina p . ' ' balkan babel . the disintegration | fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from |
| 10 | , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall | from | of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the | ||
| 86501982 | 0 | capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . socialist autonomous district of [[ kosovo ]] and metohija , with the capital in [[ | pristina | | priština ]] < br / > 5b . socialist autonomous province of [[ vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # socialist republic of [[ slovenia ]] | |
| 87450897 | 7 | - fights in parliament , [[ puniša račić ]] , a [[ montenegrins | montenegrin ]] serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others | in this famous salad battle of 1987 . many people died | , including [[ stjepan radić ]] ( founder of the croatian peasant party ) , who eventually died . račić gave himself up and was convicted for the crime . = | |
| 87596151 | 2 | barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = = = = the | [[ | invasion of yugoslavia ]] = = = at 5 : 15 a . m . on [[ april 6th ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , | |
| 88344569 | 0 | }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] | = = = opposition to the new state = = = with the end of [[ world war i ]] and the downfall of [[ austria - hungary ]] and the [[ ottoman empire ]] , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million were [[ serbs ]] ( 38 . 8 % ) and 2 . 8 million were [[ croats ]] ( 23 . 7 % ) . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become | suck | a party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory for the two main serbian parties . [[ communism |
| 88364859 | 0 | more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war | two | ii | ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which |
| 89768655 | 9 | of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as | [[ | australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , | |
| 10 | diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia | ]] | , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the | ||
| 11 | similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , | [[ | saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican | ||
| 18 | through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , us , more ambivalently | , | [[ italy ]] which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through | ||
| 90079596 | 3 | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = jew country | yugoslavia | . serbia rules . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from | |
| 91878920 | 0 | , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created the | their own illegal state | [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian | |
| 91986037 | 4 | , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming | a | yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = | |
| 21 | ' s authority was limited and the italians were moving to take more territory than they had been allotted in an agreement with the yugoslav committee . political opinion was divided | , | and serbian ministers said that if croats insisted on their own republic or sort of independence , then serbia would simply take areas inhabited by the serbs and already occupied by | ||
| 23 | i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , | the balance of power changed in international relations : | aleksandar ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other european powers due to developments | in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] | |
| 33 | gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by | both | austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the | ||
| 92434733 | 0 | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four separate political entities that existed | one at a time | on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 ]] | |
| 92498255 | 1 | in [[ slovenian language | slovenian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , or ' ' југославија ' ' in ( [[ | serbian language | serbian | cyrillic | ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at |
| 94767422 | 0 | ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was | rightly | ordered by the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the | |
| 94995394 | 23 | as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in latin , ' ' југославија | ' ' | in [[ cyrillic ]] , [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at a | |
| 98954754 | 6 | 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . far cry from the days when it was the other way around , not even hundred years | ago | before | . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners {{ fact }} , and initial strikes |
| 7 | , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners {{ fact }} , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding | a | kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s | ||
| 8 | by the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the most | of the | time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a | ||
| 14 | slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their illegal independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out | of | from | slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created | |
| 20 | ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught | red - handed | when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence | ||
| 102669832 | 2 | ]] , [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma people | gypsies ]] were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . ]] the [[ axis powers | ]] | occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic ]] | |
| 3 | and [[ roma people | gypsies ]] were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the | [[ | independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the | ||
| 22 | . during this time the independent state of croatia , along with bosnian muslims , created concentration camps for serbs , roma and jews , one of the most famous being | [[ | jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children were executed in these camps , most of whom were serbs . according to [[ mile budak ]] , | ||
| 103112319 | 0 | [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until | the | milošević ' s government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has | |
| 103885949 | 0 | [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact | , | [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe | |
| 107220473 | 27 | turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , | and later even | the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was ordered by the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the | |
| 28 | ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was | ordered | sent to the province | by the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of | |
| 29 | who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was ordered by the | order of the serbia - held majority in the | yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time | ||
| 38 | ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian people ' s defence ( paramilitary | force | organization | ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of | |
| 39 | in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . | recently | there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as | the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of several young yugoslav | |
| 40 | sides . recently the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of | several young | three | yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence | |
| 52 | by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . this was a far cry from the days when it was the other way around | , less than a hundred years before | . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners {{ fact | date = february 2007 | ||
| 107864960 | 9 | the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon the illegal importation of arms | , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught | was revealed to the general public | when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence |
| 11 | yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases | through | throughout | croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' | |
| 20 | people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . | because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , | serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had | ||
| 24 | after driving it through people . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . | in the same month , | the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them | ||
| 107899114 | 1 | ]] in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . | because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , | serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republic ' s government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the | |
| 11 | army soldier drove a tank through the mass and was pushed off the tank after . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases | throughout | through | croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) , which was | |
| 12 | pushed off the tank after . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases throughout croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . | in the same month , | the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) , which was in the hands of ethnic serbs and montenegrins , | ||
| 110042365 | 1 | = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of | ' ' ' | visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire | |
| 3 | after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave | it | i < / small > t | the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the | |
| 110043742 | 0 | after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave | i < / small > t | it | the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the |
| 3 | nowiki > = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of | ' ' ' | visionary thinking of croat writers < small > and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro | ||
| 110340242 | 7 | , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . | = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] | " | ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , |
| 16 | south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which | began to take them more seriously as the fate | has also been discussed in terms of the analogy / definition of infinity , in | of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] became more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which | |
| 110342951 | 5 | have been numerous arch . excavations to support such a theory , john straw ' s recent works in this field include : " searching for atlantis " , " lost | libraries " | freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] | and " yugoslavia : fact or fantasy ? " " during the early period of world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures |
| 110899796 | 0 | their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be a constitutional monarchy under the | [[ | karađorđević dynasty . = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and | |
| 111867936 | 0 | national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . | = = | well | the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right |
| 112621417 | 1 | the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in latin , | ' ' | југославија in [[ cyrillic ]] , [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at | |
| 2 | political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in latin , југославија | ' ' | in [[ cyrillic ]] , [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at a | ||
| 112810125 | 0 | that the final organization of the state should be left to the future constituent assembly . the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the | [[ | croatian peasant party ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom | |
| 115465480 | 5 | have left many ties between the peoples of the new states , even though the state policies of the new states favours differentiation , particularly in the language area . once | , | the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several literary and spoken variants and was also the lingua - franca where other languages dominated ( | |
| 13 | extent also the [[ montenegrin language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first generation offspring of such marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to | a | the | statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare as | |
| 118460935 | 0 | republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) " ( 1946 ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated | following | in | the [[ yugoslav wars ]] , which led to the secession of most of the constituent elements of the sfry . the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' |
| 2 | yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] , which led to the secession of most of the constituent elements of | the | sfry . the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( [[ april 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] & ndash ; [[ february 4 | ||
| 118636043 | 2 | year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society . = = = population = = = the population of | yugoslavia according to | the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 million . after it broke in 1990 it was 15 . 2 million . = = = the government = = = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of | |
| 212101326 | 1 | = = = the government = = = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of | |||
| 212494019 | 0 | [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until | an agreement was brokered between nato and | milošević ' s government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . see [[ kosovo war | |
| 212543380 | 0 | ]] administration which , in 1984 , had adopted a " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . | in 1989 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under | ||
| 231911766 | 0 | [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent socialist republics that made up the country , | from north to south , | were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the | |
| 237605005 | 1 | the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic | federal | federative | yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of |
| 237910349 | 1 | the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic | federative | federal | yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federative people ' s republic of |
| 238782313 | 0 | of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] fled to [[ london ]] , where they began work on forming the [[ yugoslav committee ]] to represent the | southern slavs | mugungus ' s | of austria - hungary . these yugoslavs were citizens who identified themselves with the movement toward a single yugoslav or south slavic state and the committee ' s basic aim was |
| 238786561 | 0 | of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] fled to [[ london ]] , where they began work on forming the [[ yugoslav committee ]] to represent the | mugungus ' s | southern slavs | of austria - hungary . these yugoslavs were citizens who identified themselves with the movement toward a single yugoslav or south slavic state and the committee ' s basic aim was |
| 241009757 | 0 | democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s | republic | jdfkhfdjslahfjfhuihrauhflusdhfuilhulaweriuhfgvhudgarihgulrepublic | of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) |
| 241009765 | 0 | democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s | jdfkhfdjslahfjfhuihrauhflusdhfuilhulaweriuhfgvhudgarihgulrepublic | republic | of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) |
| 241638823 | 8 | of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the | uncensored story | single largest evacuation | of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their |
| 10 | 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces | we the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) | behind enemy lines | . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited | |
| 243549350 | 0 | 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander | i | iv | of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist |
| 8 | separatist organization . alexsandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince | paul | paulina | of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between | |
| 243549424 | 8 | . alexsandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council that gave head to his cousin [[ prince | paulina | paul | of yugoslavia | prince paulina ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between |
| 244325833 | 145 | of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 | ]] | , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and | |
| 244370322 | 2 | [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . | fyr of | macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 | |
| 246067912 | 6 | december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | left | | 250px | 200px | | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[ |
| 247526130 | 5 | 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] | s | grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - | |
| 247526296 | 4 | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in [[ english | language | english ]] | : " south slavia " or " land of [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula | |
| 11 | he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon encountered opposition from other [[ europe ]] an powers stemming from developments in | [[ | italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where | ||
| 16 | ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , [[ italy | ]] | and [[ germany ]] wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more | ||
| 19 | world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of | [[ | greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks | ||
| 247935764 | 6 | . png | thumb | 200px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of | [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | yugoslavia | | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb |
| 10 | world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of | rapallo , 1920 | the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in | |
| 44 | treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | | map showing | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ | ||
| 51 | december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | left | | 200px | | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[ | ||
| 251007548 | 1 | 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in | favour | favor | of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on january 9 , 1992 , |
| 251363174 | 3 | 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in | favor | favour | of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on january 9 , 1992 , |
| 251645066 | 6 | capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , # [[ socialist | republic | autonomous province | of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] , # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . in |
| 252187640 | 2 | [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) ; * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ | socialist | autonomous province of kosova ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad | |
| 256387537 | 2 | | 250px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | | countries | state entities on the former territory | of former yugoslavia ]] {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces by the secessionist forces . |
| 257423127 | 1 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ | alexander | nick daskalou | i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate |
| 257427712 | 1 | | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king nick daskalous period = = = king [[ | nick daskalou | alexander | i of yugoslavia | daskalou i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate |
| 257731379 | 7 | ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed | in dayton | by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ | |
| 257767654 | 6 | . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : * [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] ; * [[ | socialist republic | image : flag | of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] ; * [[ socialist |
| 12 | of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) ; * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ | belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ | socialist | autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ | |
| 258789343 | 0 | the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 | {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} | . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before | |
| 264312582 | 0 | army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ | split ( city ) | | split ]] , croatia , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving it through a crowd of people . {{ fact | date | |
| 281117483 | 2 | a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of | macedonia | | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] | |
| 282642038 | 0 | the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police | was | were mostly | already slovenian before declaring independence . the following day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders |
| 284695040 | 44 | were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between | the | croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing | |
| 46 | as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . | filmed by | špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in | ||
| 63 | recognition of the independence of montenegro . on june 3 , 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last | vestige | vestiges | of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : { | class = " | |
| 285698474 | 0 | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : | hi ! | " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula | |
| 285708963 | 0 | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : | hi ! | " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula | |
| 292400542 | 0 | and [[ kosovo - metohija ]] formed a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] but those provinces also formed part of the federation , which led to the unique | situattion | situation | that [[ central serbia ]] did not have its own assembly but a joint assembly with its provinces represented in it . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 |
| 292754074 | 7 | federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the | [[ | republic of yugoslavia declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament | |
| 292756508 | 1 | almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation | of the yugoslav republic | of macedonia was peaceful , although the yugoslav army occupied the peak of the straža mountain , on the macedonian soil . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by | |
| 299640156 | 1 | . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' | i am moving to | yugoslavia because i am hated ' ' ' the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was | |
| 311073666 | 0 | yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . * famous rock and roll guitarist and historian tony m . drozdjek was born in | [[ | belgrade , 1963 . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ | |
| 313663539 | 2 | council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum | - | – | serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ |
| 314767527 | 0 | = = though the 1974 constitution dampened the institutional and material powers of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 . | after this death the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralysed and thrown into crisis . | = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ | |
| 314884067 | 1 | luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany | at | in | belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and |
| 314888561 | 2 | luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany | in | at | belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and |
| 315047149 | 1 | luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany | at | in | belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and |
| 315141168 | 2 | luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany | in | at | belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and |
| 315205975 | 1 | luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany | at | in | belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and |
| 319569174 | 4 | under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a | ' | kosovan republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was | |
| 319589909 | 11 | under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a | ' | kosovan republic ' . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] | |
| 319701637 | 4 | under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a | ' | kosovan republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was | |
| 319852932 | 11 | under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a | ' | kosovan republic ' . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] | |
| 321354054 | 0 | treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a | genuine | centralised | yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many |
| 321364993 | 1 | treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a | centralised | genuine | yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many |
| 321366842 | 0 | treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a | genuine | centralised | yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many |
| 321368159 | 1 | treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a | centralised | genuine | yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many |
| 321376901 | 0 | treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a | genuine | centralised | yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many |
| 321377434 | 0 | treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a | centralised | genuine | yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many |
| 321393887 | 1 | treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a | genuine | centralised | yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many |
| 321407645 | 0 | user : vatroslav1937 | vatroslav1937 ]] ( [[ user talk : vatroslav1937 | talk ]] ) 15 : 21 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) alexander attempted to create a | centralised | genuine | yugoslavia without cultural and regional self - determination . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the |
| 321543391 | 0 | signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine | centralised | yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many | |
| 321549394 | 0 | signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine | centralised | yugoslavia with almost all political powers vested in the serbian capital of belgrade . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for | |
| 321557491 | 0 | treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a | genuine | centralized | yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many |
| 324698346 | 1 | better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed | the | " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . | |
| 335360288 | 0 | first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 | , and could join before 2010 | . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 | |
| 337768752 | 2 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : | * | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( |
| 337769485 | 2 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : | * | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( |
| 338545828 | 2 | {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : | * | | federal republic of | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( |
| 16 | most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state union of serbia and montenegro = = see also = = * [[ history of | consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on april 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing independence with a non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , albanians formed [[ kosovo liberation army ]] . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until an agreement was brokered between nato and milošević ' s government , with russia acting as intermediary . yugoslavia withdrew its forces from kosovo , in return for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and russia , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 60 governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on october 6 , 2000 . the federal republic of yugoslavia was afterwards admitted to the united nations , at the end of 2000 . on saturday , march 31 , 2001 , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on june 28 he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on february 12 , 2002 , and he died there on 11 march 2006 , while his trial was still ongoing . on april 11 , 2002 , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on february 4 , 2003 , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on may 21 , 2006 , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , reaching the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] . on june 3 , 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > . montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] < / ref > . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 177007031 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * cigar , norman , : ' ' genocide in bosnia : the policy of ethnic - cleansing ' ' . college station : texas a & m university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia ' ' , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 – 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' | history of yugoslavia ]] {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія | ||
| 19 | kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal | yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s | republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state , | ||
| 23 | ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state union of serbia and montenegro = = see also | = = * [[ | history of yugoslavia ]] {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія | ||
| 347207640 | 1 | ]] ' s unequivocal desire to uphold the unity of serbs , a status threatned by each republic breaking away from the federation , in addition to his opposition to the | the | albanian authorities in kosovo , further inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused | |
| 353731294 | 2 | better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed | the | to | " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . |
| 4 | kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the | [[ | kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – | ||
| 356856208 | 0 | ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) . on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ | serbia and montenegro | | state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and | |
| 367694598 | 3 | signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than | three hundred thousand | 300 , 000 | yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi |
| 5 | council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum | – | — | serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ | |
| 11 | forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to [[ croatian home guard | home guard ]] ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful . still | , | slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disaramament of the republics armed forces | ||
| 16 | acting as intermediary . yugoslavia withdrew its forces from kosovo , in return for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia , resulting in 250 | , | 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and russia , although all parties | ||
| 398065480 | 0 | in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at around 80 % of the [[ | demographic history | demographics | of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in |
| 400599300 | 33 | the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | | the kingdom of yugoslavia and its | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was | |
| 405575485 | 2 | rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country | , | were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr | |
| 405575792 | 2 | in the rest of europe ) , coined from slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . in 1929 it was formally renamed | to | the | " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg |
| 405577552 | 6 | after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of | the southern | austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western | |
| 10 | the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 | , | ; | however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist | |
| 15 | liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over | also | [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june | ||
| 426524446 | 0 | an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ | kingdom of italy ( 1861 – 1946 ) | | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed | | |
| 429241423 | 1 | [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap | kosovo | | kosovo ]] which after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation < ref > {{ cite book | last = huntington | first = samuel p . | |
| 438819032 | 2 | of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of | the | eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . its independence is [[ international | |
| 441313646 | 18 | council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum | — | – | serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ |
| 66 | and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april | 17 | , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending 11 days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht | ||
| 105 | }} of how to build a [[ multinational state ]] . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the | [[ serbs | | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ kingdom of italy ( 1861 – 1946 ) | fascist italy ]] and [[ | ||
| 128 | mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on june | 25 , | 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria | ||
| 145 | [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july | 9 | moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january 15 , | ||
| 467907565 | 0 | png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] = = = new states = = = countries created | directly | from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / | |
| 467914600 | 4 | png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] = = = new states = = = countries created | directly | from the former yugoslavia ( with the initial [[ de iure ]] symbols ) , gained [[ un ]] membership 1991 - 2000 : { | class = " wikitable " | |
| 468701811 | 16 | png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] = = = new states = = = countries created | from | after | the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center |
| 33 | kosovo ' s independence was not illegal . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . bbc . co . uk / news / | world - europe - 10730573 | title | blogentry . aspx ? blogentryref | = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 22 july 2010 | publisher = bbc news | accessdate = 23 july 2010 }} < / ref > | |
| 478217075 | 16 | more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and economic crisis = = = the post – [[ world war ii | ]] | yugoslavia was in many respects a model {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} of how to build a [[ multinational state ]] . the federation was constructed against | |
| 484993842 | 0 | = [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] current countries | created after | that emerged from | the collapse of yugoslavia in former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' name ' ' ' < / center > ! |
| 2 | : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] current countries created after the | collapse of yugoslavia in | former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' name ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' | ||
| 493354776 | 1 | . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the | next | third | yugoslavia , known as the federal republic of yugoslavia , existed until 2003 , when it was renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = background = = {{ main |
| 7 | november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = main article : | [[ serbia and montenegro | ]] as yugoslavia began to dissolve and the subsequent [[ yugoslav wars | wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics of serbia and montenegro , which remained relatively | ||
| 495582587 | 0 | of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of | the political entities known as | yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian | |
| 495585323 | 1 | of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of | the political entities known as | yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian | |
| 495585894 | 18 | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of | the political entities known as | yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian | |
| 495666744 | 3 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of | the political entities known as | yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | |
| 24 | png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ | serbo - | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in the western | ||
| 495668696 | 22 | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of | the political entities known as | yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian | |
| 496003893 | 2 | = = [[ file : map of war in yugoslavia , 1992 . png | 300px | thumb | right | yugoslavia at the time of its dissolution , early 1992 | ]] | | image2 = former yugoslavia 2008 . png | caption2 = current state of affairs on the territory of the former yugoslavia , as of 2008 }} | yugoslav successor states : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center |
| 496174460 | 14 | yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and | autonomous | provinces of yugoslavia ]] on 29 november 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was | |
| 497511009 | 0 | fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . | = | = = breakup = = = {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of yugoslavia | |
| 497533808 | 0 | htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > the state was finally officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . in april 2001 , the five successor states | drafted and in june 2001 they | signed the yugoslav agreement on succession issues . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . dipublico . com . ar / english / | |
| 507481081 | 2 | yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * roberts , walter r | walter r roberts : | < http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / walter _ r _ roberts > " | ' ' | tito , mihailovic , and the allies : 1941 – 1945 " . duke university press , 1987 ; isbn 0 - 8223 - 0773 - 1 * sacco , joe |
| 525390790 | 1 | sid = 21100853300901 < / ref > = = = yugosphere = = = the ' ' yugosphere ' ' is a term used to describe the present day physical areas | which | that | formed yugoslavia , as well as culture and influence . {{ clarify | reason = what sort of influence ? what of / from ? | date = june 2012 }} |
| 542256959 | 6 | november 2000 . < ref name = " ebrd country promotion programme " / > from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the united states , referred to the | federal republic of yugoslavia | fry | as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref name = " serbia and montenegro " / > the state was finally officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 |
| 542257478 | 2 | of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognized state . however , numerous countries , including the united states | and various members of the [[ european union ]] | , have recognized kosovo as an independent nation . = = = yugosphere = = = the ' ' yugosphere ' ' is the present - day physical areas that formed | |
| 561302207 | 0 | - 5 * malesevic , sinisa : ideology , legitimacy and the new state : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . * owen , david | . | : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , | |
| 563179561 | 0 | a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic | , | ; | serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb communities within croatia rebelling and trying to |
| 4 | presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes | at a | minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners | ||
| 563180646 | 0 | yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces . when | , | in august 1990 croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army | |
| 1 | = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces . when in august 1990 | , | croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . | ||
| 9 | an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the army was seen as | a | an arm of the | serbian service by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , montenegro | |
| 18 | and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army – houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road | from | ljubljana – zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport were killed . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics | ||
| 563181056 | 0 | july 2006 }} < / ref > in bosnia and herzegovina in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming | a | serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with serbia and montenegro . on 9 january 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly | |
| 563182107 | 1 | the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * 8 october 1991 , when the 9 july moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in | the | croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * 15 january 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * 6 | |
| 3 | s . and most european countries * 28 april 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * 14 december 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by | the | leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | ||
| 563182796 | 0 | [[ yugo - nostalgia ]] . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former | - | yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and this identifier is commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = see | |
| 568473261 | 5 | favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia would not accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of | croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights | the entirety of yugoslavia | . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist |
| 580282779 | 0 | independence referendum , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] . after montenegrin independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the [[ | republic | legal successor ]] | of serbia ]] . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to [[ international recognition of kosovo | an ongoing dispute on |
| 2 | serbia and montenegro as no longer existent . after montenegro ' s independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the [[ | republic | legal successor ]] | of serbia ]] . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognized | |
| 580283018 | 0 | independent nation after the results of a [[ montenegrin independence referendum , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] . after montenegrin independence , serbia became the [[ legal successor ]] of | the union | serbia and montenegro | , while montenegro re - applied for membership in international organizations . . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to [[ |
| 1 | 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] , therefore rendering serbia and montenegro as no longer existent . after montenegro ' s independence , serbia became the [[ legal successor ]] of | the union | serbia and montenegro | , while montenegro re - applied for membership in international organizations . . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an | |
| 582993096 | 0 | josip broz tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent communist state , starting as a prime minister . | {{ fact }} | the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during world war ii is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data | |
| 588344999 | 4 | while the regions of [[ kosovo ]] , [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ vardar macedonia ]] were parts of serbia prior to the unification ) . serbian royal [[ house of | karadjordjevic | karađorđević | ]] , became yugoslav royalty . it gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the conference of ambassadors in paris . < ref > http : / / www . |
| 594475714 | 13 | the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than 300 , 000 yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers | < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ league / 1941 . htm | title = chronology 1929 | author = ' ' [[ indiana university ]] ' ' | publisher = indiana . edu | date = october 2002 }} < / ref > the [[ | axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the fascist militia | |
| 14 | were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | serbians ]] but included 37 , 000 jews . | ]] | occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the fascist militia known as | ||
| 605733772 | 2 | by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was result of [[ corfu declaration ]] , as | a | project of serbian parliament in exile and serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom | |
| 3 | combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was result of [[ corfu declaration ]] , as project of | the | serbian parliament in exile and serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | ||
| 5 | " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was result of [[ corfu declaration ]] , as project of serbian parliament in exile and serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became | the | yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width | ||
| 605734785 | 3 | the flags of yugoslav nations were banned . communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by | [[ vlado chernozemski ]] , | an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] with the cooperation of the [[ ustaše | |
| 606952320 | 6 | / family / index . htm < / ref > the country was named after [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] as their first union ever , after centuries | - long rules | in which the territories had been part | of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] on these territories . renamed [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion |
| 614821972 | 0 | ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and economic crisis = = = | [[ file : ethnic structure of sfr yugoslavia according to 1981 census . jpg | 300px | thumb | right | ethnic structure of sfr yugoslavia according to 1981 census ]] | the yugoslav federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the serbian ruling class ; and a war - time division | |
| 616725067 | 4 | josip broz tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent communist state , starting as a prime minister . | {{ citation needed | date = november 2013 }} | he had the support of moscow and london and led by far the strongest partisan force . < ref > michael lees , ' ' the rape of serbia : the british role in tito ' s grab for power , 1943 - 1944 ' ' ( 1990 ) . < / ref > | the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during world war ii is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data |
| 616726337 | 10 | of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after the intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . | the break between belgrade and moscow was now imminent . < ref > {{ cite book | author1 = john o . iatrides | author2 = linda wrigley | title = greece at the crossroads : the civil war and its legacy | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = vv1t3d _ 3vjkc & pg = pa267 | year = 2004 | publisher = penn state university press | pages = 267 – 73 }} < / ref > | yugoslavia solved the national issue of nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics | |
| 13 | modeled after the [[ soviet union ]] , established six republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was | [[ | belgrade ]] . { | class = " wikitable " | - ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / | ||
| 616888308 | 1 | = new york | isbn = 0 - 313 - 24308 - 5 | page = | pages = }} < / ref > however , he refused to abdicate . | marshall | marshal | tito was nolw in full control , and all opposition elements were eliminated . he executed over 100 , 000 croats and slovenes who had collaborated with the germans . < |
| 4 | , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight | - | member council , serbia could now count on four votes at a minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , vojvodina , and kosovo . as a result of | ||
| 616890253 | 6 | and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a | reorganization of the country . as a result , | new [[ 1974 yugoslav constitution | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic | |
| 11 | were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in | [[ | zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the | ||
| 622094862 | 1 | treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a | centralized | centralised | yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many |
| 27 | ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognized state . however , numerous countries , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have | recognized | recognised | kosovo as an independent nation . = = = yugosphere = = = in 2009 , ' ' [[ the economist ]] ' ' coined the term ' ' yugosphere ' | |
| 623654739 | 0 | republics used versions of the red flag and / or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . = = the 1948 | jugoslavia | yugoslavia | - soviet split = = {{ further | tito – stalin split }} the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro |
| 624526465 | 0 | was ratified in 1974 , which gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and economic crisis = = = | [[ file : ethnic structure of sfr yugoslavia according to 1981 census . jpg | 300px | thumb | right | ethnic structure of sfr yugoslavia according to 1981 census ]] | the yugoslav federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the serbian ruling class ; and a war - time division | |
| 664929829 | 0 | communist european countries had deferred to stalin and rejected the [[ marshall plan ]] aid in 1947 . tito , at first went along and rejected the marshall plan . however | , | in 1948 tito broke decisively with stalin on other issues , making yugoslavia an independent communist state . yugoslavia requested american aid . american leaders were internally divided , but finally | |
| 674434093 | 0 | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) , once spelled and called " | ' ' | jugoslavia " , was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ | |
| 686837499 | 1 | , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . first cracks in the tightly governed system surfaced when students | of the [[ university of | in | belgrade ]] and several other cities joined the worldwide [[ protests of 1968 ]] . president josip broz tito gradually stopped the protests by giving in to some of the students |
| 702550312 | 3 | - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of | [[ | yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the original western border left a population of half a million [[ south | |
| 34 | by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in november 1945 the monarchy was abolished . | [[ | yugoslavia was renamed the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ | ||
| 54 | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > after an economic and political crisis in the 1980s and the rise of nationalism , | [[ | yugoslavia [[ breakup of yugoslavia | broke up ]] along its republics ' borders , at first into five countries , leading to the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . after the | ||
| 702550622 | 0 | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in [[ 2008 ]] . = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the concept of ' ' | [[ | yugoslavia ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] peoples , emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence through the [[ | |
| 10 | ]] of the 19th century . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . | [[ | yugoslavia was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the serbian parliament in exile and the serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became | ||
| 12 | words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the | [[ | serbian parliament in exile and the serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom | ||
| 14 | was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the serbian parliament in exile and the serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the | [[ | yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width | ||
| 702589142 | 3 | - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of | [[ | yugoslavia ]] . first established with the ' ' ' [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] ' ' ' , the original western border left a | |
| 34 | partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 ]] , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in [[ november 1945 ]] the monarchy was abolished . | [[ | yugoslavia ]] was renamed the [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] in [[ 1946 ]] , when a [[ communist government ]] was established . it acquired the | ||
| 80 | south ]] ) and " slaveni " ( [[ slavs ]] ) . [[ yugoslavia ]] was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the | [[ | serbian parliament ]] in exile and the [[ serbian ]] royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the [[ yugoslav ]] royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = | ||
| 84 | the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the [[ serbian parliament ]] in exile and the [[ serbian ]] royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the | [[ | yugoslav ]] royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | | ||
| 716053999 | 1 | very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight - member council , serbia could now count on four votes at a minimum | – | : | serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , vojvodina , and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanians in kosovo | ethnic albanian ]] miners in |
| 725921112 | 3 | 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ | serbo - | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast | |
| 743994176 | 2 | protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , | called | the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced | |
| 768996113 | 5 | pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | | leader2 = [[ josip broz tito ]] | leader3 = [[ stjepan mesić ]] {{ small | ( last ) }} | year _ leader1 = 1945 – 1953 | year _ leader2 = 1953 – 1980 | year _ leader3 = 1991 | | title _ representative = [[ prime minister of yugoslavia | prime minister ]] | representative1 = [[ josip broz tito ]] {{ small | ( first ) }} | representative2 = [[ ante marković ]] {{ small | ( last ) }} | year _ representative1 = 1945 – 1953 | year _ representative2 = 1989 – 1991 | | title _ deputy = [[ | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија , {{ lang - sl | jugoslavija }} , | |
| 6 | - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general | location | secretary of the league of communists | of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија , {{ lang - sl | jugoslavija }} , {{ lang | |
| 9 | ]] and constituted their first union , following centuries in which the territories had been part of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] . renamed the | ' ' ' | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in | ||
| 771008801 | 0 | march ]] . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 - year - old | [[ | king | peter ii of yugoslavia | king peterii ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on 6 april 1941 , followed immediately by an |
| 772700676 | 0 | . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > fry was renamed to the | ' ' ' | [[ | state union of serbia and montenegro ' ' ' in 2003 . serbia and montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | |
| 772701137 | 4 | {{ small | ( last ) }} | year _ representative1 = 1945 – 1953 | year _ representative2 = 1989 – 1991 | | title _ deputy = [[ general | secretary of the league of communists | location | of yugoslavia | general secretary ]] | deputy1 = [[ josip broz tito ]] {{ small | ( first ) }} | deputy2 = [[ milan pančevski ]] {{ small | |
| 15 | ]] and constituted their first union , following centuries in which the territories had been part of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] . renamed the | ' ' ' | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april | ||
| 778242726 | 2 | ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognised borders " , leading to the [[ ten - day war ]] . | as slovenia and croatia fights towards independence , the serbian and croatian forces indulged into a violent and perilous rivalry . < ref name = " : 0 " / > | the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within the next 48 hours . however | |
| 779745544 | 0 | the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > in 2000 , milosevic was trailed for the atrocities he committed and partook in during his ten | - | year ruling in serbia and the yugoslavia war . < ref name = " : 0 " / > eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power | |
| 781116889 | 1 | nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > in 2000 , milosevic was trailed for the atrocities he committed and partook in during his ten - year | ruling | rule | in serbia and the yugoslavia war . < ref name = " : 0 " / > eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president |
| 785635499 | 1 | and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag or | [[ pan - slavic colors | | slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . = = the 1948 yugoslavia - soviet split = = {{ further information | | |
| 805854589 | 0 | = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > [[ serbia and montenegro ]] themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ | republic of kosovo | | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in 2008 . = = background = = {{ main article | creation of yugoslavia }} the concept of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' , as a | |
| 817382760 | 4 | }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | | 300px | general location | image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom | of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian |
| 819821999 | 3 | | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = | [[ yugoslav krone ]] {{ small | ( 1918 – 1920 ) }} < br / > [[ | yugoslav dinar | today = {{ flag | serbia }} < br / > {{ flag | croatia }} < br / > {{ flag | bosnia and herzegovina }} < | |
| 821159759 | 0 | leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , lobbying within the party ranks for a reorganisation of the country . as a result , | a | new [[ 1974 yugoslav constitution | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 , which gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = | |
| 827934807 | 3 | }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | | 300px | general location | image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom | of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian |
| 837392651 | 2 | main article | breakup of yugoslavia }} {{ unreferenced section | date = april 2016 }} [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia - try2 . gif | thumb | right | | 250px | upright = 1 . 15 | | breakup of yugoslavia ]] though the 1974 constitution reduced the power of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 . |
| 847189388 | 1 | yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / > 1945 – 1992 | | status = | {{ small | {{ nobold | 1941 – 1945 : | [[ yugoslav government - in - exile | government - in - exile ]] ( 1941 – 1945 ) | p1 = kingdom of serbia | flag _ p1 = state |
| 848178566 | 1 | yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / > 1945 – 1992 | | status = | {{ small | {{ nobold | 1941 – 1945 : | [[ yugoslav government - in - exile | government - in - exile ]] ( 1941 – 1945 ) | p1 = kingdom of serbia | flag _ p1 = state |
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| 63335817 | 0 | 3rd ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on june 5th , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ | {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} | = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in | |
| 64139811 | 0 | 3rd ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on june 5th , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ | < u style = " display : none ; " > . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . < a href = ' http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com ' > free ringtones < / a > : [ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com download ringtones ] - [ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com download ringtones ] : [ nokia ringtones | http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com ] - [ nokia ringtones | http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com ] : http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com / download / : [[ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com ring tones ]] : [[ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com | ringtones download ]] : " samsung ringtones " http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com : [ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com | ringtones free ] < / u > | = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in | |
| 64139985 | 1 | 3rd ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on june 5th , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ | < u style = " display : none ; " > . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . < a href = ' http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com ' > free ringtones < / a > : [ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com download ringtones ] - [ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com download ringtones ] : [ nokia ringtones | http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com ] - [ nokia ringtones | http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com ] : http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com / download / : [[ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com ring tones ]] : [[ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com | ringtones download ]] : " samsung ringtones " http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com : [ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com | ringtones free ] < / u > | = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in | |
| 119947731 | 0 | [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ | fun | = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , | |
| 119948375 | 0 | [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ | fun | = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , | |
| 170005459 | 0 | [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ | ( hi my name is david and this is not really the article ) | = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ideas for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late | |
| 170005567 | 0 | [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ | ( hi my name is david and this is not really the article ) | = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ideas for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late | |
| 170006244 | 0 | [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ | ' ' ' ( hi miss . johnson now i realize that i can change wikipidia just like you said ! ! ! - david wonson ) ' ' ' - - [[ user : 71 . 252 . 181 . 159 | 71 . 252 . 181 . 159 ]] 01 : 30 , 8 november 2007 ( utc ) david wonson | = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ideas for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late | |
| 170006279 | 0 | [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ | ' ' ' ( hi miss . johnson now i realize that i can change wikipidia just like you said ! ! ! - david wonson ) ' ' ' - - [[ user : 71 . 252 . 181 . 159 | 71 . 252 . 181 . 159 ]] 01 : 30 , 8 november 2007 ( utc ) david wonson | = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ideas for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late | |
| 170006687 | 0 | [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ | ( hi miss . johnson now i realize that i can change wikipidia just like you said ! ! ! - david wonson ) | = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ideas for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late | |
| 170007025 | 0 | [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ | ( hi miss . johnson now i realize that i can change wikipidia just like you said ! ! ! - david wonson ) | = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ideas for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late | |
| 326595989 | 0 | declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ | = = | background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and | |
| 326596210 | 0 | declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ | = = | background {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in | |
| 354554256 | 1 | its statehood is , however , still disputed . < ref name = " kosovo " > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > _ _ toc _ _ | yugoslavia is cool and should be ressurected . | = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia | |
| 354555369 | 1 | statehood is , h owever , still disputed . < ref name = " kosovo " > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > _ _ toc _ _ | yugoslavia is cool and should be ressurected . | = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia |