group 0
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
255620271 0 dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} * [[ image : flag of vojvodina . svg | 25px ]] [[ vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
496199211 0 multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 210 | header = | image1 = flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | caption1 = flag of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia at the time of its dissolution , early 1992 | image2 = banovine jugoslavia . png | caption2 = [[ subdivisions of the kingdom of yugoslavia | banovinas ]] of
656901506 1 / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | {{ dts | 1 march 1992 | 6 april 1992 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 1 march | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] |
5 flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | {{ dts | 25 june 1991 | 8 october 1991 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 25 june | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] |
9 flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | {{ dts | 17 february 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} |
13 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | {{ dts | 8 september 1991 | 8 april 1993 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 8 september | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] |
17 flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | {{ dts | 21 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 3 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 21 may | -
21 flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | {{ dts | 22 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 5 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 15 february | -
25 flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | {{ dts | 25 june 1991 | 7 july 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | 25 june | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 =
818932945 2 | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : grb jugoslavije . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px ]] | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm =
819799425 6 | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : grb jugoslavije . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px ]] | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = history _ of _ yugoslavia . svg | image _ map _ caption = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia
846863177 0 _ span = 1918 – 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = state kingdom of slovenes , croats and serbs | flag _ p2 = flag of the state of slovenes , croats and serbs . svg | s1 = croatia | flag _ s1
857748479 5 | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : grb jugoslavije . svg | 70px ]] | symbol = | symbol _ type = < / small > | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = yugoslavia during [[ interwar period ]] and [[ cold war ]] | latd =
group 1
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
20114 2 ? ) . < i > from the [[ cia world factbook ]] 2000 . not wikified . < / i > * [[ / history | history ]] * [[ yugoslavia / geography | geography ]] * [[ / people | people ]] * [[ / government | government ]] * [[ / economy | economy ]] * [[ / communications |
3 the [[ cia world factbook ]] 2000 . not wikified . < / i > * [[ / history | history ]] * [[ / geography | geography ]] * [[ yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ / government | government ]] * [[ / economy | economy ]] * [[ / communications | communications ]] * [[ / transportation |
7 ]] * [[ / people | people ]] * [[ / government | government ]] * [[ / economy | economy ]] * [[ / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ / military | military ]] * [[ / transnational issues | transnational issues ]]
219507 0 {st@rt} [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium .
952944 1 kosovo ]] region * [[ belgrade ]] - the capital of the federal republic of yugoslavia * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ pristina | pri & # 353 ; tina ]] * [[ nis | ni & # 353 ; ]]
1288560 5 of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , from 1918 to [[ 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to [[ 1941 . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist yugoslavia ]] , which existed from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1992 ]] , under names : * * '
12 ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to [[ 1992 . * [[ serbia and montenegro | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1992 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia '
1338233 3 . the new union of two states is called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / b > ' ' ' yu = = related articles = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]]
1378823 0 [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . < div style = " float : right ; margin - left : 1em " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png | flag of the federal republic of yugoslavia ]] < / div > as a result a federation named
2184559 3 ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities . in serbo - croat , it means " land of southern slavs " from elements of jugo ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) , and slavia ( slavs ) . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs
2345093 0 [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : scg ' ' yu ' ' ( since 2003 ) ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]]
6994800 1 of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . = = yugoslavians are troubling switzerland . they should be terminated * the second was a [[ communist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' . = = = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia
8778650 0 : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 . * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . * dragnich ,
1 : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 . = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[
8778698 2 ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and kosovo was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ' s people organized the abolition of the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and kosovo , though peculiarly enough both
13673402 0 by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslavian ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] =
13682779 0 by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] =
15347537 0 & # 1604 ; & # 1575 ; & # 1601 ; & # 1610 ; & # 1575 ; ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ el : & # 915 ; & # 953 ; & # 959 ; & # 965 ; & # 947 ; & # 954 ; & # 959 ; & # 963 ; & # 955 ; & # 945 ; & # 946 ; & # 943 ; & # 945 ; ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : & # 50976 ; & # 44256 ; & # 49836 ; & # 46972 ; & #
18469162 2 multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic milošević | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . slovenia , croatia
5 [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , which were then both in the [[ austro - hungarian monarchy ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante trumbic | ante trumbi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan mestrovic | ivan me & # 353 ; trovi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ hinko
6 ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante trumbic | ante trumbi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan mestrovic | ivan me & # 353 ; trovi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ hinko hinkovic | hinko hinkovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ franko potocnjak | franko poto &
7 ante trumbi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan mestrovic | ivan me & # 353 ; trovi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ hinko hinkovic | hinko hinkovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ franko potocnjak | franko poto & # 269 ; njak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanovic | nikola stojanovi & #
8 [[ ivan mestrovic | ivan me & # 353 ; trovi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ hinko hinkovic | hinko hinkovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ franko potocnjak | franko poto & # 269 ; njak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanovic | nikola stojanovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ dusan vasiljevic | du & # 353 ;
10 ; ]] and [[ franko potocnjak | franko poto & # 269 ; njak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanovic | nikola stojanovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ dusan vasiljevic | du & # 353 ; an vasiljevi & # 263 ; ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popovic | pavle popovi & # 263 ; ]] ,
11 & # 263 ; ]] and [[ dusan vasiljevic | du & # 353 ; an vasiljevi & # 263 ; ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popovic | pavle popovi & # 263 ; ]] , a representative of [[ nikola pasic | nikola pa & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; ]] ' s [[ serbia ]]
12 ; an vasiljevi & # 263 ; ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popovic | pavle popovi & # 263 ; ]] , a representative of [[ nikola pasic | nikola pa & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; ]] ' s [[ serbia ]] n government , on neutral ground in [[ florence ]] , [[ italy ]]
13 , on neutral ground in [[ florence ]] , [[ italy ]] , in an effort to coordinate their efforts towards building an independent state of western south slavs . [[ lujo vojnovic | lujo vojnovi & # 263 ; ]] was also present as an observer from the kingdom of [[ montenegro ]] . the new " yugoslav " cause ( from ' '
14 passed a new constitution despite a boycott from croatian mps . the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade . in 1928 , [[ punisa racic | puni & # 353 ; a ra & # 269 ; i & # 263 ; ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant
17 senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dusan simovic | du & # 353 ; an simovi & # 263 ; ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year
18 occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ ustashe | usta & # 353 ; e ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the
19 organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla led by colonel [[ draza mihailovic | dra & # 382 ; a mihajlovi & # 263 ; ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the
20 civilian government . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihac | biha & # 263 ; ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war
21 partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - subasic agreement | tito - & # 352 ; uba & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; agreement ]] in june [[ 1944 ]] , however tito was seen as a national hero by
23 of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . this caused the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ ivica racan | ivica ra & # 269 ; an ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization (
24 the majority population , the serbs . this caused the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ ivica racan | ivica ra & # 269 ; an ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in
25 each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ franjo tudjman | franjo tu & # 273 ; man ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who
26 unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ franjo tudjman | franjo tu & # 273 ; man ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march [[ 1990 ]] , the [[
28 ; ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovsek | janez drnov & # 353 ; ek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia ( [[ bogic bogicevic | bogi & # 263 ; bogi & # 263 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for
18506606 0 by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ wars of yugoslavian succession ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] =
22131389 0 [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1594 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1587 ; & # 1604 ; & # 1575
22785116 1 - hungarian monarchy ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante trumbi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan me & # 353 ; trovi & # 263 ; meštrović ]] , [[ hinko hinkovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ franko poto & # 269 ; njak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanovi & # 263 ; ]]
37 ; & # 1575 ; & # 1601 ; & # 1610 ; & # 1575 ; ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ el : & # 915 ; & # 953 ; & # 959 ; & # 965 ; & # 947 ; & # 954 ; & # 959 ; & # 963 ; & # 955 ; & # 945 ; & # 946 ; & # 943 ; & # 945 ; γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : & # 50976 ; & # 44256 ; & # 49836 ; & # 46972 ; &
39 & # 46972 ; & # 48708 ; & # 50500 ; ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : & # 1497 ; & # 1493 ; & # 1490 ; & # 1493 ; & # 1505 ; & # 1500 ; & # 1489 ; & # 1497 ; & # 1492 ; יוגוסלביה ]] [[ lv : dienvidsl & # 257 ; vija ]] [[ mk : & # 1032 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; &
27670369 1 preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ imro imoro ]] ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]]
30228457 0 {st@rt} laura is and ashlyn and brooke are kool cuz she is the the queen ! ! ! ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] ,
30228487 0 {st@rt} laura and ashlyn and brooke are kool cuz she is they are the the queen ! ! ! ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' '
31634463 1 ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ tiger ' s lair ]] * [[ tiger pwns you croatia ]] * [[ tiger world ]] * [[ lawlzs tiger ]] * [[ tiger ' s kingdom ]] * [[ tiger country ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders
4 provinces . the republics were : * [[ tiger ' s lair ]] * [[ tiger pwns you ]] * [[ tiger world ]] * [[ lawlzs tiger ]] * [[ tiger ' s kingdom serbia ]] * [[ tiger country ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina
31961080 34 of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip
36976739 1 - ' ' bosnia - a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = further reading = = * the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , [[ misha glenny ]] isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org /
3 ' ' bosnia - a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = further reading = = * the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war , [[ misha glenny ]] isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia
37621657 0 almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . explaining yugoslavia . * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford ,
1 , co : westview press , 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : columbia university press . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the
3 harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 . * hayden , robert m . blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies ,
37621791 1 along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford
41324385 0 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gil - white , francisco . : [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] historical and investigative research , 2005 . * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' .
41324468 0 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gil - white , francisco . : [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] historical and investigative research , 2005 . * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' .
41776346 1 . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] historical and investigative research , ]] ' ' 2005 . * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ]
44309697 12 [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ es [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[
47183239 5 southslavs . com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net – covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . burek . co . yu burek forum ] the biggest forum in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service 6 april 2006 ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]]
47183247 0 cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) - - [[ user = = external links = = * [ http : 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 | 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 ]] 01 : 16 , 6 april 2006 ( utc ) poop
2 {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) - - [[ user : 70 . 157 southslavs . 68 . 26 | 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 ]] 01 : 16 , 6 april 2006 ( utc ) poop
5 ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) - - [[ user : 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 | 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 ]] 01 : 16 , 6 april 2006 the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net – covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . burek . co . yu burek forum ] the biggest forum in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( utc ) poop
49267272 20 to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] croatians , respectively ) , favored democratisation and economic liberalization , but were voted down . as a result , the slovene and croatian delegations left the congress , and the all
50041322 0 almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a
50649733 4 in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right to self - determination , including secession , which made later break - up easier sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the 1960s and 1970s , the growth of yugoslavia ' s gross domestic product averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years . the state provided housing , health care , education , and child care . citizens lived well on a per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in 1980 dollars ) , with one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - standing serbo - croat disputes ,
55976494 0 / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe the balkans ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]]
56070049 0 previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 : haha i love wikipedia ! ! ! ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : i dont know why we can never use that as a source for history '
2 was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : haha i love wikipedia ! ! ! ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . [[ image : i dont know why we can never use that as a source for history ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : ive always wanted to edit something on that
57385805 0 the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million or ( 38 . 8 per cent were serbs and 2 . 8 million or 23 . 7 per cent were croats . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual
2 slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million or 38 . 8 per cent were serbs and 2 . 8 million or ( 23 . 7 per cent were croats . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new
63327901 11 the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million were [[ serbs ]] ( 38 . 8 percent ) were serbs and 2 . 8 million ( 23 . 7 percent ) were croats . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some
13 slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million ( 38 . 8 percent ) were serbs and 2 . 8 million were [[ croats ]] ( 23 . 7 percent ) were croats . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the
63517403 0 of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz
1 zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito
11 the state provided housing , health care , education , and child care . citizens lived well on a per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in [[ 1980 dollars ) , with one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and
66 kosovo , as well as unification with albania . in 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / world bank group | world bank ]] " shock therapy package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia
63521475 100 ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a video of secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms
145 preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27
65110599 1 gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( erences / ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and
2 cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) > tags --> < references / > ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard
4 gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard
65111992 0 apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of
67552320 0 europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[
74741778 0 timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]]
76674084 4 ]] [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " shock _ therapy " package , which was then introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect
77742446 0 and slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . i want to have sex wed you , baby ! ! [[ media : example . ogg ]] š = = headline text = = i want to have sex , then a little girl baby ! like you , baby ! mabye , a little baby ! ! [[
79348366 0 began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . heyy cutiee ! ! = ] heyycutiee ! ! = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them increasingly seriously , especially as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] , which was a very real concern . in [[ 1915 ]] , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . ]] although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , [[ bačka ]] and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared a carve - up of croat lands between serbia and italy . there were also quarrels about the designation and command of units of south slav pows in russia now being mobilised to fight with the allies . the yugoslav committee wanted them to fight in the yugoslav name , while [[ nikola pašić ]] ( prime minister of serbia ) seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . = ] = = = the unification of south slavs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in
2 fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . heyy cutiee ! ! = ] heyycutiee ! ! = ] = = = the unification of south slavs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats
80302929 3 slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters the choice was obvious for two reasons . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]]
80325417 0 ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 . * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde :
84394375 0 office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] , [[ 2000 ]] . [[ image : banknoteyug . jpg | 300px | left | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] bill note of 50 & nbsp ; [[ 1000000000 ( number ) | billion ]] [[ yugoslav dinar | dinars ]] ( 1993 ) ]] on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] ,
85539858 0 : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 . brad k . blitz ( ed . ) * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford ,
1 , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . war and change in the balkans . nationalism , conflict and cooperation ' ' . cambridge : cambridge university press , 2006 [ paperback isbn - 139780521677738 , isbn - 100521677734 ] * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . :
2 , co : westview press , 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : * bunce , valerie 1999 ' ' subversive institutions ' ' . cambridge : cambridge university press * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gutman
3 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * conversi , daniele ' central secession : towards a new analytical concept ? the case of former yugoslavia ' , ' ' journal of ethnic and migration studies ' ' , vol . 26 , no . 2 , april 2000 , pp . 333 - 356 * cushman , tom ' ' critical theory and the war in croatia and bosnia ' ' . seattle : university of washington press / henry m . jackson school of international studies ( ' the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies ' , nº 13 , 1998 ) * cushman , tom and stipe mestrovic ( eds ) ' ' this time we knew . western responses to the war in bosnia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the
5 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 . * djuric , ivana 2003 ‘the croatian diaspora in north america : identity , ethnic solidarity , and the formation of a ‘transnational national community ’ ’ , international journal of politics , culture and society , vol . 17 , no . 1 , macmillan , 1993 . * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101
6 ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . 2003 , pp . 113 - 130 * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies ,
7 2002 . * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . new york : * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 . * owen , david : '
13 gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' co : westview press , 2002 [ 3rd edition ] * ramet , sabrina p 2004 ‘explaining the yugoslav meltdown . “for a charm of pow ’ rful trouble , like a hell , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia
15 journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 63 * ramet , sabrina p 2006 ' ' thinking about yugoslavia : scholarly debates about the yugoslav breakup and the wars in bosnia and kosovo ' ' . cambridge : cambridge university press * simms , brendan 2001 ' ' unfinest hour : how britain helped to destroy bosnia ' ' . allen lane / penguin press - 026101 - x = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[
85546527 1 = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * brad k . blitz ( ed . ) ' ' the fall 2003 , pp . 113 - 130 * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the "
4 press * ramet , sabrina p . ' ' balkan babel . the disintegration of yugoslavia from the death of tito to the insurrection in kosovo ' ' . bouder , co : westview press , 2002 [ 3rd edition ] * ramet , sabrina p 2004 ‘explaining the yugoslav meltdown . “for a charm of pow ’ rful trouble , like a hell isbn 0 - broth boil and bubble ” : theories about the roots of the yugoslav troubles ’ , ' ' nationalities papers ' ' , vol . 32 , no . 4
5 press , 2002 [ 3rd edition ] * ramet , sabrina p 2004 ‘explaining the yugoslav meltdown . “for a charm of pow ’ rful trouble , like a hell - broth boil and bubble ” : theories about the roots of the yugoslav troubles ’ , ' ' nationalities papers ' ' , vol . 32 , no . 4 , december 2004 , pp . 731 14 - 63 * ramet , sabrina p 2006 ' ' thinking about yugoslavia : scholarly debates about the yugoslav breakup and the wars in bosnia and kosovo ' ' . cambridge
7 = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * brad k . blitz ( ed . ) ' ' war and change in the balkans . nationalism , conflict and cooperation ' ' . cambridge : cambridge university press , 2006 [ paperback isbn - 139780521677738 , isbn - 100521677734 ] * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford ,
8 : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 . * bunce , valerie 1999 ' ' subversive institutions ' ' . cambridge : cambridge university press * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . :
10 ) * cushman , tom and stipe mestrovic ( eds ) ' ' this time we knew . western responses to the war in bosnia ' ' . new york : new york university press , 1996 * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * djuric
11 , 1996 * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * djuric , ivana 2003 ‘the croatian diaspora in north america : identity , ethnic solidarity , and the formation of a ‘transnational national community ’ ’ , international journal of politics , culture and society , vol . 17 , no . 1 , fall 2003 , pp . 113 - 130 * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the "
12 solidarity , and the formation of a ‘transnational national community ’ ’ , international journal of politics , culture and society , vol . 17 , no . 1 , fall 2003 , pp . 113 - 130 * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' .
14 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 . * hodge , carole 1999 the serb lobby in the united kingdom . seattle : university of washington press / henry m . jackson school of international studies ( ' the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies ' , nº no . 22 , 1999 ) * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies ,
17 about the roots of the yugoslav troubles ’ , ' ' nationalities papers ' ' , vol . 32 , no . 4 , december 2004 , pp . 731 - 63 * ramet , sabrina p 2006 ' ' thinking about yugoslavia : scholarly debates about the yugoslav breakup and the wars in bosnia and kosovo ' ' . cambridge : cambridge university press * simms , brendan 2001 ' ' unfinest hour : how britain helped to destroy bosnia ' ' . allen lane / penguin press * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 . * owen , david : '
87450897 5 , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th cousin 20 removed , and your mom . < / s > { | class momclass = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | row 1 , cell 2 | row
87452403 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ this is the only reliable information on this page the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] . yuogoslavia is my favorite place . in there you can have rotten egg battles with your mother , cousin , uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother ,
7 toc _ _ this is the only reliable information on this page . yuogoslavia is my favorite place . in there you can have rotten egg battles with your mother , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the , cousin , uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th
8 _ this is the only reliable information on this page . yuogoslavia is my favorite place . in there you can have rotten egg battles with your mother , cousin , century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as , uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th cousin 20
11 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th cousin 20 removed , and your momclass = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 it began to raise funds , cell 1 | row 1 , cell 2 | row 1 , cell 3 | - | row 2 , cell 1 | row 2 , cell 2 | row
12 removed , 19th cousin 20 removed , and your momclass = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | row 1 especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , cell 2 | row 1 , cell 3 | - | row 2 , cell 1 | row 2 , cell 2 | row 2 , cell 3 | }
13 , and your momclass = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | row 1 , cell 2 | row 1 the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , cell 3 | - | row 2 , cell 1 | row 2 , cell 2 | row 2 , cell 3 | } = = kingdom of serbs ,
14 wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | row 1 , cell 2 | row 1 , cell 3 | - | row 2 which began to take them increasingly seriously , cell 1 | row 2 , cell 2 | row 2 , cell 3 | } = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main |
15 header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | row 1 , cell 2 | row 1 , cell 3 | - | row 2 , cell 1 | row 2 especially as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , cell 2 | row 2 , cell 3 | } = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ image
16 - | row 1 , cell 1 | row 1 , cell 2 | row 1 , cell 3 | - | row 2 , cell 1 | row 2 , cell 2 | row 2 its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] , cell 3 | } = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg |
21 the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ this is the only reliable information on this page . yuogoslavia is my favorite place . in there you can have rotten egg battles with your mother , cousin , uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th
22 toc _ _ this is the only reliable information on this page . yuogoslavia is my favorite place . in there you can have rotten egg battles with your mother , cousin , uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th cousin 20
25 aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th cousin 20 removed , and your momclass = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | row 1 , cell 2 | row 1 , cell 3 | -
26 , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th cousin 20 removed , and your momclass = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | row 1 , cell 2 | row 1 , cell 3 | - | row 2 ,
87596151 4 , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state :
6 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being
8 introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to
10 of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia
12 break - up of the country . they were aided by the us government ' s stance of sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with the " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme . indeed , it is likely that the internal dynamics towards yugoslav collapse into civil war may have been inadvertently
87847188 12 a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) " ( [[ 1943 ]] ) , the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) " ( [[ 1946 ]] ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of
13 socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) " ( [[ 1943 ]] ) , the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) " ( [[ 1946 ]] ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]]
14 including the " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) " ( [[ 1943 ]] ) , the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) " ( [[ 1946 ]] ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) " ( [[ 1963 ]] ) . it disintegrated following the [[ yugoslav wars
15 " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) " ( [[ 1943 ]] ) , the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) " ( [[ 1946 ]] ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) " ( [[ 1963 ]] ) . it disintegrated following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] ,
16 people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) " ( [[ 1946 ]] ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) " ( [[ 1963 ]] ) . it disintegrated following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] , which led to the secession of most of the constituent elements of the sfry . the ' '
17 s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) " ( [[ 1946 ]] ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) " ( [[ 1963 ]] ) . it disintegrated following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] , which led to the secession of most of the constituent elements of the sfry . the ' ' ' federal
20 - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . ! header 2 during the early period of the world war i ( which started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south
48 and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] - metohija form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip
56 the state provided housing , health care , education , and child care . citizens lived well on a per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in [[ 1980 ]] dollars ) , with one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government
67 as well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image : ante marković . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ ante marković ]] ]] in [[ 1989 ]] [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock
89768655 12 sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates - arabia ]] , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had
14 graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and [[ al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign
15 the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ]] ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central
90777430 0 , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . * conversi , daniele : " german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia " , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gutman
92352043 1 and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = yeah so . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them more seriously as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] became more uncertain . . = = = corfu agreement = = = during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july
2 serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = yeah so . . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] . = = = corfu agreement = = = during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]]
93924283 0 pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] [[ hsb : južnosłowjanska juhosłowjanska ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be
94134661 4 [[ kosova ]] in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ un ]] from since [[ 1999 ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia
95371782 0 ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 . * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 . * owen , david : '
95508011 0 2002 . * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * http : / /
99090370 0 precise borders varied over the years . ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[
99320888 1 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[
103590946 0 axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ october 8 june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation
1 , which led to the secession of most of the constituent elements of the sfry . the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( [[ april 27 ]] , [[ 1992 - 2003 ) was a [[ federation ]] on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the
105304410 0 [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 1945 ]] & ndash ; [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various
105328602 0 [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various
106967013 1 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of idiots ( dfi dfy ) " ( 1943 ) , the " federal people ' s republic of poopheads ( fprp ) " ( 1946 ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of
3 , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of idiots ( dfi ) " ( 1943 ) , the " federal people ' s republic of poopheads ( fprp fpry ) " ( 1946 ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of dumbdumbs ]] ( sfrd ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated following the [[ yugoslav wars
5 1943 ) , the " federal people ' s republic of poopheads ( fprp ) " ( 1946 ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of dumbdumbs ]] ( sfrd sfry ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] , which led to the secession of most of the constituent elements of the sfry . the
107864960 3 since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . the stale - mate in the presidency further destabilized the country . [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian
107899114 24 . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes didn ' t vote favorably to serbia proper . [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian
107938591 8 of michigan press , 2000 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned
35 the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford ,
36 choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 . * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . :
37 spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 . * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . * conversi ,
38 center , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . * conversi , daniele : " german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia " , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies
39 german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' .
40 ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 . * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520
41 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 . * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 .
42 . * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies ,
43 ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 093 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 .
44 societies , 1983 . ed 236 093 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 .
45 barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * kohlmann , evan
46 . ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 ,
48 - 85973 - 807 - 9 . * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 . * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde :
49 allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 . * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics
50 a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 . * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 . * [[
52 , 2002 . * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall
53 through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * http : / /
109143757 0 german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' .
2 roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : new york : macmillan , 1993 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 .
110342951 7 , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . " = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( blair , t . " the new - labour manifesto " ) furthermore , the latin name for yugoslavia - " comtominus " - is literally translated to mean sub
110817216 0 the precise borders varied over the years ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[
111623983 0 ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] {{ link fa | no }} [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[
111868326 1 by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . well the people sucked dick to get liberated second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and fuckin fucked 24 hours a day so that they could get free porn . . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png |
8 officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = headline text = = = = headline text further reading = = pussy fartin faggit = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are
9 , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = headline text = = = = headline text = = pussy fartin faggit * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : " german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia " , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and
114629889 0 positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most present - day independent states yugonostalgic sentiments are considered improper . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . pooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooop ! ! = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] {{ yug - timeline }} = =
114629970 0 positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most present - day independent states yugonostalgic sentiments are considered improper . = = miscellaneous = = pooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooop ! ! * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] {{ yug - timeline }} = =
117552842 0 january , 2002 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of
117829193 0 [[ nazi ]] policies . aleksandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures ,
1 ]] policies . aleksandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the
120425376 0 ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ gl : iugoslavia - југославија
121446205 1 of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic latinic transliterations gaj ' s latin alphabet | latinic ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " )
129945432 0 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! wooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo peee pee i love ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
131422302 0 through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 glenny , misha , ' ' the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' .
1 yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * * [[ misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * [ http : / /
135831353 3 : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]]
137226277 2 ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed
139904818 0 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * glenny , misha , ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd
144548416 1 mussolini ]] had previously been repelled ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) . = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia =
144797499 0 gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english : language | english ]] : [[ south slavia " ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]]
146990528 0 independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . marija serfovic = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is sxc ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png
161061783 0 balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ films about yugoslavia revolution ]] {{ yug - timeline }} anthony you are wrong = = references = = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name
237997993 0 countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg
243549350 1 * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia fugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions .
243549424 1 * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander iv of fugoslavia yugoslavia | alexander iv ]] banned national political parties in 1529 , assumed executive power and renamed the country fugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist assions .
247526296 2 forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the [[ austria ]] n austrian [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial
247935764 2 austrian ]] part , and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png svg | thumb | 200px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty
25 albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of the > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image :
250982182 1 been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' with the european union . < gallery caption = " flags of the new recognized states " perrow = 3 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[
251007548 3 [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute by serbia ]] ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[
251363174 6 [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute by serbia ]] ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[
251645066 8 ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana prishtina ]] , # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo -
252009872 0 by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < gallery caption = " flags of the new recognized states " perrow = 3 4 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg |
252030779 0 by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < gallery caption = " flags of the new recognized states " perrow = 4 3 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg |
252034361 0 by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < gallery caption = " flags of the new recognized states " perrow = 3 4 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg |
257724941 0 the european union . since january 1 , 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < center > < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 4 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and
1 encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 4 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg |
257769716 44 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < center > < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg |
262054633 9 / center > < / gallery > [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces . ]] [[ image file : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] . ]] [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right |
25 = = = breakup = = = [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ image file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to
268691607 0 {st@rt} {{ { ghfhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh { refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png
268701907 0 {st@rt} { ghfhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh { {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png
284695040 48 with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ( city ) | split ]] , croatia , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving it through a crowd of people .
313663539 10 books . new york , 1994 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of
318046156 15 serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : }} | 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[
17 [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] | style = " }} : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center >
34 [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center
321377060 1 access for jews . a secret protocol was attached to the axis pact which promised yugoslavia access to the aegean sea at the expense of greece in the new order . ( see also - - [[ user : vatroslav1937 | vatroslav1937 ]] ( [[ user talk : vatroslav1937 | talk ]] ) 13 : 28 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) serbian pro
323761924 0 constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia fyrom ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and
323785278 0 constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr fyrom macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and
336876769 0 michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new
1 press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york
337480691 2 constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia skopje ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and
337480914 2 constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr skopje macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and
340419473 4 : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries
365758207 0 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 - 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * roberts , walter r | walter r roberts : < http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / walter _ r _ roberts > " tito , mihailovic , and the allies : 1941 - 1945 " . duke university press , 1987 ; isbn 0 - 8223 - 0773 - 1 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura
376903215 0 lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 * malesevic , sinisa : ideology , legitimacy and the new state : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state -
387354520 2 = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = references = = ' ' ' notes : ' ' ' { | class = = = notes = = = {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new
394554278 2 , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / " > atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april
400599300 6 < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jugoslavia . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the kingdom of yugoslavia and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main |
75 . * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of
404799827 0 the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] who after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / news . ) < ref > {{ cite book | last = huntington | first = samuel p . | title = [[ the clash of civilizations | the clash of civilizations
429684161 0 : yugoslavia ]] [[ kn : ಯುಗೊಸ್ಲಾವಿಯ ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ rw : yugosilaviya ]] [[ ky : югославия ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ ku : yûgoslaviya yûgoslavya ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ mr : युगोस्लाव्हिया ]] [[ arz : يوجوسلافيا ]]
441313646 38 www . reuters . com / article / worldnews / idustre49780c20081008 | title = u . n . backs serbia in judicial move on kosovo & # 124 ; international | publisher agency = reuters | date = 2008 - 10 - 08 | accessdate = 2009 - 07 - 20 }} < / ref > on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled
52 bbc . co . uk / 2 / hi / special _ report / 1998 / kosovo / 110492 . stm | title = history , bloody history | publisher = [[ bbc news ]] | date = march 24 , 1999 | accessdate = december 29 , 2010 }} < / ref > ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated
69 , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs ]] but included 37 , 000 [[ jews ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20
133 cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = 1991 - 09 - 25 | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in
153 / www . bbc . co . uk / news / world - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 2010 - 07 - 22 | publisher = bbc news | accessdate = 2010 - 07 - 23 }} < / ref > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = {{ main
446485759 1 self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid | asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the
3 still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the
459204643 0 ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ ku : yûgoslavya ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ ml : യുഗോസ്ലാവിയ ]] [[ mr : युगोस्लाव्हिया ]] [[ arz : يوجوسلافيا ]] [[ ms : yugoslavia ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[
467914600 5 entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] = = = new states = = = countries created directly from the former yugoslavia ( with the initial [[ de iure ]] symbols ) , gained [[ un ]] membership 1991 - 2000 : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! <
468701811 32 ruled that kosovo ' s independence was not illegal . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . bbc . co . uk / news ecclblog / world - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 22 july 2010 | publisher = bbc news | accessdate =
34 < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . bbc . co . uk / news / world - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court 7915 | publisher = the university of edinburgh school of law | author = ljubica spaskovska | date = 22 july 2010 | publisher = bbc news | accessdate = 23 july 2010 }} < / ref > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties =
478217075 22 formed yugoslavia , as well as culture and influence . < ref > {{ cite web | title = former yugoslavia patches itself together : entering the yugosphere | publisher = [[ the economist ]] | date = 2009 - 08 - 20 | url = http : / / www . economist . com / node / 14258861 | accessdate = 2011
492334641 0 , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 - 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 – 1999 ' '
1 sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 - 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 – 1999 ' ' (
2 : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 - 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 – 1999 ' ' ( london
3 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 - 521 46705 5 * malesevic , sinisa : ideology , legitimacy and the new state : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . * owen ,
4 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 - 46705 5 * malesevic , sinisa : ideology , legitimacy and the new state : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . * owen , david
5 [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 - 5 * malesevic , sinisa : ideology , legitimacy and the new state : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . * owen , david :
492376913 1 kosovo ]] ( disputed ) < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ }} ( disputed ) < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]]
492692066 3 > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < /
6 > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < /
9 | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ kosovo ]] }} ( disputed ) < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px |
13 : < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 25px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < /
496003280 15 of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] countries that emerged from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' name ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' '
20 > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia
27 | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ kosovo ]] }} ( disputed ) < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file
29 : < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 25px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia
499510336 0 2008 . png | caption2 = current state of affairs on the territory of the former yugoslavia , as of 2008 }} yugoslav successor states : { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' '
500174054 0 district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' number ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' name ' ' ' < /
3 2008 . png | caption2 = current state of affairs on the territory of the former yugoslavia , as of 2008 }} yugoslav successor states : { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' '
507481081 0 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * [[ walter roberts ( writer ) | roberts , walter r | walter r roberts : < http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / walter _ r _ roberts > " tito ,
3 < http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / walter _ r _ roberts > " tito , mihailovic , and the allies : 1941 – 1945 " ' ' . duke university press , 1987 ; isbn 0 - 8223 - 0773 - 1 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia
510573869 0 ]] [[ tl : yugoslabya ]] [[ ta : யுகோஸ்லாவியா ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ ur : یوگوسلاویہ ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ zh - classical : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ yi : יוגאסלאוויע ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]]
523821978 0 : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ sh : jugoslavija ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ tl : yugoslabya ]] [[ ta : யுகோஸ்லாவியா யுகோசுலாவியா ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ ur : یوگوسلاویہ ]] [[ vi : nam tư
537097237 8 = fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < " / ref > from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the united states , referred to the federal republic of yugoslavia as " serbia and montenegro " . <
539572794 4 ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ tl : yugoslabya ]] [[ ta : யுகோசுலாவியா ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ ur : یوگوسلاویہ ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ zh - classical : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ yi : יוגאסלאוויע ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]]
542274104 0 by other former republics . the united nations also [[ united nations security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . < ref name = " mpil . de " < ref name = " mpil . de " > {{ cite book | url = http : / > eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country dropped those aspirations , accepted the opinion
1 united nations security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . < ref name = " mpil . de " / / www . mpil . de / shared / data / pdf / pdfmpunyb / wood _ 1 . pdf | title = max planck yearbook of united nations law | chapter = participation of former yugoslav states in the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country dropped those aspirations , accepted the opinion of
544374238 0 = the state of affairs of the territory of the former yugoslavia , 2008 }} the successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! < center > [[ list of countries | name ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ capital city | capital ]] < center > !
547327217 9 < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ;
60 = the state of affairs of the territory of the former yugoslavia , 2008 }} the successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! < center > [[ list of countries | name ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ capital city | capital ]] < center > !
553243882 0 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html djilas , milovan : ' ' land without justice ' ' , [ with ] introd . and notes by william jovanovich . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher ,
1 . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt , brace and co . , 1958 . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' '
2 bosnia 1992 – 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . new york : penguin books , 1997 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking ,
561302207 1 5 * malesevic , sinisa : ideology , legitimacy and the new state : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . * owen , david : * pavlowitch , steven . ' ' hitler ' s new disorder ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918
2 : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 the second world war in yugoslavia ' ' ( 2008 ) [ http : / / www . amazon . com / hitlers - new - disorder - yugoslavia - columbia / dp / 0231700504 / excerpt and text search ] * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 *
563182953 0 language | croatian ]] , and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as ' ' [[ yugo - nostalgia ]] . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former
569325923 0 a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 * hornyak , arpad . ' ' hungarian - yugoslav diplomatic relations , 1918 - 1927 ' ' ( east european monographs , distributed by columbia university press ; 2013 ) 426 pages * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american
578696012 0 | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] < ref name = " spencer tucker 2005 " > ' ' ' cite error : the named reference spencer _ tucker _ 2005 was invoked but never defined ' ' ' < / > , the western border left a population of half a million slavs < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul
1 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] < ref name = " spencer tucker 2005 " / ref > , the western border left a population of half a million slavs < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n
578720338 1 relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = notes = = {{ reflist | group = lower - roman }} notes and references = = {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs
582992172 0 . later , the government renamed the country leading to the first official use of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' in 1929 . = = = king alexander = = = on 20 june 1928 serb deputy puniša račić shot at five members of the opposition croatian peasant party in the [[ parliament of yugoslavia | national assembly ]] resulting in the death of two deputies on the spot and in leader [[ stjepan radić ]] a few weeks later . {{ sfn | ramet | 2006 | p = 73 }} on 6 january 1929 king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist
3 [ http : / / www . amazon . com / hitlers - new - disorder - yugoslavia - columbia / dp / 0231700504 / excerpt and text search ] * {{ cite book | last = ramet , sabrina . ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * [[
4 http : / / www . amazon . com / hitlers - new - disorder - yugoslavia - columbia / dp / 0231700504 / excerpt and text search ] * ramet , | first = sabrina . ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * [[ walter roberts
7 - columbia / dp / 0231700504 / excerpt and text search ] * ramet , sabrina . ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : 2005 | publisher = indiana university press , 2006 * [[ walter roberts ( writer ) | roberts , walter r . ]] : ' ' tito , mihailovic , and the allies : 1941
8 text search ] * ramet , sabrina . ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 | location = bloomington | isbn = 978 - 0 - 253 - 34656 - 8 | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = ftw3leqi2 - oc & printsec = frontcover | ref = harv }} * [[ walter roberts ( writer ) | roberts , walter r . ]] : ' ' tito , mihailovic , and the allies : 1941 – 1945 ' ' .
588344999 23 overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power in 2000 , the fry rescinded those aspirations , accepting the opinion of the [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november 2000 . serbia < ref name = " ebrd country promotion programme " > {{ cite web | title = fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http : / / www .
588346260 1 countries , including the united states , had referred to the fry as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' . < ref name = " serbia and montenegro " / / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > ) in april 2001 , the five successor states extant at the time drafted an agreement on succession issues , signing the agreement in june 2001 . < ref >
590769471 2 . co . uk / conversi / german . html * djilas , milovan : ' ' land without justice ' ' , [ with ] introd . and notes by [[ william jovanovich . new york : harcourt , brace and co . , 1958 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in
3 . uk / conversi / german . html * djilas , milovan : ' ' land without justice ' ' , [ with ] introd . and notes by william jovanovich ]] . new york : harcourt , brace and co . , 1958 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia '
590801135 0 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * [[ milovaj milovan djilas | djilas , milovan ]] : ' ' land without justice ' ' , [ with ] introd . and notes by [[ william jovanovich ]] . new york :
595497490 0 + few + hundred + italians & lr = & sig = acfu3u1d _ etppjl - 3k8nsyws4mfuun44sq a low dishonest decade : italy , the powers and eastern europe , 1918 - 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] , cutting off a quarter of
3 columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 177007031 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford ,
620300269 1 federal capital was belgrade . the policy focused on a strong central government under the control of the communist party , and on recognition of the multiple nationalities . < ref > {{ cite book | author1 name = arnold and wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id =
2 focused on a strong central government under the control of the communist party , and on recognition of the multiple nationalities . < ref > {{ cite book | author1 = arnold and wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http : / / " books . google . com / books ? id = xrd6y - oifpac & pg = pa216 | year = 2012 | | page = 216 }} < / ref >
622094862 24 ! ! [[ capital city | capital ]] ! ! [[ flag ]] ! ! [[ coat of arms ]] ! ! declared date of independence ! ! official state - recognized recognised date of independence ! ! public holiday used to celebrate independence | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ;
641770502 0 : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 177007031 1 - 77007 - 031 - 1 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford ,
656901506 0 former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! [[ list of countries | name ]] ! ! [[ capital city | capital ]] ! [[ flag ]] ! [[ flag ]] ! ! [[ coat of arms ]] ! ! declared date of independence ! ! official state - recognised date of independence ! ! public holiday used
686237393 0 of half a million [[ south slavs ]] < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ http https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = noalhezkydkc & pg = pa45 & dq = % 22the + treaty + left + half + a
702550312 18 . the serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in [[ paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the country was named after
702550622 6 17th century and gained prominence through the [[ illyrian movement ]] of the 19th century . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( [[ south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the serbian parliament in exile and
7 century and gained prominence through the [[ illyrian movement ]] of the 19th century . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ]] ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the serbian parliament in exile and the
702589142 18 [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on [[ 13 july ]] [[ 1922 ]] at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in [[ paris ]] . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the country was named
74 and gained prominence through the [[ illyrian movement ]] of the [[ 19th century ]] . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( [[ south ]] ) and " slaveni " ( [[ slavs ]] ) . [[ yugoslavia ]] was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the
75 prominence through the [[ illyrian movement ]] of the [[ 19th century ]] . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( [[ south ]] ) and " slaveni " ( [[ slavs ]] ) . [[ yugoslavia ]] was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the [[ serbian
730832904 1 {{ wikiquote | yugoslavia }} {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} {{ eb1922 poster }} * {{ wikiatlas | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . ohr . int : 80 / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * {{ cite americana | wstitle = jugoslavia | author = milivoy s . stanoyevich | short = x }} * [
741833870 0 michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 * hornyak , arpad . ' ' hungarian - yugoslav diplomatic relations , 1918 – 1927 ' ' ( east european monographs , distributed
1 , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 * hornyak , arpad . ' ' hungarian - yugoslav diplomatic relations , 1918 – 1927 ' ' ( east european monographs , distributed by columbia university press ;
754485190 1 of countries | name ]] ! [[ capital city | capital ]] ! [[ flag ]] ! [[ coat of arms ]] ! declared date of independence ! official state - recognised date of independence states / | title = member states | publisher = united nations }} < / ref > ! public holiday used to celebrate independence | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em " | [[ file :
768996279 0 = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = notes = = {{ reflist | group = lower - roman }} {{ reflist | group = lower - alpha }} = = references = = {{ reflist | 30em }} * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc
772701137 23 = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = notes = = {{ reflist | group = lower - roman }} {{ reflist | group = lower - alpha }} = = references = = {{ reflist | 30em }} * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc
779051255 0 | title = the world transformed 1945 to the present | last = hunt | first = michael | publisher = oxford university press | year = 2014 | isbn = 9780193371020 978 - 0 - 19 - 937102 - 0 | location = new york | pages = 522 }} < / ref > other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of [[ greater
788334299 0 york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . {{ isbn 1 - 77007 - 031 - 1 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform
3 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 {{ isbn 1 - 4039 - 7286 - 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers ,
6 : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , {{ isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the "
9 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , {{ isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history :
15 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , {{ isbn 0 - 521 - 46705 - 5 * malesevic , sinisa : ideology , legitimacy and the new state : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge ,
18 ) | roberts , walter r . ]] : ' ' tito , mihailovic , and the allies : 1941 – 1945 ' ' . duke university press , 1987 ; {{ isbn 0 - 8223 - 0773 - 1 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 – 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics
792851831 4 university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia ' ' , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian
794643300 2 leading to the [[ ten - day war ]] . as slovenia and croatia  fights towards independence ,  the serbian and croatian forces indulged into a violent and perilous rivalry . & nbsp ; < ref name = " : 0 " / > the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry
819797470 1 and croatia = = new states = = the successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! [[ list of countries sovereign states | name ]] ! [[ capital city | capital ]] ! [[ flag ]] ! [[ coat of arms ]] ! declared date of independence ! [[ united nations ]] membership
819802470 2 1995 , the [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by the leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina , and croatia = = new states = = the successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : . < ref name = " successor agreement " / > { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! [[ list of sovereign states | name ]] ! [[ capital city | capital ]] ! [[ flag ]] ! [[ coat
819803596 0 croatia = = new states = = according to the succession agreement signed in vienna on 29 june 2001 , all assets of former yugoslavia were divided between five successor states . : < ref name = " successor agreement " / > { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! [[ list of sovereign states | name ]] ! [[ capital city
820178056 0 ' jugoslavija ' ' < br / > југославија | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / > 1943 - 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia {{ ! }} serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = state
820178588 0 ' jugoslavija ' ' < br / > југославија | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / > 1943 – 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia {{ ! }} serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = state
823677880 1 _ type = flag ( 1945 - 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = grb jugoslavije . svg | symbol _ type = emblem ( 1963 - 1992 ) | symbol _ type _ article = emblem of yugoslavia | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = | latd
845969538 2 of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( pre - 1945 ) < br / > bottom : flag ( post 1945 - 1945 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file
846864398 5 national _ anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 – 45 1945 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 – 92 ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]]
847058705 0 native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / > 1945 – 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = kingdom of montenegro | flag
847129875 2 1919 & ndash ; 1941 ) < br / > [[ file : national anthem of the kingdom of yugoslavia . oga ]] - - - - " [[ hej , sloveni slaveni ]] " ( 1945 & ndash ; 1992 ) < br / > [[ file : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] | capital = [[
847192222 0 slavs . ogg ]] | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 – 1945 1941 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 – 1992 ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]]
853814420 1 . archive . org / web / 20000816214535 / http : / / www . cia . gov : 80 / cia / publications / factbook / sr . html | dead - url = yes | archive - date = 16 august 2000 | title = cia - - the world factbook 1999 - - serbia and montenegro | date = 16 august 2000 | publisher = }} < / ref > in april 2001
855762306 0 : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . * owen , david . ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * pavlowitch , stevan k . ' ' the improbable survivor : yugoslavia and its problems , 1918 - 1988 ' ' ( 1988 ) . [ https : / / archive . org / details / improbablesurviv0000pavl online free to borrow ] * pavlowitch , stevan k . ' ' tito - - yugoslavia ' s great dictator : a reassessment ' ' ( 1992 ) [ https : / / archive . org / details / titoyugoslaviasg00pavl online free to borrow ] * pavlowitch , steven . ' ' hitler ' s new disorder : the second world war in yugoslavia ' ' ( 2008 ) [ https : / / www .
857748479 1 | 120px | border ]] | image _ flag2 = [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag 1918 – 1941 < br / > bottom : 1945 – 1992 ) < / small > ( 1918 – 1941 ) < br / > bottom : flag ( 1945 – 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat
group 2
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
42217788 0 ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] [[ cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the [[ balkan peninsula
42544173 0 joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croat ]] - [[ slovenian people | slovenian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance
74530305 0 {st@rt} {{ unreferencefgdsasdfvsdfadfhg , tryheljg , jefghekghv ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' colin rules ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three separate political entities that existed
74543934 1 {st@rt} ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , colin rules ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three separate political entities that existed
84126618 0 ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' jugosllavia ' ' in [[ albanian language ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs
92027256 0 . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , slovenian language | slovenian ]] , croatian , bosnian , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land
1 the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , slovenian , [[ croatian , bosnian , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of
2 precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , slovenian , croatian language | croatian ]] , bosnian , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the
3 borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , slovenian , croatian , [[ bosnian , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[
92498255 6 croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , or ' ' југославија ' ' in ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during
94134661 1 ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ kosovo ]] ( in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ; ' ' [[ kosova ]] in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ un ]]
115465480 24 of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ serbian language ]] and to some extent also the [[ montenegrin language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first generation offspring of such marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical
115469794 1 slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ serbian language ]] and the [[ montenegrin language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first - generation children of such marriages have difficulty with ethnic identification . this gave rise to the
135165823 0 of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . once , the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the lingua - franca used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia
192073726 23 ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula
203556024 9 form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( serbian : краљевина срба , хрвата и словенаца ; croatian : kraljevina srba , hrvata i slovenaca ; slovene : slovene slovene : kraljevina srbov , hrvatov in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia "
19 kingdom of serbia " ( serbian : краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( serbian : краљевина срба , хрвата и словенаца ; croatian : kraljevina srba , hrvata i slovenaca ; slovene : kraljevina srbov , hrvatov in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it
203556486 0 called " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] : država slovenaca , hrvata i srba / држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene : kraljevina srbov , hrvatov in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia "
203556910 3 it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia " ( serbian : краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( serbian : краљевина срба словенаца , хрвата и словенаца ; croatian : kraljevina srba , hrvata i slovenaca ; slovene : kraljevina srbov , hrvatov in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on
4 the " kingdom of serbia " ( serbian : краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( serbian : краљевина срба , хрвата и словенаца срба ; croatian : kraljevina srba , hrvata i slovenaca ; slovene : kraljevina srbov , hrvatov in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and
5 kingdom of serbia " ( serbian : краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( serbian : краљевина срба , хрвата и словенаца ; croatian [[ slovene ]] : kraljevina srba , hrvata i slovenaca ; slovene : kraljevina srbov , hrvatov in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it
6 " ( serbian : краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( serbian : краљевина срба , хрвата и словенаца ; croatian : kraljevina srba , hrvata i slovenaca ; slovene : kraljevina srbov slovencev , hrvatov in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbo - croatian
206751541 3 called " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] : država slovenaca , hrvata i srba / држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : {{ lang - sl | ' ' država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците ) . the country was established on 29 october 1918 . it lasted only
9 the " kingdom of serbia " ( kraljevina srbija / краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] : {{ lang | sh | kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на србите
10 to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] : kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба }} ; [[ slovene ]] : kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците ) . the country was re - named on
11 form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] : kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : slovene : {{ lang | sl | kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth
13 croatian ]] : kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : {{ lang | mk | кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " (
25 serbo - croatian ]] : kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia "
206802676 13 словенците }} ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbo - croatian and slovene ( latin only ) : kraljevina jugoslavija / краљевина југославија ; macedonian : кралство југославија . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army
220496653 0 - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbo - croatian serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " ,
231803887 0 . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( , [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[
4 " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian slovene ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ;
5 " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; [[
236693431 1 dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo -
236696489 0 [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo
238525009 0 dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo -
239298367 0 dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo -
239298782 0 - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia "
239315045 0 - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia "
1 dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo -
240043002 0 - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] {{ fact }} , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in [[ english language |
241485481 4 republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo -
251643059 0 as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ albanian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : '
251643221 0 as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ albanian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : '
259239279 0 political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ albanian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[
259240632 1 political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ albanian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[
275946928 1 croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian fyromian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of
276014383 1 croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian fyromian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of
276822089 0 entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of [[
276822967 0 entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of [[
281117483 4 imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where
5 where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in
7 of macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language | serbian ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian was used and others
8 macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] languages . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian was used and others were
9 ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . the sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian was used and others were expected
281117873 0 [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . the sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs
284695040 2 the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian macedonian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[
4 ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : '
5 - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language serbo - croatian | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script
6 | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin serbo - croatian or croato - serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] :
70 location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] ,
71 language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of
290007373 0 as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ croato - serbian language | croato - serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian
1 ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian or croato - serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : "
290836160 0 as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ croato - serbian language | croato - serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian
290849084 0 as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ croato - serbian language | croato - serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian
290903431 0 as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ croato - serbian language | croato - serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian
291724921 1 alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " , [[ albani language | albania albanian ]] ' ' jugoslavia ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the
292035709 3 as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene
292754074 1 socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene
294154648 0 federal republic of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian slavomacedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene
294225092 1 federal republic of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ slavomacedonian language | slavomacedonian macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene
300372166 0 political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[
302398403 5 political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[
304658168 0 political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[
305203625 2 political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[
325211534 1 ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : "
325617238 1 of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] :
325697061 1 general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] :
326830784 1 of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]]
337480691 1 language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin _ language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian skopje ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : "
337480914 1 language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin _ language | montenegrin ]] , [[ skopje language | skopje macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : "
337642740 1 croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on
337769009 1 croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on
337777732 1 croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on
346818646 1 serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] slavic ] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south
346818728 1 serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ fyrom language | slavic ] macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south
346898017 1 as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] :
379459406 0 entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a
2 of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is
379540202 1 general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[
2 location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a
379540364 0 entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a
2 of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is
434980785 0 location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian
436091877 10 location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian
447905744 0 ' ' ( [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ( [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the [[ balkans
447905869 1 years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ( [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic |
447906021 0 ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the [[
447906262 0 years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) refers to three political entities that existed successively
447906527 0 ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the [[
495585894 3 general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија )
19 years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of
495666744 4 location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most
5 the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the
495668696 5 general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија )
23 years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of
563182630 0 [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugo - nostalgia ]]
604841248 0 [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as ' ' [[ yugonostalgia ]]
611563753 4 former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] and [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] . the [[ serbs | serbian ]] [[ house of karađorđević dynasty ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris . < ref > http
725921112 0 mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century
745597316 1 | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија )
2 of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during
3 ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian language latin alphabet | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into
4 bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian language | serbian latin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after
745962753 1 ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian latin alphabet | serbian latin cyrillic ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after
755859592 2 yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo jugoslavija }} / југославија , {{ lang - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | serbian cyrillic ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian
3 map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] sl | jugoslavija }} , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | serbian cyrillic ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија
6 | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | serbian cyrillic ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn
group 3
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
298090 4 , croatian in bosnia , albanian in serbia and macedonia , hungarian in serbia ) , this led to some often bloody civil wars ( croatia , bosnia , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . for more information about the current situation in yugoslavia , see [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , the name under which the republic is currently officially recognised by
298091 16 wars ( [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . for more information about the current situation in yugoslavia , see [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , the name under which the republic is currently officially recognised by the [[ united states ]] . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain
298092 0 [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and [[ macedonia ]] all gained their independence . nowadays the only remaining republics are [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , with the status of [[ kosovo ]] still uncertain . because there were large ethnic minorities within the various countries ( serbian regions in croatia and bosnia , croatian in bosnia , albanian in serbia and macedonia , hungarian in
202246 17 economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ yugoslavia / military | military ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transnational issues | transnational issues ]]
627163 1 a new agreement regarding continued federation , which , among other changes , promised to end the use of the name yugoslavia in favor of ' ' ' serbia and montenegro ]] ' ' ' . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / b > yu < i > from the [[
830455 0 and [[ subotica ]] * the [[ kosovo ]] region * [[ belgrade ]] - the capital of the federal republic of yugoslavia * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ prishtina ]] = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . countryguide . com / yugoslavia / countryguide : : yugoslavia ] - - editor - maintained directory focused on travel planning and research .
841818 0 and [[ subotica ]] * the [[ kosovo ]] region * [[ belgrade ]] - the capital of the federal republic of yugoslavia * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ prishtina ]] = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . countryguide . com / yugoslavia / countryguide : : yugoslavia ] - - editor - maintained directory focused on travel planning and research .
854785 0 sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] * the [[ kosovo ]] region * [[ belgrade ]] - the capital of the federal republic of yugoslavia * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ prishtina pristina ]]
904667 15 ]] and [[ subotica ]] * the [[ kosovo ]] region * [[ belgrade ]] - the capital of the federal republic of yugoslavia * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ pristina | pri & # 353 ; tina ]]
1278009 3 under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' ' , from 2003 onward ]] . see [[ history of yugoslavia ]] for relation among the three . the rest of this article speaks about federal republic of yugoslavia . - - - - < div
1278010 3 the name : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , when it was renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ' ' ' , from 2003 onward . see [[ history of yugoslavia ]] for relation among the three . the rest of this article speaks about federal republic of yugoslavia . - - - - < div
1288560 15 under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' ' ]] , from 2003 onward . see [[ history of yugoslavia ]] for relation among the three . the rest of this article speaks about federal republic of yugoslavia . - -
1338233 1 / table > the [[ united nations ]] , and many individual states ( including the [[ united states ]] ) refused to recognise the remaining confederation of serbia and montenegro as the [[ succession of states theory | continuation ]] of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , although they accepted it as constituting a state . this situation is now resolved , with the admission of the federal republic of yugoslavia --> [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / b > yu = = related articles = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] [[
8716833 4 and by permitting free hand to quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading to great civilain loss of life , principally among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , who whose populations provided the bulk of partisan formations . the current estimate of the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population
8718538 11 from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade , yugoslavia | belgrade ]] . during as well as many other territories , but withdrew after the war the [[ communism | communist ]] lead the [[ partisans ]] that were opposing the occupation and were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories
9341361 2 ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( which includes provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and
4 yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milo & # 353 ;
5 get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo and metohia - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesic | stipe mesi & # 263 ; ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovsek | janez drnov
7 united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and kosovo and metohia metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] . on [[ april 11 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of
9383013 7 | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ franjo tudjman | franjo tu & # 273 ; man ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected unionists candidates who favoured yugoslavian unity . in march [[ 1990 ]] , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight
21 serbs should live in the same country . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia and herzegovina , albeit only by two out of its three constitutive peoples , [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslims ]] and croats . secession of the new - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody and gruesome [[ yugoslav wars ]] . it started with a short war in slovenia and continued
9469448 4 serbs should live in the same country . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia and herzegovina , albeit only two out of the three constitutive peoples of bh did so , the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslims ]] and croats . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a
10034644 1 serbs should live in the same country . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in the same year ; this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb minority there , albeit only two out of the three constitutive peoples of bh did so , the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslims ]] and croats . secession of the newly - formed
13197885 7 army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than two months ( see [[ kosovo war ]] ) for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a
13344165 0 [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] . the other ethnic groups , including the bulgarians in [[ vardar macedonia ]] and the [[ western bulgarian fringe ]] ( [[ zapadni bulgarski pokraynini ]] ) , were brutally suppressed . hundreds were murdered , thousands were sent to the [[ goli otok ]] [[ concentration camp ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[
17893899 2 * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( autonomous provinces ) . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to
23641751 4 was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ ustaše ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied bosnia - herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ albania ]] , [[ bulgaria ]] , [[
25682758 4 ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ 6th february ]] [[ 2003 ]] . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] )
9 | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] ( republics ) ; * [[ vojvodina ]] and * [[ kosovo ]] ( autonomous provinces ) . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] are form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] )
25683008 5 ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] hungarian became natioanlly recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . ' ' ' [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf
25770220 0 ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ' ' ' in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and
26257312 3 play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] was abolished reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] in january [[ 1990 ]]
30275074 3 ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] - annexed from albania in 1910 in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and
30298958 6 * [[ slovenia ]] and two separate provinces of yugoslavia , where the people were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] - mainly hungarian * [[ kosovo ]] - annexed from albania in 1910 in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and
31961080 27 country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after
32922260 7 forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . this led to great civilian loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided a large portion very high losses were of rebel formations . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . during the war
33824642 6 vote in the referendum . the referendum was declared valid , and the republic ' s government declared its independence . the serbs immediately declared the independence of [[ republika srpska ]] , and the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal
34241700 1 establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november [[ 1991 ]] , the bosnian serbs held a referendum on independence on [[ 1 march ]] [[ 1992 ]] . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of the newly created serb
7 1992 ]] . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ unconstitutional ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn
21 ]] . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn - out
35849849 2 known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[
40778709 0 ( the votes of serbs were ignored , though such decision should be supported by all bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect they their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early
47536688 2 four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | s . r . macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina | s . r . bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was
49289473 0 b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav wars | wars of yugoslav succession ]] * [[ alexander , crown prince of yugoslavia ]] war = = references = = * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{
56779575 3 loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of [[ may 22 ]] [[ 2006 ]] montenegro has ]] voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = ' ' ' background
57059880 1 serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in on [[ 2001 ]] , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on
10 montenegro ]] . in [[ 2001 ]] , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . * on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . montenegro officially declared
57320182 5 at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remains in place in belgrade but now assumes only ceremonial powers . the local governments of serbia and of montenegro now conduct conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may
60458120 1 . [[ image : banknoteyug . jpg | 300px | left | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] bill of 50 & nbsp ; [[ billion ]] [[ yugoslavia dinar | dinars dinara ]] ( 1993 ) ]] on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a
63135279 6 ' ' ' was formed in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo - metohia and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state transformed into a loose commonwealth
63330276 20 fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[
34 accepted by the [[ un ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : as well as [[ jew ]] s , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war
63331191 16 ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and
63517403 58 : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in 1981 ]] , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status
80 months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in serbia , bosnia - herzegovina , macedonia and kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was an critical turning point
63521475 47 elected in the spring of 1990 , adopted a policy very much in line with that of austria , but with additional hungarian goals vis a vis serbia ' s vojvodina ]] province . these manoeuvres by austria and hungary to break up yugoslavia were , of course , then overshadowed by the german government ' s drive to derecognise yugoslavia through giving
87 . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights " , the serbs were stripped of their national and constitutional
117 to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija ]] , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[
69732942 0 - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , [[ bačka and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared a carve - up of croat lands between serbia and italy . there were also quarrels about the designation
83862003 33 . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . after a successful referendum in the republic , montenegro and officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on [[ june 5 ]] , thereby ending the last remnants of the
84126872 0 on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] and
85057086 8 socialist republic of [[ serbia ]] , with capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . socialist autonomous province of [[ kosovo ]] and metohija , with capital in [[ pristina | priština ]] < br / > 5b . socialist autonomous province of [[ vojvodina ]] , with capital in [[ novi sad ]] #
12 and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] - metohija form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro
85058507 0 in [[ novi sad ]] # socialist republic of [[ slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo -
1 ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro , were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on
87847188 41 as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after
65 the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican
94134661 2 montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ kosovo ]] ( in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ; [[ kosova ]] ' ' in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ un ]] from [[ 1999
94995394 17 }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | [[ brčko district ]] }} {{ legend | # c00000 | [[ kosovo ]] }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | [[ montenegro ]] . }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered
102669832 11 militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[
104943082 0 weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 15 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] ,
106967063 1 the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija mesohapy ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] and officially abolished the name
106967294 1 the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvagina ]] and [[ kosovo and mesohapy metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] and officially abolished the name
107220473 51 slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes
107899114 20 ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia
21 and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and
107938591 33 below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republics
109408110 0 on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] and officially abolished the name
120842090 0 on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] and officially abolished the name
131419480 14 increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and even vojvodina and kosovo , provinces in serbia . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians
150932203 52 ]] , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , [[ bačka ]] and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared a carve - up of croat lands between serbia and italy . there were also quarrels about the designation
157503671 0 republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . = = = changes in yugoslavian religious demographics = = = yugoslavia is has always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war
157504208 1 republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . = = = changes in yugoslavian religious demographics = = = yugoslavia ]] has always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam ,
158242560 7 [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) = =
160502277 13 | fascist ]] militia known as the ustaše that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina ]] as well as part of serbia and slovenia , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy . during this time the independent state of
167814756 0 , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = {{ disputed }} [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini
168734899 13 formation of fry ( see below ) * [[ november ]] , [[ 1995 ]] , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ 1996 ]] - [[ 1999 ]] clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999
171547692 0 , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = {{ disputed }} [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini
181635813 0 organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = [[ image : liberationofbelgrademedal . jpg | 110px | left | thumb | c70 , 000 soviet and allied personnel were awarded the medal for the liberation of belgrade from 21st june 1961 . ]] the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]]
182549738 0 | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia ]] and established the basis for post
188741805 1 on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially abolished the
192077462 1 altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] - metohija ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] )
4 bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] - metohija form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro
192455066 0 montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in addition , on 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004
194662030 0 ]] on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the province of [[ vojvodina ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . also see www . ineedalife . com . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[
194690797 0 ]] on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the province of [[ vojvodina ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . also see www . ineedalife . com . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[
195594690 0 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted
196322761 0 several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages ,
196685860 0 several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages ,
198660079 0 with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages
199795294 1 states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( until full recgnition of the world and respect of international law . i ' m sorry , but i can make a " pending full international recognition ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the
199795480 1 new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] no kosovo until full recgnition of the world and respect of international law . i ' m sorry , but i can make a " ]] ( pending full recognition " claim of quebec canada . not legal until full recognition . * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[
200415981 0 , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]]
200573250 2 herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] formerly an autonomous province of serbia is also partially recognized as a new country . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] &
3 ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] is also a partially recognized as a new country . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ;
200599214 4 herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia is a partially recognized state after it also declared its independence in 2008 but was not a socialist republic of the former yugoslavia , it
206808719 17 south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ macedonia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , is a partially recognized state which declared its highly disputed independence in 2008 . it was not a socialist republic of yugoslavia ; it had the status of a socialist
28 , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro and serbia ]] respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act not
30 5 ]] [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo | kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act not recognized by [[ serbia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia
210766692 0 = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo | kosovo ( republic of kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] the first former
210766951 4 = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo | kosovo ( republic of kosovo ) ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] the first
214707204 2 increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . [[ macedonia ]] was a part of serbia in the past but broke away . . . legally . kosovo broke away illegaly . serbia was having a hard time deciding because serbians say " kosovo je srbija / kosovo is serbia " while the albanians say " happy independence day " ! thus , as a result every country in the world decided if it should be independent or not . america voted independence ! then , it became a independent country because every country thought that america would attack in some way . . . except for [[ russia ]] which voted kosovo is serbia ' s ! serbia and russia have always been close friends ( look - up [[ serbian - russian relations ]] ) ! kosovo je srbija / kosovo is ( rightfully and lawfully ) serbia ' s ! as a result of these events , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and
214793779 4 increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . [[ macedonia ]] was a part of serbia in the past but broke away . . . legally . kosovo broke away illegaly . serbia was having a hard time deciding because serbians say " kosovo je srbija / kosovo is serbia " while the albanians say " happy independence day " ! thus , as a result every country in the world decided if it should be independent or not . america voted independence ! then , it became a independent country because every country thought that america would attack in some way . . . except for [[ russia ]] which voted kosovo is serbia ' s ! serbia and russia have always been close friends ( look - up [[ serbian - russian relations ]] ) ! kosovo je srbija / kosovo is ( rightfully and lawfully ) serbia ' s ! as a result of these events , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and
218898848 0 the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina lead led to a war that lasted more than 3 years ( see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions
225041205 5 [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences , the last indepedent state from " yugoslavia " and " state uninon of serbia and montenegro " is kosovo ]] on [[ 17 february ]] [[ 2008 ]] . thereby ending the last remnants of a yugoslav state . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main
225187871 2 and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences , thereby ending the last remnants of a yugoslav state . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }}
231803887 22 kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr macedonia ]] ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . the
41 ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , it was renamed to the " [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] " , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[
231810520 3 yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image :
231949234 0 [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ sap kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr slovenia ]] ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . the
232996003 0 = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( only some nations recognize it status as an independent country , and the un has not done so ) * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[
241098556 3 [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] and metohija , with the capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana
241485481 2 # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . # [[ socialist republic of kosovo ]] , with the capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as
244325833 99 herzegovina and croatia * [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived
105 june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia
247935764 16 and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > image : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution
24 = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] , new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and
40 svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] < / center > < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of
52 = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ republic of macedonia |
59 svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ slovenia ]] image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
250961887 0 * [[ serbia ]] * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * ( [[ kosovo ]] , ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) the first former yugoslav republic to
251599396 5 [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
257731379 4 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * june 14 , 1996 , the [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june
257767654 1 of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : * [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ image : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ image : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 2 . [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : sr croatia coa . png | 40px ]] < center > | - | 3 . [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] ,
10 socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) ; * < / center > | < center > [[ image : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5 . [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 )
262867590 0 ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo | kosovo * ]] ( disputed , not recognized by all nations . ) | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center >
3 < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] ( disputed , not recognized by all nations . ) | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ file
269117592 1 . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } * kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] < / nowiki > the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
269117639 1 40px ]] < / center > | } < nowiki > * kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] < / nowiki > the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
269117675 0 center > | } < nowiki > * < / nowiki > kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] < br > the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
272044679 0 center > | } < nowiki > * < / nowiki > kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] < br > the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
273507808 0 see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina how was a terorist and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of the yugoslav republic of macedonia was peaceful . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads
273507884 0 see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina how was a terorist and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of the yugoslav republic of macedonia was peaceful . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads
277179984 0 peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia | croatian banovina ]] ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _
277182711 0 peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia | croatian banovina ]] ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _
277852154 0 * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] , and punch was served in an attempt to make everyone better friends * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independence *
277856377 0 * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] , and punch was served in an attempt to make everyone better friends * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independence *
284695040 13 , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ sap kosovo ]] and socialist autonomous provinces ) and [[ sr slovenia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the republic
18 ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . . on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on
37 vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina , and montenegro , were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a
39 altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo - metohija ]] form formed a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and
40 local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo - metohija ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] but those provinces also formed part of the federation , which led to the unique situattion that [[ central serbia ]] did not have its own assembly but a joint assembly with its provinces represented in it . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism
56 fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro announced constituted * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independence * february 17 , 2008 , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from
79 - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post
80 bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the
288099504 1 center > | } < nowiki > * < / nowiki > kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
296535330 0 after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav war wars ]] = = references = = , from 1945 to [[ 1946 ]] , * * ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' - article on the republic , 1963 to 1991 . * [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1991 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1991 to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' ' , from 2003 onward . the rest of this article speaks about federal republic of yugoslavia . - - - - < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > the ' ' ' federal republic
1298298 22 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1963 to [[ 1992 ]] * federal republic of yugoslavia , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , from 2003 onward . see [[ history of yugoslavia ]] for relation among the three . the rest of this article speaks about federal republic of yugoslavia . - - - - < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > the ' ' ' federal republic
1308223 1 there were large ethnic minorities within the various countries ( serbian regions in croatia and bosnia , [[ croatia | croatian ]] in bosnia , [[ albanians ]] in serbia and the republic of macedonia , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] in serbia ) , this was used as the cause for some bloody wars ( [[ history of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ history of croatia | croatia ]] , [[ history of bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) , through which serbian nationalists tried to maintain the control over the whole of [[ former yugoslavia ]] .
1377841 0 & euml ; ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png | flag of the federal republic of yugoslavia ]] < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is term casually used for three separate political entities . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]]
1378823 1 slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . < div style = " float : right " > < center > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png | flag of the federal republic of yugoslavia ]] < / div > as a result a federation named '
3 ]] separated . < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png | flag of the federal republic of yugoslavia ]] < / center > < / div > as a result a federation named ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and
1492141 0 # 12473 ; & # 12521 ; & # 12499 ; & # 12450 ; ]] [[ nl : joegoslavi & euml ; ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] < div style = " float : right ; margin - left : 1em " > < center > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] <
1506361 0 12521 ; & # 12499 ; & # 12450 ; ]] [[ nl : joegoslavi & euml ; ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] < div style = " float : right ; margin - left : 1em " > < center > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] <
68529712 0 right | thumb | 225px | an animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia | an animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia ; the different colors represent the areas of control < br > key : < br > {{ legend | # fe0000 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , federal republic of yugoslavia , serbia and montenegro , serbia }}
93919711 3 ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s 1980s , < ref > [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy ]] < / ref > ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[
94995394 7 of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia | an animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia ; the different colors represent the areas of control . < br > key : < br > {{ legend | # fe0000 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , federal republic of yugoslavia , serbia and montenegro , serbia }}
104541133 0 albanians in the province . at 77 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980s , < ref > [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] < / ref > ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to the ever
160655114 0 serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma ]] the enemies of the state , in what was to become the begginning of the [[ genocide | jasenovac concetration camp | genocide ]] < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] < ref > http
165059733 0 research has determined those figures to be pure conjecture and that the real numbers amounted to c . 45000 to 50000 in total - of all nationalities from former yugoslavia . [[ jews ]] , < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jewishvirtuallibrary . org /
165061331 0 declaring [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma ]] the enemies of the state , in what was to become the beginning of the [[ jasenovac concentration camp | genocide ]] modelled on similar institutions elsewhere ] < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] < ref > http :
165061529 1 modelled on similar institutions elsewhere ] < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / < / ref > was established . immediate post - war propaganda
165062781 6 , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma ]] the enemies of the state , in what was to become the beginning of the [[ jasenovac concentration camp modelled on similar institutions elsewhere ] < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . jasenovac concentration camp < ref > http : / /
165278732 0 to 70000 in total ( bespuća povijesne zbiljnosti ( 1989 . ) ( izvorno izvješće zemaljske komisije hrvatske ( 1946 . ) ) - of all nationalities from former yugoslavia . , < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jewishvirtuallibrary . org / jsource
165576243 1 declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ shut u < gallery > image : example . jpg | caption1 image : example . jpg creation of yugoslavia }} ideas for a single state for all [[ south slavs | caption2 < / gallery > = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 =
184062418 10 : / / www . jasenovac . org / < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jewishvirtuallibrary . org / jsource / holocaust / jasenovac . html # victim _ counts < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . vrisak . info / index . php ? option = com _ content & task = view &
13 gypsies and jews , one of them being [[ jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . members of various yugoslav nationalities were recruited into the [[ ss ]] . bosnian muslims were also recruited by germany . the germans proposed that the bosnians dislike of christians would make them into useful allies . however , little advantage came of it . < ref > the ss , hitler ' s instrument of terror . gordon williamson < / ref > . by the end of the april 1941 , [[ independent state of croatia ]] has been created , as a chief [[ nazi ]] satellite in the region . it has acquired [[ fascist ]] racial policy , declaring [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ romani people ]] the enemies of the state . consequently , concentration camps such as jasenovac modelled on similar institutions in occupied europe where established . < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . < ref > http : / / www .
195089858 1 . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
195135413 1 . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
199227355 2 . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
199793330 2 | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) is legal thus far . the " territory " not province of kosovo was not legally separated from serbia . any flag , or rcognition thus far is a lie . < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
199794389 0 is legal thus far . the " territory " not province of kosovo was not legally separated from serbia . any flag , or rcognition thus far is a lie . look up territory and you will see kosovo fit that description . only republic ' s of the former yugoslavia were the equivalent to provinces . if one declares kosovo a province , one might s well declare that toronto is a province , london england is a province as well . kosovo is not only currently illegal , but it is not , nor was it ever an " autonomous province " . it was an " autonomous territory " . look up nunavut , northwest territoris and the yukon in canada and you will see those chunk of lands are not provinces either , but " territories " . dispute me all you want , i can back my claims if need be by what a province or a territory are . if kosovo is a provnce , than why is kosovo on foeign aid ? ? why is serbia still paying its foreign debt ? why is it not stable and on its own ? kosovo as of the momment is a u . s . , nato and eu military colony . its not an idenependant country , its a u . s . military colony . search " fort bondsteel " , that type of military occupation suggests " colonialism " . i can make more than these claims or examples as to why kosovo never was a province of serbia , but a territory and why it is not legal . < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
199794579 3 or bullying by european countries like germany , france , britain or the u . s . do not speak for the entire planet about kosovo . no map of kosovo is legal thus far . the " territory " not province of kosovo was not legally separated from serbia . any flag , or rcognition thus far is a lie . look up territory and you will see kosovo fit that description . only republic ' s of the former yugoslavia were the equivalent to provinces . if one declares kosovo a province , one might s well declare that toronto is a province , london england is a province as well . kosovo is not only currently illegal , but it is not , nor was it ever an " autonomous province " . it was an " autonomous territory " . look up nunavut , northwest territoris and the yukon in canada and you will see those chunk of lands are not provinces either , but " territories " . dispute me all you want , i can back my claims if need be by what a province or a territory are . if kosovo is a provnce , than why is kosovo on foeign aid ? ? why is serbia still paying its foreign debt ? why is it not stable and on its own ? kosovo as of the momment is a u . s . , nato and eu military colony . its not an idenependant country , its a u . s . military colony . search " fort bondsteel " , that type of military occupation suggests " colonialism " . i can make more than these claims or examples as to why kosovo never was a province of serbia , but a territory and why it is not legal . ( pending full international recognition ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
199794926 2 montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) must i declare that i am a billionaire , when i don ' t even have a penny ? < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
199795049 4 montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia pending full recognition is not full recognition . must i declare that i am a billionaire , when i don ' t even have a penny ? svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
199795294 6 of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) " claim of quebec canada . not legal until full recognition . < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
7 : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left
199795480 6 svg | slovenia no kosovo until full recgnition of the world and respect of international law . i ' m sorry , but i can make a " pending full recognition " claim of quebec canada . not legal until full recognition . ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
199795956 0 serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) play hard ball , but this flag is still illegal under interntional law . < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
199796056 1 montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) play hard ball , but this flag is still illegal under interntional law . < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
199796548 0 serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) : flag and " nation currently illegal " , or as legal as quebec , scotland , republika srpska , skadar , epirus , marseilles , and the former confederate states of the u . s . you decide , but until the world agrees , the world map and the flag is wrong . its called " international law " respect it , or enjoy anarchy and bloodshed . < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
199796772 1 of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) : flag and " nation currently illegal " , or as legal as quebec , scotland , republika srpska , skadar , epirus , marseilles , and the former confederate states of the u . s . you decide , but until the world agrees , the world map and the flag is wrong . its called " international law " respect it , or enjoy anarchy and bloodshed . < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
201577676 1 montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition final status unresolved ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many
206594988 2 | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( final status unresolved ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
206597640 1 flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( final status unresolved ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
207049255 0 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( final status unresolved ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
208347767 0 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
208618283 0 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
208650124 0 yugoslav republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
209900309 0 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
210295199 5 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia vojvodina . svg | vojvodina < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
210316137 8 image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of vojvodina . svg | vojvodina < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
210766272 5 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia vojvodina . svg | vojvodina < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
210766615 3 with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states countries " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia
210766951 3 montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of vojvodina . svg | autonomous province of vojvodina < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many
212538511 0 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
212988163 0 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
219310164 0 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
220402390 1 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
220845826 1 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
221230438 0 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
221231653 2 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
221674887 1 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
221776536 1 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
222916522 0 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
229233457 0 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
231799661 0 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
231801557 1 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
231810520 12 svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ slovenia < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many
13 | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia ]] < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
247935764 39 of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
254442728 2 _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia fyrom ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg |
254443080 2 _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia fyrom ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg |
257716886 2 of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of kosovo . svg | < center > ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < br > ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro
257769716 5 them ) . < center > < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center >
12 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < /
18 ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < /
24 > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image :
31 ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < /
38 ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / gallery > < / center > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the
46 is encircled with them ) . < center > < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center >
50 perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < /
51 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image :
53 bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < /
55 of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg |
57 < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image :
58 > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia .
60 macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < /
61 ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / gallery > < /
63 > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / gallery > < / center > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the
64 ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / gallery > < / center > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages
259240376 1 of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > belgra | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = "
264203361 0 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo | kosovo * ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] , also spelled [[ priština ]] . | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of
267918002 0 < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] * | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] , also spelled [[ priština ]] . | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of
284695040 27 [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . one such camp was the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . a large number of men , women and children , jews , serbs , and croat resistance members , were murdered in these camps satellite . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = yugoslav people '
64 croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] * | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina | priština ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _
291413318 0 < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms
295242932 3 . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms
295388268 5 . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of
10 croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of
15 . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of
20 . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of
295402396 6 of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > - [[ croatia ]] style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia
11 of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > - [[ macedonia ]] style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the
16 republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > - [[ montenegro ]] style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro
21 arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > - [[ serbia ]] style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia
302398403 4 croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms
304658396 1 svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms
308449649 0 of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana maribor ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of
308449803 0 40px ]] < / center > | - | 6 . [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana maribor ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr
308466654 0 40px ]] < / center > | - | 6 . [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ maribor ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr
1 of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ maribor ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of
309568874 0 of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana maribor ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of
309607518 0 of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ maribor ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of
316222673 0 croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < \ / center > | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]]
318046156 32 < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center >
38 | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 6 . [[ socialist
41 ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo
318928845 0 or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = yugoslavia was at its strongest while tito was in full control . < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia |
318928862 0 or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = yugoslavia was at its strongest while tito was in full control . < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia |
323188742 3 ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms
323188905 3 croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms
332320748 0 yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia - is gay = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of
332321220 0 yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia - is gay = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of
335423901 0 - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > . montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] < / ref > . the remaining three republics have
340418892 2 ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' < ref name = " kosovo " / > | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms
340419473 0 " > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' < ref name = | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms
343725873 5 < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms
353296627 2 the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies this look up operation halyard . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . <
353307820 2 number of german reprisals . the partisains attacked the nazis but were dumb enough to forget about reprisals which resulted into more lives lost . if you want more info on this look up operation halyard axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . <
375032646 6 center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of
378359503 1 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] . < / ref > . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of
400599300 29 = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia |
39 = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia |
404799827 1 [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] who after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation . ) bbc . co . uk / 2 / hi / special _ report / 1998 / kosovo / 110492 . stm | title = history , bloody history | publisher = [[ bbc news ]] | date = march 24 , 1999 | accessdate = december 29 , 2010 }} < / ref > ) < ref > {{ cite book | last = huntington | first = samuel p . | title = [[ the clash of civilizations | the clash of civilizations and
404877640 2 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . [[ european union ]] < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] . < / ref > the remaining three republics have
438819032 1 - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > montenegro is [[ accession of montenegro to the european union | official candidate ]] for membership in the [[ european union ]] . < ref > [ http : / / www . pobjeda . me / citanje . php ? datum = 2010 - 12 - 17 & id = 197069 crna gora
439457771 8 ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) |
441313646 70 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs ]] but included 37 , 000 [[ jews ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - %
82 ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > '
150 ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and
466554200 1 " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and
2 > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo
11 " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller
467914600 16 center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of
468701811 28 the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > montenegro is an [[ accession of montenegro to the european union | official candidate ]] for membership in the european union . < ref > [ http : / / www . pobjeda . me / citanje . php ? datum = 2010 - 12 - 17 & id = 197069 crna gora od danas kandidat ] . < / ref > the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of the eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . its independence is [[ international recognition of kosovo | recognised ]] by {{ numrec | kos | | un member states }} and the [[ republic of china ]] ( taiwan ) . on 8 october 2008 , upon request of serbia , the [[ united nations general assembly | un general assembly ]] adopted a resolution asking the [[ international court of justice ]] for an [[ icj advisory opinion on the legality of kosovo ' s independence | advisory opinion ]] on the issue of kosovo ' s [[ declaration of independence ]] . < ref > {{ cite news | url = http : / / www . reuters . com / article / worldnews / idustre49780c20081008 | title = u . n . backs serbia in judicial move on kosovo & # 124 ; international | agency = reuters | date = 8 october 2008 | accessdate = 20 july 2009 }} < / ref > on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s independence was not illegal as well as culture and influence . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . bbc . co . uk / news / world - europe - 10730573 | title
38 . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' '
40 ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of bosnia
41 style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center
56 states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! <
58 ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > '
60 ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[
62 ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | -
469728921 1 ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg |
2 - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the republic of macedonia 1992 - 1995 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia 1991 - 2009 . svg | 40px ]] < / center
469729911 0 " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] <
1 style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center
478217075 19 in 2000 , the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on november 2 , 2000 . < ref > {{ cite web | title = fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw /
492376913 2 ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | priština ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of
3 file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | : < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of
10 kosovo ]] ( disputed ) < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of
11 ( disputed ) < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of
12 ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic
14 file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]]
492545273 2 < / center > | - | 2 | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; "
8 < / center > | - | 4 | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > , now [[ podgorica ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; "
10 province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " |
492692066 1 svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of
4 ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of
7 svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of
10 > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > : < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo .
11 [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > : < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 40px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > : < center > [[
493757717 1 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] <
496001877 0 the present day physical areas which formed yugoslavia , as well as culture and influence . {{ clarify | reason = what sort of influence ? what of / from ? | date = june 2012 }} < ref > {{ cite web | title = former yugoslavia patches itself together : entering the yugosphere | work = the economist | date = 20 august 2009 |
496003280 6 { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' name ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' flag ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' '
8 ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' emblem ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]]
16 ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg |
17 < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | <
21 | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | <
24 < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | <
499509992 2 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | - | [[ serbia ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat
500174054 4 > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms
507481081 1 : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * roberts , walter r | walter r roberts . ]] : < http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / walter _ r _ roberts > " tito , mihailovic , and the allies : 1941 –
542254308 1 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | - | [[ serbia ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat
542257478 1 " . < ref name = " serbia and montenegro " / > ) in april 2001 , the five successor states drafted and then signed an agreement on succession issues in june 2001 , signing the agreement three months later . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . dipublico . com . ar / english / yugoslav - agreement - on - succession
542257709 0 = " serbia and montenegro " / > ) in april 2001 , the five successor states extant at the time drafted an agreement on succession issues , signing the agreement three months later in june 2001 . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . dipublico . com . ar / english / yugoslav - agreement - on - succession
542265570 1 successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' '
3 > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of
5 ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' declared
7 > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' declared date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' official state
9 ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' declared date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' official state - recognized date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' '
11 < center > ' ' ' declared date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' official state - recognized date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' which date of independence is celebrated as a public holiday ? ' ' ' < center > | - |
13 state - recognized date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' which date of independence is celebrated as a public holiday ? ' ' ' < center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file :
544374238 1 herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg |
547327217 4 part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " sortable wikitable " ' ' ' < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | 1 | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = "
16 serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | the socialist republic of croatia | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 6 | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " |
23 }} the successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! < center > [[ list of countries | name ]] ! < center > [[ capital city | capital ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ flag ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ coat of
38 < / center > | - | 2 | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; "
46 - | 4 | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] , now [[ podgorica ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; "
49 autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " |
53 serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 6 | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana
555747797 2 }} the successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! < center > [[ list of countries | name ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ capital city | capital ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ flag ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[
4 class = " sortable wikitable " ! < center > [[ list of countries | name ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ capital city | capital ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ flag ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ coat of arms ]] < center > ! ! < center > declared date
8 > [[ capital city | capital ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ flag ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ coat of arms ]] < center > ! ! < center > declared date of independence < center > ! ! < center > official state - recognized date of independence < center > ! ! < center
10 < center > [[ flag ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ coat of arms ]] < center > ! ! < center > declared date of independence < center > ! ! < center > official state - recognized date of independence < center > ! ! < center > which date of independence is celebrated as a public holiday ?
12 coat of arms ]] < center > ! ! < center > declared date of independence < center > ! ! < center > official state - recognized date of independence < center > ! ! < center > which date of independence is celebrated as a public holiday ? < center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]]
567916113 1 2000 , the fry rescinded those aspirations , accepting the opinion of the [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on november 2 , 2000 . < ref name = " ebrd country promotion programme " > {{ cite web | title = fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http : / /
578690791 13 ( which had annexed the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] on 13 november ) . the conference of ambassadors in paris gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 . at < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the kingdom of yugoslavia was [[ invasion
578738507 0 yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the western border left a population of half a million slavs < ref name = " spencer tucker 2005 " > ' ' ' cite error : the named reference spencer _ tucker _ 2005 was invoked but never defined ' '
583579699 1 center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of
583581227 1 center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : {{ smaller
616725219 0 was determined to lead an independent communist state , starting as a prime minister . he had the support of moscow and london and led by far the strongest partisan force with 800 , 000 men . < ref > michael lees , ' ' the rape of serbia : the british role in tito ' s grab for power , 1943 - 1944 ' ' (
617081328 4 autonomous province of vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | kosovo ]] , which after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation ) . < ref > {{ cite book | last = huntington | first = samuel p . | title = [[ the clash of civilizations | the clash of civilizations and
623264122 3 general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the western border left a population of half a million slavs ]] < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ http : / / books . google .
702550312 8 first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the original western border left a population of half a million [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ' < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ https : / / books . google .
19 the serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris ]] . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the country was named after the
702589142 8 of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] ' ' ' , the original western border left a population of half a million ' ' ' [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ' < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ https : / / books . google .
19 of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on [[ 13 july ]] [[ 1922 ]] at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in [[ paris ]] . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the country was named after the
720125001 0 croatian [[ ustaše ]] regime murdered around 500 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to [[ catholicism ]] ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | serbians ]] but included 37 , 000 jews . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - %
764872509 1 yugoslav cities . on 17 april , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending 11 days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) forces . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . history . com / this - day - in - history / yugoslavia - surrenders
769617323 0 • }} [[ world war ii ]] {{ • }} [[ cold war ]] {{ • }} [[ yugoslav wars ]] | government _ type = [[ monarchy ]] ( 1918 - 1945 ) < br > [[ republic ]] ( 1945 - 2006 ) | | year _ start = 1918 | year _ end = 2006 | event _ start =
778027486 0 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] , now [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the socialist republic of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file
819821056 4 anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) – 1929 ; 1931 – 1945 < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event
820172102 0 }} < br / > ' ' ' 1943 - 1992 ' ' ' ( unofficial ) : < br / > ' ' [[ hej , slaveni ]] ' ' ( unofficial ) < br / > хеј , словени < br / > {{ small | " hey , slavs " }} < br / > {{ center | [[ file : united
2 }} < br / > {{ center | [[ file : himna kraljevine jugoslavije . ogg ]] }} < br / > ' ' ' 1943 - 1992 ' ' ' ( unofficial ) : < br / > ' ' [[ hej , slaveni ]] ' ' < br / > хеј , словени < br / > {{ small | " hey ,
824490818 8 symbol _ type = emblem ( 1963 – 1992 ) | symbol _ type _ article = emblem of yugoslavia | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = | longd = | longm = | longew = | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = ' ' ' 1919 – 1941 : ' ' ' < br / > ' ' [[ himna kraljevine jugoslavije ]] ' ' < br / > химна краљевине југославије < br / > {{ small | " national anthem of the kingdom of yugoslavia " }} < br / > {{ center | [[ file : himna kraljevine jugoslavije . ogg ]] }} < br / > ' ' ' 1943 – 1992 ' ' ' : < br / > ' ' [[ hej , slaveni ]] ' ' ( unofficial
833505917 0 yugoslavia | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | | image _ flag = [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] < br > < br > [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px ]] | flag _ type = flag | flag _ border = |
845947297 0 | national _ anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president
845969538 0 | border ]] | image _ flag2 = [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( pre 1918 - 1945 ) < br / > bottom : flag ( post - 1945 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms
1 ]] | image _ flag2 = [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( pre - 1945 1939 ) < br / > bottom : flag ( post - 1945 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the
846882529 0 border ]] | image _ flag2 = [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( 1918 - 1939 ) < br / > bottom : flag ( 1945 - 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of
847129785 0 | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = " [[ national anthem of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " ( 1919 & ndash ; 1941 ) < br / > [[ file : national anthem of the kingdom of yugoslavia . oga ]] - - - - " [[ hej , sloveni ]] " < br /
848178886 0 ]] | image _ flag2 = [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( 1918 – 1939 1941 ) < br / > bottom : flag ( 1945 – 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the
group 5
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
3146215 0 officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ msg : sfry }} [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië
7912384 0 the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] is discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after first yugoslavia . { [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[
52804037 0 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact citation needed }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all three nations living in
52942385 0 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ citation needed fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all three nations living in
78657034 2 }} {{ legend | # ff0080 | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} {{ legend | # 29efef | kosovo }} {{ legend | # f66c10 d3ae3b | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia
87967436 2 | [[ republika srpska ]] }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | [[ brčko district ]] }} {{ legend | # c00000 | kosovo }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | [[ montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia ,
3 [[ republika srpska ]] }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | [[ brčko district ]] }} {{ legend | # c00000 | kosovo }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | montenegro ]] }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered
106034403 0 than a hundred years before . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as
1 the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]]
2 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war
107758961 0 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | with }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years
107759680 0 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | with }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years
156524186 3 certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise {{ fact | date = september 2007 }} . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the 1960s and 1970s , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1
166268501 0 repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = =
193980583 0 yugoslav theatre tended to favor fragmentation . there were also other specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue {{ fact | date = february 2008 }} that the decentralized market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians ,
217433443 1 of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] {{ section - stub | date = june 2008 }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 280px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] [[
240067528 0 ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] {{ fact | date = september 2008 }} , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in [[ english language
247790293 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years
247819977 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years
255553028 2 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic abomination of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over
3 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia yugoslobia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years
255553113 4 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslobia | federal abomination of yugoslobia | federal abomination republic of yugoslobia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslobia . the precise borders varied over
5 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslobia | federal abomination of yugoslobia | federal abomination of yugoslobia yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslobia . the precise borders varied over the years
259630650 1 the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 {{ fact | date = december . 2008 }} . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . the remaining four republics have yet
259635090 2 to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) seconds before plunging to his death . ]] {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war | invasion of yugoslavia }} = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 ,
284700151 1 declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = 2009 - 04 - 18 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would
329283670 2 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia yugoslamania }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years
329284590 2 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslamania | socialist federal republic of yugoslamania | federal republic of yugoslamania yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslamania2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslamania . the precise borders varied over the years
338545828 24 most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state union of serbia and montenegro = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x -
343388483 0 ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] which were also equal members of the federation {{ citation needed | date = february 2010 }} ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities
347164096 15 serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 mid }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would
400599300 51 : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia
492545273 16 sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } ( {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] < / center > ]] }} ) in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria
20 file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } ( {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] }} ) in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria
582995381 0 tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent communist state , starting as a prime minister . {{ fact | date = november 2013 }} the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during world war ii is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent
600495295 0 . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . the film was spiced by distorting sounds and fabricated voice of the croatian minister {{ citation needed | date = march 2014 }} . guns were also fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army
622080554 0 [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | march 1 , 1992 | april 6 , 1992 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | march 1 | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]]
1 < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | june 25 , 1991 | october 8 , 1991 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 25 | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg |
2 | 40px ]] < / center > | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 17 | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg
3 file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | september 8 , 1991 | april 8 , 1993 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | september 8 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]]
4 / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 21 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 3 , 2006 {{ fact }} | may 21 | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
5 file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 21 , 2006 {{ fact }} | june 3 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | may 21 | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]]
6 / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 22 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 5 , 2006 {{ fact }} | february 15 | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
7 file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 22 , 2006 {{ fact }} | june 5 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 15 | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]]
622094862 0 [[ slovenes | slovene ]] ethnic territory . {{ efn - lr | the [[ slovene minority in italy ( 1920 – 1947 ) ]] was subjected to forced [[ italianization | italianisation ]] . }} ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]]
623264122 4 and eastern europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] , cutting off a quarter of [[ slovenes | slovene ]] ethnic territory . {{ efn - lr | the [[ slovene minority in italy ( 1920 – 1947 ) ]] was subjected to forced [[ italianization | italianisation ]] . }} ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] :
655812829 0 the 1970s which was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports {{ citation needed | date = april 2015 }} . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]]
656901506 40 | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 1 march 1992 | 6 april 1992 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 1 march | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]]
44 / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | 25 june 1991 | 8 october 1991 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 25 june | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]]
51 < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 8 september 1991 | 8 april 1993 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 8 september | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]]
55 border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 21 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 3 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 21 may | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center >
56 coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 21 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 3 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 21 may | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]]
60 border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 22 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 5 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 15 february | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center >
61 coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 22 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 5 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 15 february | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]]
679119895 0 books . google . com / books ? id = epmof1l0ibac & pg = pa28 | year = 1990 | publisher = duke university press | pages = 28 – 37 | display - authors = etal }} < / ref > tito criticised both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with india and other countries , started the [[ non -
818985113 3 1 . pdf | title = max planck yearbook of united nations law | chapter = participation of former yugoslav states in the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20100613083054 / http : / / www . mpil . de / shared / data / pdf / pdfmpunyb / wood _ 1 . pdf | archivedate = 13 june 2010 | df = dmy - all }} < / ref > in 2000 , milosevic was prosecuted for atrocities committed in his ten - year rule in serbia and the yugoslavia war . < ref name =
819819549 0 stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = yugoslav dinar | footnotes = | footnotes2 = | today = {{ flag | serbia }} < br / > {{ flag | croatia }} < br / > {{ flag | bosnia and herzegovina }} < br / > {{ flag | montenegro }} < br / > {{ flag | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | a | } } | footnote _ a = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language |
3 _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = yugoslav dinar | footnotes = | footnotes2 = | today = }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[
820074810 1 quote = similarly , the 1921 constitution declared serbocroatoslovenian as the official and national language of the kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenians . }} < / ref > | footnote _ b = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language |
820172521 1 quote = similarly , the 1921 constitution declared serbocroatoslovenian as the official and national language of the kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenians . }} < / ref > | footnote _ b = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language |
820335320 2 | ( 1929 – 1931 ) }} < br / > [[ federal republic | federal ]] [[ socialist state | socialist ]] [[ republic ]] {{ small | ( 1945 - 1992 ) }} | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _
845906915 0 " down with the red bourgeoisie ! " | issue = 1968 : memories and legacies of a global revolt | journal = bulletin of the ghi | year = 2009 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20131004072155 / http : / / www . ghi - dc . org / files / publications / bu _ supp / supp006 / bus6 _ 181 . pdf | archivedate = 4 october 2013 | df = dmy - all }} < / ref > a more severe sign of disobedience was so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in zagreb organised demonstrations for
group 6
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
206751541 26 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbo - croatian and slovene ( latin only ) : kraljevina jugoslavija / краљевина југославија ; [[ macedonian ]] : кралство југославија . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later .
248465338 0 , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > the yugoslavians decide to make a platoon to free the prisoners , but they too were taken hostage . the yugoslavs then confronted the hungarians , italians , and germans in ally with turkey , estonia , jordan , and quatar . the the hungarians were eliminated completely , and the italians surrendered . the germans fled , and reterned few living p . o . ws . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav
248476978 0 , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > the yugoslavians decide to make a platoon to free the prisoners , but they too were taken hostage . the yugoslavs then confronted the hungarians , italians , and germans in ally with turkey , estonia , jordan , and quatar . the hungarians were eliminated completely , and the italians surrendered . the germans fled , and reterned few living p . o . ws . the germans were pushed out of yugoslavia . the germans were planning to invade again , but yugoslavia was too well prepared . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav
248490149 0 , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > the yugoslavians decided to creat a platoon to free most taken men , but they were captured as well . eventually , yugoslavia created a revolt , along with jordan , quatar , and turkey and struck hungary troops . the hungarians requested help from the italians , and germans . the germans were pushed out of serbia so they could assist in this battle . the germans fled yugoslavia , the italians wrote a treaty with yugoslavia , and hungary was almost completely devestated , and in the next few years agreed in treaty . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav
248512978 0 , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > the yugoslavians decided to creat a platoon to free most taken men , but they were captured as well . eventually , yugoslavia created a revolt , along with jordan , quatar , and turkey and struck hungary troops . the hungarians requested help from the italians , and germans . the germans were pushed out of serbia so they could assist in this battle . the germans fled yugoslavia , the italians wrote a treaty with yugoslavia , and hungary was almost completely devestated , and in the next few years agreed in treaty . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav
254441345 1 _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag
254442227 4 _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of former yugoslav republic of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag
257716886 1 center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of kosovo . svg | < center > ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < br > ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in
257769716 6 center > < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ image : flag of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of
19 > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of the [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image :
45 of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < center > < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[
259240376 3 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of serbia .
262054633 12 image : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ image file : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 2 . [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font
32 [[ image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ image file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size :
265808955 0 , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > wow ! = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted
265810706 1 , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > wow ! = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted
291412855 0 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia .
294275487 0 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia .
294280182 0 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia .
294603647 0 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia .
294877361 2 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia .
294982512 0 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia .
295242064 0 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia .
295242932 0 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg
295387792 0 flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width :
295388268 0 style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | - [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg
7 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia
8 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg
12 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro
13 ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg
17 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia
18 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg
22 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia
23 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg
295402396 0 flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] style = " width : 6em ;
4 style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > - | - | [[ croatia ]] style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px
8 croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - [[ macedonia ]] style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg |
9 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > - | [[ macedonia ]] style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px
13 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - [[ montenegro ]] style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg |
14 | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > - | [[ montenegro ]] style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px
18 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - [[ serbia ]] style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg |
19 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > - | [[ serbia ]] style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px
23 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - [[ slovenia ]] style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg |
24 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > - | [[ slovenia ]] style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px
300311752 1 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia .
302398403 1 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg
304658310 0 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > kosovo ' s [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence | independence ]] is disputed < / ref > |
318928497 0 il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > yugoslavia was at its strongest when tito was in control . = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[
318928528 0 il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > yugoslavia was at its strongest when tito was in control . = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[
323188742 0 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | '
323188905 0 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg
333245272 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file
333246887 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file
336062771 0 pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center - [[ yad vashem ]] | language = english | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > ' ' see : [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ' ' = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces
343360021 0 | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - style = " background : # efefef ; " | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref name = " kosovo " / > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' < ref name = " kosovo " / > | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file
343725873 4 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo .
347902784 0 | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - style = " background : # efefef ; " | [[ kosovo ]] < ref name = " kosovo " / > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] < ref name = " kosovo " / > | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file
347914170 0 | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - style = " background : # efefef ; " | [[ kosovo ]] < ref name = " kosovo " / > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] < ref name = " kosovo " / > | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file
375032646 3 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - style = " background : # efefef ; " | [[ kosovo ]] < ref name = " kosovo " / > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] < ref
5 ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg |
383421016 1 ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia and | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro .
387034056 0 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo .
412073128 0 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center - [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > ' ' see : [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ' ' = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces
439457771 4 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]]
11 size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia .
441313646 135 = 1991 - 09 - 25 | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and
466554200 7 size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg |
10 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg |
12 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ kosovo ]] }} {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]]
467907565 3 " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | [[ republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | 40px ]] < / center > [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg
8 < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | | < center > [[ file : flag of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia
14 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia .
15 ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | ]] [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg
467914600 7 " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg |
15 ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg |
17 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg |
469728921 4 center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia 1991 - 2009 . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia and republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro .
492376913 15 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia .
492545273 19 ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } ( {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] }} ) in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to
496003280 12 width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | style = " width : 6em ; "
499510164 0 file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > former formerly [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) }} = = = succession = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the
500174054 7 border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > formerly [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) }} = = = succession = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics
547327217 6 socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : ' ' ' : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 2 | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font -
35 [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 2 | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font -
594372658 1 center > | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] | february 17 | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center >
702550312 58 http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > [[ serbia and montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in 2008 . = = background = =
702589142 60 http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > [[ serbia and montenegro ]] themselves broke up in [[ 2006 ]] and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in [[ 2008 ]] .
768996113 17 http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > fry was renamed to the ' ' ' state union of serbia and montenegro ' ' ' in 2003 . serbia and montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in 2008 . = = background = =
772701137 21 http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > fry was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . serbia and montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in 2008 . = = background = =
819802470 3 www . un . org / en / member - states / | title = member states | publisher = united nations }} < / ref > | - | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] < br > < small > later renamed serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg
824490818 2 federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia | native _ name = ' ' jugoslavija ' ' < br / > југославија | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia {{ ! }} serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = state of slovenes , croats and serbs | flag _ p2 = flag of the state of slovenes , croats and serbs . svg | s1 = croatia | flag _ s1 = flag of croatia . svg | s2 = slovenia | flag _ s2 = flag of slovenia . svg | s3 = republic of macedonia {{ ! }} macedonia | flag _ s3 = flag of the republic of macedonia 1991 - 1995 . svg | s4 = republic of bosnia and herzegovina {{ ! }} bosnia and herzegovina | flag _ s4 = flag of bosnia and herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | s5 = serbia and montenegro {{ ! }} federal republic of yugoslavia | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | image _ flag = flag of
833181829 0 : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | archivedate = 28 september 2011 | df = dmy - all }} < / ref > in 2003 the federal republic of yugoslavia was renamed to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in 2008 . = = background = = {{ main
group 7
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
15458682 0 net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . balkan - archive . org . yu / politics / war in former yugoslavia ] ( pictures of the hidden side of the war that nobody wants to show , etc . ) {{ commons | yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & #
15548291 0 archive . org . yu / politics / war in former yugoslavia ] ( pictures of the hidden side of the war that nobody wants to show , etc . ) * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & #
34136474 7 boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a massive yes vote in the referendum , with a turn - out of around 64 % . {{ ref | malcolm }} the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the
34241700 17 srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 98 % {{ ref | malcolm }} , however yes vote by 2 / 3 of the population was needed . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5
59411371 0 {st@rt} {{ unreferenced }} {{ not verified }} {{ citations missing }} {{ cleanup - date | june 2006 }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages
63201915 1 {st@rt} {{ citations missing }} {{ cleanup - date | june 2006 }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' '
65110599 0 yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] = = references = = < references / > {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = external links = =
176152092 0 {st@rt} - - [[ special : contributions / 24 . 128 . 145 . 93 | 24 . 128 . 145 . 93 ]] ( [[ user talk : 24 . 128 . 145 . 93 | talk ]] ) 14 : 28 , 6 december 2007 ( utc ) - - - - - - - - yugoslavia is a big fat poop face ! ! ! ! and should be taken over by the french . - - - - {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px
176171781 0 {st@rt} - - [[ special : contributions / 24 . 128 . 145 . 93 | 24 . 128 . 145 . 93 ]] ( [[ user talk : 24 . 128 . 145 . 93 | talk ]] ) 14 : 28 , 6 december 2007 ( utc ) - - - - - - - - {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px
180736112 0 / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] * [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in
185765996 0 of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | 140px ]] {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[
191258641 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' hello : ) ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px
191262286 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' hello : ) ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb |
191262365 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb |
193291662 0 & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west went wrong " ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in
203839515 0 ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . {{ powerful nations }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in
203848584 0 ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . {{ powerful nations }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in
205031513 0 {st@rt} {{ pp - semi - vandalism | small = yes }} ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb |
206780466 0 {st@rt} {{ pp - semi - vandalism | small = yes }} ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb |
206802676 1 ' ' država slovenaca , hrvata i srba ' ' / држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ; {{ lang - sl | ' ' država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov ' ' }} ; {{ lang - mk | кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците }} ) . the country was established on [[ 29 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . it lasted
11 december 1918 it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia " ( kraljevina srbija / краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( serbo - croatian : {{ lang | sh | kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба }} ; slovene : {{ lang | sl | kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov
212663303 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px
214561406 0 was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during the second world war ii = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at
215136896 0 {st@rt} {{ pp - semi - vandalism | expiry = june 2 , 2008 | small = yes }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px
216789147 0 {st@rt} {{ pp - semi - vandalism | expiry = june 2 , 2008 | small = yes }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px
219529741 20 . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november [[ 1970 ]] ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]]
21 . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november [[ 1970 ]] ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category
222532399 0 communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | 140px ]] {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s
227312754 0 {st@rt} this is all fake {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px
227312798 0 {st@rt} this is all fake {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px
231807320 0 http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]]
231807528 0 in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = resistance movements yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[
231810308 7 the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and
18 yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | 140px right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[
236526691 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px |
237537689 0 . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 making the history of 1989 : the fall of communism in eastern europe ] was created by the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / center for history and new media ] , [ http : / / gmu . edu george mason university ] , fairfax , va . this project contains primary sources and teaching resources for the history of 1989 in eastern europe , as well as documentation on the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] . {{ yug - timeline }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category :
246067682 0 stjepan " stevo " filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) seconds before plunging to his death . ]] [[ image : dfy coat of arms . gif | the coat of arms of the [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] . ]] {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12
253861794 0 ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ image : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px |
254038112 0 {st@rt} = = headline text = = {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 .
254039072 0 {st@rt} = = headline text = = {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 .
256387537 4 | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces by the secessionist forces . when in
259311852 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' ' ' bold text ' ' ' ' ' the yugoslavia area is best known for thier amazing apple juice and their amazing barbie fruit snacks . their fruits have a delectible taste . if u have read this do not believe these lies that people have posted b 4 . what i have just previously typed is nothing but the hardcore truth right now . yugoslavia ' s main religion is wiccan / satin . black dress with the tights underneath . i got the breathe of the last cigerrett on my teeth . {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 .
259311854 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' ' ' bold text ' ' ' ' ' the yugoslavia area is best known for thier amazing apple juice and their amazing barbie fruit snacks . their fruits have a delectible taste . if u have read this do not believe these lies that people have posted b 4 . what i have just previously typed is nothing but the hardcore truth right now . yugoslavia ' s main religion is wiccan / satin . black dress with the tights underneath . i got the breathe of the last cigerrett on my teeth . {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 .
259545805 0 {st@rt} lyrics to don ' t trust me : black dress with the tights underneath , i got the breath of the last cigarette on my teeth , and shes an actress ( actress ) , but she ain ' t got no need . shes got money from her parents in a trust fund back east . t - t - t - tongues always pressed to your cheeks , while my tongue is on the inside of some other girls teeth , t - tell your boyfriend if he says hes got beef , that i ' m a vegetarian and i ain ' t fucking scared of him . she wants to touch me ( woah ) , she wants to love me ( woah ) , she ' ll never leave me ( woah , woah , oh , oh ) , don ' t trust a ho , never trust a ho , won ' t trust a ho , won ' t trust me . x ' s on the back of your hands , wash them in the bathroom to drink like the bands . and your setlist ( setlist ) , you stole off the stage , had red and purple lipstick all over the page . b - b - b - bruises cover your arms , shaking in the fingers with the bottle in your palm . and the best is ( best is ) , no one knows who you are , just another girl alone at the bar . she wants to touch me ( woah ) , she wants to love me ( woah ) , she ' ll never leave me ( woah , woah , oh , oh ) , don ' t trust a ho , never trust a ho , won ' t trust a ho , won ' t trust me . shush girl shut your lips , do the hellen keller and talk with your hips . i said , shush girl shut your lips , do the hellen keller and talk with your hips . i said , shush girl shut your lips , do the hellen keller and talk with your hips . woah , woah , woah . . . she wants to touch me ( woah ) , she wants to love me ( woah ) , she ' ll never leave me ( woah , woah , oh , oh ) , don ' t trust a ho , never trust a ho , won ' t trust a ho , won ' t trust me {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 .
259545912 0 {st@rt} lyrics to don ' t trust me : black dress with the tights underneath , i got the breath of the last cigarette on my teeth , and shes an actress ( actress ) , but she ain ' t got no need . shes got money from her parents in a trust fund back east . t - t - t - tongues always pressed to your cheeks , while my tongue is on the inside of some other girls teeth , t - tell your boyfriend if he says hes got beef , that i ' m a vegetarian and i ain ' t fucking scared of him . she wants to touch me ( woah ) , she wants to love me ( woah ) , she ' ll never leave me ( woah , woah , oh , oh ) , don ' t trust a ho , never trust a ho , won ' t trust a ho , won ' t trust me . x ' s on the back of your hands , wash them in the bathroom to drink like the bands . and your setlist ( setlist ) , you stole off the stage , had red and purple lipstick all over the page . b - b - b - bruises cover your arms , shaking in the fingers with the bottle in your palm . and the best is ( best is ) , no one knows who you are , just another girl alone at the bar . she wants to touch me ( woah ) , she wants to love me ( woah ) , she ' ll never leave me ( woah , woah , oh , oh ) , don ' t trust a ho , never trust a ho , won ' t trust a ho , won ' t trust me . shush girl shut your lips , do the hellen keller and talk with your hips . i said , shush girl shut your lips , do the hellen keller and talk with your hips . i said , shush girl shut your lips , do the hellen keller and talk with your hips . woah , woah , woah . . . she wants to touch me ( woah ) , she wants to love me ( woah ) , she ' ll never leave me ( woah , woah , oh , oh ) , don ' t trust a ho , never trust a ho , won ' t trust a ho , won ' t trust me {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 .
259626124 0 {st@rt} {{ pp - semi - vandalism | small = yes }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 .
262826619 0 {st@rt} republic of kosova - republika e kosovës - president : ibrahim rugova - indenpendent : 2008 {{ pp - semi - vandalism | small = yes }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia
262827274 0 {st@rt} republic of kosova - republika e kosovës - president : ibrahim rugova - indenpendent : 2008 {{ pp - semi - vandalism | small = yes }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia
265810245 0 thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background to read = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged
265810361 0 thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background to read = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged
268496944 0 {st@rt} {{ pp - semi - vandalism | small = yes }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 .
284460519 0 {st@rt} ☻ / ▐ \ / \ this is bob copy and paste him so he can rule over wikipedia {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 .
284460772 0 {st@rt} ☻ / ▐ \ / \ this is bob copy and paste him so he can rule over wikipedia {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 .
284695040 50 stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ( city ) | split ]] , croatia , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving it through a crowd of people the film was spiced by distorting sounds and fabricated voice of the croatian minister . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also , guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month
299424537 0 {st@rt} as of june 29th , 2009 , yugoslavia reformed as a country on the whim of several ultimate frisbee players . {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 .
299425096 0 {st@rt} as of june 29th , 2009 , yugoslavia reformed as a country on the whim of several ultimate frisbee players . {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 .
308336766 0 {st@rt} ebra {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 .
308351192 0 {st@rt} ebra {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 .
309709295 0 {st@rt} this is all a lie ! ! ! {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 .
309709300 0 {st@rt} this is all a lie ! ! ! {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 .
337496257 0 {st@rt} {{ mergeto | sfr yugoslavia | kingdom of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 .
340418892 1 < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref name = " kosovo " > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' |
347164096 13 and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . ]] {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed
25 , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]]
347244560 2 = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = references = = {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia
355368422 0 {st@rt} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia .
366081058 0 map of yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces . ]] [[ file : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] . ]] [[ file : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] congress . ]] {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} on november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of
378359503 0 including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] who after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation . {{ citation needed | date = february 2010 }} ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of
378359693 0 the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] who after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation . ) {{ citation needed | date = february 2010 }} ) starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most
387354520 5 references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = = notes " right " valign = = = {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university
6 = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = = notes = = = " top " | a . | {{ note | status }} {{ kosovo - note }} | } ' ' ' references : ' ' ' {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000
391770943 0 {st@rt} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia .
398824624 0 including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] who after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation < ref > {{ cite book | last = huntington | first = samuel p . ) {{ citation needed | date = february 2010 }} starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of
1 the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] who after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation . | title = [[ the clash of civilizations | the clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order ]] | publisher = simon & schuster | isbn = 0 - 684 - 84441 - 9 | year = 1996 | page = 260 }} < / ref > ) {{ citation needed | date = february 2010 }} starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most
400599300 18 | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } ( {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the
430938486 0 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | <
436091877 0 ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) , coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = = = first yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] [[
6 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = socialist ' ' in 1929 . yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic
439457771 1 ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ }} {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[
441313646 0 {st@rt} {{ use dmy dates | date = july 2011 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia
468701811 64 today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = notes and references = = ' ' ' notes : ' ' ' { | class = " references - small " style = " margin - left : 13px ; line - height : 150 % " | align = " right " valign = " top " | a . | {{ note | status }} {{ kosovo - note }} | } ' ' ' references : ' ' ' {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia
478217075 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ for | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = july 2011 february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }}
495585894 12 and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] . coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] [[
25 prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] . coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . = = first yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia
28 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic
495666744 15 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > first yugoslavia {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] [[
20 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic
30 and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] . coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] [[
495668696 14 and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] . coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] [[
29 prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] . coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . = = first yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia
32 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic
496000041 0 = = = the ' ' yugosphere ' ' is a term used to describe the present day physical areas which formed yugoslavia , as well as culture and influence . {{ clarify | reason = what sort of influence ? what of / from ? }} < ref > {{ cite web | title = former yugoslavia patches itself together : entering the yugosphere | work = the economist | date = 20 august 2009 | url
498429134 0 }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] {{ link ga | no }} [[ af : joego - slawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be :
498483649 0 }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] {{ link ga | no }} [[ af : joego - slawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be :
517568094 0 {st@rt} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = february october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px
530921150 0 ]] is formed * 14 december 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = {{ out of date | section | date = january 2013 }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | header = | image1 = map of war in yugoslavia , 1992 . png |
537097237 0 . the [[ united nations ]] also [[ united nations security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . < ref name = " mpil . de " > {{ cite book | url = http : / / www . mpil . de / shared / data / pdf / pdfmpunyb / wood _ 1 . pdf |
1 those aspirations and accepted the opinion of [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on november 2 , 2000 . < ref name = " ebrd country promotion programme " > {{ cite web | title = fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf |
542253625 5 december 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = {{ out of date | section | date = january 2013 }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | header = | image1 = map of war in yugoslavia , 1992 . png |
555232598 1 . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay the collapse of communist yugoslavia ] * {{ cite americana | jugoslavia | author = milivoy s . stanoyevich | short = x }} {{ yugoslavia topics | state = collapsed }} {{ yug - timeline }} {{ coord | 44 | 49 | 14 | n | 20 | 27 | 44 |
578720338 2 relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = notes and references = = {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc
587714715 2 ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] [[ category : southeastern europe ]] {{ link ga | no }}
588344999 0 ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) , formed was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]] n [[ croats | croat ]] politician [[ ante trumbić ]] , lobbied
610895932 1 right | 150px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " shortly before his execution ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 & nbsp ; am on 6 april 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism |
616888517 0 = | pages = }} < / ref > however , he refused to abdicate . marshal tito was now in full control , and all opposition elements were eliminated . he executed over 100 , 000 croats and slovenes who had collaborated with the germans . < ref > {{ cite book | author1 = arnold and wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http : / / books .
620300269 0 pages = }} < / ref > however , he refused to abdicate . marshal tito was now in full control , and all opposition elements were eliminated . < ref name = " books . google . com " > {{ cite book | author1 = arnold and wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http : / / books . google .
622094154 23 " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | march 1 , 1992 | april 6 , 1992 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | march 1 | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
26 < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | june 25 , 1991 | october 8 , 1991 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 25 | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[
36 | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | september 8 , 1991 | april 8 , 1993 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | september 8 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
38 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 21 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 3 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | may 21 | - | [[ serbia ]]
39 file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 21 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 3 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | may 21 | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
41 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 22 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 5 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 15 | - | [[ slovenia ]]
42 file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 22 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 5 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 15 | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
685264591 0 {st@rt} {{ distinguish | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi
685357030 2 {st@rt} {{ distinguish | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi
685369118 0 {st@rt} {{ distinguish | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi
685373368 2 {st@rt} {{ distinguish | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi
685440379 0 {st@rt} {{ distinguish | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi
702550312 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' {{ distinguish | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ pp - semi | small
13 ' ' , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in [[ 1918 {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]] n [[ croats | croat ]] politician [[ ante trumbić ]] , lobbied the
14 ' , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 ]] {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]] n [[ croats | croat ]] politician [[ ante trumbić ]] , lobbied the allies
702589142 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' {{ distinguish | federal republic of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' ' ' ' {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }}
13 , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in [[ 1918 ]] {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]] n [[ croats | croat ]] politician [[ ante trumbić ]] , lobbied
14 ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in [[ 1918 ]] {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]] n [[ croats | croat ]] politician [[ ante trumbić ]] , lobbied the allies
754482671 0 {st@rt} {{ distinguish | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move -
754485190 4 coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 25 june 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 october 1991 }} < br / > {{ | not a member {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 25 june }} | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | [[ file : flag
10 arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 8 september 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 april 1993 }} < br / > < small > ( as fr yugoslavia , membership succeeded by serbia on {{ dts | 3 june 2006 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 21 may }} | - | [[
13 | [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 1 march 1992 }} | {{ dts | 6 april 1992 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 1 march }} | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border
17 coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 8 september 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 april 1993 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 8 september }} | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | [[ file :
18 arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 8 september 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 april 1993 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 8 september }} | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]]
763759709 0 {st@rt} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia
772785767 0 | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 17 february 2008 }} | not a member < br / > ( status disputed ) | {{ dts | 17 february }} | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical
772785812 1 : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 17 february 2008 }} | not a member < br / > ( status disputed ) < / small > | {{ dts | 17 february }} | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical
786261646 1 serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 22 may 2006 }} < br / ref name = " jurist " > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 01 11 2000 }} < br > < small > ( as fr yugoslavia , membership succeeded
3 [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 22 may 2006 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 5 june 2011 | accessdate = 18 june 2017 }} | {{ dts | 01 11 2000 }} < br > < small > ( as fr yugoslavia , membership succeeded by serbia on {{ dts | 3 june 2006
6 montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 21 may 2006 }} < br ref name = " jurist " / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 28 06 2006 }} | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[
7 | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 21 may 2006 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 28 06 2006 }} | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg
807327529 0 october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija / }} југославија {{ ipa - sh | juɡǒslaːʋija | } } ; {{ lang - sl | jugoslavija }} {{ ipa - sl |
809499570 2 {st@rt} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans 1918 - 1941 kingdom | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia
819802470 8 serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 5 june 2006 }} < ref name = " jurist " br > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . jurist . org / thisday / 2011 / 06 / serbia - declared - independence . php |
10 www . jurist . org / thisday / 2011 / 06 / serbia - declared - independence . php | title = serbia declared independence | publisher = jurist | date = 5 june 2011 | accessdate = 18 june 2017 }} < / ref > of the proclamation of fr yugoslavia | {{ dts | 01 11 2000 }} < br > < small > ( as fr yugoslavia , membership succeeded by serbia on {{ dts | 3 june 2006 }}
819821056 12 < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | a | } } | footnote _ a b = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ,
842266865 3 yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = yugoslav dinar | footnotes = | footnotes2 = | today = }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' {{ lang | sh | jugoslavija }} ' ' , југославија ; {{ ipa - sh | juɡǒslaːʋija | } } ) was a country in [[ southeast europe | southeastern
4 - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' {{ lang | sh | jugoslavija }} ' ' , југославија ; {{ ipa - sh | juɡǒslaːʋija | } } ) was a country in [[ southeast europe | southeastern ]] and [[ central europe ]] for most of the 20th century
842760122 1 in today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ women in yugoslavia ]] = = notes = = {{ reflist | group = note }} {{ reflist | group = lower - roman }} = = references = = {{ reflist | 30em }} * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 .
842797481 0 1941 _ april _ 06 . html | archivedate = 15 october 2009 | df = dmy - all }} < / ref > = = world war ii = = {{ refimprove section | date = may 2018 }} {{ main article | world war ii in yugoslavia }} [[ file : stjepan stevo filipović . jpg | thumb | right | upright = 0 . 7 | [[ yugoslav
846351997 1 ref > in april 2001 , the five successor states extant at the time drafted an agreement on succession issues , signing the agreement in june 2001 . < ref > https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20000816214535 / http : / / www . cia . gov : 80 / cia / publications / factbook / sr . html < {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . dipublico . com . ar / english / yugoslav - agreement - on - succession - issues - 2001
847115357 2 = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / > 1945 – 1992 < br / > {{ nowrap | {{ small | {{ nobold | 1941 – 1945 : [[ yugoslav government - in - exile | government - in - exile ]] }} }} }} | p1 =
847902924 5 = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / > 1945 – 1992 < br / > {{ nowrap | {{ small | {{ nobold | 1941 – 1945 : [[ yugoslav government - in - exile | government - in - exile ]] }} }} }} | p1 =
group 8
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
23102723 0 ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]]
23116671 1 ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry
31628313 1 yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia tiger pwns you ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the
54532013 0 - x = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was
63331191 10 , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * , with capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # socialist republic of [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of
134919978 3 serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the [[ nazis ]] made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use [[ croatia | croatian ]] n [[ fascism ]] for barbarous acts against the serbs and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some elements in
168734899 14 fry ( see below ) * [[ november ]] , [[ 1995 ]] , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ 1996 ]] - [[ 1999 ]] clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] nato
185792313 0 europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia
1 , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' (
191900872 1 europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ( from sunday february 17th 2008 ) , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' '
192077462 3 in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ( from sunday , february 17th , 2008 ) , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' '
192161546 1 europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] '
192405403 0 , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia
192459256 1 ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia
193351040 1 ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the region of [[ kosovo ]] [[ 2008
193447637 1 ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia
193587328 1 ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia
193894652 4 ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia
193899901 1 ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia
194084019 0 europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]]
194104308 0 europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]]
197171154 1 ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia
197211778 1 ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia
197289863 3 ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia
199794926 3 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( pending full international recognition ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the
199795294 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ no kosovo ]] ( pending full international recognition ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic
199795480 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] no * [[ kosovo until full recgnition of the world and respect of international law . i ' m sorry , but i can make a " pending full recognition " claim of quebec
201577676 0 = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * * partially recognized brakeaway province of [[ kosovo ]] ( pending full international recognition ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav
203556024 2 europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the former constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , now independent states , are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia montenegro ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province
210295199 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied
210773864 5 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo | republic of kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina |
229663329 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union
229719056 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union
229854518 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union
232976968 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( only some nations recognize it as an independent country , and the un has not done so ) * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union
1 | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is in dispute ) image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia
232978942 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( only some nations recognize it as an independent country , and the un has not done so ) * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union
1 | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is in dispute ) image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia
232981225 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( only some nations recognize it as an independent country , and the un has not done so ) * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union
1 | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is in dispute ) image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia
237699601 1 | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image :
238651539 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the
241485481 3 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the
247935764 23 = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ republic of macedonia |
36 | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] < / center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image :
251599396 2 = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ montenegro ]] *
257767654 4 belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : * [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]]
5 ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : * [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] ; * < / nowiki > | < center > [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] ;
284695040 74 [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia | croatian banovina ]] ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international
295388268 4 ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border
468701811 11 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = state union of serbia and montenegro = = main article : [[ serbia and montenegro ]] following the [[ breakup of yugoslavia ]] , it was established in 1992 as a
492692066 0 ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < /
493354776 4 [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = third yugoslavia = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = main article : [[ serbia and montenegro ]] as yugoslavia began to dissolve and the subsequent [[ yugoslav wars | wars ]] raged through croatia
496003280 10 ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " width : 7em ; | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia
542264962 2 " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | march 1 , 1992 | april 6 , 1992 | march 1 | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
542271741 0 ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | sr macedonia ]] , [[ socialist republic of montenegro | sr montenegro ]] , [[ socialist republic of slovenia | sr slovenia ]] , and [[ socialist republic of serbia | sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[
group 9
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
12613493 0 1072 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1112 ; & # 1072 ; ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh - cn : & # 21335 ; & # 26031 ; & # 25289 ; & # 22827 ; ]]
22785116 46 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1112 ; & # 1072 ; ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : & # 21335 ; & # 26031 ; & # 25289 ; & # 22827 ; 南斯拉夫 ]]
27573042 0 ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] comments : i the so called clerics in the first paragraph had no power in the yugoslav republics , in fact it wasn ' t untill mid seventies that yugoslavia signed an aggreement with the vatican , stating that catholic religious belief will no longer be persecuted . the communist country really did cease to openly persecute catholics , but they were forced into hiding with measures within the public companies , which would not hire or keep on anyone who openly professed their catholic faith . beeing a socialist country , all the companies ( until the 80s ) within yugoslavia were public . the orthodox were not persecuted although not encouraged even though a vast majority of the serbs were orthodox and at the same time - communist , unfortunately the muslims both in kosovo and macedonia as well as bosnia were still persecuted and even killed . this silent civil war raged all through the second yugoslav period , and is raging still in macedonia and kosovo . ii it was in fact the people of the republics of slovenia and croatia , who decided that the vote of the republic of serbia in the yugoslav parliament should count as one vote and that the president of one republic , that beeing slobodan milosevic who was in fact only president of serbia can not decide for everyone . that is how the croat , slovene and bosnian votes should have outweighed his lone vote . it was in milosevic ' s nature to pose as the big leader of yugoslavia even though the president of the federation was in fact janez drnovsek . milosevic was defending the so called big serbia . an idea of the late 19th and ( especially ) early 20th century which states that yugoslavia is in fact big serbia , and that no other ethnicity within it compares in size and should therefore compare in power . in this respect it is neccessary to mention that in the original constitution of yugoslavia , that was written during and after world war ii the rights of decision of each separate nation to leave the federacy are unquestionable . iii also the yugoslav national army held high power within the second yugoslavia before the constitution of 1974 , part of which was also the parting of republic ' s police forces from the yugoslav national army and forming of military teritorial defences ( to ) in separate republics respectively . the yugoslav national army was in fact losing its former power in comparison to pre - 1974 yugoslavia . iv it should also be taken into perspective that bosnia and herzegovina was one republic populated by three religious groups : catholic , orthodox and muslims . the first two are usually called simply croatian and serbian , but the last one comprised of both of these ethnic groups is simply refered to as muslim for a lack of better name . in the second yugoslavia they were referred to as muslims as well , and hence not recognized as a nationality , but rather as a religious minority in respect to other religions within the sfrj ( socialist federative republic of yugoslavia ) and as such ( comment i ) persecuted .
27573396 0 ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] comments : i the so called clerics in the first paragraph had no power in the yugoslav republics , in fact it wasn ' t untill mid seventies that yugoslavia signed an aggreement with the vatican , stating that catholic religious belief will no longer be persecuted . the communist country really did cease to openly persecute catholics , but they were forced into hiding with measures within the public companies , which would not hire or keep on anyone who openly professed their catholic faith . beeing a socialist country , all the companies ( until the 80s ) within yugoslavia were public . the orthodox were not persecuted although not encouraged even though a vast majority of the serbs were orthodox and at the same time - communist , unfortunately the muslims both in kosovo and macedonia as well as bosnia were still persecuted and even killed . this silent civil war raged all through the second yugoslav period , and is raging still in macedonia and kosovo . ii it was in fact the people of the republics of slovenia and croatia , who decided that the vote of the republic of serbia in the yugoslav parliament should count as one vote and that the president of one republic , that beeing slobodan milosevic who was in fact only president of serbia can not decide for everyone . that is how the croat , slovene and bosnian votes should have outweighed his lone vote . it was in milosevic ' s nature to pose as the big leader of yugoslavia even though the president of the federation was in fact janez drnovsek . milosevic was defending the so called big serbia . an idea of the late 19th and ( especially ) early 20th century which states that yugoslavia is in fact big serbia , and that no other ethnicity within it compares in size and should therefore compare in power . in this respect it is neccessary to mention that in the original constitution of yugoslavia , that was written during and after world war ii the rights of decision of each separate nation to leave the federacy are unquestionable . iii also the yugoslav national army held high power within the second yugoslavia before the constitution of 1974 , part of which was also the parting of republic ' s police forces from the yugoslav national army and forming of military teritorial defences ( to ) in separate republics respectively . the yugoslav national army was in fact losing its former power in comparison to pre - 1974 yugoslavia . iv it should also be taken into perspective that bosnia and herzegovina was one republic populated by three religious groups : catholic , orthodox and muslims . the first two are usually called simply croatian and serbian , but the last one comprised of both of these ethnic groups is simply refered to as muslim for a lack of better name . in the second yugoslavia they were referred to as muslims as well , and hence not recognized as a nationality , but rather as a religious minority in respect to other religions within the sfrj ( socialist federative republic of yugoslavia ) and as such ( comment i ) persecuted .
28693365 0 ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ fi : jugoslavian ]]
88364098 0 [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] there is no more yugoslavia
93003032 0 [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ ]]
134661534 1 [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] = = [ headline text ] < gallery > ' ' ' image : example . jpg | caption1 image : example . jpg | caption2 ' ' ' < / gallery > = =
134684632 0 [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] = = [ headline text ] < gallery > ' ' ' image : example . jpg | caption1 image : example . jpg | caption2 ' ' ' < / gallery > = =
142579717 0 [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]]
156524186 4 [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]]
165572637 0 [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] thwen djfiodsjf - 9dasfsg
165573000 0 [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] thwen djfiodsjf - 9dasfsg
254441153 0 [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] former yugoslav republic of macedonia ( since 1995 )
254441894 1 jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] former yugoslav republic of macedonia ( since 1995 ) 南斯拉
254442227 2 jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉 南斯拉夫 ]]
260686440 0 [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]]
341172017 0 : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ zh - classical : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ yi : יוגאסלאוויע ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] and then some : ) wat ?
341172076 1 : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ zh - classical : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ yi : יוגאסלאוויע ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] and then some : ) wat ?
group 10
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
47535806 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political
55039433 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but
83862003 1 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three separate political entities that existed during most
2 ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on
37 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a
92027256 6 ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , slovenian , croatian , bosnian , ' ' југославија ' ' in ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four
92498255 0 of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ slovenian language | slovenian ]] latin , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , or ' ' југославија ' ' in ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[
2 , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , or ' ' југославија ' ' in ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian english language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at a time on the
5 ' ' in [[ slovenian language | slovenian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , or ' ' југославија ' ' in ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political
94134661 0 [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ kosovo ]] ( ' ' kosovo ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ; [[ kosova ]] in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto
112621417 3 yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in latin , југославија in [[ cyrillic ]] , ; [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan
121446205 3 ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic latinic transliterations | latinic ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the
144797370 0 jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english : language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]]
145645472 0 jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english : language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during
203556024 14 ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , " југославија " in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : ' ' south slavia ' ' , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes
206808719 3 ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , " југославија " in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : ' ' south slavia ' ' , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes
220496604 0 language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbo - croatian serbian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] :
228473441 0 alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities
231448818 0 alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities
231803887 1 precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet croatian language | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet
3 ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and in [[ macedonian
7 latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија ; [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities
8 ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; literally in [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that
236693431 0 yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
238356595 0 yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
239059624 0 over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet |
239131547 0 over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet |
240006570 0 - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in [[ english language | english ]]
1 where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs
241485481 5 - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] {{ fact | date = september 2008 }} , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in [[ english language | english ]]
8 where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs
246580947 0 yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
246701819 0 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language
246787688 0 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language
247526296 3 language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " or " land of [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively
254161537 0 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language
257715790 0 - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ albanian language albanian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet |
257719367 5 - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ albanian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet |
259245029 0 - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet |
267761346 0 - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet |
275946928 0 ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian fyromian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or
276005095 0 ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ fyromian macedonian language | fyromian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or
276014383 0 ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian fyromian _ language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or
276016370 0 ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ fyromian _ macedonian language | fyromian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or
281117483 3 also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority
12 ]] , [[ republic of macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian was
284695040 0 right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin
1 as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian macedonian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene
3 over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian montenegrin language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian
291724921 0 [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " , [[ albani albanian language | albania ]] ' ' jugoslavia ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during
293468792 3 : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ' ' jugoslavia ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe
293624881 1 serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; from the [[ south slavs ]] " , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ' ' jug ' ' and ' ' slav ' ' that means " the south slavia " or " the slavs of the south
294154848 0 of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian slavomacedonian language | slavomacedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene
294225092 0 of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ slavomacedonian macedonian language | slavomacedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene
295405618 0 right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language
1 ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia "
300165895 0 serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
300534454 0 ]] , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
300534494 0 albanian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [ [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
302398403 0 ]] , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
304658168 1 serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
305203625 0 ]] , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
314884067 4 serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
314888561 0 serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
315047149 4 serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
315141168 0 serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
315205975 4 serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
315317273 0 ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ;
315317347 0 ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet
315737225 0 . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian bulgarian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' '
315753016 0 . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bulgarian macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' '
319569174 10 ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ;
319589909 0 ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ;
319701637 10 ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ;
319852932 0 ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ;
321352765 0 right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language
321364993 0 right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language
321366370 0 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , t [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language
321366425 0 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' t [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language
321368159 0 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language
321369544 0 right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language
321372404 0 right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language
321374296 0 right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language
323187061 0 precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
323250306 0 precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
323414224 0 precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
323495095 0 precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
323566558 0 precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
323675859 0 precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
323722231 0 right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ albaniab language | albania ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnia ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language
323747498 0 right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ albaniab language | albania ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnia ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language
1 ' ( [[ albaniab language | albania ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnia ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
323748841 0 right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija
323930971 0 - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin _ language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
324038125 0 croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin _ language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic
324901840 0 - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
324929646 0 - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
325211534 0 yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija '
325617238 0 | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian serbian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet
325697061 0 | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian serbo - croatian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic
326830784 0 | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic
327984843 0 precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
328572029 0 ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin _ language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
337480691 0 ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin _ language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian skopje language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in
337480914 0 ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin _ language | montenegrin ]] , [[ skopje macedonian language | skopje ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in
337482203 0 ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin _ language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic
346818646 0 ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian fyrom language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in
346818728 0 ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ fyrom macedonian language | slavic ] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in
346898017 0 | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language |
3 precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally
354516843 0 yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed
354517678 0 yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed
354759433 0 yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed
379459406 1 | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic
379540202 0 | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian
379540364 1 | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic
407919403 0 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic
407919472 0 the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic |
447905744 1 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic |
447905869 0 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ( [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian
495585894 1 | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija '
2 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' '
495666744 25 | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans
495668696 3 | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija '
4 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' '
725921112 4 ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of
730218902 0 october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language |
745597316 0 map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ serbo - croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian
5 october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language |
745962753 0 yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian latin cyrillic alphabet | serbian latin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it
755859592 0 october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo {{ lang - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | serbian cyrillic ]] ,
1 [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language sh | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | serbian cyrillic ]] , [[ macedonian language
4 | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language {{ lang - mk | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | serbian cyrillic ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија ) was a country
group 11
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
642221 0 in yugoslavia ]] * [[ transportation in yugoslavia ]] * [[ military of yugoslavia ]] * [[ foreign relations of yugoslavia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * the [[ voivodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ belgrade ]] * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ novi sad ]] * [[ prishtina ]]
1 * [[ transportation in yugoslavia ]] * [[ military of yugoslavia ]] * [[ foreign relations of yugoslavia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ voivodina ]] region and its municipalities - [[ novi sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ belgrade ]] * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ novi sad ]] * [[ prishtina ]]
657082 2 relations of yugoslavia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * the [[ voivodina ]] region and its municipalities - [[ novi sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] * the [[ kosovo ]] * [[ belgrade ]] * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ novi sad ]] * [[ prishtina ]]
4 ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * the [[ voivodina ]] region and its municipalities - [[ novi sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ belgrade ]] - the capital of the federal republic of yugoslavia * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ novi sad ]] * [[ prishtina ]]
5 ]] * the [[ voivodina ]] region and its municipalities - [[ novi sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ belgrade ]] * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ novi sad ]] * [[ prishtina ]]
8862936 0 the new [[ constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics : * [[ bosnia - and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]]
17893899 1 [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] , * [[ kosovo ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build
17893923 0 * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] ( republics ) ; * [[ vojvodina ]] , and * [[ kosovo ]] ( autonomous provinces ) . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] )
25682758 7 * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] ( republics ) ; * [[ vojvodina ]] within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] and * [[ kosovo ]] ( autonomous provinces ) . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] are part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] .
30275074 2 ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] - mainly hungarian * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the
30298958 5 [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and two separate provinces of yugoslavia , where the people were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] - mainly hungarian * [[ kosovo ]] - annexed from albania in 1910 in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro
31628313 4 autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia tiger ' s kingdom ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]]
5 republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia tiger country ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]]
54532013 1 countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia
63331191 12 and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * , with capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # socialist republic of [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[
13 . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * , with capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . socialist autonomous province of [[ kosovo ]] , with capital in [[ pristina | priština ]] < br / > 5b . socialist autonomous province of [[ vojvodina ]] , with capital in [[ novi sad ]] # socialist republic of [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[
64300407 0 = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and
64368000 0 = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a
64369600 0 = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a
202901450 0 = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic fyr of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european
202957174 0 = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | fyr of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[
205709433 0 = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | fyr republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european
206594988 1 the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia
206597640 0 yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia
206669578 0 = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * former yugoslav [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the
206671147 5 = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * former yugoslav [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the
208347875 0 the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia
208630493 0 = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ formet yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia ,
208630626 0 = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ formet yugoslav former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia ,
208650124 1 = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia ,
209720734 1 the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in
210294170 0 = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] as well as the partially reconised state [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[
210316137 3 day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia ,
210767374 1 [[ kosovo | republic of kosovoν ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina | asutonomous autonomous province of vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia
250961887 1 * [[ croatia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * ( [[ kosovo ]] , status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) the first
251599396 4 status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia slo ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a
300473210 3 : 5b . {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : | style = " font - size : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center >
11 : 5b . {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[
466554200 14 | [[ kosovo ]] }} {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > : [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia .
467914600 11 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : emblem of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 40px ]] <
468741070 7 sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ sap socialist autonomous province of kosovo | kosovo ]] which after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation < ref > {{ cite book | last = huntington | first = samuel
542264962 16 | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file
18 | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file
group 12
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
818932945 5 jugoslavije . svg | 70px ]] | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1939 ) < br > [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] ( 1943 - 1992 ) < br > [[ fr yugoslavia ]] ( 1992 - 2003 ) | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = |
819799425 8 svg | 70px ]] | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = history _ of _ yugoslavia . svg | image _ map _ caption = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1939 ) < br > [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] ( 1943 - 1992 ) < br > [[ fr yugoslavia ]] ( 1992 - 2003 ) | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = |
819819549 1 article = emblem of yugoslavia | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common
846864398 4 jugoslavije . svg | 70px ]] | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = yugoslavia during [[ interwar period ]] and [[ cold war ]] | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = |
group 13
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
20114 9 ]] * [[ / economy | economy ]] * [[ / communications | communications ]] * [[ / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ / military | military ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transnational issues | transnational issues ]]
34484 1 communist ]] country under dictator [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent of the [[ soviet union ]] , and was not a member of the 20th century , a number of states in the balkan was unified under the name of the socialist federal republic of [[ yugoslavia ]] . all of them but
4 communist ]] country under dictator [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent of the [[ soviet union ]] . after tito ' s death , tension between the various peoples grew , and since [[ 1991 ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina
183617 0 country in southeastern europe , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as a [[ monarchy ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( petar ii [[ karadjordjevic ]] was the last king ) under dictator [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent of the [[ soviet union ]] , and was
202246 8 / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ yugoslavia / military | military ]] * [[ foreign relations of yugoslavia / transnational issues | transnational issues ]]
600840 0 other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent of the [[ soviet union ]] , and was not a member of the [[ warsaw pact ]] . the federal socialist republic of yugoslavia ceased to exist on [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] . after tito ' s death , tension between the various peoples grew , and since [[ 1991 ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina
627153 0 other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent of the [[ soviet union ]] , and was not a member of the [[ warsaw pact ]] . the federal socialist republic of yugoslavia ceased to exist on [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] . after tito ' s death , tension between the various peoples grew , and since [[ 1991 ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina
904667 1 , croats and slovenes ]] , renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " in [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist state ]] country , ( [[ petar ii karadjordjevic ]] was the last king ) under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european
4 ) under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent of the [[ soviet union ]] ( see [[ informbiro ]] ) , and was not a member of the [[ warsaw pact ]] . after tito ' s death , tension between the various peoples grew , and since [[ 1991 ]]
17 croats and slovenes ]] , renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " in [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( [[ petar ii karadjordjevic ]] was the last king ) under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries
8716078 1 broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla staged a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign , which developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and the germans answered by punishing the civil population . this led to great losses for yugoslavia , approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was
8718538 0 other parts of the country went back to [[ albania ]] , [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] s organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed royalist guerilla led by colonel [[ draza mihailovic | dra & # 382 ; a mihajlovi & # 263 ; ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the
1 [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the german response was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a
19 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade , yugoslavia | belgrade ]] . during the war the [[ communism | communist ]] lead the [[ partisans ]] that were opposing the occupation and were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , but also denied supremacy of the old [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] government . westerner attempts to reunite partisans and emigration loyal to the king led to the [[ tito
9383013 6 [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest , and marked a culmination in the rift of the ruling party . following the [[ fall of communism ]] in " the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] and in yugoslavia , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected
10662657 0 and instated the 17 - year old crown prince [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | peter ]] as the new king . apparently this defiance infuriated [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] , so the axis then decided to attack both yugoslavia and greece on [[ april 6 ]] . ( as a result , hitler had to delay the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] by four
2 the axis decided to attack both yugoslavia and greece on [[ april 6 ]] . ( as a result , hitler had to delay the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6
12285700 0 ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanian majority and the serbian minority in the province . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milosevic | slobodan milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 monkey face poo head ; ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation
12424786 0 ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanian majority and the serbian minority in the province . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ monkey face poo head slobodan milosevic | slobodan milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation
12496803 0 the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . there were also people that were secretaries of sectors invented ad hoc by tito for people he favored . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezi & # 263 ; kr & # 269 ; un served under tito and then after he started to complain
12765421 1 second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of world war ii until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the
13337536 1 serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] . his kimg alexander ' s son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of
2 , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[
13337668 1 serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] . his king alexander ' s son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of
3 , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[
13337760 2 ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] and the [[ bulgarian ]] army aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as many other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy
13672323 0 visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by the ethnic [[ bulgarian ]] vlado chernozemski acting on behalf of [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] . king alexander ' s son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of
1 [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by the ethnic [[ bulgarian ]] vlado chernozemski acting on behalf of [[ vmro ]] . king alexander ' s his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of
18469162 15 ; a ra & # 269 ; i & # 263 ; ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radic | stjepan radi & # 263 ; ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander ]] used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and
22 ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanian majority and the serbian minority in the province . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milosevic | slobodan milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended
22785116 11 ; a ra & # 269 ; i & # 263 ; ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radi & # 263 ; radić ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander ]] ( aleksandar ) used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and on [[
14 senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ du & # 353 ; an simovi & # 263 ; dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old king peter full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler
23283429 0 [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist military actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of police intervention and similar militia activity , to the point that there was
23641751 2 and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in [[ 1929 ]] , but was relatively limited in its activities until [[ 1941 ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied bosnia - herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country
5 split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ ustaše ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied bosnia - herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ albania
6 [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ ustaše ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied bosnia - herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ albania ]] ,
23902620 0 [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started military terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of police intervention and similar militia activity , to the point that there was
25041176 0 [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist guerila actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of police intervention and similar militia activity , to the point that there was
25046467 0 [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started guerila terrorist actions in kosovo . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of police intervention and similar militia activity , to the point that there was widespread violence and
30670821 1 particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists bulgarian nationalist and imro activist ]] . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] ( petar ii ) , was a child , so power fell into the hands
30912745 1 [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ imro | bulgarian nationalist and imro activist ]] velichko kerin ( more popular with his revolutionary pseudonym vlado chernozemski chernosemski ]] ) . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] ( petar ii ) , was a child , so power fell into the hands
31961080 35 and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito
32922260 4 chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to collaborate with axis powers against nla . . after allies realised that chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal
33738425 4 well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against nla . after allies realised that chetniks were helping the germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to
34 talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist armed actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the yugoslav reaction causing many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes , to the point that there was
33824815 0 talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started armed terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the yugoslav reaction causing many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes , to the point that there was
33836329 2 talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist armed actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the yugoslav reaction causing many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes , to the point that there was
33953572 2 talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started armed terrorist actions in the southern serbian province , dubbed terrorism by the serb authorities . the yugoslav reaction resulted in a large number of civilian deaths , and caused many ethnic -
34035074 13 peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist , which , starting in 1996 , carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction resulted in a large number of civilian deaths , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes , to
34136474 2 - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . frustrated by the lack of success of these policies , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] was formed , which , starting in 1996 , carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . serbian authorities denounced it as a [[ terrorism | terrorist ]] organisation , and
3 violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . frustrated by the lack of success of these policies , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] , which deemed terrorist by , starting in 1996 , carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . serbian authorities denounced it as a [[ terrorism | terrorist ]] organisation , and its indiscriminate
34241920 8 leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] was formed , deemed terrorist by , among others , serbian and [[ usa ]] authorities . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many
34474488 1 - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . frustrated by the lack of success of these policies , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] ( considered terrorist organisation by , among others , serbian authorities , and the u . s . state department , which , starting in 1996 , carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . serbian authorities denounced it as a terrorist organisation , and its indiscriminate tactics also
35849849 3 territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards [[ bosnia ]] . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[
38555187 0 unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in 1934 , he was assassinated by [[ imro | bulgarian macedonian nationalist and imro activist ]] velichko kerin ( more popular with his revolutionary pseudonym [[ vlado chernosemski ]] ) . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia |
38571494 0 unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in 1934 , he was assassinated by [[ imro | macedonian bulgarian nationalist and imro activist ]] velichko kerin ( more popular with his revolutionary pseudonym [[ vlado chernosemski ]] ) . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia |
44222520 0 ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi nazism | nazis ]] s organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla led by
1 were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew | jews ]] s , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism
3 [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] s organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla led by colonel [[
4 very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew | jews ]] , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[
44359219 0 nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla army led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) joined the [[
44361382 9 party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . a wide variety of people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito
12 after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as ' s chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was victim of a dubious traffic incident . minister of the
44361477 0 the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party of yugoslavia ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful
1 minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party | communist party of yugoslavia ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country ,
47838645 0 : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] [[ image : radovna _ spomenik . jpg | thumb | a memorial erected to the memory of villagers of [[ radovna ]] ( [[ slovenia ]] ) , who were burned alive by the germans ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the
49267272 8 the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian hegemonism . ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the
53085765 19 the [[ allies ]] , but soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against serb civilian population . for a killed soldier , germans executed 100 civilians , and for a wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on
56071916 0 . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually was a big peice of poop that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and
56234187 0 it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually was a big peice of poop that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]]
56733333 0 population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] ( considered a terrorist organisation by , among others , serbian authorities , and the u . s . state department , which added it to its list of terrorist organisations ) which carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to
63327901 61 country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany , fascists ]] and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in
62 yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany , fascists and [[ nazism | nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact
63 . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany , fascists and nazis ]] rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact ,
75 unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization that pursued [[ nazi ]] policies . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . the international political scene in the late 1930s
82 and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by fascist italy ]] and nazi germany , croatian leader vlatko macek and his party managed the creation of the croatian banovina ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was
63330276 18 axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as
22 and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] ( ' ' četnici ' ' ) , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla army led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party
24 mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla army led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats |
27 towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( nla ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croat ]] - [[ slovenian people | slovenian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]]
35 very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew | jewish ]] s , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the
36 high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew ]] s , and [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism |
53 image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] [[ image : radovna _ spomenik . jpg | thumb | a memorial erected to the memory of villagers of [[ radovna ]] ( [[ slovenia ]] ) , who were burned alive by the germans ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by
55 croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew ]] s , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans (
63517403 36 had been dominated by serbian ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the nazis made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism for barbarous slaughter acts against the serbs and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo albanian - and some elements in the bosnian muslim - population to bolster their rule . there had been one structural
49 then accepted the imf ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards neoliberalism , to the delight of the us . it was the reagan administration which , in
63521475 99 republic of serbian krajina ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a video of secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced they were at war with the
67313073 3 government . [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party became increasingly paralysed paralyzed and thrown into crisis . in 1990 - 1991 , then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority
67654191 0 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners {{ fact }} , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was
71228434 1 yugoslavia ]] = = = at 5 : 15 a . m . on [[ april 6th ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ fascism in italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav
78071900 0 ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] ( ' ' četnici '
80305420 0 | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army - narodno oslobodilacka vojska ]] ( nla ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp #
1 party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( nla nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and
2 ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] ]] the nla nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and
80306243 1 = = the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after was allowed by nov to pass through serbia from romania and exit through vojvodina on the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of
80313028 26 the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , this time openly allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan |
80313856 31 enemy - successful and democratically superior communism . simultaneously , strong so - called social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , this time openly allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the final and obvious delight of the us . it was told many
80314145 7 ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] ]] the nov nla initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and
14 = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] was allowed by nov to pass through serbia from romania and exit through vojvodina on aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the north of serbia . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after liberating [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria
23 | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army - narodno oslobodilacka vojska ]] ( nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp #
80541289 0 communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno oslobodilacka vojska ( nla ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass
1 party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( nla nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and
2 ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] ]] the nla nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and
3 ]] the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable some incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the
7 collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this nazi occupation and ethnic cleansing by ustaše in croatia and bosnia , led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[
80541881 2 = = the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided to enter jugoslavia through romania and aid in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nla met with allied forces
80541950 0 was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in the first free post - war elections independent and established [[ communism | communist ]] state republic , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[
80546909 2 ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] ]] the nov nla initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made some incursions and
3 ]] the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made some notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the
7 collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nov , the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . nazi occupation and ethnic cleansing by ustaše in croatia and bosnia , this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[
11 = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . nov allowed [[ red army ]] to enter jugoslavia through romania and aid aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but continued on through hungary in pursuit of withdrawing german forces . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nov
15 was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in the first free post - war elections independent and established [[ communism | communist ]] republic state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[
36 communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno oslobodilacka vojska ( nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass
80576110 0 communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno oslobodilacka vojska ( nla ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass
1 party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( nla nvo ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and
2 ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] ]] the nla nvo initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and
6 collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this germans . italians , ustaše and četnici joined their forces against the nvoand that led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[
80966897 2 and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the nineteenth century , mainly because of the harsh policies against slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for
80967558 0 with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nvo , the allies eventually switched to support the nvo . however , nvo carried on its guerrilla warfare . germans . , italians , ustaše and četnici joined their forces against the nvo and that led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic
83629642 0 [[ italy ]] . = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movements movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] ( ' ' četnici ' ' ) , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla
2 resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] ( ' ' četnici ' ' ) , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic fasicst royalist guerilla army led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]]
83629819 0 known for their war crimes and atrocities against non - orthodox population , croatians , muslims etc . ) , a serb - composed nationalistic fasicst royalist guerilla army led by colonel convicted war criminal [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . but very shortly after the begining of war chetniks started to collaborate with nazis . those inclined
83667331 3 communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno oslobodilacka vojska narodno oslobodilacka vojska ( nvo ) , the only true resistance against the nazis in yugoslavia during the wwii led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg |
5 ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] ]] the nvo nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and
7 german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of terminated war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nvo , the allies eventually
8 people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] ( ' ' četnici ' ' known for their war crimes and atrocities against non - orthodox population , croatians , muslims etc . ) , a serb - composed nationalistic fasicst royalist guerilla army led by convicted war criminal [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . but very shortly after the
87847188 49 . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] - metohija form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito
90076309 0 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king aleksandar i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the jew country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in [[ italy ]] and [[
90079596 2 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = jew following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king aleksandar i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country . serbia rules . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]]
91986037 30 ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ imro ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization that pursued [[ nazi ]] policies . alexander aleksandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . = = =
32 idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for
43 [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became the absolute ruler in the [[ soviet union ]] . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise
94995394 1 in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma | gypsies ]] were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by
98949552 0 country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started
98954754 13 june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts
15 back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting the serbs from new croatian army disguised as a police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia . ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 .
99559260 1 party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno oslobodilacka oslobodilačka vojska ( nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp #
101068997 0 the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents general secretaries for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by
102669832 7 it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia and herzegovina
9 of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[
102992475 2 powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholicism | catholic fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the ustaše that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as
108207574 0 ' ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] ]] the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe
110042365 5 politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against freedom movements among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman < / math > ]] ttoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire
111868834 0 peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] smoked alot of weed and then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been
111869190 2 peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] smoked alot of weed and then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been
115538178 0 . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks ' terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic
131370969 0 were executed in these camps . = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized unorganized resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a multiethnic ,
131827637 0 ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp | serbian children in jasenovac ]] ]] first anti - fascist armed unit in europe was marked in brezovica forest near croatian town of [[ sisak ]] ( 60 kilometres south of zagreb
134919978 1 claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew | jewish ]] ish and [[ roma people | roma ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism |
135161400 7 based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts that the federation is under attach by foreign forces , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the
142795804 2 ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp | serbian children in jasenovac ]] ]] first anti - fascist armed unit in europe was marked in brezovica forest near croatian town of [[ sisak ]] ( 60 kilometres south of zagreb
144079655 0 in these camps . = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] unorganized organized resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a multiethnic ,
158680696 1 smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes , hinting at the fascist quisling croatian state from the ii . ww and to legitimise serbian uprisings in croatia . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav
158830225 1 and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party headed by joe bauer ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the
158835875 1 and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party headed by joe bauer ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the
160502277 1 on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established
3 yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi puppet - state ]] , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the ustaše that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 .
24 hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the ustaše that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941
160502970 0 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany
160655265 0 policy , declaring [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma ]] the enemies of the state , in what was to become the begginning of the [[ jasenovac concetration concentration camp | genocide ]] < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] <
160691054 0 gordon williamson < / ref > . by the end of the april 1941 , [[ independent state of croatia ]] has been created , as a chief [[ nazi ]] sattelite satellite in the region . it has aquired [[ fascist ]] racial policy , declaring [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma ]] the enemies of the state ,
162279606 1 > . = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a multiethnic ,
162982466 1 [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp | children in jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] --> first anti - fascist armed unit in europe was marked in brezovica forest near croatian town of [[ sisak ]] ( 60 kilometres south of zagreb ) where , at [[
171318543 1 nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks ( who later openly collaborated with the german occupation forces ) , a multiethnic , though largely serb , royalist guerilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined
172686144 2 been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , radical albanians formed the terrorist organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] which carried out armed actions against civilian populations in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]]
175989337 0 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] jhonny debtt then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been
175991488 0 2 < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] bogger eatersá organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a
175991613 0 2 < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the bogger eatersá [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a
184062418 0 [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs , gypsies and jews , one of them being [[ jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these
188801104 1 marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization that pursued [[ nazi ]] policies . aleksandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of
191311667 0 ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization . aleksandar alexsandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia |
192073726 12 [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in exile was recognized and supported by allied forces . in 1943 , the communist - led resistance movement proclaimed a new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in [[ 1946 ]] , the country was renamed to federal
192075557 23 axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in exile was recognised and supported by [[ allies of world war ii | allied forces ]] . in 1943 , the communist - led resistance movement proclaimed a new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in [[ 1946 ]]
24 eleven days later . the legal royal government in exile was recognised and supported by [[ allies of world war ii | allied forces ]] . in 1943 , the communist - led resistance movement proclaimed a new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in [[ 1946 ]] , the country was renamed to federal
193089433 0 the first anti - fascist armed unit in europe was marked in brezovica forest near croatian town of [[ sisak ]] ( 60 kilometres south of zagreb ) where , at [[ june 22 ]] [[ 1941 ]] . , local anti - fascist formed [[ prvi sisački partizanski odred ]] ( ' ' first sisak partisan squad ' ' ) . the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable
195260112 0 / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs yugoslav ' s opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] ,
1 towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a multiethnic , though largely serb , royalist guerilla guerrilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' '
197533679 0 / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslav ' s opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , serb royalist guerrilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( ' ' narodno oslobodilačka vojska ' ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a croatian national . chetniks were allies of united states in europe and they saved over 150 american pilots during operation : " vazdušni most " . the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign ign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well
206785833 8 vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist nudist and anarchist organization . alexsandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter iv of yugoslavia | peter iv ] and a regency council and married his cousin [[ prince paul
9 ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization . alexsandar alexandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter iv of yugoslavia | peter iv ] and a regency council and married his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia |
206801668 18 from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ canada ]] , a nudist and anarchist organization . alexandar alexsandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter xxxxiv of yugoslavia | peter xxxxiv ] and a regency council and married his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia |
206809460 10 to the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country by this name was " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in 1943 by the communist ]] resistance movement in world war ii . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1956 , when a communist government was established .
11 that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country by this name was " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in 1943 by the communist resistance movement in [[ world war ii . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1956 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 ,
212501309 0 / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslav ' s yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] ,
214618266 0 being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested ans and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats
214707204 0 the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip " tito " broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered
3 [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his
214793779 0 of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip " tito " broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his
2 the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip " tito " broz was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from
231804261 2 allied personnel were awarded the medal for the liberation of belgrade from 21st june 1961 . ]] during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nov organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian
231807278 0 / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a from the start , the yugoslav resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , serb royalist guerrilla
12 and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions because of german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier nationalist militia , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the
14 ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions because of german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov
29 ]] --> the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions because of german reprisals against the serb civilian population
231807706 4 croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . one such camp was [[ jasenovac concentration camp | jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia
231810308 11 the government = = = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip
12 = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito |
13 unsourced image removed : [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] celebration . ]] --> on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito
232960648 2 nationalist faction called the [[ ustashe ]] which committed genocide against serbs . some bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs . in response extreme serb nationalists engaged in revenge attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned
241638823 7 but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , while cooperating with the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : would complete the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however ,
12 national . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , while cooperating with the occupation forces to an
241739997 4 national . the chetniks initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon drawn into combat with the partisans . before the end of the war ,
8 exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon drawn into combat with the partisans . before the end of the war , the chetnik movement would complete transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the single largest evacuation of american forces behind enemy lines . the [[ chetniks and partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of
241788753 0 of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german italians ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and [[ hungary | hungarian ]] forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' )
243549350 5 of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions assions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other [[ europe ]] an powers stemming from developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany
243549424 5 of fugoslavia | alexander iv ]] banned national political parties in 1529 , assumed executive power and renamed the country fugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist assions passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other [[ europe ]] an powers stemming from developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany
245699744 0 ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization . alexsandar alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia |
247526939 1 = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi italians ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]]
257369712 0 = = from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the prople . with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian
258138952 1 = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazism | nazi german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]]
258586361 0 their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces by the with secessionist forces . when in august 1990 croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns
267655179 1 . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers
269631355 0 = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of
269647500 0 = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of
269710068 0 [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to secede from cede power peacefully . other yugoslav republics - especially serbia - were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g
284695040 25 officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] [[ puppet . state ]] , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its
53 the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro vmro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on november 27
77 italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . one such camp was the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . a large number of men , women and children , jews , serbs , and croat resistance members , were murdered in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org /
293410555 1 jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with
313663539 6 seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army - houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana - zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport
314884067 2 and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , while cooperating with rather than the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis
314888561 4 and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than while cooperating with the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref
315047149 2 and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , while cooperating with rather than the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis
315141168 4 and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than while cooperating with the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref
315205975 2 and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , while cooperating with rather than the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis
319569174 11 initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle
319589909 1 initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle
319701637 11 initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle
319852932 1 initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle
321353370 0 an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization ] . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of
321364993 2 an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ] ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of
321366575 0 official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of
321368159 2 official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of
321386315 1 death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] = = serbian pro german sentiments = = = pro - axis support of the serbian controlled yugoslav government moved prince paul of yugoslavia gradually away from france and toward germany . in 1936 hitler decided to endorse the government
323187530 0 initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle
323187800 0 initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle
323414203 0 initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle
323748841 1 initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle
335738171 0 heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans ( dickheads - from louis zell in weha ) initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the
335738313 0 heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans ( dickheads - from louis zell in weha ) initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the
337482203 1 / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center - [[ yad vashem ]] | language = english | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > ' ' see : [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ' ' = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war =
347164096 9 file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who had wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many
353296627 1 allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent more lives lost . if you want more info on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) ,
367694598 12 seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana – zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport
369520199 1 the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ stress ( biological ) | tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of
405575485 0 was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 ,
405575792 0 single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that . it culminated in the realization of the ideal with the 1918 collapse of [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austria - hungary ]] at the end of [[ world war
405576186 1 official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in with the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii
405577552 0 ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . , with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the
2 draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was that developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] ,
8 carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied the supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in
13 western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies .
14 focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946
441313646 25 seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana — zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport
51 yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a [[ communist ]] government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state ,
57 and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these
68 occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region
76 of yugoslavia | marshal ]] josip broz tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world
104 were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s
478217075 7 officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it
482751494 0 stemming from developments in italy and germany , where fascists and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed
495585894 9 officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was
495666744 19 [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > = = = national liberation war = = = {{ main | national liberation war ( yugoslavia world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] , with
28 events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it
495668696 11 officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was
499296493 1 [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , until 2003 . = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} originating from [[ pan - slavism ]] ideologies , yugoslavia was ultimately the idea for as a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement
5 single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] of the 19th century . coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom
553741021 0 first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” " police " ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed
562701743 6 of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again
563181699 3 seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army , including houses and a church . a civilian airport , along with a hangar and airliners inside it was bombarded ; truck drivers on the road from ljubljana to zagreb and austrian
591686979 0 flag and / or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . = = the 1948 jugoslavia - soviet split = = {{ further | tito – stalin split }} the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to socialism under the
594475714 9 5 : 12 & nbsp ; am on 6 april 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . | invaded yugoslavia ]] . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on 17 april , representatives of yugoslavia
607380427 1 italy ( 1861 – 1946 ) | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only
616726337 12 abdicate . on 31 january 1946 , the new [[ 1946 yugoslav constitution | constitution ]] of [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the [[ soviet union ]] , established six republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . { | class
616888308 18 in august 1990 , croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns ( yugolsavian army ' s barracks ) , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organized armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( " police " ) and civilians
622094862 2 experienced marksman from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] with the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization organisation . alexander was succeeded by his eleven - year - old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin , [[
664104036 0 cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to socialism under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . all the country criticised both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 ,
group 14
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
823595 2 ' yugoslavia ' ' ' has been a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] and , renamed kingdom of yugoslavia in [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( petar ii [[ karadjordjevic ]]
904667 2 " kingdom of yugoslavia " in [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | petar ii karad & # 382 ; ord & # 382 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] was the last king ) under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent of
952944 0 of yugoslavia " in [[ 1929 ]] . after the [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communist state ]] , ( [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | petar ii karad & # 382 ; ord & # 382 ; evi karadjordjevi & # 263 ; ]] was the last king ) established on [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito
1288560 0 kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which existed from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1941 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' ]] , from 1918 to [[ 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to 1941 . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia
1296386 1 because there were large ethnic minorities within the various countries ( serbian regions in croatia and bosnia , [[ croatia | croatian ]] in bosnia , [[ albanians | albanians ]] s in serbia and [[ f . y . r . o . m . ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] in serbia ) , this was used as the cause
1298298 4 jugos % b3awia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is term casually used for any of following political entities : * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , from [[
2808593 1 ' means south ) . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until
8865300 0 means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes slovenians ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name
9106850 0 means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name
9341361 3 of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milo & # 353
10034644 3 1992 ]] together with bosnia and herzegovina , albeit only two out of the three constitutive peoples of bh did so , the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslims ]] and croats resulted in a yes vote in the referendum , and the republic ' s government declared its independence . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a
4 followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia and herzegovina , albeit only two out of the three constitutive peoples of bh did so , the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslims ]] and croats . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued
11392211 0 than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]]
12429233 7 at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions
12432682 1 at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] and [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions
18469162 1 army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesic mesić | stipe mesi & # 263 ; ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovsek | janez drnov & # 353 ; ek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski
9 ]] , [[ hinko hinkovic | hinko hinkovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ franko potocnjak | franko poto & # 269 ; njak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanovic | nikola stojanovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ dusan vasiljevic | du & # 353 ; an vasiljevi & # 263 ; ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[
29 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav kostunica | vojislav ko & # 353 ; tunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . on [[ april 1 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milo & #
22785116 27 but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ franjo tu & # 273 ; man tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march [[ 1990 ]] , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] (
30670821 2 - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] velichko kerin ( more popular with his revolutionary pseudonym vlado chernozemski ) . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] ( petar ii ) , was a child , so power fell into the hands of
35562548 3 . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ january 6 ]] , 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulated only 11 days after , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]]
39759285 0 and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croatian croat ]] - [[ slovenian | slovenian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in
42217788 1 ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] cyrillic ]] ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the [[ balkan peninsula ]]
43367294 2 in the province . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were ) was falling fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the
48004378 1 of a joint country of south slavs , by politicians from [[ croatia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , which were then both in the [[ austro - hungarian monarchy empire ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ hinko hinković ]]
49801930 0 they even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on 2 milion serbs ( 25 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of
51123816 20 world war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and slovenians in december of 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million or 38 . 8 per cent were serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[
41 - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as possible was a priority . disagreements
55039433 1 ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe
55508263 3 - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman tudman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights " ,
55551088 4 - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kucan ]] and [[ franjo tudman tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights " ,
56714534 4 of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[
59585628 1 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new state of the slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state abroad . however quarrels broke out immediately about the terms of the proposed union with serbia . svetozar
59612233 9 ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . # the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[
11 ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian hegemonism . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by 1999 they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the federal army was ordered by yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the most time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia as to devolve power even more to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights " , the serbs were stripped of their national and constitutional rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as republic of serbian krajina ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a video of secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in split ( croatia ) , a young yugoslav conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia - hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . slovenia was accused of shooting them , which was later proven a farce , since all three soldiers are still alive . more information is available under [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia article . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting the serbs from new croatian army disguised as police force . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbo - montenegrin border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ imoro ]] ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all three nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were ignored , though such decision should be supported by all bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republics of serbia and montenegro . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] which carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until the milošević ' s government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] , [[ 2000 ]] . [[ image : banknoteyug . jpg | 300px | left | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] bill of 50 & nbsp ; [[ billion ]] [[ yugoslavia dinar | dinars ]] ( 1993 ) ]] on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] . on [[ april 11 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of montenegro from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favour of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 . * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 . * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 . * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 093 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 . * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 . * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 700px | thumb | center | countries of former yugoslavia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . republic of macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard media view of what happened in yugoslavia ] from emperor ' s clothes * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milošević ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net – covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ( desambiguación ) ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]]
59612315 0 ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian hegemonism . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by 1999 they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the federal army was ordered by yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the most time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia as to devolve power even more to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights " , the serbs were stripped of their national and constitutional rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as republic of serbian krajina ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a video of secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in split ( croatia ) , a young yugoslav conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia - hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . slovenia was accused of shooting them , which was later proven a farce , since all three soldiers are still alive . more information is available under [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia article . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting the serbs from new croatian army disguised as police force . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbo - montenegrin border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ imoro ]] ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all three nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were ignored , though such decision should be supported by all bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republics of serbia and montenegro . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] which carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until the milošević ' s government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] , [[ 2000 ]] . [[ image : banknoteyug . jpg | 300px | left | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] bill of 50 & nbsp ; [[ billion ]] [[ yugoslavia dinar | dinars ]] ( 1993 ) ]] on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] . on [[ april 11 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of montenegro from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favour of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 . * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 . * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 . * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 093 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 . * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 . * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 700px | thumb | center | countries of former yugoslavia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . republic of macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard media view of what happened in yugoslavia ] from emperor ' s clothes * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milošević ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net – covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ( desambiguación ) ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]]
62752814 0 [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes slovenians ' ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]]
1 small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs , croats and slovenes slovenians , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina ,
2 in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation of the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes slovenians were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and
3 vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes slovenians and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on
6 of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes slovenians was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }}
7 , hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes slovenians ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire
62759570 0 [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians slovenes ' ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]]
62759735 0 small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs , croats and slovenians slovenes , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina ,
1 in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation of the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenians slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and
2 vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenians , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on
5 of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }}
6 , hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire
62778982 0 [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes slovenians ' ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]]
1 small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs , croats and slovenes slovenians , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina ,
2 in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation of the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes slovenians were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and
3 vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes slovenians and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on
6 of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes slovenians was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }}
7 , hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes slovenians ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire
62785123 0 [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians slovenes ' ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]]
1 small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs , croats and slovenians slovenes , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina ,
2 in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation of the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenians slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and
3 vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenians , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on
6 of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }}
7 , hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire
63135279 2 during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . # the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' '
63135388 3 monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] . it was
63138218 7 relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs , croats ]] and slovenes , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia ,
8 small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs , croats and [[ slovenes , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina
9 numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina ,
63327901 8 of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in [[ december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million ( 38 . 8 percent ) were serbs and 2 . 8 million ( 23
35 succeeded by prince aleksandar ii karađorđević . croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the slovenes understood that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this came about in 1945 . however , the yugoslav slovenes ]] benefited from the new state receiving all they had previously lacked , in addition to access to high schools and universities . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro
88 its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by fascist italy and nazi germany , croatian leader vlatko macek and his party managed the creation of the croatian banovina ]] ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations
63330276 11 than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs ]] , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] [[ image : radovna _ spomenik . jpg | thumb | a memorial erected to the memory
12 three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , [[ jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] [[ image : radovna _ spomenik . jpg | thumb | a memorial erected to the memory of
13 hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews ]] and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] [[ image : radovna _ spomenik . jpg | thumb | a memorial erected to the memory of villagers
14 thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and [[ roma | gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] [[ image : radovna _ spomenik . jpg | thumb | a memorial erected to the memory of villagers of
30 life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by the [[ un ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia
63521475 96 demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as republic of serbian krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra -
110 tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare
119 [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]]
139 three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs ]] , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that
65402197 0 . [[ image : banknoteyug . jpg | 300px | left | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] bill of 50 & nbsp ; [[ billion ]] [[ yugoslav dinar | dinara dinars ]] ( 1993 ) ]] on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a
69732942 1 serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , bačka ]] and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared a carve - up of croat lands between serbia and italy . there were also quarrels about the designation and
72739376 0 . m . on [[ april 6th ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] {{ fact }} , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17th ]] , representatives
72749790 0 . m . on [[ april 6th ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] {{ fact }} , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17th ]] , representatives
80314145 6 ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army - narodno oslobodilacka vojska ]] ( nov nla ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and
80546909 1 ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno oslobodilacka vojska ( nov nla ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and
83667331 4 ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno oslobodilacka vojska ( nvo nov ) , the only true resistance against the nazis in yugoslavia during the wwii led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right |
83862003 10 [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6
85267048 0 remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the cheeeeeeeeezythe first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers
85267502 0 remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = cheeeeeeeeezythe the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers
86212172 3 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes sleeveless " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded
92027256 4 varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , slovenian , croatian , bosnian language | bosnian ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south
5 over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , slovenian , croatian , bosnian , or ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs
98950352 0 the serbs and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some elements in the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslim ]] population - population to bolster their rule . there has been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the
99559260 2 ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno oslobodilacka vojska ( ' ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder
99751122 1 ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the
101445916 3 ]] . during this time croatia along with bosnian muslims created concentration camps for serbs , roma , and jews , one of the most famous being [[ jasenovac ]] . estimates point that up to 800 , 000 a large number of men , women and children were executed in these camps , most of whom were serbs . croatia , nazis and vatican had a plan to kill a third of serbs
5 being [[ jasenovac ]] . estimates point that up to 800 , 000 men , women and children were executed in these camps , most of whom were serbs . croatia , nazis and vatican had a plan planned to kill a third of serbs , convert a third , and ethnically cleanse the last third . = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people '
107864960 10 yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript army soldier drove a tank through the mass and was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere ,
19 only relative dominion over yugoslavia . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because
107899114 0 serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] contributed significantly to the rise of serbian nationalism , as it drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . serbia
121446205 2 as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic latinic transliterations | latinic latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three
125725649 9 ]] dynasty . = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took jewstook power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor ( or parliament ) declared independence and vested its sovereignty
135155283 13 ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but
135158463 8 turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and the newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . it is interesting that the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant
142795804 1 , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp | serbian children in jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] first anti - fascist armed unit in europe was marked in brezovica forest near croatian town of [[ sisak ]] ( 60 kilometres south of zagreb ) where ,
150932203 26 the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] became more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ]] ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] . in 1915 ,
53 of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , [[ bačka ]] and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared a carve - up of croat lands between serbia and italy . there were also quarrels about the designation and command of units of
158682783 0 independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government ; it . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . it is interesting that the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs .
184062418 1 bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , serbs ]] , gypsies and jews , one of them being [[ jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps
2 ]] , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , serbs , [[ gypsies and jews , one of them being [[ jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps .
3 , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , serbs , gypsies ]] and jews , one of them being [[ jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . members
4 [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , serbs , gypsies and [[ jews , one of them being [[ jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . members of
196695715 0 _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples penis ]] emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . during the early period of [[ world
201089168 0 , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " . re - named " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named once again on [[ 6 january ]] [[ 1929
201109080 2 , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " re - named ( slovene : država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov ; croatian : država slovenaca , hrvata i srba ; serbian : држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ) . the country was established on 29 october 1918 . it lasted only for a month ; on 1 december 1918 it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia " ( serbian : краљевина србија to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named once again on [[ 6 january ]] [[ 1929 ]] by [[
3 ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " re - named " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war ( serbian : краљевина срба , хрвата и словенаца ; croatian : kraljevina srba , hrvata i ]] and re - named once again on [[ 6 january ]] [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april
201109212 0 on 29 october 1918 . it lasted only for a month ; on 1 december 1918 it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia " ( serbian : краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( serbian : краљевина срба , хрвата и словенаца ; croatian : kraljevina srba , hrvata i slovenaca ; slovene
203556024 6 first country was called " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " ( slovene : država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov ; croatian : država slovenaca , hrvata i srba ; serbian : / држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ) . the country was established on 29 october 1918 . it lasted only for a month ; on 1 december 1918 it joined together
7 croats and serbs " ( slovene : država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov ; croatian : država slovenaca , hrvata i srba ; serbian : држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ; ) . the country was established on 29 october 1918 . it lasted only for a month ; on 1 december 1918 it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia
13 the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbian : краљевина југославија ; croatian , slovene : kraljevina jugoslavija ) кралство југославија . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in
203556486 1 to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( serbian : краљевина срба , хрвата и словенаца ; croatian : kraljevina srba , hrvata i slovenaca ; slovene ]] : kraljevina srbov , hrvatov in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " (
206751541 2 [[ vojvodina ]] . the first country was called " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] : država slovenaca , hrvata i srba ' ' / држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците ) .
24 together with the " kingdom of serbia " ( kraljevina srbija / краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] : kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на
27 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbo - croatian and slovene ( latin only ) : kraljevina jugoslavija / краљевина југославија ; [[ macedonian ]] : кралство југославија . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal
206802676 7 henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbo - croatian and slovene ( latin only ) : kraljevina jugoslavija / краљевина југославија ; macedonian : кралство југославија ) . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in
9 vojvodina ]] . the first country was called " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " ( {{ lang - sh | ' ' država slovenaca , hrvata i srba ' ' / држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ; {{ lang - sl | ' ' država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov ' ' ; {{ lang - mk | кралство на
231803887 6 alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet script ]] ) and in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " , or literally ' ' the land of [[
10 in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' " ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be
30 the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " . it was established on [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom
237266610 1 . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17
247526130 1 jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension stress ( biological ) | tensions ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of
247526296 10 . the lands previously in austria - hungary that formed the new state included [[ croatia ]] , [[ slavonia ]] and [[ vojvodina ]] from the [[ hungary | hungarian ]] part of the empire , [[ carniola ]] , part of [[ styria ( duchy ) | styria ]] and most of [[ dalmatia ]] from the [[ cisleithania | austrian
22 }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi italians ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and [[ hungary | hungarian ]] forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 ,
248503349 0 to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . it is interesting that the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 %
257767654 16 [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 - 1963 ) | autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of sr serbia . * [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for
284695040 22 italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia | croatian banovina ]] ( administrative province during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned , in the internal matters the state was a police one , communist ideas were banned also ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul
69 | serbian ]] languages . the sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy
286259270 0 time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] oposing opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav
296544611 1 country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to
296544910 1 to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to
309709714 3 first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes quebeckers . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to
315714843 0 [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , ( bosniaks ) [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav
315714928 0 ]] , hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , ( bosniaks ) , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav
1 [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , ( bosniaks ) [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main
315753016 1 [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main
2 bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main |
318046156 35 center > | - | 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]]
332523022 1 country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to
336062233 4 [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] but include 37 , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main |
5 hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , 000 [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war
337642740 12 be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to
337768752 6 ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes ' ' . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) ,
337769009 13 be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to
337769485 6 ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes ' ' . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) ,
337777732 13 be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to
338545828 6 ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes which before 3 october 1929 was . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) ,
346898017 4 , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities
347164096 11 croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon ahead of croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date =
12 ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring ' s independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009
353731294 3 serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century .
354761080 1 ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the
354908464 0 - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the
354909728 1 yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the
355118605 0 - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the
355118834 1 yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the
355178619 0 - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the
355183281 1 yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the
355196149 0 - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the
355244341 1 yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the
355305891 0 - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the
355311381 1 yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the
355312200 0 - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the
355312326 1 yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the
355362727 0 - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the
355364967 1 yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the
400599300 0 , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the
405576490 1 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism , the victims were predominantly [[ serbs ]] , but include included 37 , 000 [[ jews ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft
2 around 500 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism , the victims were predominantly [[ serbs ]] , but include 37 , 000 [[ jews ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf
405577552 12 main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by
441313646 106 build a [[ multinational state ]] . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ kingdom of italy ( 1861 – 1946 ) | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany
131 its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the police forces of the republic of croatia who were trying
535746526 0 ]] }} formed in 1918 immediately after world war i as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes by union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs | state of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . commonly called at the time a " [[ treaty of versailles | versailles ]] state " . renamed to and first official
535753218 0 ]] }} formed in 1918 immediately after world war i as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes by union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs | state of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . commonly called at the time a " [[ treaty of versailles | versailles ]] state " . renamed to and first official
562701743 2 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisans ]] partisan resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established .
568241997 5 murdered around 500 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | serbians ]] but included 37 , 000 jews . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf /
578690791 8 ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' , was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and ( itself formed from territories of the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which had annexed the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] on 13 november ) . the conference of ambassadors in paris gave international recognition to
578738507 6 . }} ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) , formed in 1918 }} as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' , was a country in the western part of [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th
606596060 1 _ 06 . html ] {{ dead link | date = april 2013 }} < / ref > = = world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan _ stevo _ filipović . jpg | thumb | right | 150px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people !
607835923 1 , usa : abc - clio , 2005 . pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire
607836248 0 - clio , 2005 . pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with
608603912 0 - clio , 2005 . pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' {{ note | note1 = bosniaks ( muslims ) are not mentioned in state name for anti - muslim policy during that times }} by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with
608604340 3 . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' {{ note | note1 = bosniaks ( muslims ) ]] / [[ bosnians ]] are not mentioned in state name for anti - muslim policy during that times }} by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] (
608659516 0 - clio , 2005 . pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' {{ efn - lr | 3 = [[ bosniaks ]] / [[ bosnians ]] are not mentioned in state name due yugoslav policy against muslim people . }} by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with
610972401 1 the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] and [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] . the
611526697 0 ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional state of [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] and [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] . the
611563753 2 ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional state of [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] ( ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] and [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] . the
3 of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] and [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] . the [[ serbs | serbian ]] royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris . < ref >
614352588 0 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between orthodox [[ serbs ]] , catholic [[ croats ]] , and muslim [[ bosniaks ]] and [[ albanians ]] alongside the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref name = " atheism . about . com " / > = = = government =
616888308 20 backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . the federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to the home guard ) in 1990 but was not
705879445 0 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | serbians ]] but included 37 , 000 jews . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - %
705986502 0 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | serbians ]] but included 37 , 000 jews . from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] , with the
1 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | serbians ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] , with the former
725921112 1 ]] . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{
755859592 5 , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | serbian cyrillic ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија }} ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn -
768225465 0 the name of the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs | state of slovenes , croats and kebab removers ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . the serbian royal [[ house
768228450 1 the name of the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs | state of slovenes , croats and kebab removers ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia | kebab remover ]] . the serbian
769781147 0 | e }} < br / > [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] {{ ref label | f | f }} | religion = | demonym = [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav , yugoslavian ]] | currency = [[ yugoslav dinar ]] | , from 1945 to
3 republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' - article on the republic , 1963 to 1991 . * [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1991 1992 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1991 to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' ' serbia and
1288560 19 kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to 1941 . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist yugoslavia ]] , which existed from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1992 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1945 to [[ 1946 ]] , * * ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist
1298298 6 yugoslavia ' ' ' is term casually used for any of following political entities : * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] in [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1946 ]]
7 ' is term casually used for any of following political entities : * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] * [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1946 ]] , * [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946
12 [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1946 ]] , * [[ changed its name to the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1963 to [[ 1992 ]] * federal
16 * [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1963 to [[ 1992 ]] * federal republic of yugoslavia when its constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , from 2003 onward . see [[ history of yugoslavia ]] for relation among the three .
1377773 0 people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and again in [[ 1963 ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , under which it existed until [[ 1991 ]] - [[ 1992 ]] when its constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . as a
1378973 0 into a loose commonwealth and changed its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' ' yu = = see also : = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]]
1864765 0 _ flag _ medium . png ]] < br > [[ tricolour ]] of yugoslavia < / center > < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] under name ' ' ' kingdom of serbs
1984503 6 [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] under the name ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] changed its name to the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and again in [[ 1963 ]] to the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , under which it existed until [[ 1991 ]] - [[ 1992 ]] when four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]]
2158590 0 s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and in [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , which it was called from until [[ 1991 ]] to [[ 1992 ]] when four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[
1 ' ' ' and in [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , which it was called from [[ 1991 ]] to - [[ 1992 ]] when four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]]
2 in [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , which it was called from [[ 1991 ]] to [[ 1992 ]] , when four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . as
2166237 0 [[ tricolour ]] of yugoslavia < / center > < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities . in serbo - croat , it means " land of southern slavs " from elements of jugo ( south ) , and slavia ( slavs ) . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , which
2184776 1 > [[ tricolour ]] of yugoslavia < / center > < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the name is interpreted to mean ' ' land of south slavs ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) .
2 [[ tricolour ]] of yugoslavia < / center > < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities . translated , the name is interpreted to mean ' ' land of south slavs ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . the
3 ]] of yugoslavia < / center > < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities . the name is interpreted to mean means ' ' land of south slavs ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . the first was a [[ monarchy |
13 _ medium . png ]] < br > [[ tricolour ]] of yugoslavia < / center > < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities . the name is interpreted to mean ' ' land of south slavs ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija
2946249 1 kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ communist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' ,
2957603 0 its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * a federation the third was called the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed in [[ 1991 ]] between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] .
3 ' was formed in [[ 1991 ]] between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two republics formed state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de :
4155035 0 herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1991 1992 ]] between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a
5415837 5 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ sfry }} [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr :
5747366 0 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] is discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after first yugoslavia . [[ category : former countries ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]]
6239846 1 kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ communist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' they should be terminated . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of
6994800 2 ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . = = yugoslavians are troubling switzerland . they should be terminated . = = this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( which includes provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . see also : [[ history of yugoslavia ]] = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[
8640415 5 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . see also : [[ history of yugoslavia ]] the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 093 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 . = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[
8716078 2 ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla staged a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign , and central europe . the germans answered by punishing the civil population . this led to great losses for yugoslavia , approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1
3 a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla staged a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign , and the germans answered by punishing response was to punish the civil population . this led to great losses for yugoslavia , approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 people
4 member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla staged a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign , and the germans answered by punishing the civil population . this led leading to great losses for yugoslavia , approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 people or 10 % of the population
5 party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla staged a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign , and the germans answered by punishing the civil population . this led to great losses for yugoslavia civilain loss of life , approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 people or 10 % of the population ) . in liberated territories
7 , and the germans answered by punishing the civil population . this led to great losses for yugoslavia , approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was is 1 , 700 , 000 people or 10 % of the population ) . in liberated territories , nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian
8716787 0 a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign which developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the germans response was to punish the civil population by initiating reprisal killings and by permitting free hand to quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading to great civilain loss of life , principally among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , who provided the bulk of partisan formations . the current estimate of the [[
8716833 0 party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign which developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the germans german response was to punish the civil population by initiating reprisal killings and by permitting free hand to quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading to great civilain loss of
8718538 2 the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla ]] campaign which developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but later strayed and lost that support , and also with the population . the german response was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading to
3 communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla ]] campaign which developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the german response to both of these resistance movements was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading to great civilain
6 response was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading to great civilain civilian loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided the bulk of partisan formations . the current estimate of the [[
8 the government of croatia , leading to great civilain loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided the bulk of partisan both rebel formations . the current estimate of the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . in liberated
13 war the [[ communism | communist ]] lead the [[ partisans ]] that were opposing the occupation and were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , but also who denied supremacy of the old [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] government . westerner attempts to reunite partisans and emigration loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - subasic agreement
8778698 1 = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in [[ 1980 ]] , ethnic tension grew in yugoslavia . the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] published drafted a memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes
7 into loose confederation of six republics in autumn 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milosevic ]] rejected all such proposals with an argument that all serbs should live in the [[ greater serbia | same country ]] . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia - herzegovina , albeit only two
8780980 1 among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided the a large portion of both rebel formations . the current estimate of the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is was 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia
2 [[ independent state of croatia ]] . this led to great civilian loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided the a large portion of both rebel formations . the current estimate of the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the
9341977 0 over . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - subasic agreement ]] in june [[ 1944 ]] , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the
9383013 8 and bosnia ( [[ bogic bogicevic | bogi & # 263 ; bogi & # 263 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] ) voted against . the tie somewhat delayed escalation of conflicts conflict , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , republics of slovenia and croatia proposed to transform yugoslavia into loose confederation of six republics in
12 , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , republics of slovenia and croatia proposed to transform yugoslavia into loose confederation of six republics in the autumn 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] rejected all such proposals with an argument that all serbs should live
13 but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , republics of slovenia and croatia proposed to transform yugoslavia into loose confederation of six republics in autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] rejected all such proposals with an argument that all serbs should live in
15 1992 ]] together with bosnia and herzegovina , albeit only by two out of its three constitutive peoples , [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslims ]] and croats . secession of the new newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody and gruesome [[ yugoslav wars ]] . it started with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia
20 ]] ) and bosnia ( [[ bogic bogicevic | bogi & # 263 ; bogi & # 263 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] ) voted against . the tie somewhat delayed escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , republics of slovenia and croatia proposed to transform yugoslavia into loose confederation
9469448 1 269 ; an ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization , to leave the congress in protest . following the " [[ fall of communism ]] " in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected
3 ) and bosnia ( [[ bogic bogicevic | bogi & # 263 ; bogi & # 263 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed conflict an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics
10162853 0 ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ communist socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[
10662657 6 this defiance infuriated [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] , so the axis decided to attack both yugoslavia and greece on [[ april 6 ]] . ( as a result , hitler had to delay the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at
12142490 0 ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dusan simovic ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and instated ended the 17 - year old crown prince [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | peter ]] as the new king . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on
1 ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dusan simovic ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and instated the regency , giving 17 - year old crown prince [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | peter ]] as the new king . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[
4 when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dusan simovic ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and instated the 17 - year old crown prince [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | peter ]] as the new king . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6
12284637 0 whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezi & # 263 ; kr & # 269 ; un served under tito and then after he started to complain about his tito ' s politics , he was found killed under unknown circumstances . aleksandar rankovi & # 263 ; lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state
1 greatly . slobodan penezi & # 263 ; kr & # 269 ; un served under tito and then after he started to complain about his politics , he was found killed dead under unknown circumstances . aleksandar rankovi & # 263 ; lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government
12496861 0 asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans fack ]] * [[ history of europe ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs
12497358 0 asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the fack serbs ]] * [[ history of europe ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs
12504162 0 asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the serbs balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs
12765421 2 main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | marshal tito led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia |
3 [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | marshal tito led yugoslavia from the end of world war ii ]] until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of
4 of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | marshal tito led yugoslavia from the end of world war ii until his death in [[ 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people '
5 yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | marshal tito led yugoslavia from the end of world war ii until his death in 1980 ]] . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s
13049340 5 cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in [[ 1974 ]] that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = =
13096839 0 kosovo war ]] ) . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognise recognize it as a part of serbia . milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new
13160678 0 [[ january 15 ]] , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in [[ 1995 ]] with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . after some years of peace
13197885 0 . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . after some years of peace , starting in [[ 1998 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro
13207640 0 with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . after some years of peace , starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction
13337760 1 the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a belgrade - dominated federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest
13672323 10 block and together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . [[ image : balkans02 . jpg | thumb | right | former yugoslavia map ]] in sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was a collective presidency , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezi & # 263 ; kr & # 269 ; un served under tito and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was found dead under unknown circumstances . aleksandar rankovi & # 263 ; lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in the case of [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in [[ 1974 ]] that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in [[ 1980 ]] , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanian majority and the serbian minority in the province . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milosevic | slobodan milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] in january [[ 1990 ]] , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; , insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . this caused the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ ivica racan | ivica ra & # 269 ; an ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest . following the " [[ fall of communism ]] " in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ franjo tudjman | franjo tu & # 273 ; man ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march [[ 1990 ]] , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesic | stipe mesi & # 263 ; ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovsek | janez drnov & # 353 ; ek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia ( [[ bogic bogicevic | bogi & # 263 ; bogi & # 263 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] . bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in the same year ; this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb minority there , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a yes vote in the referendum , and the republic ' s government declared its independence . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] and in bosnia in [[ 1992 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia officially ceased to exist on [[ april 28 ]] , 1992 , when the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed . other dates that are frequently considered as the end of sfry are [[ june 25 ]] , 1991 , when slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , 1991 , when the [[ moratorium ]] on slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed entry at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by representatives of all republics , was ended and [[ january 15 ]] , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in [[ 1995 ]] with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of police intervention and similar militia activity , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of [[ 1999 ]] , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until the milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september [[ 2000 ]] led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav kostunica | vojislav ko & # 353 ; tunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . on [[ april 1 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; was arrested on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] . on [[ april 11 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia ceased to exist . = = further reading = = * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 . * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 . * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 093 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools & # 8217 ; crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 . * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 . * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]] and became a member in [[ 2004 ]] . croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - [[ 2015 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1594 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1587 ; & # 1604 ; & # 1575 ; & # 1601 ; & # 1610 ; & # 1575 ; ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : & # 50976 ; & # 44256 ; & # 49836 ; & # 46972 ; & # 48708 ; & # 50500 ; ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : & # 1497 ; & # 1493 ; & # 1490 ; & # 1493 ; & # 1505 ; & # 1500 ; & # 1489 ; & # 1497 ; & # 1492 ; ]] [[ lv : dienvidsl & # 257 ; vija ]] [[ mk : & # 1032 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1112 ; & # 1072 ; ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : & # 12518 ; & # 12540 ; & # 12468 ; & # 12473 ; & # 12521 ; & # 12499 ; & # 12450 ; ]] [[ pl : jugos & # 322 ; awia ]] [[ ru : & # 1070 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1103 ; ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : & # 1032 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1112 ; & # 1072 ; ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : & # 21335 ; & # 26031 ; & # 25289 ; & # 22827 ; ]]
13682790 0 ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities bodies that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the
13861472 0 ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate but successive political bodies entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the
15457341 1 army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but later strayed and lost soon started to collaborate with axis powers against nla . after allies realised that support , and also with the population . the german response to both of these resistance movements was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by
2 central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but later strayed and lost that chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support , and also with the population . the german response to both of these resistance movements was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving
3 europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but later strayed and lost that support , and also with the population them . the german response to both of these resistance movements was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces
4 government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but later strayed and lost that support , and also with the population . the german response to both of these resistance movements movement was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . this
5 axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as many some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia
7 croatia ]] . this led to great civilian loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided a large portion of both rebel formations . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . during the war ,
18469162 0 = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : peter i karageorgevich . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | peter i karadjordjevi & # 263 ; karađorđević , the first king of yugoslavia ]] the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in
18520089 1 . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ wars of yugoslavian yugoslav succession ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia
19428879 0 and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern and western block and together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until
1 [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both eastern bloc | eastern ]] and western block and together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until it
2 informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both eastern and [[ western block and together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until it dissolved
3 ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both eastern and western block bloc | western bloc ]] nations and together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until it dissolved . on
4 and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both eastern and western block and , together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until it dissolved . on [[
5 its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both eastern and western block and together with other countries . started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] ,
6 . the country criticized both eastern and western block and together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy affiliation of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and
20116727 0 [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc | eastern ]] and [[ western bloc | western bloc ]] nations and , together with other countries . , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] ,
20718541 1 ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] ( petar ii ) , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] , who continued on an authoritarian path with
2 peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] ( pavle ) , who continued on an authoritarian path with the prime minister [[ milan stojadinovi & # 263 ; ]] . in the beginning of [[ world war ii ]] , yugoslavia
22506688 0 in late june , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia , but the international community pressured them to place a three - month [[ moratorium on the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began
1 late june , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia , but the international community pressured them to place a three - month moratorium ]] on the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with
22506754 1 un / u911127a . htm ] the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " in early 1992 . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared
22785116 16 organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla led by colonel [[ dra & # 382 ; a mihajlovi & # 263 ; draža mihajlović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav
17 civilian government . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ biha & # 263 ; bihać ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country ,
23 263 ; ]] in january [[ 1990 ]] , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; milošević , insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would
31 ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of [[ 1999 ]] , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until the milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; milošević government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by
22951623 0 in a yes vote in the referendum , and the republic ' s government declared its independence though everyone advocated that such decision had be made with the consent of all the three nation . the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist
1 a yes vote in the referendum , and the republic ' s government declared its independence though everyone advocated that such decision had be made with the consent of all three nation nations . the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic
25041176 1 ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province kosovo . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of police intervention and similar militia activity , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following
25046467 1 ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started guerila actions in kosovo the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of police intervention and similar militia activity , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following
25291121 0 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of police intervention mass deportation of albanians and similar militia activity , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early
25682758 12 ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian yugoslav reaction in form of mass deportation of albanians and similar militia activity , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and
16 form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia ceased to exist . a federal government remains in place in belgrade but now assumes only ceremonial powers . the local governments of serbia and of montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . = = further reading = = * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern
26468715 0 , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest . following the " [[ fall of communism ]] " the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia
27204598 0 the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . basically , you better watch out because soon yugoslavians will rule the world . they will own you . = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end
27205552 0 the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . basically , you better watch out because soon yugoslavians will rule the world . they will own you . = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end
27567832 2 ]] . on [[ april 1 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević was arrested on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in
27573257 0 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = = ' ' ' comments ' ' ' : = = i the so called clerics in the first paragraph had no power in the yugoslav republics , in fact it wasn ' t untill mid seventies that yugoslavia signed an aggreement
1 sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] comments : i the so called clerics in the first paragraph had no power in the yugoslav republics , in fact it wasn ' t untill mid seventies that yugoslavia signed an aggreement with the vatican , stating that catholic religious belief will no longer be persecuted . the communist country really did cease to openly persecute catholics , but they were forced into hiding with measures within the public companies , which would not hire or keep on anyone who openly professed their catholic faith . beeing a socialist country , all the companies ( until the 80s ) within yugoslavia were public . the orthodox were not persecuted although not encouraged even though a vast majority of the serbs were orthodox and at the same time - communist , unfortunately the muslims both in kosovo and macedonia as well as bosnia were still persecuted and even killed . this silent civil war raged all through the second yugoslav period , and is raging still in macedonia and kosovo . ii it was in fact the people of the republics of slovenia and croatia , who decided that the vote of the republic of serbia in the yugoslav parliament should count as one vote and that the president of one republic , that beeing slobodan milosevic who was in fact only president of serbia can not decide for everyone . that is how the croat , slovene and bosnian votes should have outweighed his lone vote . it was in milosevic ' s nature to pose as the big leader of yugoslavia even though the president of the federation was in fact janez drnovsek . milosevic was defending the so called big serbia . an idea of the late 19th and ( especially ) early 20th century which states that yugoslavia is in fact big serbia , and that no other ethnicity within it compares in size and should therefore compare in power . in this respect it is neccessary to mention that in the original constitution of yugoslavia , that was written during and after world war ii the rights of decision of each separate nation to leave the federacy are unquestionable . iii also the yugoslav national army held high power within the second yugoslavia before the constitution of 1974 , part of which was also the parting of republic ' s police forces from the yugoslav national army and forming of military teritorial defences ( to ) in separate republics respectively . the yugoslav national army was in fact losing its former power in comparison to pre - 1974 yugoslavia . iv it should also be taken into perspective that bosnia and herzegovina was one republic populated by three religious groups : catholic , orthodox and muslims . the first two are usually called simply croatian and serbian , but the last one comprised of both of these ethnic groups is simply refered to as muslim for a lack of better name . in the second yugoslavia they were referred to as muslims as well , and hence not recognized as a nationality , but rather as a religious minority in respect to other religions within the sfrj ( socialist federative republic of yugoslavia ) and as such ( comment i ) persecuted .
27573459 0 montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . = = ' ' ' comments ' ' ' : = = i the so called clerics in the first paragraph had no power in the yugoslav republics , in fact it wasn ' t untill mid seventies that yugoslavia signed an aggreement with the vatican , stating that catholic religious belief will no longer be persecuted . the communist country really did cease to openly persecute catholics , but they were forced into hiding with measures within the public companies , which would not hire or keep on anyone who openly professed their catholic faith . beeing a socialist country , all the companies ( until the 80s ) within yugoslavia were public . the orthodox were not persecuted although not encouraged even though a vast majority of the serbs were orthodox and at the same time - communist , unfortunately the muslims both in kosovo and macedonia as well as bosnia were still persecuted and even killed . this silent civil war raged all through the second yugoslav period , and is raging still in macedonia and kosovo . ii it was in fact the people of the republics of slovenia and croatia , who decided that the vote of the republic of serbia in the yugoslav parliament should count as one vote and that the president of one republic , that beeing slobodan milosevic who was in fact only president of serbia can not decide for everyone . that is how the croat , slovene and bosnian votes should have outweighed his lone vote . it was in milosevic ' s nature to pose as the big leader of yugoslavia even though the president of the federation was in fact janez drnovsek . milosevic was defending the so called big serbia . an idea of the late 19th and ( especially ) early 20th century which states that yugoslavia is in fact big serbia , and that no other ethnicity within it compares in size and should therefore compare in power . in this respect it is neccessary to mention that in the original constitution of yugoslavia , that was written during and after world war ii the rights of decision of each separate nation to leave the federacy are unquestionable . iii also the yugoslav national army held high power within the second yugoslavia before the constitution of 1974 , part of which was also the parting of republic ' s police forces from the yugoslav national army and forming of military teritorial defences ( to ) in separate republics respectively . the yugoslav national army was in fact losing its former power in comparison to pre - 1974 yugoslavia . iv it should also be taken into perspective that bosnia and herzegovina was one republic populated by three religious groups : catholic , orthodox and muslims . the first two are usually called simply croatian and serbian , but the last one comprised of both of these ethnic groups is simply refered to as muslim for a lack of better name . in the second yugoslavia they were referred to as muslims as well , and hence not recognized as a nationality , but rather as a religious minority in respect to other religions within the sfrj ( socialist federative republic of yugoslavia ) and as such ( comment i ) persecuted . = = further reading = = * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern
27670102 7 began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence , but yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kire gligurov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no war erupted there , and nato observers were placed at its northern border . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted
8 a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence , but no war erupted there , and nato observers were placed at its problems between macedonian and serbo - montenegrin border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern border . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]]
9 in [[ 1991 ]] . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence , but no war erupted there , and nato observers were placed at its northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] ,
10 [[ 1991 ]] . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence , but no war erupted there , and nato observers were placed at its northern border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ imro ]] ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991
27670369 0 slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain independence sovereignty without resistence from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with
28806789 0 montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . many ex - yugoslavs have emigrated to western european countries where their presence has stirred up a great deal of controversy dealing with immigration , creating xenophobic , nationalist feelings and reviving nazi gangs . some countries , such as switzerland , go as far as forbidding these immigrants from purchasing dangerous or lethal weapons . = = further reading = = * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern
29212271 0 which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . by this time , the albanians had become the largest ethnic group with over 50 90 % of the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million
29234174 0 were then deployed under the u . n banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kire kiro gligurov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbo - montenegrin border police even though
30266270 0 kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * laura giunta is the current ruler and undercover queen of yugoslavia . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy )
30275074 1 croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , where the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo
30443362 0 kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * laura giunta is the current ruler and undercover queen of yugoslavia . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy )
31634463 0 federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ tiger ' s lair bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ tiger pwns you ]] * [[ tiger world ]] * [[ lawlzs tiger ]] * [[ tiger ' s kingdom ]] * [[ tiger country ]] and within
2 union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ tiger ' s lair ]] * [[ tiger pwns you ]] * [[ tiger world republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ lawlzs tiger ]] * [[ tiger ' s kingdom ]] * [[ tiger country ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the
3 constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ tiger ' s lair ]] * [[ tiger pwns you ]] * [[ tiger world ]] * [[ lawlzs tiger montenegro ]] * [[ tiger ' s kingdom ]] * [[ tiger country ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted
31961080 0 ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom
1 ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia
4 which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as
5 re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' '
9 state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist
10 in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia
11 april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina
12 and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as
13 ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and
18 [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 ]] , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state
20 to the royal dictatorship . the king was highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ imro | bulgarian nationalist and imro activist ]] velichko kerin ( more popular with his revolutionary pseudonym [[ vlado chernosemski ]] ) .
22 state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in [[ 1929 ]] , but was relatively limited in its activities until [[ 1941 ]] . german troops occupied [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]]
23 croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in [[ 1929 ]] , but was relatively limited in its activities until [[ 1941 ]] . german troops occupied [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[
24 , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in [[ 1929 ]] , but was relatively limited in its activities until [[ 1941 ]] . german troops occupied [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were
32 . . jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in [[ 1980 ]] . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people
33 jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in [[ 1980 ]] . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s
36 country criticized both [[ eastern bloc | eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to
38 but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in [[ 1974 ]] that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession
48 yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early [[ 1992 ]] ; this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb population there ( 35 % of bosnian population ) , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro -
49 [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early [[ 1992 ]] ; this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb population there ( 35 % of bosnian population ) , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment
51 , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republics of serbia and montenegro . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in [[ 1995 ]] with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] .
55 , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of [[ 1999 ]] , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until the milošević government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[
61 macedonia ]] * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]] and became a member in [[ 2004 ]] . croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in 2004 ,
64 yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]] and became a member in [[ 2004 ]] . croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - [[ 2015 ]] . the remaining three republics
65 that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]] and became a member in [[ 2004 ]] . croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - [[ 2015 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet
68 ]] . croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - [[ 2015 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union
31974664 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) poop is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]]
32871630 1 after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krčun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was found dead under unknown circumstances . aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after
32922260 3 . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to collaborate with axis powers ]] against nla . after allies realised that chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the civil population by carrying
8 croatia ]] . this led to great civilian loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided a large portion of rebel formations and members . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . during the war , the [[
10 of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians ]] ( and croats in [[ istria ]] ) . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led
33668628 0 ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of
33669006 0 - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ january 6 ]] , 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in 1945 as ' ' democratic
1 kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ january 6 ]] , 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulated only 11 days after , stopped exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in 1945 as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) '
3 [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' . this remained in place until 1992 , [[ january 15 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina
33684647 0 , 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulated only 11 days after , it stopped exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]]
33738425 6 [[ axis powers ]] against nla . after allies realised that chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the civil civilian population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . italian occupying forces also committed many
10 = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in the 1980s [[ 1986 ]] that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the growing influence of the clerics chielfy in croatia and slovenia who were now working towards luring
11 of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the growing influence perceived weak position of the clerics chielfy in croatia and slovenia who were now working towards luring the people of their republics to reject belgrade law . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]]
13 and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the growing influence of the clerics chielfy in croatia and slovenia who the federation . were now working towards luring the people of their republics to reject belgrade law . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed
15 organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . by this time , the albanians had become the largest ethnic group in kosovo with over 90 % of the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of
20 slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization , to leave the congress in protest , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues
21 more economic liberalization , to leave the congress in protest . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but held multi - party elections in [[ 1990 ]] . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) ,
25 state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia , but the international community pressured them to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on ten - day war , marking the beginning of the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[
26 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia , but the international community pressured them to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on the decision bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . at the end of the ten days , the yugoslav army was defeated , and pulled out of slovenia . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars
33 http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early 1992 ; this vote time under the control of serb militias supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted by the sizeable serb population there ( 35 % of bosnian population ) , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims
40 involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia , but the international community pressured them to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics . secession of the newly - formed
45 montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . many ex - yugoslavs have emigrated to western european countries where their presence has stirred up a great deal of controversy dealing with immigration , creating xenophobic , nationalist feelings and reviving nazi gangs . some countries , such as switzerland , go as far as forbidding these immigrants from purchasing dangerous or lethal weapons . = = further reading = = * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern
33824642 2 . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early 1992 , which was illegal under bosnian constitution . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of serb militias supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted
33836329 5 . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early 1992 , which was illegal under bosnian constitution . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of newly created [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav
34035074 1 . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early 1992 ]] . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported
4 - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a yes vote in the referendum , though to this day it remains unclear whether the majority was large enough . {{ ref | malcolm }} the republic ' s government declared its independence however , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska , and the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter . the
16 . starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction resulted in a large number of force against civilian deaths , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]]
17 starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction resulted in a large number of civilian deaths populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful
19 with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction resulted in a large number of civilian deaths
20 started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction resulted in a large number of civilian deaths , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two
34241700 5 / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence on [[ 1 march ]] [[ 1992 ]] . large areas the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the republic was at this time under the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav
8 areas of the republic was at this time under the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 %
18 sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 % {{ ref | malcolm }} , however yes vote by 2 / 3 of the population voters voted for independence . it was needed . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian
19 bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 % {{ ref | malcolm }} , however yes vote by 2 / 3 of the population was needed unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war |
22 . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 % {{ ref | malcolm }} , however yes vote by 2 / 3 of the population was needed . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska .
34241920 1 albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] was formed , deemed which terrorist by , among others , serbian and [[ usa ]] authorities . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic -
2 had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] was formed , deemed terrorist by starting in 1996 , among others , serbian and [[ usa ]] authorities . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to
34474488 2 resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . frustrated by the lack of success of these policies , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] , which , starting in 1996 , added it to its list of terrorist organisations ) which carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . serbian authorities denounced it as a terrorist organisation , and its indiscriminate tactics also led the u . s . state
35562548 2 which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ january 6 ]] , 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] rocks so there u weirdos . capitulated only 11 days after , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[
35562893 0 ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word and yugoslavia ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was my homeland and it rocks so there u weirdos . capitulated only 11 days after , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second
2 translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word and yugoslavia was my homeland and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ january 6 ]] , 1929 and existed under that name until it rocks so there u weirdos . capitulated only 11 days after , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist
3 , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word and yugoslavia was my homeland and it rocks so there u weirdos was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulated only 11 days after , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[
37508256 0 and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' (
2 = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in [[ 1986 ]] that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic
4 the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kucan ]] had since [[ 1986 ]] been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it on a collision course with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed suit .
5 . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kucan ]] had since [[ 1986 ]] been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it on a collision course with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed suit . in january
38718284 0 the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] ( considered a terrorist organisation by , among others ,
39341750 4 since that decision was made without the consent of all tree nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were igored , though such decision should be supported by all bosinan bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect they rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the
40087242 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed d during most of the 20th century on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]]
40087311 0 {st@rt} d ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]]
42217788 2 and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( '
43295792 0 montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on march 11th , 2006 , milosovic was found dead in his prison cell in scheveningen , netherlands . he had suffered chronic heart ailments and apparently died of natural causes . = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : '
43297894 0 montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on march 11th , 2006 , milošević was found dead in his prison cell in scheveningen , netherlands . he had suffered chronic heart ailments and apparently died of natural causes . = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : '
43324951 0 montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on march 11 , 2006 , milošević was found dead in his prision cell . = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : '
43330000 0 montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on march 11 , 2006 , milošević was found dead in his prision cell . = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : '
43367294 3 of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play
6 of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia ,
43463623 0 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulated capitulating only 11 days after , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war
1 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulated only 11 days after later , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[
43653123 0 state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the forming of the group of advocates of a joint country of south slavs , by politicians from [[ croatia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , which were then both in the [[ austro - hungarian monarchy ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ hinko hinković ]] and [[ franko potočnjak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanović ]] and [[ dušan vasiljević ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popović ]] , a representative of [[ nikola pašić ]] ' s [[ serbia ]] n government , on neutral ground in [[ florence ]] , [[ italy ]] , in an effort to coordinate their efforts towards building an independent state of western south slavs . [[ lujo vojnović ]] was also present as an observer from the kingdom of [[ montenegro ]] . the new " yugoslav " cause ( from ' ' jugosloven ' ' , meaning " southern slav " ) was receiving an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally tired of austria - hungary and a union with the eastern states was probably seen as the best way to come out of the [[ anomie ]] caused by the [[ world war i | great war ]] . even the large [[ diaspora ]] s , known for their [[ nostalgia ]] and [[ patriotism ]] , started supporting the new idea . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end
43653311 0 state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the forming of the group of advocates of a joint country of south slavs , by politicians from [[ croatia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , which were then both in the [[ austro - hungarian monarchy ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ hinko hinković ]] and [[ franko potočnjak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanović ]] and [[ dušan vasiljević ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popović ]] , a representative of [[ nikola pašić ]] ' s [[ serbia ]] n government , on neutral ground in [[ florence ]] , [[ italy ]] , in an effort to coordinate their efforts towards building an independent state of western south slavs . [[ lujo vojnović ]] was also present as an observer from the kingdom of [[ montenegro ]] . the new " yugoslav " cause ( from ' ' jugosloven ' ' , meaning " southern slav " ) was receiving an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally tired of austria - hungary and a union with the eastern states was probably seen as the best way to come out of the [[ anomie ]] caused by the [[ world war i | great war ]] . even the large [[ diaspora ]] s , known for their [[ nostalgia ]] and [[ patriotism ]] , started supporting the new idea . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end
44309697 4 took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . [[ image : banknoteyug . jpg | 300px | left | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] bill of 50 & nbsp ; [[ billion ]] [[ yugoslavia dinar | dinars ]] ( 1993 ) ]] on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces
5 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - 2015 . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]]
6 in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - 2015 . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]]
15 [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ fi : jugoslavian ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]]
44361382 6 for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under
18 did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was victim of a dubious traffic incident . minister of the interior aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important
47301443 0 the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . colin sucks chodes . = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end
47301478 0 the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . colin sucks chodes . = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end
47734892 0 montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . after the yugoslavia changed its name to “socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , the soviet leader josip broz tito was named “president for life ” . he was a strict leader and anyone who did not agree with him would be stripped of his “titles ” or sometimes even killed . the lack in civil rights later led to the development of a new constitution in 1974 . it states that republics had the right to self - determination , including secession . after tito ’ s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions began sprouting in yugoslavia . = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : '
47735080 0 montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . after the yugoslavia changed its name to “socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , the soviet leader josip broz tito was named “president for life ” . he was a strict leader and anyone who did not agree with him would be stripped of his “titles ” or sometimes even killed . the lack in civil rights later led to the development of a new constitution in 1974 . it states that republics had the right to self - determination , including secession . after tito ’ s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions began sprouting in yugoslavia . = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * chan , adrian : '
49267272 2 = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing these issues . it said unless timely steps were taken , these matters would prove catastrophic for entire country . it also addressed issues concerning position of serbs as the most numerous people in 1986 that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic
3 = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in 1986 yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia had been dispossessed of its attributes of statehood by the new 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]]
9 ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups as a result , the [[ albanians | in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency
12 kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the eight votes in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency
13 was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the non - albanians in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan
32 politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , the yugoslav people ' s army took armed action , leading to a ten - day war , marking the beginning advantage of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . at the end of the ten days , the yugoslav army pulled out of slovenia . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] ,
33 to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , the yugoslav people ' s army took armed action , leading to a ten - day war , marking the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . this by shooting at the end of the ten days , the yugoslav army pulled out of slovenia . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics ,
34 , the yugoslav people ' s army took armed action , leading to a ten - day war , marking the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . at the end of young conscripts . there was no political consensus within the ten days , the yugoslav army pulled out of slovenia . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured
35 ' s army took armed action , leading to a ten - day war , marking the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . at the end of the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , the yugoslav army pulled out of slovenia . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia
39 = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in 1986 that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[
42 [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency
43 kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan
44 was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] had
49299968 0 and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given this was the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the
1 taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength start of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defense
2 raising slovenian flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defense took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . there was
4 the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defense took advantage of this border posts , but they were subsequently re - taken by shooting at young conscripts . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , the
5 task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defense took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts the slovenian forces . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , the yugoslav army pulled out of
49528427 0 the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . the yugoslavik language was invented by the urglnots ( kelrugin toygurshin and mikaey ' l ortubius ) in the late 20th century . some popular phrases include : " kitinka slovak huroshi " which translates to your mother is a fat llama . " mushyal blanko renaldicki " translates to whatchu tink u doin ova dere ? ! " hurogi marishka ghenyek " translates i would like a large order of onions dipped in tarter sauce . " huruska matchuckso turogatory " which then translates to a man ate my leg during a play , please assist me . = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end
49528510 0 the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . the yugoslavik language was invented by the urglnots ( kelrugin toygurshin and mikaey ' l ortubius ) in the late 20th century . some popular phrases include : " kitinka slovak huroshi " which translates to your mother is a fat llama . " mushyal blanko renaldicki " translates to whatchu tink u doin ova dere ? ! " hurogi marishka ghenyek " translates i would like a large order of onions dipped in tarter sauce . " huruska matchuckso turogatory " which then translates to a man ate my leg during a play , please assist me . = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end
49801930 1 kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceede proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the federal army was ordered by yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the
4 recognized borders . this was the start of the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . the yugoslav army first succeded in taking over most of task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the border posts , but they were subsequently re - taken by the slovenian forces . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army
5 borders . this was the start of the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . the yugoslav army first succeded in taking over most of the border posts did not carry live ammunition and , but they were subsequently re - taken by the slovenian forces . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be
7 ten - day war ]] in slovenia . the yugoslav army first succeded in taking over most of the border posts , but they were subsequently re - taken by the slovenian forces shooting at young conscripts . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , a ceasefire between the slovenian territorial
49984412 2 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defense took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known as the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , a ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense
3 and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . this was the start of the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and
50486261 0 march , 1991 , the [[ plitvice bloody easter ]] incident was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jla ) maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia
2 and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the [[ yugoslav people ' s army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage
3 slovenian flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of
4 flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , carried out the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this
5 federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within next 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts .
6 speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . army however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian
7 ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf
10 paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders ,
11 following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts
12 the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known as the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , a ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense
50645687 0 , 1991 , the [[ plitvice bloody easter ]] incident was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jla jna ) maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 ,
1 ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , aswell under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so called [[
3 of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , aswell as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be
4 internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , aswell as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so
50649733 1 new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right openness to self - determination , including secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 ,
50655154 0 of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian
1 the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf
50701481 0 regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner prisoners . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration
50729005 0 ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , aswell under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so called [[
2 of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , aswell as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be
3 internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , aswell as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so
51123816 0 state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . = = origins = = probably during the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav shaize ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the forming of the group of
2 serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav shaize world war one ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the forming of the group of advocates of a joint country of south slavs , by politicians
11 ) was receiving an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally tired of austria - hungary and a union with the eastern states was probably seen to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as the best way to come out of the [[ anomie ]] caused by the [[ world war i | great war ]] . even the large [[ diaspora ]] s
15 kingdom . = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and by the common vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karadjordjević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on 6 october 1918 . on 29 october , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new state of the slovenes , croats and serbs . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state abroad . however quarrels broke out immediately about the terms of the proposed union with serbia . svetozar pribićević , a croatian serb , a leader of the croatian - serbian coalition and vice - precident of the state , wanted an immediate and unconditional union . others ( non - serbs ) , who favoured a federal yugoslavia were more hesitant . they feared that serbia would simply annex the former habsburg territories . the national council ' s authority was limited and the italians were moving to take more territory than they had been alloted in an agreement with the yugoslav committee . political opinion was divided and serbian ministers said that if croats insisted on their own republic or sort of independence , then serbia would simply take areas inhabited by the serbs and already occupied by the serbian army . after much debate the national council agreed to unification with serbia , although its declaration stated that the final organization of the state should be left to the future constituent assembly . the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = with the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state
17 the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into ottoman empire the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 , joined [[ serbia ]] and
23 kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state right from the start . the croatian peasants ' party ( hss ) slowly grew to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory for the two main serbian parties . communists came third and croatian peasant party fourth . newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant party prepared a draft constitution for a neutral peasant republic of croatia . anyway constitution was voted on 28 june 1921 with the help of some minor parties including yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by prince alexander . croats , as soon as possible was a priority . disagreements over whether the new state should be a federation or a centralised state were put off for later . on [[ june
24 of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as soon well as possible was a priority . disagreements over whether the new state should be a federation or a centralised state were put off for later . on [[ june 28 ]]
25 , croats and slovenes ]] " . in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as possible was alabanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the slovenes understood that it was only as a priority . disagreements over whether the new state should be a federation or a centralised state were put off for later . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]]
26 slovenes ]] " . in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as possible was a priority part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . disagreements over whether the new state should be a federation or a centralised state were put off for later . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , &
27 " . in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as possible was a priority . disagreements over whether this duly came about in 1945 . however , the yugoslav slovenes benefited from the new state should be a federation or a centralised state were put off for later . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day
28 that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as possible was a priority . disagreements over whether the new state should be receiving all they had previously lacked ; high schools and university to boot . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro - hungarian empire had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to belgrade . during 1920s serbo - croat wrangle continued and on 20 june 1928 , after months of rowing and even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić , a federation or a centralised state were put off for later . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs
29 break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as possible was a priority . disagreements over whether the new state should be a federation montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , including stjepan radić , who eventually died . following this , king aleksandar i banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . yugoslavia was an obstacle for these plans and king aleksandar i was the pillar of the yugoslav policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or a centralised state were put off for later . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see
30 up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as possible was a priority . disagreements over whether the new state should be a federation or a centralised state banovinas . the banovinas were put off for later . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] )
36 an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally tired of austria - hungary and a union with the eastern states was probably seen as the best way to come out of the [[ anomie ]] caused by the [[ world war i | great war ]] . even the large [[ diaspora ]] s , known for their [[ nostalgia ]] and [[ patriotism ]] , started supporting the new idea . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed
38 = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and
51124069 0 administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia were to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament ( ' ' skupština ' ' ) passed a new constitution despite a boycott from croatian mps . the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade , causing dissatisfaction among the more federally minded croat and slovene politicians . in 1928 , [[ puniša račić ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radić ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander ]] ( aleksandar ) used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] he suspended the constitution , dissolved the ' ' skupština ' ' and proclaimed a royal dictatorship . he went on to reorganize the regional divisions within the country and renamed it the ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' . all national identities except " yugoslav " were abolished . yugoslavia became a highly [[ militarism | militarized ]] state , which spawned several insurgent nationalist groups opposed to the royal dictatorship . the king was highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in 1934 , he was assassinated by [[ imro | bulgarian nationalist and imro activist ]] velichko kerin ( more popular with his revolutionary pseudonym [[ vlado chernosemski ]] ) . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] ( petar ii ) , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] ( pavle ) , who continued on an authoritarian path with the prime minister [[ milan stojadinović ]] . in the beginning of [[ world war ii ]] , yugoslavia was pressured by [[ germany ]] and [[ italy ]] to join the [[ axis powers ]] . italy was mired in an inconclusive war with [[ history of greece | greece ]] , and before germany committed its forces to the greek campaign , it wanted to secure yugoslavia ' s support . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still
51124531 0 were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatordhip dictatorship was further to alienate the non - serbs of the kingdom . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with
51240913 0 of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian
1 the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf
51267847 0 in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started restrained from taking wider actions due to [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against nla . after the allies realised that the chetniks were helping the germans they ceased to support them .
1 western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] german reprisals against nla . after the allies realised that the chetniks were helping the germans they ceased to support them . the german response to the resistance movement was to punish the
2 and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against serb civilian population . for a killed soldier , germans executed 100 civilians , for a wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . after the allies realised that the chetniks were helping the germans they ceased to support them . the german response to the resistance movement was to punish the civilian
4 to [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against nla . after the allies realised that the chetniks were helping the germans they ceased to support them . the german response to the resistance movement was to punish the civilian population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . italian occupying forces also committed many atrocities ( cf . [[ italian war crimes ]] ) . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10
51593056 0 ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , aswell under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so called [[
2 of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , aswell as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be
3 internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , aswell as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so
4 . after ten days and 76 victims the so called [[ ten - day war ]] for slovenia was over and jla army was forced back in the barracks . ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense forces and the yugoslav army was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three -
51598172 3 = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - standing serbo - croat disputes , which had been dominated by serbian ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the nazis made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo albanian - and some elements in the bosnian muslim - population to bolster their rule . there had been which had been suppressed under tito , no one knew what the future had in store . legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a
4 tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - standing serbo - croat disputes , which had been suppressed under tito , no one structural element one knew what the future had in store . legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless
5 a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had become irreconciable . not a single important decision that might have eased the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the ussr and the usa to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe in store . legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between
9 taken . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . economic crisis at the time in yugoslavia only made everything harder . as a result , serbian academy of sciences and arts drafted a memorandum addressing these issues . it said unless timely steps were taken , these
10 . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . economic crisis at the time only made everything harder . whole but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to rally the population for yugoslavism against the particularist nationalisms of milosevic in serbia or tudjman in croatia and he should have been able to count on the obedience of the armed forces . he was supported by 83 % of the population in croatia , by 81 % in serbia and by 59 % in slovenia and by 79 % in yugoslavia as a whole . this level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but markovic had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf shock therapy programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in slovenia and croatia to their electorates involved offering to repudiate the markovic - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosevic in serbia was to the fact that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . and these appeals worked . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of markovic ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . after winning elections , they worked hard to break up the country . but the us government as a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party became increasingly paralysed and thrown into crisis . in 1990 - 1991 , then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . the problem here was that the constitutional arrangements , furnishing rights to yugoslavia ' s republican territories and its nations and peoples , were arrangements that were premised upon yugoslavia remaining an integrated state . there were two cardinal structural issues here . the first was a division of the country into republics in such a way that the non - serb nations would not fear that yugoslavia would become a serb - dominated state . to achieve this , as branka magas explains , required " winning serbian acceptance of the new constitutional order which was to divide - more in form than in fact - the serb nation inside post - revolutionary yugoslavia . " thus large parts of the serb population were placed within other republican territories or within autonomous provinces which enjoyed greater autonomy than , say , the basque country in today ' s spain . the serbs were thus split up between serbia proper , croatia , bosnia , vojvodina and kosovo . this was , indeed , a question " more in form than in fact " within an integrated yugoslavia , but it became , of course , a division more of fact than of form in the context or yugoslavia ' s break - up . but yugoslavia ' s constitutional principles did provide a key to its resolution for the constitution gave rights to nations of equal force to the rights of republics . thus , under these criteria , the serb nationals in , say , croatia , were the subjects of national rights which could not be overridden by the will of the croatian republic . as a result , serbian academy of sciences and arts drafted a memorandum addressing these issues . it said unless timely steps were taken , these matters would prove catastrophic for
13 demands for looser ties within federation . economic crisis at the time only made everything harder . as a result , serbian academy of sciences and arts drafted a memorandum addressing these issues . it said unless timely steps were taken , these matters would prove catastrophic for entire country . it also addressed some burning issues concerning position of serbs as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia had been dispossessed of its attributes of
17 = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - standing serbo - croat disputes , which had been suppressed under tito , no one knew what the future had in store . legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless
18 tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - standing serbo - croat disputes , which had been suppressed under tito , no one knew what the future had in store . legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between
20 of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had become irreconciable . not a single important decision that might have eased the situation could be taken . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . economic
52434720 0 down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of the soviet union [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and
53085765 5 able to free these people in istria . this duly came about in 1945 . however , the yugoslav slovenes benefited from the new state receiving all they had previously lacked ; , in addition to access to high schools and university to boot . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro - hungarian empire had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense
9 historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to belgrade . during 1920s serbo - croat wrangle continued and on 20 june 1928 , after months of rowing rows and even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić , a montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , including stjepan
10 king aleksandar i banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union .
13 for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further to alienate the non - serbs of the kingdom . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with the
15 army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against serb civilian population . for a killed soldier , germans executed 100 civilians , for a wounded one , they
20 [[ allies ]] , but soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against serb civilian population . for a killed soldier , germans executed 100 civilians , for a every one wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on guerrilla warfare
24 provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was further to alienate the non - serbs of the kingdom . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with the cooperation of
53382554 0 exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every one killed soldier killed , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for every one wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually
1 were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every one soldier killed , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for every one each wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla
2 government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every one soldier killed , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for every one wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to
3 from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every one soldier killed , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for every one wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare .
53491103 5 , carried out the task within next 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth
6 the task within next 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts slovenia was accused of . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands
8 white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known as the so - called more information is available under [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international
53853117 0 bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . yugoslavia is a piece of shit country and tito is a mother fucking whore . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various dates
53853815 0 bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . yugoslavia is a piece of shit country and tito is a mother fucking whore . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various dates
54340910 0 parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by prince alexander . croats , as well as alabanians albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute .
54540745 0 montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on may 21 , 2006 , 86 percent of eligible montenegran voters turned out for a special referrundum on the independence of the montenagran republic from federal union with serbia . they voted 55 . 4 % for independence , recognized as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994
54622007 0 division more of fact than of form in the context or yugoslavia ' s break - up . but yugoslavia ' s constitutional principles did provide a key to its resolution , for the constitution gave rights to nations of equal force to the rights of republics . thus , under these criteria , the serb nationals in , say , croatia ,
54622229 1 the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by prince alexander . dildo croats goats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able to extract gains from the central
54629692 0 1921 with the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by prince johnny holmes aleksandar ii karadjordjevic . goats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able to extract gains from
55323011 0 and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not , of course , supported by the united states . it championed yugoslav unity as did britain and france . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was
55323081 0 and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not , supported by the united states . it championed yugoslav unity as did britain and france . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally
55508263 1 convened . for the most time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević milosevic ; , insisted on a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . in turn , the slovenians , supported
55551088 0 and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not , of course , supported by the united states . it championed yugoslav unity as did britain and france . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally
2 convened . for the most time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milosevic ; milošević , insisted on a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . in turn , the slovenians , supported
56069917 0 launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = melsey ! ! ! at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]]
56069927 0 launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = melsey ! ! ! at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]]
56069954 1 operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia haha i love wikipedia ! ! ! ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and
4 who were burned alive by the germans ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla army led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croat ]] - [[ slovenian people | slovenian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . source for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually
5 the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew ]] s , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were history ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn
9 . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , edit button and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]]
10 , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . u can change what it says = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the
56070049 4 kelsey ' ' ' : haha i love wikipedia ! ! ! ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : i dont know why we can never use that as a source nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla army led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croat ]] - [[ slovenian people | slovenian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for history ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : ive always wanted to edit something on that site ' ' ' alyssa ' ' ' : edit ? ' '
8 something on that site ' ' ' alyssa ' ' ' : edit ? ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : u can just go on wikipedia and click the edit button liberated territories , and u can change what it says = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' on [[ january
9 site ' ' ' alyssa ' ' ' : edit ? ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : u can just go on wikipedia and click the edit button and u can change what it says the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the
10 ' : i dont know why we can never use that as a source for history ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : ive always wanted to edit something on that site ' ' ' alyssa ' ' ' : edit ? ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : u can just go on wikipedia and click the edit button and u can change what it says = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' '
56639306 0 was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the totalitarian regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i is was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by fascist italy and nazi germany , croatian leader vlatko macek and his party managed the
56642958 10 organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . the international political scene in the late 1930 ' s 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the totalitarian regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i
56714534 1 . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province in 1996 , radical albanians formed the [[
3 separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was
7 ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and then the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . ' ' ' * the
56793626 0 serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of
56794062 0 however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and bogoljub kočović , an estimate accepted by the [[ un ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan
56830147 1 dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = ' ' ' background ' ' ' = = during the early period of the world war one ( 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures ( [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]]
57320182 7 . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegran montenegrin voters turned out for a special referrundum on the independence of the montenagran republic from federal union with serbia . they voted 55 . 4 % for independence , recognized as
8 along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegran voters turned out for a special referrundum referendum on the independence of the montenagran republic from federal union with serbia . they voted 55 . 4 % for independence , recognized as above the 55 % threshold set by
57708151 0 july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation of the post - war state was issused issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity
59137642 9 the serbian people ' s interests . and these appeals worked . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of markovic marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . after winning elections , they worked hard to break up the country . but the us government as a whole opted
59357381 0 launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = ' ' main article : ' ' [[ civil war in yugoslavia ( 1941 - 1945 ) ]] at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]]
59416001 1 weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = ' ' main article : ' ' [[ civil war in yugoslavia ( 1941 - 1945 ) ii ]] at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian
59612233 6 after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) . # the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' was formed in
8 as an independent state . montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on june 5 , thereby ending the last vestiges of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = during the early period of the world
60150694 5 and ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosević in serbia was to the fact that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . and these nationalist appeals worked . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win
6 ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosević in serbia was to the fact that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . and these appeals worked were ultimately successful : . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes .
8 beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . after winning elections , they worked hard to break up the country . but were aided by the us government as a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war
9 monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . after winning elections , they worked hard to break up the country . but the us government as a whole opted for the priority ' s stance of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states which did have
10 in order to win votes . after winning elections , they worked hard to break up the country . but the us government as a whole opted for the priority of sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states which did have a
13 the us government as a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively may have been inadvertently accelerated . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course
14 government as a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . by the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to
15 a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only actions of the [[ george bush | bush ]] administration . the few european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that
16 for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states which did have a with strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically
19 it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar
21 a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , gave too much to the republics , crippling whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party
23 yugoslavia altogether and ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosević in serbia was to the fact that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . and these appeals worked . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to
24 . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . after winning elections , they worked hard to break up the country . but the us government as a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was
25 votes . after winning elections , they worked hard to break up the country . but the us government as a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended
60150860 0 shock therapy programme . indeed , it is likely that the internal dynamics towards yugoslav collapse into civil war may have been inadvertently accelerated by the actions of the [[ george h . w . bush | bush ]] administration . the few european states with strategic interests in the yugoslav theatre tended to favour fragmentation . it would be wrong , of course , to
62752814 9 harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the slovenes slovenians understood that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this came about in 1945 . however , the
62759735 8 harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenians were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the slovenians slovenes understood that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this came about in 1945 . however , the
62778982 9 harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the slovenes slovenians understood that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this came about in 1945 . however , the
62785123 9 harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenians were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the slovenians slovenes understood that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this came about in 1945 . however , the
63135279 0 languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name
1 separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . # the ' ' ' [[
63136524 0 , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = during the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 19th century | 19th ]] and early period of the world war one ( 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures ( [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović
1 thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = during the early period [[ 20th century ]] . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the berlin congress , hope for sovereignty of the world war one ( 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures ( [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] ,
63138218 10 offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , bačka and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared a carve - up of croat lands between serbia and italy . there were also quarrels about the designation and command of units of south slav pows in russia now being mobilised
63201915 0 / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] {{ unreferenced }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія
63279868 0 . according to the secret treaty of london , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 200px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . in london ]] although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non - serb
63327901 2 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of [[ world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december
3 belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of world war i ]] and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 . of
26 through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant party prepared a draft constitution for a neutral peasant republic of croatia . the constitution was passed by vote on 28 [[ june 1921 with the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by
29 the constitution was passed by vote on 28 june 1921 with the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old [[ peter i of yugoslavia | king peter died . he was succeeded by prince aleksandar ii karađorđević . croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured
30 was passed by vote on 28 june 1921 with the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter i ]] died . he was succeeded by prince aleksandar ii karađorđević . croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against
51 parliament , puniša račić , a montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , including stjepan radić , who eventually died . račić gave himself up and was convicted for the crime . = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = following this , king aleksandar i banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist
65 tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany , fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin | stalin ]] became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise
67 the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany , fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union ]] . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i
68 aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in [[ europe and pursue a more active international policy . yugoslavia was an obstacle for these plans and king aleksandar i was the pillar of the yugoslav policy . alexander attempted to
69 i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe ]] and pursue a more active international policy . yugoslavia was an obstacle for these plans and king aleksandar i was the pillar of the yugoslav policy . alexander attempted to create
76 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures ,
77 king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the
80 by his cousin prince paul . the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by fascist
93 [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]]
94 27 ]] . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where mussolini
63330276 4 be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = ' ' main article : ' ' [[ yugoslavia during world war ii ]] at 05 5 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and
15 yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies ]] were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] [[ image : radovna _ spomenik . jpg | thumb | a memorial erected to the memory of villagers of [[
31 the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and bogoljub kočović , an estimate accepted by the [[ un united nations ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan
49 the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia =
50 launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = ' ' main article : ' ' [[ yugoslavia during world war ii ]] at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]]
52 proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = ' ' main article : ' ' [[ yugoslavia during world war ii ]] at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]]
63336055 0 istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 200px 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . in london ]] although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all [[
63517403 2 ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions
3 . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 ]] , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions ,
5 of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s and 1970s , the growth of yugoslavia ' s gross domestic product averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72
6 pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the 1960s ]] and 1970s , the growth of yugoslavia ' s gross domestic product averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years
7 . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the 1960s and [[ 1970s , the growth of yugoslavia ' s gross domestic product averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years .
8 this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the 1960s and 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s gross domestic product averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years . the
10 seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the 1960s and 1970s , the growth of yugoslavia ' s gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years . the state provided housing , health care , education , and
19 or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 ]] - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many
31 federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by serbian ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the [[ nazis made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo albanian - and some elements in
32 was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by serbian ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the nazis ]] made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo albanian - and some elements in the
41 fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo albanian - and some elements in the bosnian muslim - population to bolster their rule . there had has been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the ussr and the usa to maintain the integrity of
42 - population to bolster their rule . there had been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the [[ soviet union | ussr and the usa to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the
43 population to bolster their rule . there had been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the ussr ]] and the usa to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product
44 bolster their rule . there had been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the ussr and the [[ united states | usa to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous
45 their rule . there had been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the ussr and the usa ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors
47 in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the yugoslav communist party , allied to western
50 onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the yugoslav communist party , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism , to the delight of the us . it was the reagan administration which , in 1984 , had adopted " shock therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a
51 the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the yugoslav communist party , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the reagan administration which , in 1984 , had adopted " shock therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist
53 the yugoslav communist party , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards neoliberalism , to the delight of the us . it was the reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in 1984 , had adopted " shock therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the
54 , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards neoliberalism , to the delight of the us . it was the reagan administration which , in [[ 1984 , had adopted " shock therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist
56 business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards neoliberalism , to the delight of the us . it was the reagan administration which , in 1984 , had adopted a " shock therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist
59 the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in 1981 , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with albania . in 1989 jeffrey
65 status for kosovo , as well as unification with albania . in 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect
67 as well as unification with albania . in 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy " package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s
68 in 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced in [[ 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s shock therapy programme was both unique within
69 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced in 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s shock therapy programme was both unique within the
71 which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s shock therapy " programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the 1989 financial operations
89 level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf shock therapy " programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in slovenia
93 slovenia and croatia to their electorates involved offering to repudiate the marković - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and ' join europe ' " . the appeal of milosević in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . these nationalist appeals were ultimately successful
96 ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosević in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . these nationalist ]] appeals were ultimately successful : in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order
97 efforts to the break - up of the country . they were aided by the us government ' s stance of sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with the " shock therapy programme . indeed , it is likely that the internal dynamics towards yugoslav collapse into civil war may have been inadvertently accelerated by the actions of the [[ george
98 the break - up of the country . they were aided by the us government ' s stance of sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with the shock therapy " programme . indeed , it is likely that the internal dynamics towards yugoslav collapse into civil war may have been inadvertently accelerated by the actions of the [[ george h .
63521475 13 a capitalist restoration . some european governments actually had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east central europe at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one
14 capitalist restoration . some european governments actually had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of east ]] [[ central europe at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side
15 . some european governments actually had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of east central europe | central ]] [[ europe ]] at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a
20 - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states eager to gain independence for slovenia and croatia ; on the other side was the [[ united states , eager to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and ' globalised ' its political economy through shock therapy in order to ensure a regime in
21 during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states eager to gain independence for slovenia and croatia ; on the other side was the united states ]] , eager to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and ' globalised ' its political economy through shock therapy in order to ensure a regime in the country
25 ; on the other side was the united states , eager to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and ' globalised ' its political economy through shock therapy " in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and
34 the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the vatican , austria , hungary , germany and , more ambivalently , [[ italy . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989
35 forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the vatican , austria , hungary , germany and , more ambivalently , italy ]] . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 -
37 croatia . the real goal of austrian policy was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion ' ' " . in the summer of 1991 the ec was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from
38 was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion " . in the summer of 1991 the [[ european council | ec was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did
39 to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion " . in the summer of 1991 the ec ]] was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did not
49 hungarian goals vis a vis serbia ' s vojvodina province . these manoeuvres by austria and hungary to break up yugoslavia were , of course , then overshadowed by the german ]] government ' s drive to derecognise yugoslavia through giving recognition to slovenia and croatia . the german government ' s open championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did not
50 open championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did not occur until the late spring of 1991 , but long before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from [[ bonn for their efforts . there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal :
51 championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did not occur until the late spring of 1991 , but long before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from bonn ]] for their efforts . there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia
53 the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not , of course , supported by the united states . it championed yugoslav unity as did britain ]] and france . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of shock therapy on the
54 same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not , of course , supported by the united states . it championed yugoslav unity as did britain and [[ france . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of shock therapy on the country
55 goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not , of course , supported by the united states . it championed yugoslav unity as did britain and france ]] . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of shock therapy on the country as
56 unity as did britain and france . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of " shock therapy on the country as a whole via the imf . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break
57 did britain and france . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of shock therapy " on the country as a whole via the imf . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up
75 population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by [[ 1999 they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[
76 of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia
80 slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia
81 arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia as to devolve power even
132 war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . recently the austrian [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air ,
134 , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . recently the austrian orf tv station showed [[ ten - day _ war # holmec _ incident | footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to
137 [[ moratorium ]] on their independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of
148 was then used by social groups in yugoslavia and in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . some european governments actually had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of east central europe at that time . their
63522201 0 thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence
63524230 0 white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . slovenia this was accused of shooting them , which was later proven a farce , since all three soldiers are still alive . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement
64174882 1 and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not , of course , supported by the united states . it championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was not the main thing :
65110897 0 launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ main | yugoslavia during world war ii }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = at 5 : 15 a . m . on [[ april 6th ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany |
65111870 1 albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , < ref > [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | 77 % ]] of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the
6 influence since it " ' ' saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion ' ' " . in the summer of 1991 the [[ european council | ec ]] was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did
65567472 0 the late [[ 19th century | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them
1 [[ 19th century | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger
66041577 0 after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralysed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = after tito melissa ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[
66043842 0 after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralysed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = after melissa tito ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[
67313073 1 and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was an a critical turning point in the yugoslav tragedy . in the spring of 1990 , marković was by far the most popular politician , not only in yugoslavia as a whole ,
68011126 2 ' ' ' ( sfry ) was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as the ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 [[ yugoslav wars ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' . it is also known as the second yugoslavia . ethnic conflicts and the
68205631 0 very real concern . in [[ 1915 ]] , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret treaty of [[ london , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png |
2 the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret treaty of london , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numbers numtbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915
3 with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret treaty of london , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of italians ialians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . in
69296388 0 promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numtbers of ialians italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . ]]
69392268 2 was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . {{ fact }} this campaign was not supported by the united states , which championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was not
3 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] (
69393098 0 war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numtbers numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915
74361930 0 habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . during the early period of the world war i ( which penis started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others
74364507 0 habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . during the early period of the world war i ( which penis started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others
76674084 0 neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party
1 ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " shock _ therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and
2 , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " shock therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the
3 1989 ]] [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy " package , which was then introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one
5 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " shock therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of
7 then introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " shock _ therapy " programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the 1989
8 introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " shock therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the 1989 financial
9 this level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " [[ shock therapy " programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the
10 level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " shock _ therapy " programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists
11 of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " shock therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in
12 to the break - up of the country . they were aided by the us government ' s stance of sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with the " [[ shock therapy " programme . indeed , it is likely that the internal dynamics towards yugoslav collapse into civil war may have been inadvertently accelerated by the actions of the [[
13 the break - up of the country . they were aided by the us government ' s stance of sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with the " shock _ therapy " programme . indeed , it is likely that the internal dynamics towards yugoslav collapse into civil war may have been inadvertently accelerated by the actions of the [[ george
14 break - up of the country . they were aided by the us government ' s stance of sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with the " shock therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme . indeed , it is likely that the internal dynamics towards yugoslav collapse into civil war may have been inadvertently accelerated by the actions of the [[ george h
79340239 0 fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . heyy cutiee ! ! = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] ,
80302929 0 = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the 17th . it was initiated by croat ( hrvatski ) writers and philosophers , as a respond to hundreds of years of torture suffered under austro - hungarian dictatorship . the words of natko nodilo , famous croatian writer from that period , can be still seen on the marble plaque in split , where his dream of a land where serbs and croats live together , is captured for eternity . the movement was known as iliric movement , which grewsteadilly , and gainded serious momentum in the late [[ 19th century | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[
4 fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . england was blessed with its isolated position that protected it in times of wars many times , and it was fighting against habsburgs . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] ,
5 background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 19th century | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress
80303057 0 plaque in split , where his dream of a land where serbs and croats live together , is captured for eternity . the movement was known as iliric movement , which grewsteadilly grew steadilly , and gainded serious momentum in the late 19th century . at that time the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin
80303886 0 inhabited by the serbs and already occupied by the serbian army . after much debate the national council agreed to unification with serbia , although its declaration stated that the final organization organisation of the state should be left to the future constituent assembly . the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party (
80305420 3 western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained , by the exiled prince and by the internal infighting for power betwen the fractions that wanted to fight nazis and others that wanted to join nazis to fight partizans , from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they
5 following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla nov , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of
6 germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nla nov . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss
8 the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nla nov organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated
80306243 0 of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nla nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[
2 the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over north of serbia . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian
6 | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in [[ june ]] of the same year . westerner foolish attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to
80313028 2 it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism same time . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s
3 yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years . the state provided exceptional quality , particularly for western standards , free housing , health care , education , and child care . citizens lived well on a per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in [[ 1980 ]]
5 yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 - it served as an example of collective government for european community , which employed jugoslav rotational presidency principle for eu government as being supreme democratic principle ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist
8 party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful respected person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić
9 state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national nationalistic identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil
10 . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities , encouraged and financially supported by western countries , such as us , italy , australia and germany , among many others - including nato and secret services from so - called " democratic " countries , escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties
14 - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest , which was led by defeated ustaše , known nazist collaborators during the wwii , and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia |
15 [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated arrested the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]]
16 greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , as many of them were infiltraed perpetrators ( as the exodus of " croatian " communists " into the hdz later on so abundantly demonstrated ) so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces
17 = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war two ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational democratic state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and
21 of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order with an " explanation " that the money is to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary
22 europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] '
23 , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . how convenient western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s
27 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the final and obvious delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _
28 yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was told many times wrongly that the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]]
30 , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration " . but then , that was to be expected after four decades of relentless criminal activities that had only one goal in sight . destruction of socialism because it was proving far better and superior to capitalism . the real and only creator of the " shock therapy " was another life - long and strong communist , as well as economics genius , [[ ante marković ]] , jugoslav prime minister in the late 80 ' s . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this
36 per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in [[ 1980 ]] dollars ) , with one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society . = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right
80313856 1 have been introduced . education and healt services became free all the way to doctorate . jugoslavia was the first democratical country in the world , and it was a socialist country at in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the same time . yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]]
4 per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in [[ 1980 ]] dollars ) , with one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society , reflected in full integration of workers in management of their workplace . results that invariably demonstrated that democratic
6 political processes is completed , and the government is governed by people for people , not by political parties in the name of people . josip broz tito was the most respected powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić
7 state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of nationalistic national identities , encouraged and financially supported by western countries , such as us , italy , australia and germany , among many others - including nato and secret services from so
10 and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the government stifled the public protest , which was led by defeated ustaše , known nazist collaborators during the wwii , and arrested incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , as many of them were infiltraed perpetrators ( as the exodus of " croatian "
12 crisis was the product of orchestrated disastrous errors by destructive infiltrated west - financed and supported elements in yugoslav governments in the 1970s , who borrowed vast amounts of western capital with an " explanation " that the money is in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . how convenient . the yugoslav government then accepted the
16 yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years . the state provided exceptional quality , particularly for western standards , free housing , health care , education , and child care . citizens lived well on a per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in [[ 1980 ]]
18 yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 - it served as an example of collective government for european community , which employed jugoslav rotational presidency principle for eu government as being supreme democratic principle ) . to a degree , important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee
20 . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of nationalistic identities , encouraged and financially supported by western countries , such as us , italy , australia and germany , among many others - including nato and secret services from so - called " democratic " countries , escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations hiding behind slogans about
23 was led by defeated ustaše , known nazist collaborators during the wwii , and arrested the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , as many of them were infiltraed perpetrators ( as the exodus of " croatian " communists " into the hdz later on so abundantly demonstrated ) so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces
24 = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war two ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational democratic state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and
25 usa ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of orchestrated disastrous errors by destructive infiltrated west - financed and supported elements in yugoslav governments in the 1970s , who borrowed vast amounts of western capital with an " explanation " that
27 and supported elements in yugoslav governments in the 1970s , who borrowed vast amounts of western capital with an " explanation " that the money is to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . how convenient . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf
32 communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , this time openly allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the final and obvious delight of the us . it was told many times wrongly that the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock
33 time openly allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the final and obvious delight of the us . it was told many times wrongly that the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal
35 in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration " . but then , that was to be expected after four decades of relentless criminal activities that had only one goal in sight . destruction of socialism because it was proving far better and superior to capitalism . the real and only creator of the " shock therapy " was another life - long and strong communist , as well as economics genius , [[ ante marković ]] , jugoslav prime minister in the late 80 ' s . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this
80314145 0 where serbs and croats live together , is captured for eternity . the movement was known as iliric movement , which grew steadilly , and gainded serious momentum in the late [[ 19th century . at that time the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , so hope for sovereignty of
3 slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . the choice was obvious for two reasons they chose london as their headquarters . england was blessed with its isolated position that protected it in times of wars many times , and it was fighting against habsburgs . = = = the yugoslav committee
5 inhabited by the serbs and already occupied by the serbian army . after much debate the national council agreed to unification with serbia , although its declaration stated that the final organisation organization of the state should be left to the future constituent assembly . the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party (
8 wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and increasingly frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nov , the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life
9 killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and increasingly frequent collaboration with italians and germans against the nov nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of
10 activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and increasingly frequent collaboration with italians and germans against the nov , the allies eventually switched to support the nov nla . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss
12 the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nov nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated
13 of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] was allowed by nov
19 = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the 17th . it was initiated by croat ( hrvatski ) writers and philosophers , as a respond to hundreds of years of torture suffered under austro - hungarian dictatorship . the words of natko nodilo , famous croatian writer from that period , can be still seen on the marble plaque in split , where his dream of a land where serbs and croats live together , is captured for eternity . the movement was known as iliric movement , which grew steadilly , and gainded serious momentum in the late 19th century . at that time the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , so hope for sovereignty
24 western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained , by the exiled prince and by the internal infighting for power betwen the fractions that wanted to fight nazis and others that wanted to join nazis to fight partizans , from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they
26 | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nov withdrew from trieste in [[ june ]] of the same year . westerner foolish attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to
80374705 0 = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 19th 17th century | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]]
80376751 2 themselves of tyranies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) but it really gained large momentum only at the end of the nineteenth century . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for
80382137 0 [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries . notably , the listed in the next paragraphs . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests , fueled and icited by external supporters of the break - up between the republics , had become irreconcilable . us , england , germany , austria , italy ( which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting
7 - up did not occur until the late spring of 1991 , but long before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from [[ bonn ]] for their efforts . germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost hundred billions of us dollars in the name of wwii reparations . it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first , when jugoslav president tito offered germany to repay the debt when it recovers from the repaying other countries , and then when germans realised that if jugoslavia disappears , germany could finance , otherwise disastrous , re - unification with east germany . if jugoslavia did not breakup , germany would not have been able to finance its own re - union . there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up
9 the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of " shock therapy " on the country as a whole via the imf . as they always did , they kept the posture of trying to help , when in the background , through their vasals , us was pushing hard for the breakup , looking greedily at real estate and strategic positions around the country , along the long ago proposed highway to turkey . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to
10 up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many so - called " experts " would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the [[ 1974 ]] constitution , though better for the
11 , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . nothing could have been further from the truth , as the stellar growth and rapid industrialisation have demonstrated . so external enemies had to play through the system in ord to destabilise the country and make it look like it was crumbling under its own problems . economy and the political system , being socialist one , were the great excuses for imperialist capitalism . the [[ 1974 ]] constitution , though better for the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and
12 - 1989 : autonomy ]] < / ref > ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to ever increasing violence of albanians against serbian population , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]]
13 majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the two million total population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners {{ fact }} , and initial
22 to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] triumphantly , to delight of the countries and enemies of jugoslavia that worked so hard towards its destuction , declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various
24 may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries . notably , the us , england , germany , austria , italy ( which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way
26 in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . the collapse of yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in [[ 1990 ]] - [[ 1991 ]] is a complex matter . but without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration of yugoslavia . the fundamental cause of the yugoslav collapse was an economic crisis . this was then used by social groups in yugoslavia and in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . some [[ europe | european ]] governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ central europe | central ]] [[ europe ]] at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states
80382376 0 [[ 17th century | 17th ]] . it was a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who realised that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedon freedom was to unite and free themselves of tyranies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and
80539975 0 that will eventually help the final destruction of modern jugoslavija in 1990 , along with incessant attacks of imperialist forces from the west , led by us and their faithful , servile obedient allies . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes =
80540551 3 . the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation , in order to grab as much land for future hrvatska ( croatia ) as possible , disregarding the actual mak - up of people living in these territories . the elections for the constituent assembly in [[ november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main serbian parties . [[ communism | communists ]] came third and
80541289 4 following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla nov , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of
5 germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nla nov . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss
8 the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nla nov organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated
80541881 0 of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nla nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[
3 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over continued on through hungary in pursuit of withdrawing german forces . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian
6 led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in the first free post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article :
80542773 1 affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions " socialism " and begun rebuilding the country on principles of democratic marxist socialism . that , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and
2 country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , to the surprise in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace
4 = = = the economy = = = although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism and open economy . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s
9 in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace which came with socialist and marxist structure of the society . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91
80544003 1 . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities , escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations , supported heavilly by
3 in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations , supported heavilly by the west , for " greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the regime stifled the public destabilising and unfounded protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party , already corrupted and secretly financially supported by imperialist governments from the west , silently supported this
80546176 0 [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some elements in the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslim ]] - population to bolster their rule . there has been one external structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the [[ soviet union | ussr ]] and the [[ united states
1 . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . as jugoslavia was the last country in the world germans had yet to repay for the damages made during the occupation in the wwii , capitalist governments in the west , concerned with growing success of jugoslav democratic socialism , offered these funds under supposedly " favourable " conditions . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s
3 then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups , already created and groomed for years by infiltrated spies and agents ( usually domestic traitors ) emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]]
5 , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration " that resulted in a dissolution in horrific war that followed . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this
7 | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party economy and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where the links between yugoslav
8 of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest , due to the enormous influx of " refugees " from albania , and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image
12 would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many so - called " economic experts " in the west would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians
80546909 4 following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nov nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . nazi occupation and ethnic cleansing by ustaše in croatia and bosnia ,
5 germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nov , the allies eventually switched to support the nov nla . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . nazi occupation and ethnic cleansing by ustaše in croatia and bosnia , led to great civilian loss of life in most
8 the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nov nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated
9 of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . nov allowed [[ red army ]] to enter jugoslavia
12 in [[ 1945 ]] . nov allowed [[ red army ]] to enter jugoslavia through romania and aid in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but continued on through hungary in pursuit of withdrawing german forces withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian
18 the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia refused russian model of " socialism " and begun rebuilding the country on principles of democratic marxist socialism . that capitalist incursions , to the surprise in the west , did mean pluralism and open economy . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s
25 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations , supported heavilly by the west , for " greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the government regime stifled the destabilising and unfounded protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party , already corrupted and secretly financially supported by imperialist governments from the
28 capitalist restoration " that resulted in a dissolution in horrific war that followed . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the society : the socialist link between the economy communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where the links between yugoslav
30 were more hesitant . they feared that serbia would simply annex the former habsburg territories where there was serbian population present , but the territory was percieved to be theirs . this fear was strongest in croatian political circles , as large parts of what they thought to be hrvatska ( croatia , as commonly albeit incorrectly called abroad ) was home to a large serbian population . the national council ' s authority was limited and the italians were moving to take more territory than they had been alloted in an agreement with the yugoslav committee . political
34 [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a large party claiming to endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation , in order to grab as much land for future hrvatska ( croatia ) as possible , disregarding the actual mak - up of people living in these territories . the elections for the constituent assembly in [[ november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main serbian parties . jugoslavia - oriented [[ communism | communists ]]
38 šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in the first free post - war elections independent and established [[ communism | communist ]] republic , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[
41 refused russian model of " socialism " and begun rebuilding the country on principles of democratic marxist socialism . that , to the surprise in the west , did mean pluralism and open economy . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise , as it allowed infiltration of western spies and agents , posing as
42 to the surprise in the west , did mean pluralism and open economy . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise , as it allowed infiltration of western spies and agents , posing as businessmen , into the economic millieu of the country and ignite the corruption , both political and economic . however , it was a long and slow process which did allow yugoslavia to enjoy stability and peace which came with socialist and marxist structure of the society . throughout
44 of the country and ignite the corruption , both political and economic . however , it was a long and slow process which did allow yugoslavia to enjoy stability and peace which came with socialist and marxist structure of the society . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91
47 [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . what was loudly denounced by capitalist countries as the suppression of national identities , escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations , supported heavilly by
52 [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some elements in the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslim ]] - population to bolster their rule . there has been one external structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the [[ soviet union | ussr ]] and the [[ united states
53 . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . as jugoslavia was the last country in the world germans had yet to repay for the damages made during the occupation in the wwii , capitalist governments in the west , concerned with growing success of jugoslav democratic socialism , offered these funds under supposedly " favourable " conditions . western economies then entered recession , which was probably hastened to serve the purpose as well - capitalism has to have recessions , in order to rebuild destroyed internal economies as
55 then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups , already created and groomed for years by infiltrated spies and agents ( usually domestic traitors ) emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]]
57 in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration " that resulted in a dissolution in horrific war that followed . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the society : the socialist link between the economy and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied
58 of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest , due to the enormous influx of " refugees " from albania , and where the , then inevitable , economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with [[ albania
62 would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many so - called " economic experts " in the west would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation , looking really for a justification for their own unsuccesful capitalist
80576110 3 following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla nvo , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of
4 germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nla nvo . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss
7 the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nla nvo organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated
80967043 1 substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of italians lived in the coastal cities , compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . ]] although
80967174 0 of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nla nvo was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[
80967399 0 , the allies eventually switched to support the nvo . however , nvo carried on its guerrilla warfare . germans . italians , ustaše and četnici joined their forces against the nvoand nvo and that led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by
81382855 0 fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . hello = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] ,
81385999 0 fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . hello = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] ,
81568143 1 pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the nineteenth 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire
82799705 8 , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration " . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this
9 of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest due to continuous influx of albanian " refugees " from accross the border and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image
12 yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]]
82813167 6 yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration , in [[ 1984 ]] , had supported imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock _ therapy
11 would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many of those west - leaning groups in the government and commujnist alliance , were effectively us - paid spies working tirelessly on spreading confusion and making disastrous decisions would argue that had led to the collapse of the system eventually . then , the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to all republics
12 west - leaning groups in the government and commujnist alliance , were effectively us - paid spies working tirelessly on spreading confusion and making disastrous decisions that had led to the collapse of the system eventually decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . then , the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to all republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the
16 [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist " restoration " . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this
17 of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest due to continuous influx of albanian " refugees " from accross the border and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image
18 , many of those west - leaning groups in the government and commujnist alliance , were effectively us - paid spies working tirelessly on spreading confusion and making disastrous decisions that had led to the collapse of the system eventually . then , the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to all republics , whilst dampening the
83007509 0 a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] . it was a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who realised realized that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom was to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they
83667331 12 for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nvo , the allies eventually switched to support the nvo . however , nvo carried on its guerrilla
83862003 5 ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three separate political entities that existed on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of the [[ south slavs ]]
11 ]] by king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 and capitulated eleven days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state
20 it existed under various names . proclaimed as the ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' in [[ 1943 ]] . it changed its name to the ' ' " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' in [[ 1946 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] it would again change its name to the ' '
31 republics of sfry led to the formation of a federation named the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) in 1992 on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] .
39 a term used for the three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of the [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] '
45 originally formed as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only
47 of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945
83862592 0 the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] . it was a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers
2 a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] . it was a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who realized believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom was to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they
3 century | 17th century ]] . it was a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who realized that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom was after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered
4 of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who realized that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom was to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large
84299894 7 ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger weaker and weaker and ever - weaker . during the early period of the world war i ( which started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]]
84305972 2 ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became weaker and weaker and ever - weaker stronger . during the early period of the world war i ( which started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]]
84481043 0 situation . nothing could have been further from the truth , as the stellar growth and rapid industrialisation have demonstrated . so external enemies had to play through the system in ord order to destabilise the country and make it look like it was crumbling under its own problems . economy and the political system , being socialist one , were the great excuses
84576496 0 , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks ' terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nvo nov . however , nvo carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]]
2 the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nvo nov organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated
84576667 0 of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nvo nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[
86303859 0 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of herbs serbs , coats and sleeveless " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]]
1 [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of herbs , coats croats and sleeveless " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it
2 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of herbs , coats and sleeveless slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded
86957387 1 right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . ]] although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , [[ bačka ]] and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared hghyhghghgfeared a carve - up of croat lands between serbia and italy . there were also quarrels about the designation and command of units of south slav pows in russia now being
86957428 1 right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . ]] although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all hghyhghghgfeared [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , [[ bačka ]] and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared a carve - up of croat lands between serbia and italy . there were also quarrels about the designation and command of units of south slav pows in russia now being
87450359 3 free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman
4 ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . during the early period of the world war i ( which started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] cousin 20 removed , and it began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to
6 ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature cell 1 | row 1 , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them increasingly seriously , especially as the fate
7 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments cell 2 | row 1 , which began to take them increasingly seriously , especially as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim
9 because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them increasingly seriously , especially as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) cell 1 | row 2 , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] , which was a very real concern . in [[ 1915 ]]
87450897 6 of rows and even fist - fights in parliament , [[ puniša račić ]] , a [[ montenegrins | montenegrin ]] serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats croutons and wounded three others , including [[ stjepan radić ]] ( founder of the croatian peasant party ) , who eventually died . račić gave himself up and was convicted for
87452403 6 the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ this is the only reliable information on this page . yuogoslavia is my favorite place . in a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea in there you can have rotten egg battles with your mother , cousin , uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd
9 , cousin , uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger 19th cousin 20 removed , and your momclass = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1
19 of rows and even fist - fights in parliament , [[ puniša račić ]] , a [[ montenegrins | montenegrin ]] serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croutons croats and wounded three others in this famous salad battle of 1987 . many people died , including the tomatos and celery . including [[ stjepan radić ]] ( founder of the
23 _ this is the only reliable information on this page . yuogoslavia is my favorite place . in there you can have rotten egg battles with your mother , cousin , uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th cousin 20 removed , and your momclass = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1
24 , cousin , uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th cousin 20 removed , and your momclass = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | row 1 ,
27 - fights in parliament , [[ puniša račić ]] , a [[ montenegrins | montenegrin ]] serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croutons and wounded three others in this famous salad battle of 1987 . many people died , including the tomatos and celery . including [[ stjepan radić ]] ( founder of the croatian peasant party ) , who eventually died . račić gave himself up and was
87596151 0 that serbia would simply annex the former habsburg territories . the national council ' s authority was limited and the italians were moving to take more territory than they had been alloted allotted in an agreement with the yugoslav committee . political opinion was divided and serbian ministers said that if croats insisted on their own republic or sort of independence , then serbia
87847188 4 # 00fe00 | brčko district }} {{ legend | # c00000 | kosovo }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4th 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries , listed
5 from [[ bonn ]] for their efforts . germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost hundred billions of us dollars in the name of wwii world war ii reparations . it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first , when jugoslav president tito offered germany to repay the debt when it recovers from the
9 [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three separate political entities that existed on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ;
10 " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three separate political entities that existed on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] ,
18 background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century ]] , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation
21 ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . ! header 2 during the early period of the world war i ( which started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands
34 aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in [[ europe ]] and pursue a more active international policy . yugoslavia was an obstacle for these plans and king aleksandar i was the pillar of the yugoslav policy . alexander attempted
35 . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in [[ europe ]] and pursue a more active international policy . yugoslavia was an obstacle for these plans and king aleksandar i was the pillar of the yugoslav policy . alexander attempted to create
38 , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . [[ image : tito . jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of [[ 1942 ]] ]] on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko
50 ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = {{ main | economy of the socialist federal
52 of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an
53 . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life
54 openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of
55 western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years
62 and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally ,
68 prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics
69 imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) |
74 wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ central europe | central ]] [[ europe ]] at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side
75 break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ central europe | central ]] [[ europe ]] at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a
88735288 0 the republics , had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . the collapse of yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in 1990 - 1991 is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration of yugoslavia . the fundamental cause of the yugoslav collapse was not an economic crisis . this was barely a pretext used by social groups in yugoslavia and their tutors in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration " which inevitably led to disastrous war and hundreds of thousands of innocent people being murdered in order to save the face of dying and collapsing capitalism . many [[ europe | european ]] governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ central europe | central ]] europe at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states eager to gain " independence " for [[ slovenia ]] and [[ croatia ]] ; on the other side was the [[ united states ]] , eager only to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and " globalised " its political economy through " shock therapy " in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . whether decimated or not . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , us , more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 - 90 the vatican was openly championing independence for slovenia and croatia . {{ fact }} the real goal of austrian policy was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " ' ' saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion ' ' " . in the summer of 1991 the [[ european council ]] was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did not stop austrian efforts . the [[ hungary | hungarian ]] government of [[ józsef antall ]] , elected in the spring of 1990 , adopted a policy very much in line with that of austria , but with additional hungarian goals [[ vis - à - vis ]] serbia ' s [[ vojvodina ]] province . {{ fact }} these manoeuvres by austria and hungary to break up yugoslavia were , of course , then overshadowed by the [[ germany | german ]] government ' s drive to derecognise yugoslavia through giving recognition to slovenia and croatia . the german government ' s open championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did not occur until the late spring of 1991 , but long before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from [[ bonn ]] for their efforts . germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost hundred billions of us dollars in the name of world war ii reparations . it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first , when jugoslav president tito offered germany to repay the debt when it recovers from the repaying other countries , and then when germans realised that if jugoslavia disappears , germany could finance , otherwise disastrous , re - unification with east germany . if jugoslavia did not breakup , germany would not have been able to finance its own re - union . there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . {{ fact }} this campaign on the surface , was not supported by the united states , which championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of " shock therapy " on the country as a whole via the imf . as they always did , they kept the posture of trying to help , when in the background , through their vasals , us was pushing hard for the breakup , looking greedily at real estate and strategic positions around the country , along the long ago proposed highway to turkey . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many so - called " experts " would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . nothing could have been further from the truth , as the stellar growth and rapid industrialisation have demonstrated . so external enemies had to play through the system in order to destabilise the country and make it look like it was crumbling under its own problems . economy and the political system , being socialist one , were the great excuses for imperialist capitalism . the 1974 constitution , though better for the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . in 1990 - 1991 , then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in
88737083 0 the republics , had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . the collapse of yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in 1990 - 1991 is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration of yugoslavia . the fundamental cause of the yugoslav collapse was not an economic crisis . this was barely a pretext used by social groups in yugoslavia and their tutors in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration " which inevitably led to disastrous war and hundreds of thousands of innocent people being murdered in order to save the face of dying and collapsing capitalism . many [[ europe | european ]] governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ central europe | central ]] europe at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states eager to gain " independence " for [[ slovenia ]] and [[ croatia ]] ; on the other side was the [[ united states ]] , eager only to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and " globalised " its political economy through " shock therapy " in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . whether decimated or not . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , us , more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 - 90 the vatican was openly championing independence for slovenia and croatia . {{ fact }} the real goal of austrian policy was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " ' ' saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion ' ' " . in the summer of 1991 the [[ european council ]] was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did not stop austrian efforts . the [[ hungary | hungarian ]] government of [[ józsef antall ]] , elected in the spring of 1990 , adopted a policy very much in line with that of austria , but with additional hungarian goals [[ vis - à - vis ]] serbia ' s [[ vojvodina ]] province . {{ fact }} these manoeuvres by austria and hungary to break up yugoslavia were , of course , then overshadowed by the [[ germany | german ]] government ' s drive to derecognise yugoslavia through giving recognition to slovenia and croatia . the german government ' s open championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did not occur until the late spring of 1991 , but long before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from [[ bonn ]] for their efforts . germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost hundred billions of us dollars in the name of world war ii reparations . it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first , when jugoslav president tito offered germany to repay the debt when it recovers from the repaying other countries , and then when germans realised that if jugoslavia disappears , germany could finance , otherwise disastrous , re - unification with east germany . if jugoslavia did not breakup , germany would not have been able to finance its own re - union . there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . {{ fact }} this campaign on the surface , was not supported by the united states , which championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of " shock therapy " on the country as a whole via the imf . as they always did , they kept the posture of trying to help , when in the background , through their vasals , us was pushing hard for the breakup , looking greedily at real estate and strategic positions around the country , along the long ago proposed highway to turkey . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many so - called " experts " would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . nothing could have been further from the truth , as the stellar growth and rapid industrialisation have demonstrated . so external enemies had to play through the system in order to destabilise the country and make it look like it was crumbling under its own problems . economy and the political system , being socialist one , were the great excuses for imperialist capitalism . the 1974 constitution , though better for the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . in 1990 - 1991 , then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in
88862620 0 their efforts . germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost hundred billions of us dollars in the name of world war ii reparations . {{ fact }} it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first , when jugoslav president tito offered germany to repay the debt when it recovers from the repaying other
89136398 1 independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who
89668748 0 ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three separate political entities that existed on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april
89768655 1 up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , us , ]] and more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern
3 us , more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in seeking independence for [[ padania | northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates
4 ambivalently , [[ italy ]] which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , ]] . through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia ,
5 identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia yugoslavia attracted attention from countries such as the [[ uk ]] , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins ,
16 neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested [[ mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild
17 jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . ]] . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 -
90076309 2 dictatorship = = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king aleksandar i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]]
3 king aleksandar i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became the absolute ruler in the [[ soviet union ]] . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . yugoslavia was an obstacle for these plans and king aleksandar i was the pillar of the yugoslav policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov |
90079596 4 | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = jew country . serbia rules he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov
91264744 0 future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . = = = the unification of south slavs slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] .
91722148 0 before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from [[ bonn ]] for their efforts . germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost a hundred billions of us dollars in the name of world war ii reparations . {{ fact }} it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first ,
1 that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from [[ bonn ]] for their efforts . germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost hundred billions of billion us dollars in the name of world war ii reparations . {{ fact }} it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first , when jugoslav president
91986037 2 congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger gained momentum . during the early period of the world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[
3 , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london , where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . = = =
7 the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them increasingly more seriously , especially as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south
10 italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] , which was a very real concern . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with a promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively substantial numbers of
12 of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively substantial numbers of italians lived living in the coastal cities , compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies
15 = = = however , during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid the foundation of the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by
16 = = however , during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation of for the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings
20 vested its sovereignty in the new [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state abroad . however , quarrels broke out immediately about the terms of the proposed union with serbia . svetozar pribićević , a croatian serb , a leader of the croatian - serbian coalition and vice
28 these plans and king aleksandar i was the pillar of the yugoslav policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect
29 politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov |
34 south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . during the early period of the world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović
38 . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them increasingly seriously , especially as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with
39 make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them increasingly seriously , especially as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern
44 and [[ germany ]] , [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became the absolute ruler in the [[ soviet union ]] . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i
46 wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . yugoslavia was an obstacle for these plans and king aleksandar i was the pillar of the yugoslav policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were
47 surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ imro ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] ,
92351974 0 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = yeah = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas so . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them more seriously
1 officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them more seriously as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] became more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate
2 to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them more seriously as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] became more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with a promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]]
92473164 1 and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state wikipedia = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who
92486964 1 and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = yugoslavia = = = = = wikipedia southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who
92889222 0 * http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic
93812800 0 of the countries and enemies of jugoslavia that worked so hard towards its destuction , declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . he had a huge cock . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[
93812847 0 of the countries and enemies of jugoslavia that worked so hard towards its destuction , declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . he had a huge cock . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[
93813165 0 by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . hitler had a huge cock . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led
93838392 0 by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . hitler had a huge cock . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led
93924283 6 : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia jugoszlávia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]]
94134661 3 ]] ; [[ kosova ]] in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ united nations | un ]] from [[ 1999 ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in
94615243 0 june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid the foundation for the post - war state w te was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by
94641936 0 june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid the foundation for the post - w te war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by
95097441 1 and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs slaves of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor
95139561 2 from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent and respect the south slaves slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor
3 stojanović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent and respect the south slaves of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( '
95350346 0 now the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state , it ' s and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most present - day independent states yugonostalgic sentiments are considered improper . = = miscellaneous =
95417797 0 the republics , had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . the collapse of yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in 1990 - 1991 is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration of yugoslavia . the fundamental cause of the yugoslav collapse was not an economic crisis . this was barely a pretext used by social groups in yugoslavia and their tutors in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration " which inevitably led to disastrous war and hundreds of thousands of innocent people being murdered in order to save the face of dying and collapsing capitalism . many [[ europe | european ]] governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ central europe | central ]] europe at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states eager to gain " independence " for [[ slovenia ]] and [[ croatia ]] ; on the other side was the [[ united states ]] , eager only to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and " globalised " its political economy through " shock therapy " in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . whether decimated or not . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , the [[ us ]] and more ambivalently [[ italy ]] . italy which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments seeking independence for [[ padania | northern italy ]] . through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring yugoslavia attracted attention from countries such as the [[ uk ]] , [[ the netherlands ]] , [[ albania ]] and even such distant countries as [[ australia ]] , [[ saudi - arabia ]] , [[ libya ]] , and [[ al - qaida ]] ' s afghan - tested [[ mujaheedins ]] . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 - 90 the vatican was openly championing independence for slovenia and croatia . {{ fact }} the real goal of austrian policy was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " ' ' saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion ' ' " . in the summer of 1991 the [[ european council ]] was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded
98746734 1 republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests , fueled and icited by external supporters of the break - up between the republics , had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . in the summer
3 the republics , had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . in the summer of 1991 the [[ european council ]] was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did not stop austrian efforts . the [[ hungary | hungarian ]] government of [[ józsef antall ]] , elected in the spring of 1990 , adopted a policy very much in line with that of austria , but with additional hungarian goals [[ vis - à - vis ]] serbia ' s [[ vojvodina ]] province . {{ fact }} these manoeuvres by austria and hungary to break up yugoslavia were , of course , then overshadowed by the [[ germany | german ]] government ' s drive to derecognise yugoslavia through giving recognition to slovenia and croatia . the german government ' s open championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did not occur until the late spring of 1991 , but long before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from [[ bonn ]] for their efforts . germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost a hundred billion us dollars in the name of world war ii reparations . {{ fact }} it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first , when jugoslav president tito offered germany to repay the debt when it recovers from the repaying other countries , and then when germans realised that if jugoslavia disappears , germany could finance , otherwise disastrous , re - unification with east germany . if jugoslavia did not breakup , germany would not have been able to finance its own re - union . {{ fact }} there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . {{ fact }} this campaign on the surface , was not supported by the united states , which championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of " shock therapy " on the country as a whole via the imf . as they always did , they kept the posture of trying to help , when in the background , through their vasals , us was pushing hard for the breakup , looking greedily at real estate and strategic positions around the country , along the long ago proposed highway to turkey . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many so - called " experts " would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . nothing could have been further from the truth , as the stellar growth and rapid industrialisation have demonstrated . so external enemies had to play through the system in order to destabilise the country and make it look like it was crumbling under its own problems . economy and the political system , being socialist one , were the great excuses for imperialist capitalism . the 1974 constitution , though better for the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . in 1990 - 1991 , then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people
9 bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] triumphantly , to delight of the countries and enemies of jugoslavia that worked so hard towards its destuction , declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[
98951763 0 as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within the federation . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous
98954754 3 : autonomy ]] < / ref > ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to the ever increasing violence of albanians against serbian population , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . far cry from the days
4 was falling fast due to ever increasing violence of albanians against serbian population , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . this was a far cry from the days when it was the other way around , not even hundred years ago . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan
5 , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . far cry from the days when it was the other way around , not even less than a hundred years ago . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners {{ fact }} ,
19 was ordered by the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the most time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on
99751122 0 over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes italians ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the
102647538 1 acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . these states are signatiories of various partnership agreements with the european union . from [[ january 1 ]] [[ 2007 ]] they will be have been encircled by member - states of eu . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties
102669832 0 an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . = = = the independent state of croatia = = = {{ main | independent state of croatia }} [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of
103170444 0 the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century centurydadum dumdumdum . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]]
103170809 0 the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th centurydadum dumdumdum century . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]]
103885949 1 joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy .
104541133 2 ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980s , < ref > [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy ]] < / ref > ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo
105888134 0 and society . = = = population = = = the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 15 , 000 , 000 million . = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league
106563175 0 slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created the their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region
106610897 0 , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . i will eat your shit ! u fuck my mother ! don ' t look at me like that ! suck my tits ! - borat ! = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] ,
106612083 0 , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . i will eat your shit ! u fuck my mother ! don ' t look at me like that ! suck my tits ! - borat ! borat - " i could not understand this old man was saying " all i could think of was this cj in her red water underpanties " fuck you motherfuckers ! ! - uzbeckisthan - so you are saying , the guys who tried to put a rubber fist in my anus was homosexual ? - the next morning i had a meeting with a man who has a genuine chocolate face . no make up ! - this is my neighbour - ulthukshan thuliyakbai - he is pain in my assholes ! i buy a windo from a glass , he must buy a window from a glass . i buy a step , he must buy a step . i buy a clock radio , he cannot afford ! ! great success ! . . . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] ,
107220473 3 conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within the federation , albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people
5 burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia had been dispossessed of its attributes of statehood kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the new 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the
15 denounced as the revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which
19 of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to several reasons , among them being the ever increasing violence of albanians against serbian population , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . this was a far
20 the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to the ever increasing violence of albanians against serbian population ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . this was a far cry from the days when it was the other
21 falling fast due to the ever increasing violence of albanians against serbian population , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . this was less than a far cry from the days when it was the other way around , less than a hundred years before . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[
34 sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming they got more and more involved in state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from
43 surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed on upon . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium
45 was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their illegal independence declarations . during these three
54 fact | date = february 2007 }} , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was ordered by the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress
57 on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia .
60 agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their illegal independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke
107864960 1 reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican republic ' s government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member
5 77 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast faster due to several reasons , among them being the ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population .
6 fast due to several reasons , among them being the ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population of the province . less than a hundred years before , it was the other way around . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[
7 presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . initial strikes later turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s
13 running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia council in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[
107899114 2 and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republic ' s republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member
3 77 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian
4 the majority . the [[ serbs ]] were leaving kosovo for about a century , mostly they moved north for economic reasons . but now , their numbers were falling even faster the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population of the province . less than a hundred
13 ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) , which was in the hands of ethnic serbs and montenegrins , met with the presidency council of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[
26 77 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the [[ serbs ]] were leaving kosovo for about a century , mostly they moved north for economic reasons . but now , their numbers were falling even faster due to ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population of the province . less than
27 now , their numbers were falling even faster due to ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population of the province . less than a hundred years before , it was the other way around . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[
28 presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . initial strikes later turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s
107938591 20 living in the coastal cities surrounded by slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . ]] although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non -
22 decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during
29 . = = = breakup = = = {{ unreferenced | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ may 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist
54 }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be
108237434 0 , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . penis ! ! ! = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] ,
108247729 0 , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . penis ! ! ! = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] ,
109375448 0 and society . = = = population = = = the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 it was 15 , 200 , 000 million . = = = the government = = = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so that they could get free porn . . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic
4 [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . well the people sucked dick to get liberated and fuckin fucked 24 hours a day so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the [[ nazis ]] made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use [[ croatia | croatian ]] [[ fascism ]] for barbarous acts against the serbs and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some elements in the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslim ]] population - to bolster their rule . there has been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the [[ soviet union | ussr ]] and the [[ united states | usa ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in 1984 , had adopted a " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in 1981 , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image : ante marković . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ ante marković ]] ]] in 1989 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the 1989 financial operations act which required that if an enterprise was insolvent for 30 days running , or for 30 days within a 45 day period , it had to settle with its creditors either by giving them ownership or by being liquidated , in which case workers would be sacked , normally without severance payments . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of 1990 directly following the adoption of the imf programme , another 889 enterprises with a combined work - force of 525 , 000 workers suffered the same fate . in other words , in less than two years " the trigger mechanism " ( under the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . a further 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the yugoslav tragedy . in the spring of 1990 , marković was by far the most popular politician , not only in yugoslavia as a whole , but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to rally the population for yugoslavism against the particularist nationalisms of [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] in [[ serbia ]] or [[ franjo tuđman | tuđman ]] in [[ croatia ]] and he should have been able to count on the obedience of the armed forces . he was supported by 83 % of the population in croatia , by 81 % in serbia and by 59 % in slovenia and by 79 % in yugoslavia as a whole . this level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in [[ slovenia ]] and croatia to their electorates involved offering to repudiate the marković - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and " join europe " . the appeal of milošević in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . these [[ nationalism | nationalist ]] appeals were ultimately successful : in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . the newly elected regional government then turned their efforts to the break - up of the country . they were aided by the us government ' s stance of sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with the " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme . indeed , it is likely that the internal dynamics towards yugoslav collapse into civil war may have been inadvertently accelerated by the actions of the [[ george h . w . bush | bush ]] administration . the few european states with strategic interests in the yugoslav theatre tended to favour fragmentation . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to the republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ unreferenced | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and even vojvodina and kosovo , provinces in serbia . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to several reasons , among them being the ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . less than a hundred years before , it was the other way around . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon the illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they could get free porn . . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of
5 | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . well the people sucked dick to get liberated and fuckin fucked 24 hours a day so that they could get free porn were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro
112622292 0 century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] various empires would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians
115312596 0 , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . hi my name is bob = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] ,
115313242 0 , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . hi my name is bob = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] ,
115465480 0 - states of eu . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and long history of common life have left many ties between the peoples of the new states , even though the state policies of the new states
1 ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties between the peoples of the new states , even though the state policies of the new states favours differentiation , particularly in
2 european union ]] ' ' . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = similarity of the languages and long history of common life have left many ties between among the peoples of the new states , even though the state policies of the new states favours differentiation , particularly in the language area . once the [[ serbo - croatian
4 similarity of the languages and long history of common life have left many ties between the peoples of the new states , even though the state policies of the new states favours favour differentiation , particularly in the language area . once the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several literary and spoken variants and was also
6 though the state policies of the new states favours differentiation , particularly in the language area . once the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and was also the lingua - franca where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[
7 states favours differentiation , particularly in the language area . once the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several literary and spoken variants and also was also the lingua - franca where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now separate standards
8 the language area . once the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several literary and spoken variants and was also the lingua - franca used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]]
10 bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ serbian language ]] and to some extent also the [[ montenegrin language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first - generation offspring of such marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of
11 language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ serbian language ]] and to some extent also the [[ montenegrin language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first generation offspring children of such marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages
12 language ]] , [[ serbian language ]] and to some extent also the [[ montenegrin language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first generation offspring of such marriages have difficulties difficulty with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up
16 of such marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages has have either to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred
17 marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up assume the ethnic identity of one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy
18 a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare him - or herself as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most present -
19 determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare as undecided . remembrance of the times time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most present - day independent states yugonostalgic sentiments are considered
21 long history of common life have left many ties between the peoples of the new states , even though the state policies of the new states favours differentiation , particularly in the language area . once the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several literary and spoken variants and was also the lingua - franca where
22 of common life have left many ties between the peoples of the new states , even though the state policies of the new states favours differentiation , particularly in the language area . once the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several literary and spoken variants and was also the lingua - franca where other languages
23 favours differentiation , particularly in the language area . once the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several literary and spoken variants and was also the lingua - franca where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now separate standards exist for
25 and to some extent also the [[ montenegrin language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first generation offspring of such marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities
26 ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija
27 this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most
115469794 0 macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ serbian language ]] and the [[ montenegrin serbian language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first - generation children of such marriages have difficulty with ethnic identification . this gave rise to the statistical category of yugoslav
2 the statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now , the children of mixed marriages have either to assume the ethnic identity of one parent or declare him - or herself as undecided . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most
115537912 0 camps for anti - fascists , communists , serbs , gypsies and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps , most of whom were serbs . according to mile budak , croatia planned to kill a third of serbs , convert a third to catholicism
2 camps , most of whom were serbs . according to mile budak , croatia planned to kill a third of serbs , convert a third to catholicism , and ethnically cleanse ( expel ) the last third . = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance
3 , communists , serbs , gypsies and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children were executed in these camps , most of whom were serbs . according to mile budak , croatia planned to kill a third of serbs , convert a third to catholicism , and ethnically cleanse the last third . = = =
115750122 0 army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were they soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded
2 chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population collaborate with nazis . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks
5 actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and
115837604 2 into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but they were soon started to collaborate with nazis . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . however , nov carried
3 largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but they soon started restrained from taking wider actions due to collaborate with nazis . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . however , nov carried on its
4 army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but they soon started to collaborate with nazis german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the
5 ]] , but they soon started to collaborate with nazis . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and
116050929 0 of government and society . = = = population = = = the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 million . after it broke in 1990 it was 15 . 2 152 million . = = = the government = = = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to
232995617 0 herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ) image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image :
1 image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is in dispute ]] ) image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of
234144443 0 ten - day war ]] . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within the next 48 hours . however , because of the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts that the federation is under attack by foreign forces , and the fact that the
1 in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , because of the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts that the federation is was under attack by foreign forces , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on the ground where they served their conscription ,
234866478 0 to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * cigar , norman , : ' ' genocide in bosina bosnia : the policy of ethnic - cleansing ' ' . college station : texas a & m university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken
237605005 2 this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal federative people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia
237910349 2 this name was the democratic federative yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federative federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federative republic of yugoslavia
241009598 0 federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia yugoslaviafudge . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language
1 century ]] . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known fudheknown as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . it was established on [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] by the union of the [[ state of slovenes
241009636 0 federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslaviafudge yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language
1 century ]] . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was fudheknown known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . it was established on [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] by the union of the [[ state of slovenes
241638823 2 , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly aid and support . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] ,
4 into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , while cooperating with the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed
5 the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating drawn into combat with the partisans , while cooperating with the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist
6 royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , while cooperating with the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by before the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed
9 , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying american forces we the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . fyr of macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since [[ january 1 ]] , [[ 2007 ]] , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ slovenia ]] < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 177007031 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * cigar , norman , : ' ' genocide in bosnia : the policy of ethnic - cleansing ' ' . college station : texas a & m university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia ' ' , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : saqi , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' [[ history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 - 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . new york : penguin books , 1997 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west went wrong " ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ga : an iúgslaiv ]] [[ gl : iugoslavia - југославија ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : juhosłowjanska ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ jv : yugoslavia ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ mr : युगोस्लाव्हिया ]] [[ ms : yugoslavia ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ nn : jugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ qu : yuguslawya ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ simple : yugoslavia ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ sh : jugoslavija ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] lololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololol
242047088 0 [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] lololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololololol ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " or " land of [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . it was established on [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent socialist republics that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ sap kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr slovenia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on [[ march 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] . it was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining ( non - secessionist ) republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . during the early period of [[ world war i ]] , a number of prominent political figures from south slavic lands under the [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] fled to [[ london ]] , where they began work on forming the [[ yugoslav committee ]] to represent the southern slavs of austria - hungary . these yugoslavs were citizens who identified themselves with the movement toward a single yugoslav or south slavic state and the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the south slav lands with the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which was independent although occupied at the time ) . with the defeat of the [[ central powers ]] in world war i and the collapse of the austro - hungarian empire , various south slavic territories were quickly grouped together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] . the new kingdom was made up of the formerly independent kingdoms of serbia and [[ kingdom of montenegro | montenegro ]] ( which had unified in the previous month ) , as well as a substantial amount of territory that was formerly part of [[ austria - hungary ]] , the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . the lands previously in austria - hungary that formed the new state included [[ croatia ]] , [[ slavonia ]] and [[ vojvodina ]] from the [[ hungary | hungarian ]] part of the empire , [[ carniola ]] , part of [[ styria ( duchy ) | styria ]] and most of [[ dalmatia ]] from the [[ cisleithania | austrian ]] part , and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 250px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other [[ europe ]] an powers stemming from developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization . alexsandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vlatko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia | croatian banovina ]] ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ image : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović | stjepan " stevo " filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) seconds before plunging to his death . ]] {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi italians ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and [[ hungary | hungarian ]] forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] [[ puppet state ]] , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . one such camp was the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . a large number of men , women and children , jews , serbs , and croat resistance members , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a croatian national . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , while cooperating with the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces we the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six socialist republics , a socialist autonomous province , and a socialist autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : # [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] and metohija , with the capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro , were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo - metohija ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] celebration . ]] on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustashe ]] which committed genocide against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs . while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created in ethnic albanian - majority populated [[ kosovo ]] and the mixed - populated [[ vojvodina ]] . these autonomous provinces held the same voting power as the republics but unlike the republics , they could not legally separate from yugoslavia . this concession satisfied croatia and slovenia , but in serbia and in the new autonomous province of kosovo , reaction was different . serbs saw the new constitution as conceding to croat and ethnic albanian nationalists . ethnic albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeoprodizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in 1984 , had adopted a " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . in 1989 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the 1989 financial operations act which required that if an enterprise was insolvent for 30 days running , or for 30 days within a 45 day period , it had to settle with its creditors either by giving them ownership or by being liquidated , in which case workers would be sacked , normally without severance payments . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of 1990 directly following the adoption of the imf programme , another 889 enterprises with a combined work - force of 525 , 000 workers suffered the same fate . in other words , in less than two years " the trigger mechanism " ( under the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . a further 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = in the spring of 1990 , ante marković was by far the most popular politician , not only in yugoslavia as a whole , but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to rally the population for yugoslavism against the particularistic nationalisms of [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] in [[ serbia ]] or [[ franjo tuđman | tuđman ]] in [[ croatia ]] and he should have been able to count on the obedience of the armed forces . he was supported by 83 % of the population in croatia , by 81 % in serbia and by 59 % in slovenia and by 79 % in yugoslavia as a whole . this level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in [[ slovenia ]] and croatia to their electorates involved offering to repudiate the marković - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and " join europe " . the appeal of milošević in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . these [[ nationalism | nationalist ]] appeals were ultimately successful : in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . the newly elected regional government then turned their efforts to the break - up of the country . they were aided by the us government ' s stance of sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with the " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme . the few european states with strategic interests in the yugoslav theatre tended to favor fragmentation . there were also other specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue {{ fact | date = february 2008 }} that the decentralized market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to the republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | left | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb communities within croatia rebelling and trying to secede from the croat republic . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 87 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was quickly declining for several reasons , among them the ever increasing ethnic tensions and subsequent emigration from the area . by 1999 the slavs formed as little as 10 % of the total population in kosovo . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovan republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenes , supported by croats , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to secede from power peacefully . other yugoslav republics - especially serbia - were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) against the two of the union but as the year passed other republics communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation - serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater autonomy of the republics ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , since it became clear that serbian domination attempts and increasingly different levels of democratic standards are becoming increasingly incompatible . [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia wouldn ' t accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces by the secessionist forces . when in august 1990 croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina led to a war that lasted more than 3 years ( see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of the yugoslav republic of macedonia was peaceful . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from the dalmatian coast towards the inland almost a year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to [[ home guard ]] ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal importation of arms , ( following the disaramament of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] , croatia , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving it through a crowd of people . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also , guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the army was seen as a serbian service by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics . by this proposal republics would have right to self - determination . however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police was already slovenian before declaring independence . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within the next 48 hours . however , because of the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts that the federation was under attack by foreign forces , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on the ground where they served their conscription , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defense , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army - houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana - zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport were killed . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the police forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some strategic places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in most others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . it is interesting that the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , albanians formed [[ kosovo liberation army ]] . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until an agreement was brokered between nato and milošević ' s government , with russia acting as intermediary . yugoslavia withdrew its forces from kosovo , in return for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 46 governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] , [[ 2000 ]] . on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . fyr of macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since [[ january 1 ]] , [[ 2007 ]] , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ slovenia ]] < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 177007031 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * cigar , norman , : ' ' genocide in bosnia : the policy of ethnic - cleansing ' ' . college station : texas a & m university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia ' ' , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : saqi , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' [[ history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 - 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . new york : penguin books , 1997 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west went wrong " ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ga : an iúgslaiv ]] [[ gl : iugoslavia - југославија ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : juhosłowjanska ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ jv : yugoslavia ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ mr : युगोस्लाव्हिया ]] [[ ms : yugoslavia ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ nn : jugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ qu : yuguslawya ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ simple : yugoslavia ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ sh : jugoslavija ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]]
243408006 0 south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]]
243549350 4 alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia fugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other [[ europe ]] an
6 absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] wanted to revise the international treaties drug deals signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine
7 [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization . alexsandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by that gave head to his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was
243549424 0 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander iv i of fugoslavia | alexander iv ]] banned national political parties in 1529 , assumed executive power and renamed the country fugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist
4 alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander iv of fugoslavia | alexander iv ]] banned national political parties in 1529 , assumed executive power and renamed the country fugoslavia yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist assions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other [[ europe ]] an
6 absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] wanted to revise the international drug deals treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine
7 [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization . alexsandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council that gave head to headed by his cousin [[ prince paulina of yugoslavia | prince paulina ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was
243609285 0 nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 afdgdnmv . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 250px
243960994 1 a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . the first country sucks balls to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the kingdom of serbs
243962611 2 three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . jesus bites cock ! the first country sucks balls to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the kingdom of serbs
244325833 30 = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[
244473208 0 right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeoprodizing jeopardizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments ,
246067912 5 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 250px 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] celebration . ]] on 7 april 1963 the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]]
246706391 0 parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of encountered opposition from other [[ europe ]] an powers stemming from developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis
246981274 0 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeopardizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s which was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession
246981845 0 [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the same time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]]
1 the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock
246982301 2 , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup =
246983138 0 the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme and ec conditionality and it was . this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in [[ slovenia ]] and croatia to their electorates
3 milošević in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . these [[ nationalism | nationalist ]] appeals were ultimately successful : . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . the
4 preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in [[ slovenia ]] and croatia to their electorates involved offering
247526130 3 [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to [[ croatian home guard | home guard ]] ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the
4 upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ debt moratorium | moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in
247526296 0 assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon encountered opposition from other [[ europe ]] an european powers stemming from developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the
6 " or " land of [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was
7 war i ]] , a number of prominent political figures from south slavic lands under the [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] fled to [[ london ]] , where they began work on forming the [[ yugoslav committee ]] to represent the southern slavs of austria - hungary . these yugoslavs were citizens who identified themselves
8 ]] , a number of prominent political figures from south slavic lands under the [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] fled to [[ london ]] , where they began work on forming the [[ yugoslav committee ]] to represent the southern slavs of austria - hungary . these yugoslavs were citizens who identified themselves with the
12 to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon encountered opposition from other [[ europe ]] an powers stemming from developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph
18 joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy .
26 as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] .
31 was voted by the rest of mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo
33 non - albanian refugees . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member
247935764 4 = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 200px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath flag of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty
14 treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with
54 albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and
250205625 0 single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . during the early period of [[ world war i ]] , a number of prominent political figures from south slavic lands under the [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] fled to london , where they began work on forming the [[ yugoslav committee ]] to represent the southern slavs of austria - hungary . these yugoslavs were citizens who identified themselves with the movement toward a single yugoslav or south slavic state you are gay ! ! ! ! ! ! yugoslavia is gay and the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the south slav lands with the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which was independent although occupied at the time
251362503 0 whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat mexican protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were
251362755 0 of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events poop that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance
251362767 0 of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the poop events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance
251363174 2 whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the mexican croat protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were
252030969 0 with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day fully recognized countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} * ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' ( status as an independent
252035354 1 with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = fully recognized countries created from the former yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo
2 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < gallery caption = " flags of the new recognized states " perrow = 4 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag
252792883 0 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 yo mama , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon encountered opposition from
252793190 0 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned yo mama national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon encountered opposition from
254441894 0 [[ jv : yugoslavia ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk fyrom : југославија ]] [[ mr : युगोस्लाव्हिया ]] [[ ms : yugoslavia ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ nn :
255553028 4 federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia yugoslobia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language
255553113 6 federal abomination of yugoslobia | federal abomination of yugoslobia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslobia yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslobia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language
255677317 0 declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . ' ' [[ italic text ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ link title ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ' ' = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june
255677354 1 declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . ' ' [[ italic text ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ [[ link title ]] [[ link title ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]] ' ' = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june
256387537 0 croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] {{ main | yugoslav wars }}
256961996 0 the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina led to a war that lasted more than 3 20 years ( see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia
256962020 0 the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina led to a war that lasted more than 20 3 years ( see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia
257205481 0 the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear not clear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence
1 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in
257369712 1 s liberation war = = = from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro -
257369960 0 liberation war = = = from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist . with the prople . with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian
257423127 0 , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s nick daskalous period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he
3 | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . he also slept with thousands of women all over . he was too drunk to do anything with sudanussy though . however , alexander ' s policies soon encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism |
257427712 0 , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king nick daskalous alexander ' s period = = = king [[ nick daskalou i of yugoslavia | daskalou i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia .
3 | daskalou i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . he also slept with thousands of women all over . he was too drunk to do anything with sudanussy though . however , alexander ' s policies soon encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism |
257428019 0 s liberation war = = = from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro -
257767654 2 . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : * [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[
257769716 1 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < center > < gallery caption = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] <
258789343 1 a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union |
259240602 0 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ image : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < cente | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgra | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since january 1 , 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of
259240632 0 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ image : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since january 1 , 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of
259630650 0 the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 2004 , and could join before 2010 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 {{ fact |
5 membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union |
259635090 0 | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović | stjepan " stevo " filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) seconds shortly before plunging to his death . ]] {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war | invasion of yugoslavia }} = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{
1 ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović | stjepan " stevo " filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) seconds before plunging to his death . ]] {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war | invasion of yugoslavia }} = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion
259636351 5 _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow =
267895690 0 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces we were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the day so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy
111868326 0 national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . well = = the people sucked dick to get liberated and fuckin fucked 24 hours a day so that they could get free porn . . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = =
118636043 1 , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society . = = = population = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 million . after it broke in 1990 it was 15 . 2 million . = = = the government = =
125729057 5 under the [[ karađorđević ]] dynasty . = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of jews slovenes , jews and jewstook power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor ( or parliament ) declared independence
11 | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king jewsi ]] banned national jew political parties in 1929 , assumed jewish power and renamed the country jewgoslavia . jews hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon
131260685 0 , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of if your reading this you probably don ' t have a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern
131277598 0 , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = if your reading this you probably don ' t have a life go away you loser slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom
131419480 0 ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that
131566806 0 , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom
134919978 4 . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] al and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian
5 advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] al rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as
13 there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later
135155283 2 eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence greater authonomy of the republics ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in
135158463 7 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the
150932203 35 . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with a promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts . the new kingdom was made up of dalmatia , which had substantial numbers of italians living in the coastal cities surrounded by slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px |
156872264 0 was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = {{ pov }} the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background
157504208 0 federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . = = = changes in yugoslavian religious demographics = = = [[ yugoslavia has always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam
10 census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of [[ modernization and urbanization , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . < ref > [ http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world
11 taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of modernization ]] and urbanization , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . < ref > [ http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world /
158681853 0 ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević
158682046 0 ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics . by this proposal republics would have
176994750 1 ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # socialist republic of [[ croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # socialist republic of [[ republic of macedonia | former yugoslav republicof macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # socialist republic of [[ montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica
176994887 0 with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # socialist republic of [[ croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # former yugoslav socialist republic of [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # socialist republic of [[ montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica
177756970 12 , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # former yugoslav socialist republic of [[ macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # socialist republic of [[ montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # socialist republic of [[ serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade
15 / > 5a . socialist autonomous district of [[ kosovo ]] and metohija , with the capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . socialist autonomous province of [[ vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # socialist republic of [[ slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the
16 capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . socialist autonomous province of [[ vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # socialist republic of [[ slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been
184057204 9 ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) " ( 1943 ) , the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) " ( 1946 ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) " ( 1963
186115102 0 national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . origanaly he was going to give it to stalin ( the country ) but tito felt as if the russians hadn ' t suported him enoph thought out his campiagne . = = the second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map
186212189 0 national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . origanaly he was going to give it to stalin ( the country ) but tito felt as if the russians hadn ' t suported him enoph thought out his campiagne . = = the second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map
192073726 9 was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in exile was recognized recognised and supported by allied forces . in 1943 , the communist led resistance movement proclaimed a new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 .
192075557 11 was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in exile was recognised recognized and supported by [[ allies of world war ii | allied forces ]] . in 1943 , the communist - led resistance movement proclaimed a new country called democratic federal yugoslavia
192099051 0 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * december [[ february 17 ]] , 2006 - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap
195594690 1 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 22 governments . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia
200575841 0 the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the modern countries that were once constituent parts of yugoslavia ( socialist republics ) but that are now independent states are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]]
200599214 10 partially recognized state after it also declared its independence in 2008 but was not a socialist republic of the former yugoslavia , it had the status of a socialist autonomous province ]] within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash
203556024 4 montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a partially recognized state which declared its highly disputed independence in 2008 . it was not a socialist republic of the former yugoslavia ; it had the status of a socialist [[ autonomous province ]] within serbia along with [[
204841842 0 vestige of the former yugoslavia . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 22 governments . no you can ' t edit this . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and
204841894 0 disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . andrewdeily the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil
204842052 0 disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister < andrewdeily the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater
1 with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister andrewdeily > the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil
204842223 0 disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister < andrewdeily > the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil
204999541 2 disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil
5 vestige of the former yugoslavia . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 22 governments . no you can ' t edit this . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and
206785833 0 yugoslavia 1936 , physical ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 1290 b . c . , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the
206801668 3 | yugoslavia 1936 , physical ]] = = = alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1290 b . c . 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the
206808719 7 ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia that made up the country , from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ macedonia ]]
206810242 3 , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on [[ february 18 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence ]] from serbia , an act fiercely opposed by serbia . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a
213997714 0 national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . brad is my brother and he sits in misses wiklines class in the middle row ? ? ? ? ? = = the second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map
213998353 0 national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . brad is my brother and he sits in misses wiklines class in the middle row ? ? ? ? ? = = the second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map
217660151 0 most of them were local slovenes . the border police was already slovenian before declaring independence . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces
219540798 0 movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1946 , when a communist government was established in pork land . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( sfry ) . the constituent socialist republics that made up the
219563040 0 movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1946 , when a communist government was established in pork land . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( sfry ) . the constituent socialist republics that made up the
227188725 0 ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # [[ socialist republic of macedonia vardaska ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica )
227951489 0 ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # [[ socialist republic of vardaska macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica )
231803887 37 of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr macedonia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the
231810719 0 was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2007 }} the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background
234143702 0 held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater authonomy autonomy of the republics ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , since it became clear that serbian domination attempts and increasingly different levels of
237605005 6 republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal federative people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six socialist republics , a socialist autonomous province , and a socialist autonomous district that
237910349 6 republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federative republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federative federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six socialist republics , a socialist autonomous province , and a socialist autonomous district that
241009864 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] {{ fact | date = september 2008 }} , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally yugoslaiterally in [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " or " land of [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that
241009878 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslaiterally yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] {{ fact | date = september 2008 }} , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " or " land of [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that
243549350 3 of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 1529 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the
243549424 3 of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander iv of fugoslavia | alexander iv ]] banned national political parties in 1529 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country fugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist assions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the
247935764 9 the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty arms of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions
248501529 0 republics ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , since it became clear that serbian domination attempts and increasingly different levels of democratic standards are were becoming increasingly incompatible . [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia wouldn ' t accept a status of a national minority
251645066 7 [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , # [[ socialist republic of slovenia kosova ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] , # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . in 1974 ,
252187640 0 ]] ( now podgorica ) ; * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ socialist autonomous province of kosova kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . * [[
256911641 1 {{ fact | date = february 2008 }} that the decentralized market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to the republics , whilst thoughwhilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[
257716279 0 titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) ; * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija kosova ( 1946 - 1974 ) | autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945
1 serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | autonomous province of kosovo and metohija kosova ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 - 1963 ) | autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the
257719367 0 titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) ; * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ autonomous province of kosova kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | autonomous province of kosova ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 - 1963
1 republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ autonomous province of kosova ( 1946 - 1974 ) | autonomous province of kosova kosovo and metohija ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 - 1963 ) | autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the
257767654 7 provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : * [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of sr montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) ; * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade
13 ]] ( now podgorica ) ; * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) ]] }} : 5b . {{ smaller | autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 - 1963 ) | autonomous
265776369 0 category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] yugoslavia is a wonderful county and its residents are called slavs [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] [[ br
265781667 0 category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] yugoslavia is a wonderful county and its residents are called slavs [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] [[ br
281979473 0 exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class loan . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and
282636725 1 point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = inexperiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , thoughwhilst though whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[
284695040 11 the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent socialist republics 1943 and that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[
32 socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six socialist republics , a socialist an autonomous province , and a socialist autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order
33 constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six socialist republics , a socialist autonomous province , and a socialist an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class =
76 were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] [[ puppet state ]] , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until
292712166 0 with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . n i like your mom in the bed the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil
292712235 0 with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . n i like your mom in the bed the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil
292754074 8 of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the republic of yugoslavia macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day
310938954 0 : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = wikipedia is wrong , , , dont listen go to a normal site i got a f because i used this websit . on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president
310939187 0 : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = wikipedia is wrong , , , dont listen go to a normal site i got a f because i used this websit . on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president
312074340 1 point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = in experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though whilst dampening dampened the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[ league
3 = = = in experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly
6 tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed paralysed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr
319569174 3 republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de - facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply
319589909 10 republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de - facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply
319701637 3 republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de - facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply
319852932 10 republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de - facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply
325621246 5 last country to bear the name yugoslavia was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on march 27 , 1992 . it was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining ( non - secessionist ) republics of [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province
325697061 2 last country to bear the name yugoslavia was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on march 27 , 1992 . it was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two republics of [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] ( after the latter ' s forced annexation of the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous
329283670 10 federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia yugoslamania ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world
13 powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , also known as yugoslamania , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of
329284590 8 powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslamania yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslamania partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslamania
11 federal people ' s republic of yugoslamania in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslamania yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslamanian state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslamania after the end of world
330881738 0 category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " ]] [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old
337642740 16 yugoslavia ( serbia and montenegro ) * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[
337643174 0 yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[
337769009 17 yugoslavia ( serbia and montenegro ) * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[
337777732 17 yugoslavia ( serbia and montenegro ) * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[
340419473 2 . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " / > " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries
353576401 0 ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government , comunism = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was
353580658 0 ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government , comunism = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was
366411229 0 category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] {{ link ga | no }} [[ af : joego - slawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x
387220623 1 to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis ]] that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded
400599300 20 of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref name = " atheism . about . com " / > = = = government = = = [[ file : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] ]] on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president
22 to remain in yugoslavia , and one which would disenfranchise non - bosniaks . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic hatred
441313646 62 this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving
78 seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 , 704 , 000
93 census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of [[ modernization ]] and [[ urbanization ]] , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post -
143 dates are considered the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended
144 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in
468701811 9 breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} though the 1974 constitution dampened reduced the institutional and material powers of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 . after tito ' s death on 4
49 only in certain realms , such as defense . the two constituent republics functioned separately throughout the period of the federal republic , and continued to operate under separate economic policies , as well as using separate currencies ( the [[ euro ]] was the only legal tender in montenegro ) . on 21 may 2006 , the [[ montenegrin independence referendum , 2006 | montenegrin independence referendum ]] was held . final official results indicated on 31 may that 55 .
478217075 23 as well as culture and influence . < ref > {{ cite web | title = former yugoslavia patches itself together : entering the yugosphere | publisher = [[ the economist ]] | date = 2009 - 08 - 20 | url = http : / / www . economist . com / node / 14258861 | accessdate = 2011 - 11 -
482752673 0 [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign that developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as and the [[ allies of world war ii | allies ]] , they but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of
542253903 1 montenegro no longer exists as [[ montenegro ]] became an independent nation in june 2006 after the results of a [[ montenegrin independence referendum , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] , therefore rendering serbia and montenegro as no longer existent . after montenegrin independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the ' ' [[ republic of serbia ]] ' ' .
2 longer exists as [[ montenegro ]] became an independent nation in june 2006 after the results of a [[ montenegrin independence referendum , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] . after montenegrin montenegro ' s independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the ' ' [[ republic of serbia ]] ' ' . in april 2001
542265770 1 1992 . png | caption1 = yugoslavia at the time of its dissolution , early 1992 | image2 = former yugoslavia 2008 . png | caption2 = current state of affairs on , as of 2008 , of the territory of the former yugoslavia , as of 2008 }} the successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " wikitable " ! <
542265878 1 1992 . png | caption1 = yugoslavia at the time of its dissolution , early 1992 | image2 = former yugoslavia 2008 . png | caption2 = the state of affairs , as of 2008 , of the territory of the former yugoslavia }} the successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > [[
542271741 2 serbia ]] . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognized state ]] . however , numerous countries , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognized kosovo as an independent nation . = = background
544494947 0 while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] , and the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia is declared . however , he refused to abdicate . on 31 january 1946 , the new [[ 1946 yugoslav constitution | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia
1 still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . < ref name = jes > {{ cite book | last1 = jessup | first1 = john e . | title = a chronology of conflict and resolution , 1945 - 1985 | year = 1989 | publisher = greenwood press | location = new york | isbn = 0 - 313 - 24308 - 5 | page = | pages = }} < / ref > however , he refused to abdicate . on 31 january 1946 , the new [[ 1946 yugoslav constitution | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]]
563179561 14 sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of communism in the rest of eastern europe , each of the republics held multi - party elections
15 year passed other republics ' communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater autonomy of the republics ( under
563181056 4 – march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution constitutional court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the
566575713 0 | pages = }} < / ref > however , he refused to abdicate . on 31 january 1946 , the new [[ 1946 yugoslav constitution | constitution ]] of [[ socialist federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the [[ soviet union ]] , established six republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were
568473261 0 all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the [[ constitutional crisis ]] that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : in the [[ 1981 protests in kosovo ]] while serbian authorities suppressed this sentiment and proceeded to reduce the province ' s autonomy . , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb communities within croatia rebelling and trying to secede from the
1 a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic through a series of moves known as the " [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution ]] " in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of serbs as the most numerous people in yugoslavia .
2 to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . slovenia and croatia voiced demands for looser ties within the federation . following the fall of communism in the rest of eastern europe , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in
6 all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the [[ constitutional crisis ]] that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic ; serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for
569536615 1 but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ yugoslav military coup of march 27 , 1941 | 27 march ]] . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna
582992172 9 of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' in 1929 . = = = king alexander = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from
588344999 9 , but in november 1945 the monarchy was abolished . yugoslavia was renamed the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy . leader of the partisans [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as the president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this became the largest yugoslav state as [[ istria ]] ,
20 a sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , but those claims were opposed by the other former republics . after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power in 2000 eventually , the fry rescinded those aspirations , accepting the opinion of the [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november
26 http : / / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > the federal republic of yugoslavia was officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro kosovo | kosovo ]] in 2003 . in june 2006 , [[ montenegro ]] became an independent nation after the results of a [[ montenegrin independence referendum , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]]
588345051 0 = 3 }} < / ref > serbia and montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in 2011 2008 . = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the concept of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south slavs
594475714 5 , banned national political parties , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . he imposed a new constitution [[ 1931 yugoslav constitution | new constitution in 1931 . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where fascists and [[ nazism
6 political parties , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . he imposed a new constitution in 1931 . ]] and relinquished his dictatorship in 1931 . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where fascists and [[ nazism | nazis
594480786 0 ) , as well as the republics of bosnia and herzegovina , and montenegro , were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages , and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade .
599855497 0 still , slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disarmament of the republics ' armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between the
616888308 12 import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disarmament of the republics ' armed forces by the federal jna army ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between the croatian defence minister martin špegelj and
17 ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . through a series of moves known as the " [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution ]] " , milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[
616890253 2 with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated first cracks in the tightly governed system surfaced when students of the [[ university of belgrade ]] and several other cities joined the worldwide [[ protests of 1968 ]] . president josip broz tito gradually stopped the protests by giving in to some of the students ' demands and saying that " students are right " during a televised speech . but in the following years , he dealt with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy .
617081328 2 his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country were [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina | sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ socialist republic of croatia | sr croatia ]] , [[
3 sr montenegro ]] , [[ socialist republic of slovenia | sr slovenia ]] , and [[ socialist republic of serbia | sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | kosovo ]] , which after 1974 were largely equal to the other
622094862 9 census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of modernization modernisation and urbanization , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post - war communist government '
656901506 33 of countries | name ]] ! ! [[ capital city | capital ]] ! ! [[ flag ]] ! ! [[ coat of arms ]] ! ! declared date of independence ! ! official state - recognised date of independence ! ! public holiday used to celebrate independence | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]] | style =
679738909 0 in february 2008 , the [[ kosovo | republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognised state . however kosovo is not a member of the [[ united nations ]] , [[ international recognition of kosovo | 109 states ]] , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognised kosovo as an independent
702550312 6 location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] ' ' ' , the original western border left a population of half a million [[ south slavs ]] < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn
41 the legitimate government , but in november 1945 the monarchy was abolished . yugoslavia was renamed the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government ]] was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy . partisan leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled
62 = 3 }} < / ref > serbia and montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in [[ 2008 . = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the concept of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south
63 3 }} < / ref > serbia and montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in 2008 ]] . = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the concept of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south slavs
702589142 6 thumb | right | 300px | general location of [[ yugoslavia ]] . first established with the ' ' ' [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] ' ' ' , the original western border left a population of half a million ' ' ' [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ' < ref name = " hehnp _ low _
41 ]] the monarchy was abolished . [[ yugoslavia ]] was renamed the [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] in [[ 1946 ]] , when a [[ communist government ]] was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from [[ italy ]] . [[ partisan ]] leader [[ josip
64 / ref > [[ serbia and montenegro ]] themselves broke up in [[ 2006 ]] and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in [[ 2008 ]] . = = background = = ' ' ' {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' the concept of ' ' [[ yugoslavia ]] ' '
65 > [[ serbia and montenegro ]] themselves broke up in [[ 2006 ]] and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in [[ 2008 ]] . = = background = = ' ' ' {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' the concept of ' ' [[ yugoslavia ]] ' ' , as
727367203 0 western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] loan . according to official statistics , from the 1950s to the early 1980s , yugoslavia was among the fastest growing countries , approaching the ranges reported in south korea and other miracle countries . the unique socialist system in yugoslavia , where factories were owned by workers and decision - making was less centralized than in other socialist countries may have led to the stronger growth . however , even if the absolute value of the growth rates was not as high as indicated by the official statistics , both the soviet union and yugoslavia were characterized by surprisingly high growth rates of both income and education during the 1950s . the period of european growth ended after the oil price shock in 1970s . following that , in yugoslavia an economic crisis erupted , and that as a product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . < ref > {{ cite book | author = baten , jörg | title = a history of the global economy . from 1500 to the present . | date = 2016 | publisher = cambridge university press | page = 64 | isbn = 9781107507180 }} < / ref > in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of
772701137 2 [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] | currency = [[ yugoslav dinar ]] | , from 1945 to [[ 1946 ]] , * * ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , *
1278009 0 * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to 1992 . * [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists existed from 1992 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' '
1278010 0 * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to 1992 . * [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which existed exists from 1992 , under the name : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , when it was renamed
1288560 4 * * ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , from 1918 to [[ 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ]] from 1929 to 1941 . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist yugoslavia ]] , which existed from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1992 ]] , under names :
9 * * ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1945 to [[ 1946 ]] , * * ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to 1992 . * [[ serbia and montenegro |
11 * ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ]] from 1963 to 1992 . * [[ serbia and montenegro | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1992 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic
18 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to 1941 . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist yugoslavia ]] , which existed from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1992 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1945 to [[ 1946 ]] ,
21 to 1992 . * [[ serbia and montenegro | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1992 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' ' , from 2003 onward . see [[ history of yugoslavia ]] for
1298298 10 croats and slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1946 ]] , * [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal
11 slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , from [[ 1945 ]] to which in [[ 1946 ]] , * [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1963
13 from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1946 ]] , * [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to ' ' ' and again in [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1963 to [[ 1992 ]] * federal republic of yugoslavia , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] ,
15 ]] to [[ 1946 ]] , * [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1963 to , under which it existed until [[ 1992 ]] * federal republic of yugoslavia , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , from 2003 onward . see [[ history of
17 republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1963 to [[ 1992 ]] * federal republic of yugoslavia , from [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . as a result a federation named ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , which in [[ 2003 ]] remade its internal structure into a loose commonwealth and changed its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , from 2003 onward . see [[ history of yugoslavia ]] for relation among the three . the rest
18 yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1963 to [[ 1992 ]] * federal republic of yugoslavia , from 1992 to [[ < tr > < td > < i > federal republic of yugoslavia ( 2003 ]] , * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , from 2003 onward . see [[ history of yugoslavia ]] for relation among the three . the rest of this article
1308223 2 > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / b > yu = = related articles = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] * [[ geography of yugoslavia ]] * [[ demographics of yugoslavia ]] * [[ politics of yugoslavia ]] * [[ economy of yugoslavia ]] * [[ communications in yugoslavia ]] * [[ transportation in yugoslavia ]] * [[ military of yugoslavia ]] * [[ foreign relations of yugoslavia ]] * the [[ voivodina | vojvodina ]] region and its municipalities - [[ novi sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] * the [[ kosovo ]] region * [[ belgrade ]] - the capital of the federal republic of yugoslavia * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ pristina | pri & # 353 ; tina ]] * [[ nis | ni & # 353 ; ]] montenegro -->
1377783 1 to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' ' yu = = related articles = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] = =
1379097 2 [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' ' yu = = see also : = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] ' ' this is not a [[ wikipedia : disambiguation | disambiguation ]] page ; that is , one that just points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name . but anyway , some links that point here should rather point to the appropriate specific page , so if you followed such a link here , you might want to go back and fix that link . ' '
1379155 1 in [[ 1918 ]] under name ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , whose name changed name to the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by [[ axis powers ]] . the second was a [[ communist state ]]
1467414 0 its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : yu ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]] ' ' this is not a [[ wikipedia : disambiguation | disambiguation ]] page ; that is , one that just points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name . but anyway , some links that point here should rather point to the appropriate specific page , so if you followed such a link here , you might want to go back and fix that link . ' '
1984488 1 name to the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and again in [[ 1963 ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , under which it existed until [[ 1991 ]] - [[ 1992 ]] when four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of
2184776 0 yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < br > [[ tricolour ]] of yugoslavia < / center > < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in serbo - croat ) is a term casually used for three separate political entities . the name is interpreted to mean ' ' land of south slavs ' ' ( ' ' jug ' '
2242043 0 ]] < br > [[ tricolour ]] of yugoslavia < / center > < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in serbo - croat all south [[ slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the
2520319 2 montenegro ' s country codes are ' ' scg ' ' / ' ' cs ' ' . ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]] & # 322 ; awia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] < div style = " float : right ; margin - left : 1em " > < center > [[
2808648 0 12521 ; & # 12499 ; & # 12450 ; ]] [[ pl : jugos & # 322 ; awia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] ' ' ' links ' ' ' * http : / / www . balkanalysis . com
2939041 0 12521 ; & # 12499 ; & # 12450 ; ]] [[ pl : jugos & # 322 ; awia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] ' ' ' links ' ' ' * http : / / www . balkanalysis . com
2957603 1 republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * a federation called the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1991 ]] between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two
3359388 0 powers ]] . * the second was a [[ communist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and in [[ 1963 ]] the '
1 [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' and in [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]]
3 became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and in [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] ,
4 ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1991 ]] between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , name yugoslavia was
3882737 0 12521 ; & # 12499 ; & # 12450 ; ]] [[ pl : jugos & # 322 ; awia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh - cn : & # 21335 ; & # 26031 ; & # 25289 ; & # 22827 ; ]]
4117764 1 ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1991 ]] between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] ,
7346200 0 the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] is discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after first yugoslavia . [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ he : & #
8640465 2 the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = first yugoslavia = = [[ image : coashs . jpg | framed | right | coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 ]] , when austria -
3 so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = second yugoslavia = = [[ image : prfli . jpg | frame | marshal tito led yugoslavia from the end of world war ii until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]]
8718538 15 that were opposing the occupation and were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , but also denied supremacy of the old [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] government . westerner attempts to reunite partisans , and emigration loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - subasic agreement ]] in june [[ 1944 ]] , however tito was seen as a national hero by the
9382071 1 a result , hitler had to delay the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] ,
12142316 1 montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radic | stjepan radi & # 263 ; ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander of yugoslavia | aleksandar alexander ]] used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] he suspended the constitution , dissolved the ' ' skup
13672323 7 state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in [[ 1980 ]] . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous province : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] . the other ethnic groups , including the bulgarians in [[ vardar macedonia ]] and the [[ western bulgarian fringe ]] ( [[ zapadni bulgarski pokraynini ]] ) , were brutally suppressed . hundreds were murdered , thousands were sent to the [[ goli otok ]] [[ concentration camp ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both eastern and western block and together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]]
13861520 0 of the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . also , there is a girl named natalie living in kentucky who is a fourth croatian roma , and will keep it ' s spirit alive . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http
15159914 0 of the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . also , there is a girl named natalie living in kentucky who is a fourth croatian roma , and will keep it ' s spirit alive . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http
15243372 1 * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' and in [[ april 7
3 ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' . this remained
18469162 27 kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesic | stipe mesi & # 263 ; ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovsek | janez drnov & # 353 ; ek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia ( [[ bogic bogicevic | bogi & # 263 ; bogi & #
20718541 0 montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radi & # 263 ; ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander ]] ( aleksandar ) used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] he suspended the constitution , dissolved the ' ' skup &
22246699 0 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : peter i karageorgevich . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | peter i karađorđević , the first king of yugoslavia ]] the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 ]] , when austria -
22506196 3 [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . slovenia , croatia and macedonia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] . bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in the same year ; , but the international community pressured them to place a three - month moratorium on the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] . this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb minority there , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a
22545889 0 to show , etc . ) * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1594 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1587
25682758 15 new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , atleast nominally , ceased to exist . = = further reading = = * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution
25737758 0 , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , atleast at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remains in place in belgrade but now assumes only ceremonial powers . the local governments of serbia and of montenegro now conduct
31961080 29 celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . westerner attempts to reunite
50 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republics of serbia and montenegro . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in [[ 1995 ]] with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement
33738425 23 on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , but the international community pressured them to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of
34035074 18 ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] - ' ' bosnia - a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = further reading = = * the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war , [[ misha glenny ]] isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = =
37073182 0 yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav wars | wars of yugoslav succession ]] * [[ monarchs of serbia ]] * [[ monarchy ]] * [[ house of karadjordjević ]] * [[ black george ]] * [[ alexander , crown prince of yugoslavia ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{
37119505 0 yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav wars | wars of yugoslav succession ]] * [[ monarchs of serbia ]] * [[ monarchy ]] * [[ house of karadjordjević ]] * [[ black george ]] * [[ alexander , crown prince of yugoslavia ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd
43290325 0 state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[
56649131 0 kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats
56714534 6 [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and then the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal
8 ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and then the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . ' ' ' * the third was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal
57320182 16 , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york ,
59611366 8 , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) and then the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . ' ' ' * the third was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina
59612233 5 was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) . # the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] (
7 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' . # the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' was formed in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of
60926591 0 began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] aishwarya vyass is a complete and total bitch ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds
60926639 0 began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] aishwarya vyass is a complete and total bitch ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds
63135388 0 capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry ) ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as the
1 second yugoslavia . ethnic conflicts and the declaration of independence by most of the constituent republics lead to the formation of the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) ' ' ' in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[
8 democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' . it is also known as the second yugoslavia . ethnic conflicts and the declaration of independence by most of the constituent republics lead to the formation of the
63327901 96 exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old king peter full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 6th ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where mussolini had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was
63330276 28 led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croat ]] - [[ slovenian people | slovenian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] ]] the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable
38 of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war
43 this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 ,
63330472 0 , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | map showing [[ kingdom _ of _ yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in [[ 1929 ]] ]] = = = opposition to the new state = = = with the end of [[ world war i ]] and the downfall of [[ austria - hungary ]] and the
63331191 0 state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of
63517403 70 package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " shock therapy programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the 1989
63521475 7 of yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in [[ 1990 - 1991 is a complex matter . but without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand
8 yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in 1990 ]] - 1991 is a complex matter . but without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the
9 was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in 1990 - [[ 1991 is a complex matter . but without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration
65110599 3 ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and
65358177 1 delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = = = = the invasion of yugoslavia ]] = = = at 5 : 15 a . m . on [[ april 6th ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ fascism in italy
82799705 10 . [[ image : ante marković . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ ante marković ]] ]] in [[ 1989 ]] [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping studying the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock
82813167 9 . [[ image : ante marković . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ ante marković ]] ]] in [[ 1989 ]] [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia studying helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] measurements for the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) |
83862003 12 ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' was ( c . 1943 - ) , a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945 ]] as the succesor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia .
15 was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945 ]] as the succesor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia . it , existed under various names . proclaimed as the ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' in [[ 1943 ]] . it changed its name to the '
18 [[ 1945 ]] as the succesor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia . it existed under various names . proclaimed as the ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' in " ( [[ 1943 ]] . it changed its name to the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' in [[ 1946 ]] . in [[
21 federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' in [[ 1943 ]] . it changed its name to the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' in " ( [[ 1946 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] it would again change its name to the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry
25 ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry ) and would exist under this name until its death following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . the declaration of independence and secession by most of the constituent republics of sfry , which led to the formation of a federation named the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) in 1992 on the territory of the
42 name means ' ' land of the [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was
46 kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist
49 fpry ) ' ' in [[ 1946 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] it would again change its name to the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry ) and would exist under this name until its death following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . the declaration of independence and secession by most of the constituent republics
51 the declaration of independence and secession by most of the constituent republics of sfry led to the formation of a federation named the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[
84299894 1 , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was if a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]]
84305972 3 , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was if a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]]
85539858 12 ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war . bouder ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : *
85546527 2 media reaction to the war in bosnia ' ' . cresskill , nj : hampton press * ramet , sabrina p . ' ' balkan babel . the disintegration of yugoslavia from : the death of tito to the insurrection in kosovo ' ' . bouder , co : westview press , 2002 [ 3rd edition ] * ramet , sabrina p 2004 ‘explaining
3 to the war in bosnia ' ' . cresskill , nj : hampton press * ramet , sabrina p . ' ' balkan babel . the disintegration of yugoslavia from the death of tito to the insurrection in kosovo third balkan war ' ' . bouder , co : westview press , 2002 [ 3rd edition ] * ramet , sabrina p 2004 ‘explaining the yugoslav meltdown . “for a charm of pow
86751655 0 tags --> < references / > * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard media view of what happened in yugoslavia ] from emperor ' s clothes * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net – covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ( desambiguación ) ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : južnosłowjanska ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]]
86857690 0 tags --> < references / > * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard media view of what happened in yugoslavia ] from emperor ' s clothes * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net – covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ( desambiguación ) ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : južnosłowjanska ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]]
87596151 3 by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = = = = the [[ invasion of yugoslavia ]] = = = at 5 : 15 a . m . on [[ april 6th ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism |
87847188 1 peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of wwii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6th 6 ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch
23 , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in [[ 1929 ]] ]]
43 = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]]
71 was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in [[ 1990 ]] - [[ 1991 ]] is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult
88021930 0 [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17th ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . = = = the independent state of croatia = = = {{ main | independent state of croatia }} [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma | gypsies ]] were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a multiethnic , though largely serb , royalist guerilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno oslobodilacka vojska ( nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] ]] the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks ' terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by the [[ united nations ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew | jewish ]] and [[ roma people | roma ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nov organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . [[ image : tito . jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of 1942 ]] on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . luftwaff = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px
88022094 0 [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaff luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17th ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . = = = the independent state of croatia = = = {{ main | independent state of croatia }} [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma | gypsies ]] were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a multiethnic , though largely serb , royalist guerilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno oslobodilacka vojska ( nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] ]] the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks ' terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by the [[ united nations ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew | jewish ]] and [[ roma people | roma ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nov organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . [[ image : tito . jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of 1942 ]] on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px
88150638 0 | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( also known as the mexico of europe . . . ) ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian
88150777 0 | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( also known as the mexico of europe . . . ) ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian
90006834 0 protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] {{ yug - timeline }} = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] hi ! = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994
210214598 0 > tags --> {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] hi ! = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994
210766615 2 is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new the newly recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag
210767374 3 is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of former sfr yugoslavia and " > the newly recognized countries " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image
4 with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of former sfr yugoslavia and the newly < gallery caption = " flags of recognized countries " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag
210773864 2 is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flag of former sfr yugoslavia and new recognized countries " > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo
9 is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flag of former sfr yugoslavia " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia < / gallery > < gallery caption = " flags of the currently recognized countries " > image : flag
214534581 0 thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a gay ass country ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language
214534654 0 thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a gay ass country ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language
214561406 1 [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia
215131412 0 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the german pie air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia '
215131433 0 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the pie german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia '
216850189 1 yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * [[ june 1999 , un and nato administration arrived in kosovo * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5
2 and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 ]] , un and nato administration arrived in kosovo * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] ,
219529741 9 = = 1918 - 1928 = = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 230px | right | map of yugoslavia in [[ 1919 ]] showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty
10 yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * [[ june 1999 ]] , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia
221230607 0 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 41 governments . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and
221231653 0 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 41 governments . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and
225041607 1 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences , the last indepedent state from " [[ yugoslavia ]] " and " [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] " is [[ kosovo ]] on [[ 17 february ]] [[ 2008 ]] . thereby ending the last remnants of
231803887 28 peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " . it was established on [[ 1
32 powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ communist ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia
34 , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ communist ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( sfry )
36 republic of yugoslavia " in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] was added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent
39 followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name was the " [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( fry ) established on [[ march 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] . it was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining ( non - secessionist
231810308 5 decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} [[ image : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović | stjepan " stevo " filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941
24 right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] {{ main | yugoslav wars }} | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain
234981718 0 encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new ( partially ) recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina
236125505 0 ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} it is illegal to touch turtles ! ! ! the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never
236133439 0 ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} it is illegal to touch turtles ! ! ! the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never
236506191 0 ]] = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] ( ex - communist party ) celebration . ]] on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito |
237699601 0 encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new ( partially ) recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina
243549350 2 of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i iv ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander
9 succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul paulina ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by
243549424 9 his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council that gave head to his cousin [[ prince paulina of yugoslavia | prince paulina paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by
244325833 73 . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum
246000078 0 > tags --> {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] aknowledge the lie : www . youtube . com / watch ? v = zp6c18jb - dg = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob :
246000865 0 > tags --> {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] aknowledge the lie : www . youtube . com / watch ? v = zp6c18jb - dg watch this - stop world criminalisation of serbs < embed id = " videoplayback " src = " http : / / video . google . com / googleplayer . swf ? docid = 5860186121153047571 & hl = nl & fs = true " style = " width : 400px ; height : 326px " allowfullscreen = " true " allowscriptaccess = " always " type = " application / x - shockwave - flash " > < / embed > < embed id = " videoplayback " src = " http : / / video . google . com / googleplayer . swf ? docid = 6371060303901674397 & hl = nl & fs = true " style = " width : 400px ; height : 326px " allowfullscreen = " true " allowscriptaccess = " always " type = " application / x - shockwave - flash " > < / embed > = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob :
247935764 0 of [[ dalmatia ]] from the [[ cisleithania | austrian ]] part , and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = [[ < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 200px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world
12 treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo ]] < / center > | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928
48 ]] = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] celebration . ]] on 7 april 1963 the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[
252469797 0 . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] * [[ tito ]] 1892 - 1980 3 : 04 / 15 : 04 time of death = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] hi youve been tricked this is a scam = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob :
293805845 0 > tags --> {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] hi youve been tricked this is a scam = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob :
299640136 1 png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia because i am hated ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language
2 | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats
311073532 0 security it provided . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . * famous rock and roll guitarist and historian tony m . drozdjek was born in belgrade , 1963 . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] =
313780348 0 s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . * famous rock and roll guitarist and historian tony m . drozdjek was born in [[ belgrade ]] , 1963 . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] =
314884067 8 effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! !
314888561 8 effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! !
315047149 8 effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! !
315141168 8 effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! !
315205975 8 effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! !
318705119 0 proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] congress . ]] {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} on november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] ,
324085761 0 . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | changes in yugoslavian religious demographics }} yugoslavia had always is gay been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] ,
324085787 0 . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | changes in yugoslavian religious demographics }} yugoslavia is gay had always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] ,
328282850 1 german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia because yugoslavia was russia ' s ally and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia
329282870 0 ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , also known as yugoslamania , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia
332402344 0 declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ' sfst ' ' ' yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the
332402380 0 declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ' sfst ' ' ' yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all ( go on redtube . com ) ( its a funny website ) [[ media : [[ media : example .
337642740 2 of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the
3 [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was initially known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes
5 s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry 1943 - 1992 ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii .
17 {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on april 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing independence with a non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , albanians formed [[ kosovo liberation army ]] . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until an agreement was brokered between nato and milošević ' s government , with russia acting as intermediary . yugoslavia withdrew its forces from kosovo , in return for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and russia , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 60 governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on october 6 , 2000 . the federal republic of yugoslavia was afterwards admitted to the united nations , at the end of 2000 . on saturday , march 31 , 2001 , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on june 28 he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on february 12 , 2002 , and he died there on 11 march 2006 , while his trial was still ongoing . on april 11 , 2002 , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on february 4 , 2003 , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on may 21 , 2006 , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , reaching the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] . on june 3 , 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > . montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] < / ref > . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 177007031 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * cigar , norman , : ' ' genocide in bosnia : the policy of ethnic - cleansing ' ' . college station : texas a & m university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia ' ' , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 – 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' [[ history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 - 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . new york : penguin books , 1997 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west went wrong " ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old
337642783 0 of yugoslavia ]] ( 1943 - 1992 ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old
337643100 0 [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[
337768752 8 [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 sfry ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and
16 yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on april 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing independence with a non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , albanians formed [[ kosovo liberation army ]] . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until an agreement was brokered between nato and milošević ' s government , with russia acting as intermediary . yugoslavia withdrew its forces from kosovo , in return for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and russia , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 60 governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on october 6 , 2000 . the federal republic of yugoslavia was afterwards admitted to the united nations , at the end of 2000 . on saturday , march 31 , 2001 , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on june 28 he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on february 12 , 2002 , and he died there on 11 march 2006 , while his trial was still ongoing . on april 11 , 2002 , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on february 4 , 2003 , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on may 21 , 2006 , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , reaching the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] . on june 3 , 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > . montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] < / ref > . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 177007031 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * cigar , norman , : ' ' genocide in bosnia : the policy of ethnic - cleansing ' ' . college station : texas a & m university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia ' ' , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 – 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' [[ history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 - 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . new york : penguin books , 1997 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west went wrong " ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old
17 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially
337769009 2 of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the
3 [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was initially known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes
5 s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii .
9 {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on april 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing independence with a non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , albanians formed [[ kosovo liberation army ]] . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until an agreement was brokered between nato and milošević ' s government , with russia acting as intermediary . yugoslavia withdrew its forces from kosovo , in return for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and russia , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 60 governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on october 6 , 2000 . the federal republic of yugoslavia was afterwards admitted to the united nations , at the end of 2000 . on saturday , march 31 , 2001 , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on june 28 he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on february 12 , 2002 , and he died there on 11 march 2006 , while his trial was still ongoing . on april 11 , 2002 , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on february 4 , 2003 , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on may 21 , 2006 , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , reaching the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] . on june 3 , 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > . montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] < / ref > . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 177007031 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * cigar , norman , : ' ' genocide in bosnia : the policy of ethnic - cleansing ' ' . college station : texas a & m university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia ' ' , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 – 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' [[ history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 - 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . new york : penguin books , 1997 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west went wrong " ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old
337769485 8 [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 sfry ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and
16 yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on april 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing independence with a non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , albanians formed [[ kosovo liberation army ]] . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until an agreement was brokered between nato and milošević ' s government , with russia acting as intermediary . yugoslavia withdrew its forces from kosovo , in return for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and russia , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 60 governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on october 6 , 2000 . the federal republic of yugoslavia was afterwards admitted to the united nations , at the end of 2000 . on saturday , march 31 , 2001 , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on june 28 he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on february 12 , 2002 , and he died there on 11 march 2006 , while his trial was still ongoing . on april 11 , 2002 , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on february 4 , 2003 , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on may 21 , 2006 , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , reaching the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] . on june 3 , 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > . montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] < / ref > . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 177007031 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * cigar , norman , : ' ' genocide in bosnia : the policy of ethnic - cleansing ' ' . college station : texas a & m university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia ' ' , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 – 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' [[ history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 - 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . new york : penguin books , 1997 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west went wrong " ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old
17 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially
337777732 2 of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the
3 [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was initially known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes
5 s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii .
9 {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on april 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing independence with a non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , albanians formed [[ kosovo liberation army ]] . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until an agreement was brokered between nato and milošević ' s government , with russia acting as intermediary . yugoslavia withdrew its forces from kosovo , in return for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and russia , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 60 governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on october 6 , 2000 . the federal republic of yugoslavia was afterwards admitted to the united nations , at the end of 2000 . on saturday , march 31 , 2001 , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on june 28 he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on february 12 , 2002 , and he died there on 11 march 2006 , while his trial was still ongoing . on april 11 , 2002 , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on february 4 , 2003 , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on may 21 , 2006 , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , reaching the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] . on june 3 , 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > . montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] < / ref > . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 177007031 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * cigar , norman , : ' ' genocide in bosnia : the policy of ethnic - cleansing ' ' . college station : texas a & m university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia ' ' , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 – 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' [[ history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 - 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . new york : penguin books , 1997 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west went wrong " ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old
337859048 1 yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state , eventually became know in 2003 as a state union of serbia and montenegro = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[
338545828 9 of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ' ' ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and
18 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially
22 the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state union of serbia and montenegro = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya
341170439 0 s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] this website is horrible watch it will let me post this . so why don ' t you use an actual website that cannot be edited . = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] ansd dfkjde = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob :
341172076 0 > tags --> {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] ansd dfkjde = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob :
341172264 0 s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . this website is horrible watch it will let me post this . so why don ' t you use an actual website that cannot be edited . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = references = = on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja
171419557 0 , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} but hey everybody my article is disputed . = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = =
171547692 1 , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} but hey everybody my article is disputed . = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = =
178998345 0 547 . 2 & scrollaction = stranica + 2 < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} ass holes {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of
178998798 1 547 . 2 & scrollaction = stranica + 2 < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} ass holes {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of
186113588 0 {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 15 12 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian
192075557 1 ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | југославија }} , {{ lang | sh - latn | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' }} , {{ lang - en ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | [[ south slavia ]] }} ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]]
206782246 0 the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 1994 - 1928 = = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 230px | right | map of yugoslavia in [[ 1919 ]] showing the
206801668 0 the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1994 1918 - 2970 = = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 230px | right | map of yugoslavia in [[ 1919 ]] showing the
206802676 2 {{ lang - sl | ' ' država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov ' ' ; {{ lang - mk | кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците }} ) . the country it was established on [[ 29 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . it lasted only for a month ; on 1 december 1918 it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia
213997438 0 , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} james was one of the greatest kings in all the land and he was my mom shhhhhh ! ! ! ! = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = =
213997456 0 , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} james was one of the greatest kings in all the land and he was my mom shhhhhh ! ! ! ! = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = =
213999169 0 , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] [[ puppet state ]] , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . one such camp was [[ jasenovac concentration camp | jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , serb royalist guerrilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( ' ' narodno oslobodilačka vojska ' ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a croatian national . chetniks were allies of united states in europe and they saved over 150 american pilots during operation : " vazdušni most " . the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir zerjavic ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by the [[ united nations ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew ]] ish and [[ roma people | roma ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaborationism | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nov organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = [[ image : liberationofbelgrademedal . jpg | 110px | left | thumb | c70 , 000 soviet and allied personnel were awarded the medal for the liberation of belgrade from 21st june 1961 . ]] the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . this was territory populated predominantly by [[ italians ]] and [[ slovenes ]] . however , the nov withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map
214002161 0 , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] [[ puppet state ]] , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . one such camp was [[ jasenovac concentration camp | jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , serb royalist guerrilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( ' ' narodno oslobodilačka vojska ' ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a croatian national . chetniks were allies of united states in europe and they saved over 150 american pilots during operation : " vazdušni most " . the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir zerjavic ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by the [[ united nations ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew ]] ish and [[ roma people | roma ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaborationism | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nov organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = [[ image : liberationofbelgrademedal . jpg | 110px | left | thumb | c70 , 000 soviet and allied personnel were awarded the medal for the liberation of belgrade from 21st june 1961 . ]] the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . this was territory populated predominantly by [[ italians ]] and [[ slovenes ]] . however , the nov withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map
218236179 0 , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} he was high like a m * * * * f * * * = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{
218236281 0 , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} he was high like a m * * * * f * * * = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{
221262483 0 , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} forum : - > > www . ex - yu - forum . co . nr < < - = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{
221262641 0 , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} forum : - > > www . ex - yu - forum . co . nr < < - = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{
221263215 0 , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} ' ' ' free forum online ' ' ' [ www . ex - yu - forum . co . nr ] = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{
221263251 0 , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} ' ' ' free forum online ' ' ' [ www . ex - yu - forum . co . nr ] = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{
231807706 3 {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[
242044969 0 launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during world war ii lol = = [[ image : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović | stjepan " stevo "
244325833 35 [[ image : tito . jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of 1942 . {{ deletable image - caption }} ]] --> on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije '
251599494 1 kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * [[ slo ]] }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
259630650 3 applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so
4 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . aspx < / ref > the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various
262867590 2 center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
271717517 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent socialist republics that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ sap kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr slovenia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . hiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii the last country to bear the name was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on march 27 , 1992 . it was a [[ federation ]]
271717824 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : hiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent socialist republics that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ sap kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr slovenia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on march 27 , 1992 . it was a [[ federation ]]
278348589 5 | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , some negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria are led , finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of this negotiations is to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a
282757904 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ pov | date = april 2009 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px |
283791997 1 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ pov | date = april 2009 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px |
300473210 9 / center > | - | 5 . [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : 5a . {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : 5b . {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi
329283670 3 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 locationyugoslamania2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' '
329284590 3 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslamania | socialist federal republic of yugoslamania | federal republic of yugoslamania }} [[ file : locationyugoslamania2 locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslamania . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' '
336356271 1 border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
339725475 5 border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[
347164615 3 build was both against the serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia , and one which would disenfranchise non - bosniaks . ]] {{ fixbunching | mid }} [[ file : evstafiev - radovan karadzic 3mar94 . jpg | thumb | 140px | right | bosnian serb president [[ radovan karadžić ]] aggressively pursued an agenda to keep serb territory from being forced to separate from yugoslavia . the bosnian serb army engaged in a war against the [[ army of bosnia and herzegovina | arbih ]] which would see large numbers of atrocities such as genocide committed by all belligerents . karadžić is accused of sponsoring many of these incidents . photo by [[ mikhail evstafiev ]] . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup
353721343 0 nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} - is jasenovac good enough citation for you croat ? against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence
353730460 0 nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} - is jasenovac camp citation good enough for you croat ? against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence
378359503 2 sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] who after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation {{ citation needed | date = february 2010 }} ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . = =
378359693 1 sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] who after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation . {{ citation needed | date = february 2010 }} ) starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . = =
439457771 6 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > |
458313071 0 - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 yugo3 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' '
466553797 0 - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : yugo3 locationyugoslavia2 . jpg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' '
467907565 18 border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
468701811 24 border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } the first former yugoslav republic ' ' yugosphere ' ' is a term used to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in
495579916 0 yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' '
495585323 0 yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : location yugoslavia locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' (
495585894 0 yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' '
495666744 2 the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : location yugoslavia locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' (
495668696 1 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ for | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move -
2 yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' '
497533362 1 border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } = = = succession = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics of serbia and montenegro , which remained relatively untouched by the war , formed a [[ rump state ]] known as the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] in 1992 . the federal republic of yugoslavia aspired to be a sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , but those claims were opposed by other former republics . the united nations also [[ united nations security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . < ref > {{ cite book | url = http : / / www . mpil . de / shared / data / pdf / pdfmpunyb / wood _ 1 . pdf | title = max planck yearbook of united nations law | chapter = participation of former yugoslav states in the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november 2000 . < ref > {{ cite web | title = fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the united states , referred to the federal republic of yugoslavia as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref > 1999 [[ cia ]] [[ world factbook ]] : [ http : / / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > the state was finally officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . = = = yugosphere = = = the ' ' yugosphere ' ' is a term used to describe the present day physical areas which formed yugoslavia , as well as
499509992 5 border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) }} = = = succession = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics of serbia and montenegro , which remained relatively untouched by
500698907 0 - indef }} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : location yugoslavia locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' (
500700919 0 - indef }} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' (
539572794 0 in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] {{ link ga | no }} [[ af : joego - slawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ bar : jugoslawien ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[
540800996 0 in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] {{ link ga | no }} [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]]
542255088 0 dissolution , early 1992 | image2 = former yugoslavia 2008 . png | caption2 = current state of affairs on the territory of the former yugoslavia , as of 2008 }} yugoslav the successor states : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center >
568190836 0 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the italian border changed after world war ii . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia '
602484910 0 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]]
602537617 1 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo
602538305 0 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]]
602539100 2 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo
606080168 0 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]]
622094154 2 bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | march 1 , 1992 | april 6 , 1992 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | 1 march 1 | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < /
5 of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | june 25 , 1991 | october 8 , 1991 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | 25 june 25 | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px |
8 | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | 17 february 17 | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px
12 republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | september 8 , 1991 | april 8 , 1993 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | 8 september 8 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < /
14 [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 21 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | 3 june 3 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | may 21 | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file
15 < / center > | may 21 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 3 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | 21 may 21 | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < /
17 [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 22 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | 5 june 5 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 15 | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file
18 < / center > | may 22 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 5 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | 15 february 15 | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < /
24 and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | march 1 , 1992 | april 6 , 1992 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | march 1 | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center >
27 arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | june 25 , 1991 | october 8 , 1991 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 25 | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]]
31 february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 17 | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border
37 of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | september 8 , 1991 | april 8 , 1993 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | september 8 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center >
40 / center > | may 21 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 3 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | may 21 | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center >
43 / center > | may 22 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 5 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 15 | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center >
623264024 1 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the
623264992 1 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo
623267203 2 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] ,
656901506 3 arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 1 march 1992 | 6 april 1992 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 1 march | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] <
4 and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 1 march 1992 | 6 april 1992 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 1 march }} | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center >
7 : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | 25 june 1991 | 8 october 1991 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 25 june | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] <
8 arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | 25 june 1991 | 8 october 1991 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 25 june }} | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center >
11 > | 17 february 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 17 february | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px
12 february 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 17 february }} | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]]
15 of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 8 september 1991 | 8 april 1993 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 8 september | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] <
16 of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 8 september 1991 | 8 april 1993 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 8 september }} | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center >
18 > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 21 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 3 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 21 may | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[
19 ]] < / center > | 21 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 3 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 21 may | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] <
20 center > | 21 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 3 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 21 may }} | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center >
22 > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 22 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 5 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 15 february | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[
23 ]] < / center > | 22 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 5 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 15 february | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] <
24 center > | 22 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 5 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 15 february }} | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center >
662082091 0 june 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 october 1991 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 25 june }} | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 17 february 2008 }} | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 17 february }} | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file
665159797 0 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo
685076049 1 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of
685103535 0 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo
685168696 1 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of
685189142 0 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo
685194407 1 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of
685200317 0 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo
685264223 3 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of
685357030 0 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo
685369118 4 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of
685373368 0 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo
685440379 4 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of
686237393 7 / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * {{ cite americana | wstitle = jugoslavia | author = milivoy s . stanoyevich | short = x }} * [ http https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl =
700521033 0 asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia | native _ name = jugoslavija < br / > југославија | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = balkans | life _ span = 1918 – 1992 | p1 = | flag _ p1 = | p2 = | flag _ p2 = | s1 = | flag _ s1 = | s2 = | flag _ s2 = | s3 = | flag _ s3 = | image _ flag = flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | flag = flag of yugoslavia | flag _ type = flag ( 1918 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = location and extent of yugoslavia in europe < br / > before and after [[ world war ii ]] . | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = [[ hey , slavs ]] ( 1977 ) < br / > < center > [[ file : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] < / center > | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = yugoslav | common _ languages = [[ serbo - croatian ]] < br > < small > ( de facto ) < / small > | government _ type = monarchy < small > < br / > ( 1918 - 1945 ) < / small > < br / > single - party state < small > ( 1945 - 1990 ) < / small > | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | leader2 = | year _ leader2 = | leader3 = | year _ leader3 = | leader4 = | year _ leader4 = | title _ deputy = | deputy1 = | year _ deputy1 = | deputy2 = | year _ deputy2 = | era = | event _ start = independence | date _ start = 1 december | year _ start = 1918 | event1 = | date _ event1 = | event2 = | date _ event2 = | event3 = | date _ event3 = | event4 = | date _ event4 = | event _ end = | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = [[ yugoslav dinar ]] | footnotes = | today = }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 |
700521135 0 stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = [[ yugoslav dinar ]] | footnotes = | today = }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the original western border left a population of half a million [[ south slavs ]] < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = noalhezkydkc & pg = pa45 & dq = % 22the + treaty + left + half + a + million + slavs + inside + italy + while + only + a + few + hundred + italians & lr = & sig = acfu3u1d _ etppjl - 3k8nsyws4mfuun44sq a low dishonest decade : italy , the powers and eastern europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija
700570008 0 asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia | native _ name = jugoslavija < br / > југославија | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = balkans | life _ span = 1918 – 1992 | p1 = | flag _ p1 = | p2 = | flag _ p2 = | s1 = | flag _ s1 = | s2 = | flag _ s2 = | s3 = | flag _ s3 = | image _ flag = flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | flag = flag of yugoslavia | flag _ type = flag ( 1918 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = location and extent of yugoslavia in europe < br / > before and after [[ world war ii ]] . | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = [[ hey , slavs ]] ( 1977 ) < br / > < center > [[ file : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] < / center > | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = yugoslav | common _ languages = [[ serbo - croatian ]] < br > < small > ( de facto ) < / small > | government _ type = monarchy < small > < br / > ( 1918 - 1945 ) < / small > < br / > single - party state < small > ( 1945 - 1990 ) < / small > | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | leader2 = | year _ leader2 = | leader3 = | year _ leader3 = | leader4 = | year _ leader4 = | title _ deputy = | deputy1 = | year _ deputy1 = | deputy2 = | year _ deputy2 = | era = | event _ start = independence | date _ start = 1 december | year _ start = 1918 | event1 = | date _ event1 = | event2 = | date _ event2 = | event3 = | date _ event3 = | event4 = | date _ event4 = | event _ end = | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = [[ yugoslav dinar ]] | footnotes = | today = }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the original western border left a population of half a million [[ south slavs ]] < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = noalhezkydkc & pg = pa45 & dq = % 22the + treaty + left + half + a + million + slavs + inside + italy + while + only + a + few + hundred + italians & lr = & sig = acfu3u1d _ etppjl - 3k8nsyws4mfuun44sq a low dishonest decade : italy , the powers and eastern europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija
714942654 0 june 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 october 1991 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 25 june }} | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 17 february 2008 }} | {{ dts | } } | {{ dts | 17 february }} | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file
736681850 0 links = = {{ commons category | yugoslavia }} {{ wikiquote | yugoslavia }} {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} {{ eb1922 poster }} * {{ wikiatlas | yugoslavia }} * [ http https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20120212164932 / http : / / www . ohr . int : 80 / ohr % 2dinfo / maps /
754485190 11 40px ]] | {{ dts | 21 may 2006 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 3 june 2006 }} ) }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 15 february }} | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]]
14 ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 25 june 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 october 1991 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 25 june }} | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | [[ file : flag
768996113 0 in the western balkans }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | native _ name = ' ' jugoslavija ' ' {{ ref label | sh - lat | a | } } {{ ref label | sl | c | } } < br / > {{ font | југославија | size = 12 . 4px }} {{ ref label | sh - cyr | b | } } | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia | common _ name = yugoslavia | | continent = europe | region = balkans | era = [[ world war i ]] {{ • }} [[ world war ii ]] {{ • }} [[ cold war ]] {{ • }} [[ yugoslav wars ]] | government _ type = [[ monarchy ]] ( 1918 - 1945 ) < br > [[ republic ]] ( 1945 - 2006 ) | | year _ start = 1918 | year _ end = 2006 | event _ start = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | date _ start = 1 december | event _ end = end of yugoslavia | date _ end = 5 june | event1 = [[ yugoslav partisans ]] | date _ event1 = june 1941 | event2 = [[ united nations ]] [[ united nations charter | admission ]] | date _ event2 = 25 october 1945 | event3 = [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic ]] | date _ event3 = 29 november 1945 | event4 = [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic ]] | date _ event4 = 28 april 1992 | event5 = [[ constitutional charter of serbia and montenegro | state union ]] | date _ event5 = 24 february 2003 | | p1 = state of slovenes , croats and serbs | flag _ p1 = flag of the state of slovenes , croats and serbs . svg | p2 = kingdom of serbia | flag _ p2 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p3 = kingdom of montenegro | flag _ p3 = flag of the kingdom of montenegro . svg | p4 = free territory of trieste | flag _ p4 = free territory trieste flag . svg | s1 = croatia | flag _ s1 = flag of croatia . svg | s2 = slovenia | flag _ s2 = flag of slovenia . svg | s3 = republic of macedonia {{ ! }} macedonia | flag _ s3 = flag of the republic of macedonia 1991 - 1995 . svg | s4 = republic of bosnia and herzegovina {{ ! }} bosnia and herzegovina | flag _ s4 = flag of bosnia and herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | s5 = serbia | flag _ s5 = flag of serbia . svg | s6 = montenegro | flag _ s6 = flag of montenegro . svg | s7 = kosovo | flag _ s7 = flag of kosovo . svg | | image _ flag = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag = flag of yugoslavia | flag _ type = flag {{ small | ( 1945 - 1992 ) }} | image _ coat = grb jugoslavije . svg | symbol = emblem of yugoslavia | symbol _ type = emblem {{ small | ( 1963 - 1992 ) }} | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = general location of yugoslavia over the years . | | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | national _ motto = ' ' [[ brotherhood and unity | bratstvo i jedinstvo ]] ' ' < br / > {{ small | " brotherhood and unity " }} | national _ anthem = ' ' [[ hey , slavs | hej , slaveni ]] ' ' < br / > хеј , словени < br / > {{ small | " hey , slavs " }} < br / > {{ center | [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang -
1 balkans }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] }} | common _ languages = [[ serbo - croatian ]] {{ ref label | d | d }} < br / > [[ slovene language | slovene ]] {{ ref label | e | e }} < br / > [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] {{ ref label | f | f }} | religion = | demonym = [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav , yugoslavian ]] | currency = [[ yugoslav dinar ]] | [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr :
9382071 0 of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : peter i karageorgevich . jpg | thumb | 200px | right |
2 by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | marshal tito
12425395 0 teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1594 ; & # 1608
12429233 6 net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . goli - otok . com / britain / golio11a _ e . htm ] [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1594 ; & # 1608
12432682 7 net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . goli - otok . com / britain / golio11a _ e . htm ] [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1594 ; & # 1608
13170891 0 balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom
15173931 0 net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1594 ; & # 1608
22915113 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( югославия , ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[
23004425 1 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( југославија , ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[
30228431 0 {st@rt} laura is kool cuz she is the the queen ! ! ! ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a
30228538 0 {st@rt} laura and ashlyn and brooke are kool cuz they are the the queens ! ! ! ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a
37016800 0 slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . burek . co . yu burek forum ] the biggest forum in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / index _ eng . html / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugosl % c3 %
37483757 0 in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / pub18 . ezboard . com / bbalkans . com / illyria ( balkans ) forums ] - covers balkans and more ( has > 2000 members ) [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugosl % c3 %
37484865 0 in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / pub18 . ezboard . com / bbalkans . com / illyria ( balkans ) forums ] - covers balkans and more ( has > 2000 members ) [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugosl % c3 %
38611298 0 in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugosl % c3 %
40844515 0 previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) yes . = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[
40844573 0 previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) yes . = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[
43374852 0 ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[
43438993 0 family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugosl % c3 %
44918879 0 search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / kosovo . htm " the serbs were not oppressing the kosovo albanians " ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / ihralija1 . htm " what really happened in bosnia ? " ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ bg
44939549 0 search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / ihralija1 . htm " what really happened in bosnia ? " ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ bg
46064906 0 {st@rt} ' evan gelman put his small penis in his moms mouth ' ' italic text ' ' sick ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language
46064954 0 {st@rt} ' evan gelman put his small penis in his moms mouth ' ' italic text ' ' sick ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language
54555654 0 search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs
56280371 0 jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ( desambiguación ) ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[
57320182 15 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of the former yugoslavia ]] . = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new
59399315 0 {st@rt} {{ unreferenced }} {{ not verified }} {{ citations missing }} {{ cleanup - date | june 2006 }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language |
63522267 0 {st@rt} {{ cleanup - date | june 2006 }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language |
74759876 0 {st@rt} {{ unreferenced }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language |
75500223 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language |
75966431 1 basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation " of yugoslavia = = = the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[
76003356 2 for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the " liberation " of yugoslavia = = = the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[
76099571 0 6 ]] , [[ 2000 ]] . [[ image : banknoteyug . jpg | 300px | left | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] bill of 50 & nbsp ; [[ 1000000000 ( number ) | billion ]] [[ yugoslav dinar | dinars ]] ( 1993 ) ]] on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from
77952413 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language |
80304300 0 had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . even in defeat , jugoslavs were beating germans , time and again . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = = = = the [[ invasion of yugoslavia ]] = = = at 5 : 15 a . m .
80314145 22 had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . even in defeat , jugoslavs were beating germans , time and again . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = = = = the [[ invasion of yugoslavia ]] = = = at 5 : 15 a . m .
83862003 0 {st@rt} [[ image : locationkingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language |
85302648 0 }} [[ image : locationkingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . ]] emily rockz ! ! go vikings ! ! ! go back to olph you impostes ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ms . kerns is awesome ! ! ! ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian
85302695 0 }} [[ image : locationkingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . ]] emily rockz ! ! go vikings ! ! ! go back to olph you impostes ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ms . kerns is awesome ! ! ! ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian
87847188 0 , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of wwii world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6th ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece
88862349 0 / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] there is no more yugoslavia [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be :
93924283 3 [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es la : yugoslavia ( desambiguación ) ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]]
5 [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it hu : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja :
96146898 0 / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[
107938591 23 ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 :
111871835 0 stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] {{
130762151 0 stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . resistance - archive . org european resistance archive ( era ) ] video interviews with members of the resistance during world war ii [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] {{
130762743 0 stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . resistance - archive . org european resistance archive ( era ) ] video interviews with members of the resistance during world war ii [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] {{
131566036 0 [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] i like monkies alot if you don ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' '
1 image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' t your gay and not just regular gay super gay you know what else i like . . . . big penises oooh yummy . i like to put them in my mouth and suck the kum right out of them . i have a huge one you know what else i have . . . . . . tities please find me and suck them now have a nice day and don ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in
2 : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' t forget if you don ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[
134356995 0 ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ simple : yugoslavia ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ sh : jugoslavija ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]]
135830689 0 category : former slavic countries ]] {{ link fa | no }} [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[
144548416 2 ]] had previously been repelled ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision ) . = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = =
150660291 0 of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist
157506534 0 federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . = = = changes in yugoslavian religious demographics = = = [[ image : fm _ yugoslavia _ pol96 . jpeg | thumb | 200px | right | separate nations that comprised yugoslavia . ]] [[ yugoslavia ]] has always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions
160836749 0 previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) < ref > [[ citation needed ]] < / ref > = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = =
163795734 0 [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] they hate white cows and brown cats it is a sign of disrespect in their culture . ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' '
163795909 0 [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] they hate white cows and brown cats it is a sign of disrespect in their culture . ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' '
165959328 0 previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) < ref > [[ citation needed ]] < / ref > {{ fact }} = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = =
167812918 11 ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : from the middle ages to the present day : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad
17 : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad
176152092 1 [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] [[ media : = = example . ogg = = [[ image : example . jpg ]] ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' '
176171781 1 [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] [[ media : = = example . ogg = = [[ image : example . jpg ]] ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' '
184269620 1 ]] and most of [[ dalmatia ]] from the [[ cisleithania | austrian ]] part , and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] {{ section - stub }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s conquest = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other european powers due to developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization that pursued [[ nazi ]] policies . aleksandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vlatko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia | croatian banovina ]] ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} space = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = =
184269658 1 and most of [[ dalmatia ]] from the [[ cisleithania | austrian ]] part , and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . yugoslavia is a waste of space serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] {{ section - stub }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s conquest = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other european powers due to developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization that pursued [[ nazi ]] policies . aleksandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vlatko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia | croatian banovina ]] ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = =
192073726 1 | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | југославија }} , {{ lang | sh - latn | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ;
192075557 19 right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | југославија }} , {{ lang | sh - latn | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' }} , {{ lang - en | [[ south slavia ]] }} ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]]
199460361 0 [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] lalalalalllalalla these peeps love horses with 6 legs ! ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , " југославија " in [[ cyrillic alphabet
199460506 0 [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] lalalalalllalalla these peeps love horses with 6 legs ! ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , " југославија " in [[ cyrillic alphabet
203556024 12 in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbian : краљевина југославија ; croatian , slovene [[ macedonian ]] : kraljevina jugoslavija ) . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the
208433221 0 [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] the yugoslavian people came to the balkans in the 7th century posed as barbarians ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin
208434853 0 [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] the yugoslavian people came to the balkans in the 17th century posed as barbarians ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin
209354125 0 [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] kurt fuck ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin
209354166 0 [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] kurt fuck ' ' ' yugoslavia kurt fuck egg ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin
210610320 0 [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ en bs : jugoslavija ( čvor ) ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ eu : jugoslaviako errepublika federal sozialista ]] [[ fa
210766615 1 albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of former sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and
210767374 2 ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags flag of former sfr yugoslavia and the newly recognized countries " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg
210773864 1 ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flag flags of former sfr yugoslavia " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia < / gallery > < gallery caption = " flags of the currently recognized
8 albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flag of former sfr yugoslavia " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia < / gallery > < gallery caption = " flags of the currently recognized countries "
212663303 1 ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[
216850189 20 org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit
223093900 4 in exile during world war ii ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ( čvor ) ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[
229696197 0 [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] yugoslavia rocks yugoslavia is bitchin yugoslaviai love it yugoslavia it makes me want to lala on the kitchen yugoslavia is where george bush is frome ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin
229697900 0 [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] yugoslavia rocks yugoslavia is bitchin yugoslaviai love it yugoslavia it makes me want to lala on the kitchen yugoslavia is where george bush is frome ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin
230372327 0 ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ mr : युगोस्लाव्हिया ]] [[ ms : yugoslavia ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ nn : jugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[
231810520 0 the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg
236440032 0 of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] pol ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian
236484347 0 of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the pol political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian
237753866 0 image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' i am a pimp ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]]
237762912 0 image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' i am a pimp ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]]
242044969 1 delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ image : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović | stjepan " stevo " filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) seconds before plunging to his death . ]] {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi italians ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and [[ hungary | hungarian ]] forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] [[ puppet state ]] , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . one such camp was the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . a large number of men , women and children , jews , serbs , and croat resistance members , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a croatian national . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , while cooperating with the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces we the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of
242045283 0 operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = lol = = yugoslavia is often the target of people who are doing it for the lulz ( see : cyberterror ) = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of
242045358 0 , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = lol = = yugoslavia is often the target of people who are doing it for the lulz ( see : cyberterror ) = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of
244325833 144 in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of
247935764 27 also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of serbia [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image
252030969 1 dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} * ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _
255917975 0 national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . on december 3rd of 2008 yogoslavia was oficially changed to ugaslavia . = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist
255925883 0 national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . on december 3rd of 2008 yogoslavia was oficially changed to ugaslavia . = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist
259631121 0 ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ image : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[
260573050 0 national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist
262054633 24 after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ image file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb
28 accused the serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia resulted in the bosnian war . ]] [[ image file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 .
29 bosnian war . ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ image file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia
266845832 1 ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , while cooperating with the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces we the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . fun = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist
266846137 1 executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > yogoslavia was fun developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , while cooperating with the occupation forces to an ever greater extent . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces we the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist
271837671 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] fil ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian
271862090 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ fil file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian
280695238 0 locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' i hate yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[
280695474 0 locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' i hate yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[
288014554 1 yougoslavie ]] [[ ga : an iúgslaiv ]] [[ gv : yn yugoslaavey ]] [[ gl : iugoslavia - југославија ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : juhosłowjanska ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ jv : yugoslavia ]] [[
288331355 0 maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom people of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the
288331712 0 maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = people kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the
292035709 2 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin
292399062 0 joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ( čvor ) ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[
1 joegoslaavje ]] [[ ga : an iúgslaiv ]] [[ gv : yn yugoslaavey ]] [[ gl : iugoslavia - југославија ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : juhosłowjanska ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ jv : yugoslavia ]] [[
292754074 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ serbian
292756508 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin
292896152 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} why everyone has the same name ending " ich " in yugoslavia ? ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin
292896398 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} why everyone has the same name ending " ich " in yugoslavia ? ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin
294280606 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ montenegrin
298350020 0 ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ jv : yugoslavia ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ ky : югославия ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ ku : yûgoslaviya ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[
299640136 0 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' i am moving to yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian
312891771 0 even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned , communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia ]] ( autonomous region with significant internal self - government ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . the entire kingdom was to be federalized but [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfilment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > tacos are good = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[
337642740 9 {st@rt} {{ mergeto | sfr yugoslavia | kingdom of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro | date = january 2010 }} {{ mergeto | history of yugoslavia | date = january 2010 }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin
337768752 0 {st@rt} {{ mergeto | sfr yugoslavia | kingdom of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro | date = january 2010 }} {{ mergeto | history of yugoslavia | date = january 2010 }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats
337769009 10 {st@rt} {{ mergeto | sfr yugoslavia | kingdom of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro | date = january 2010 }} {{ mergeto | history of yugoslavia | date = january 2010 }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin
337769485 0 {st@rt} {{ mergeto | sfr yugoslavia | kingdom of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro | date = january 2010 }} {{ mergeto | history of yugoslavia | date = january 2010 }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats
337777732 10 {st@rt} {{ mergeto | sfr yugoslavia | kingdom of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro | date = january 2010 }} {{ mergeto | history of yugoslavia | date = january 2010 }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin
338545828 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ summary from | kingdom of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats
8 [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr , yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia
11 ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr sfry yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003
340419473 5 . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[
358279410 0 ]] [[ ku : yûgoslaviya ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ mr : युगोस्लाव्हिया ]] [[ arz : يوجوسلافيا ]] [[ ms : yugoslavia ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ nn : jugoslavia ]] [[ pap : yugoslavia ]] [[
382505267 0 ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ qu : yuguslawya ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ sc : iugoslàvia ]] [[ scn : jugoslavia ]] [[ si : යුගොස්ලෝවියාව ]] [[ simple : yugoslavia ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ sh : jugoslavija ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[
400599300 12 subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = socialist yugoslavia = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic
404939419 0 ] * [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay the collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} {{ coord | 44 | 49 | 14 | n | 20 | 27 | 44 | e | type : city _ source : kolossus - hewiki | display = title }} [[ category : yugoslavia | yugoslavia ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]]
446485759 4 self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] *
448875139 0 ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ qu : yuguslawya ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ sc : iugoslàvia ]] [[ scn : jugoslavia ]] [[ si : යුගොස්ලෝවියාව ]] [[ simple : yugoslavia ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ sh : jugoslavija ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[
452851119 0 slawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] [[ bar : jugoslawien ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : república federal de iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da :
468701811 17 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] = = = new states = = = countries created from the former collapse of yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > !
44 point in the events to follow . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} though the 1974 constitution dampened the institutional and material powers of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted
50 june 2006 , and [[ serbia ]] ' s formal declaration of independence on 5 june . many view this as the final end of what was left of the former [[ yugoslavia ]] . = = legacy = = {{ main | former yugoslavia }} [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | states and
495585894 16 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics
495666744 31 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal
495668696 18 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics
496174460 8 [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 210 | header = | image1 = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right
15 svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and provinces of sfr yugoslavia ]] on 29 november 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by
497534237 0 = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ about | the country in the western balkans | the post - breakup federal republic of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : location
514655419 0 ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] ca ext : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگسلاوی ]] [[ fo : jugoslavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ fy : joegoslaavje ]] [[ ga : an iúgslaiv ]] [[
1 [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ iugoslàvia : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگسلاوی ]] [[ fo : jugoslavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ fy : joegoslaavje ]] [[ ga : an iúgslaiv ]] [[ gv
2 da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ ext [[ yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگسلاوی ]] [[ fo : jugoslavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ fy : joegoslaavje ]] [[ ga : an iúgslaiv ]] [[ gv :
525949070 0 ]] [[ arz : يوجوسلافيا ]] [[ ms : yugoslavia ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ nn : jugoslavia ]] [[ pa : ਯੂਗੋਸਲਾਵੀਆ ]] [[ pap : yugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ qu : yuguslawya ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[
537097237 6 rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november 2000 . < ref > {{ cite web | title name = fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme
539572794 1 югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old : югаславія ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ bar : jugoslawien ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ ext : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگسلاوی ]] [[ fo : jugoslavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[
547327217 0 [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 210 | header = | image1 = [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | caption1 = flag of [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | sfr yugoslavia ]] | image2 = yugoslavia . svg | caption2 = republics
664053395 0 | 44 | 49 | 14 | n | 20 | 27 | 44 | e | type : city _ source : kolossus - hewiki | display = title }} {{ authority control }} [[ category : yugoslavia | 01 ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]]
674434116 0 europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] ' ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija
685200357 0 europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] ' ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' '
685264223 1 europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] ' ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija
685357030 3 europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] ' ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' '
685369118 2 europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] ' ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija
685373368 3 europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] ' ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' '
685440379 2 europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] ' ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija
685823188 0 europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] ' ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' '
702589142 56 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > after an economic and political crisis in the [[ 1980s ]] and the rise of nationalism , [[ yugoslavia ]] [[ breakup of yugoslavia | broke up ]] along its republics ' borders , at first into five countries , leading to the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . after
68 ]] proclaimed independence in [[ 2008 ]] . = = background = = ' ' ' {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' the concept of ' ' [[ yugoslavia ]] ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] peoples , emerged in the late [[ 17th century ]] and gained prominence
729316827 1 location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the original western border left a population of half a million [[ south slavs ]] < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = noalhezkydkc & pg = pa45 & dq = % 22the + treaty + left + half + a + million + slavs + inside + italy + while + only + a + few + hundred + italians & lr = & sig = acfu3u1d _ etppjl - 3k8nsyws4mfuun44sq a low dishonest decade : italy , the powers and eastern europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian language
768996113 8 }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] | deputy1 = [[ josip broz tito ]] {{ small | ( first ) }} | deputy2 = [[ milan pančevski ]] {{ small | ( last ) }} | year _ deputy1 = 1945 – 1980 | year _ deputy2 = 1989 – 1990 --> | | legislature = [[ parliament of yugoslavia | federal assembly ]] | house1 = [[ federal assembly of the sfry | chamber of republics ]] | house2 = [[ federal assembly of the sfry | federal chamber ]] | | stat _ year1 = 1989 | stat _ area1 = 255804 | stat _ pop1 = 23724919 | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | today = {{ flagcountry | serbia }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | croatia }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | bosnia and herzegovina }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | montenegro }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | kosovo }} {{ efn | {{ kosovo - note }} }} | footnote _ a = {{ note | sh - lat }} full name in the [[ serbo - croatian ]] language , written in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ( see [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia # name | name ]] section for details ) . | footnote _ b = {{ note | sh - cyr }} full name in [[ serbo - croatian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , written in [[ cyrillic script | cyrillic ]] . | footnote _ c = {{ note | sl }} full name in the [[ slovene language ]] ( slovene only uses [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin ]] ) . | footnote _ d = {{ note | d }} there was no ' ' [[ de jure ]] ' ' official language at the federal level , < ref name = " hladczuk1992 " > {{ cite book | author = john hladczuk | title = international handbook of reading education | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = 1yl9 _ n1k1q0c & pg = pa454 | date = 1 january 1992 | publisher = greenwood publishing group | isbn = 978 - 0 - 313 - 26253 - 1 | pages = 454 – }} < / ref > < ref name = " altman1978 " > {{ cite book | author = gavro altman | title = yugoslavia : a multinational community | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = f - mnaaaamaaj | year = 1978 | publisher = jugoslovenska stvarnost }} < / ref > < ref name = " tulasiewicz1971 " > {{ cite book | author = jan bruno tulasiewicz | title = economic growth and development : a case study | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = b1wkaaaamaaj | year = 1971 | publisher = morris print . company }} < / ref > but [[ serbo - croatian ]] was ' ' de facto ' ' official . it was also legally the official language in the federal republics of [[ socialist republic of serbia | serbia ]] , [[ socialist republic of croatia | croatia ]] , [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia and herzegovina ]] , and [[ socialist republic of montenegro | montenegro ]] . < ref name = " hladczuk1992 " / > < ref name = " altman1978 " / > | footnote _ e = {{ note | e }} official in [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] . | footnote _ f = {{ note | f }} official in [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] . }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија , {{ lang - sl | jugoslavija }} , {{ lang - mk |
772701137 14 1945 – 1953 | year _ representative2 = 1989 – 1991 | | title _ deputy = [[ general secretary of the league of communists of yugoslavia | general secretary ]] | deputy1 = [[ josip broz tito ]] {{ small | ( first ) }} | deputy2 = [[ milan pančevski ]] {{ small | ( last ) }} | year _ deputy1 = 1945 – 1980 | year _ deputy2 = 1989 – 1990 --> | | legislature = [[ parliament of yugoslavia | federal assembly ]] | house1 = [[ federal assembly of the sfry | chamber of republics ]] | house2 = [[ federal assembly of the sfry | federal chamber ]] | | stat _ year1 = 1989 | stat _ area1 = 255804 | stat _ pop1 = 23724919 | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | today = {{ flagcountry | serbia }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | croatia }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | bosnia and herzegovina }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | montenegro }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flagcountry | kosovo }} {{ efn | {{ kosovo - note }} }} | footnote _ a = {{ note | sh - lat }} full name in the [[ serbo - croatian ]] language , written in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ( see [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia # name | name ]] section for details ) . | footnote _ b = {{ note | sh - cyr }} full name in [[ serbo - croatian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , written in [[ cyrillic script | cyrillic ]] . | footnote _ c = {{ note | sl }} full name in the [[ slovene language ]] ( slovene only uses [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin ]] ) . | footnote _ d = {{ note | d }} there was no ' ' [[ de jure ]] ' ' official language at the federal level , < ref name = " hladczuk1992 " > {{ cite book | author = john hladczuk | title = international handbook of reading education | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = 1yl9 _ n1k1q0c & pg = pa454 | date = 1 january 1992 | publisher = greenwood publishing group | isbn = 978 - 0 - 313 - 26253 - 1 | pages = 454 – }} < / ref > < ref name = " altman1978 " > {{ cite book | author = gavro altman | title = yugoslavia : a multinational community | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = f - mnaaaamaaj | year = 1978 | publisher = jugoslovenska stvarnost }} < / ref > < ref name = " tulasiewicz1971 " > {{ cite book | author = jan bruno tulasiewicz | title = economic growth and development : a case study | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = b1wkaaaamaaj | year = 1971 | publisher = morris print . company }} < / ref > but [[ serbo - croatian ]] was ' ' de facto ' ' official . it was also legally the official language in the federal republics of [[ socialist republic of serbia | serbia ]] , [[ socialist republic of croatia | croatia ]] , [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia and herzegovina ]] , and [[ socialist republic of montenegro | montenegro ]] . < ref name = " hladczuk1992 " / > < ref name = " altman1978 " / > | footnote _ e = {{ note | e }} official in [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] . | footnote _ f = {{ note | f }} official in [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] . }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија , {{ lang - sl | jugoslavija }} , {{ lang - mk |
790060291 0 }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : former _ yugoslavia _ 2008 . png | thumb | right | 300px | yugoslavia succeeds to seven countries , which are [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] and [[ former yugoslavia republic of macedonia ]] ( fyrom ) . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија {{ ipa - sh | juɡǒslaːʋija | } } ; {{ lang - sl
790094965 0 }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : former _ yugoslavia _ 2008 . png | thumb | right | 300px | yugoslavia succeeds to seven countries , which are [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ( disputed ) . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија {{ ipa - sh | juɡǒslaːʋija | } } ; {{ lang - sl
817382760 5 - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]] | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start = 1 december 1918 | event1 = [[ invasion of yugoslavia | axis invasion ]] | date _ event1 = 6 april 1941 | event2 = [[ abolition of monarchy ]] | date _ event2 = 29 november 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april 1992 | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1918 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = yugoslav dinar | footnotes = | footnotes2 = | today = }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian
824490818 5 symbol _ type = emblem ( 1963 – 1992 ) | symbol _ type _ article = emblem of yugoslavia | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian
9 > {{ small | " national anthem of the kingdom of yugoslavia " }} < br / > {{ center | [[ file : himna kraljevine jugoslavije . ogg ]] }} < br / > ' ' ' 1943 – 1992 ' ' ' : < br / > ' ' [[ hej , slaveni ]] ' ' ( unofficial ) < br / > хеј , словени < br / > {{ small | " hey , slavs " }} < br / > {{ center | [[ file : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] }} | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = ' ' ' 1921 – 1945 : ' ' ' < br / > [[ serbo - croato - slovene ]] {{ ref label | scs | a | } } < ref name = " busch2004 " > {{ cite book | last1 = busch | first1 = birgitta | last2 = kelly - holmes | first2 = helen | title = language , discourse and borders in the yugoslav successor states | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = mlxq5zkb _ vqc & pg = pa26 | year = 2004 | publisher = multilingual matters | isbn = 978 - 1 - 85359 - 732 - 9 | pages = 26 }} < / ref > < br / > ' ' ' 1945 – 1992 : ' ' ' < br / > [[ serbo - croatian ]] < br / > [[ slovene language | slovene ]] < br / > [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | government _ type = [[ constitutional monarchy ]] < br / > {{ small | ( 1918 – 1929 ; 1931 – 1945 ) }} < br > [[ absolute monarchy ]] {{ small | ( 1929 – 1931 ) }} < br / > [[ federal republic | federal ]] [[ socialist state | socialist ]] [[ republic ]] {{ small | ( 1945 – 1992 ) }} | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start = 1 december | year _ start = 1918 | event1 = [[ invasion of yugoslavia | axis invasion ]] | date _ event1 = 6 april 1941 | event2 = [[ abolition of monarchy ]] | date _ event2 = 29 november 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1918 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = [[ yugoslav krone ]] < br / > {{ small | ( 1918 – 1920 ) }} < br / > [[ yugoslav dinar ]] < br / > {{ small | ( 1920 – 1992 ) }} | today = {{ flag | serbia }} < br / > {{ flag | croatia }} < br / > {{ flag | bosnia and herzegovina }} < br / > {{ flag | montenegro }} < br / > {{ flag | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | b | } } | footnote _ a = {{ note | scs }} [[ serbo - croatian ]] and [[ slovene language | slovene ]] are separate languages , but that was not officially accepted or universally acknowledged at the time , and ' serbo - croato - slovene ' was declared the single official language ( ' ' srpsko - hrvatsko - slovenački ; ' ' also translated " serbocroatoslovenian " ) . in practice it functioned as serbo - croatian . < ref > {{ cite book | title = entangled histories of the balkans : volume one : national ideologies and language policies | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = fgmjqmflygoc & pg = pa371 | year = 2013 | publisher = koninklijke brill nv | isbn = 978 - 90 - 04 - 25076 - 5 | page = 371 | editor1 - first = rumen | editor1 - last = daskalov | editor2 - first = tchavdar | editor2 - last = marinov | chapter = language and identity : the fate of serbo - croatian | first = ronelle | last = alexander | quote = now , however , the official language of the new state , the kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes , bore the unwieldy name serbo - croato - slovene ( ' ' srpsko - hrvatsko - slovenački ' ' ) . }} < / ref > < ref > {{ cite book | last1 = wojciechowski | first1 = sebastian | last2 = burszta | first2 = wojciech j . | last3 = kamusella | first3 = tomasz | title = nationalisms across the globe : an overview of nationalisms in state - endowed and stateless nations | volume = 2 | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = hxyuaqaaiaaj | year = 2006 | publisher = school of humanities and journalism | isbn = 978 - 83 - 87653 - 46 - 0 | page = 79 | quote = similarly , the 1921 constitution declared serbocroatoslovenian as the official and national language of the kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenians . }} < / ref > | footnote _ b = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian
827934807 4 - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]] | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start = 1 december | year _ start = 1918 | event1 = [[ invasion of yugoslavia | axis invasion ]] | date _ event1 = 6 april 1941 | event2 = [[ abolition of monarchy ]] | date _ event2 = 29 november 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1918 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = yugoslav dinar | footnotes = | footnotes2 = | today = }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian
group 22
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
193894652 6 flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of
193899901 6 flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of
194084019 3 flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of
194172419 2 flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of
194423248 1 flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of
195272713 0 flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of
195659567 0 flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of
195753298 0 flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of
198660567 0 flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of
199793330 0 . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ select , biased or bully european countries like germany , france , britain or the u . s . do not speak for the entire planet about kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages
199794579 1 . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia select , biased or bullying by european countries like germany , france , britain or the u . s . do not speak for the entire planet about image : flag _ of _ kosovo . no map of kosovo is legal thus far . the " territory " not province of kosovo was not legally separated from serbia . any flag , or rcognition
199794926 6 . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and
199795049 1 . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia international pending full recognition is not full recognition . must i declare that i am a billionaire , when i don ' t even have a penny ? < / gallery >
199795294 4 . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo law . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and
199795480 8 . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia no kosovo until full recgnition of the world and respect of international law . i ' m sorry , but i can make a " pending full recognition " claim of quebec canada . not legal until full recognition . < /
199795956 1 . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long
199796056 0 . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) play hard ball , but this flag is still illegal under interntional law . < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural
199796548 1 . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history
199796772 0 . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) : flag and " nation currently illegal " , or as legal as quebec , scotland , republika srpska , skadar , epirus ,
202901617 0 yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | fyr of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag
205709433 1 yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | fyr republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image :
205710953 1 flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia ( fyrom ) image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _
205763412 1 flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia ( fyrom ) image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _
206669578 1 yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | former yugoslav republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image
206671147 6 yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | former yugoslav republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image
208630542 0 yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | former yugoslav republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia <
208650124 2 yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | former yugoslav republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia <
210295199 2 union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia < br > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic
3 flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image :
4 : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of image : flag of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < /
7 yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < /
210295514 1 union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia < br > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo
210295743 0 union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia ( previously ) image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo
210316137 1 svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of vojvodina . svg | vojvodina < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of
5 union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia ( previously ) image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo
6 yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia ( previously ) image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of
7 . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of vojvodina . svg | vojvodina < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of
210766272 3 flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image :
4 : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of image : flag of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < /
7 yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < /
210766951 2 yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | republic of kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag
210767374 5 montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of vojvodina . svg | autonomous province of vojvodina currently image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg
210773864 4 bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | republic of kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of vojvodina . svg | autonomous province of vojvodina < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the
11 " flags of the currently recognized countries " > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | republic of kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of
12 . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of vojvodina . svg | autonomous province of vojvodina < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the
229663329 1 flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image :
229719056 1 flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image :
229854164 0 flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo . svg | kosovo image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image :
231810520 1 union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic
2 flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg |
4 : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image
5 flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image :
6 yugoslavia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia <
7 flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < / gallery >
8 bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties
9 and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties =
10 svg | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and
11 | croatia image : flag of macedonia . svg | republic of macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the
237570587 2 independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag
244370322 3 bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image :
247935764 28 the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of
29 european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ serbia image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia
31 sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro
34 yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of
35 . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ slovenia image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia
37 of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[
56 european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of
58 . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of
257769716 54 ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image :
318046156 21 | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | png | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - |
400599300 4 of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat
13 of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ [[ file : flag of flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of
28 of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat
496174460 1 " ( slavs ) . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | thumb caption1 = yugoslavia at the time of its dissolution , early 1992 | right | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : banovine jugoslavia . png | thumb | 250px | right | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions
2 slavs ) . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right image2 = banovine jugoslavia . png | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : banovine jugoslavia . png | thumb | 250px | right | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas
9 dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | caption1 = flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and provinces of yugoslavia ]] on 29 november 1945
547327217 1 of yugoslavia }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 210 | header = | image1 = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | caption1 = thumb | 250px | flag of [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | sfr yugoslavia ]] | image2 = yugoslavia . svg | caption2 = republics and autonomous provinces of sfr yugoslavia }} on 29
785635499 3 about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main article | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | 250px | flag of the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ]] on 11 november 1945 [[ yugoslavian parliamentary election , 1945 | elections ]] were held with only the communist
818641417 1 {{ ! }} fr yugoslavia | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | | image _ flag = flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag ( 1918 - 1941 ) | image _ flag2 = 120px ]] < br > < br > [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag2 _ type = flag ( 1946 - 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = | symbol = |
2 flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag ( 1918 - 1941 ) | image _ flag2 = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag2 120px ]] | flag _ type = flag ( 1946 - 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map
819801402 0 herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | s5 = serbia and montenegro {{ ! }} fr yugoslavia | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | | image _ flag = [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 120px ]] < br > < br > [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px ]] | image _ flag = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px
820519392 0 ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | s5 = serbia and montenegro {{ ! }} federal republic of yugoslavia | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | | image _ flag = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag ( 1945 - 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat
823677880 0 yugoslavia | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | image _ flag = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag ( 1945 - 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = grb jugoslavije . svg | symbol _ type = emblem ( 1963 - 1992 ) | symbol _ type
846882529 1 sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( 1918 - 1939 ) < br / > bottom : flag ( 1945 - 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file :
group 23
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
644599 0 < td > [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png ]] < / tr > < / td > < tr > < td > < i > fig . 1 - current map of yugoslavia < / i > < / tr > < / td > < / table > the united nations , and many individual states ( including the [[
31961080 69 croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - [[ 2015 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] =
47183247 1 yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) - - [[ user : 70 / / www . 157 . 68 . 26 | 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 ]] 01 : 16 , 6 april 2006 ( utc ) poop
80382137 6 central ]] [[ europe ]] at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . , england , holland their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states
27 central ]] [[ europe ]] at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states eager to gain independence for [[ slovenia ]] and [[ croatia ]] ; on the other side was the [[ united states ]] , eager to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and " globalised " its political economy through " shock therapy " in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] and , more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 -
85539858 16 yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * carmichael , cathie . 2005 ‘t = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[
85546527 6 about the roots of the yugoslav troubles ’ , ' ' nationalities papers ' ' , vol . 32 , no . 4 , december 2004 , pp . 731 - 026101 - x = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[
87847188 60 dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated
61 , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders
72 result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in [[ 1990 ]] - [[ 1991 ]] is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand
73 both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in [[ 1990 ]] - [[ 1991 ]] is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration
92831259 0 . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[
98390975 0 al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 . * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books ,
103590946 3 to the secession of most of the constituent elements of the sfry . the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( 1992 - 2003 ]] ) was a [[ federation ]] on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of
4 the secession of most of the constituent elements of the sfry . the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( 1992 - 2003 ) , was a [[ federation ]] on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[
107938591 47 : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 . * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 . * owen , david : '
117037791 1 the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] [[ 1943 ]] - [[ 25 june ]] [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of
117265106 1 the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] [[ 1943 ]] - [[ 25 june ]] [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of
118307706 0 guides , london , 2006 * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html , monday , dec . 04 , 1944 new power ] = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and
118410947 0 guides , london , 2006 * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html new power ] = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and
137226277 1 ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 * glenny , misha , ' ' the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches
6 : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : " yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 * owen , david : ' '
158105237 0 service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia , the outworn structure ( cia report from november 1970 ) ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr /
168734899 15 see below ) * [[ november ]] , [[ 1995 ]] , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ 1996 ]] - [[ 1999 ]] clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] nato bombing of
16 ) * [[ november ]] , [[ 1995 ]] , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ 1996 ]] - [[ 1999 ]] clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] nato bombing of fr yugoslavia
176166679 0 ]] ( [[ user talk : 24 . 128 . 145 . 93 | talk ]] ) 14 : 28 , 6 december 2007 ( utc ) - - - - - - - - yugoslavia is a big fat poop face ! ! ! ! and should be taken over by the french . - - - - {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb
192075557 2 ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | југославија }} , {{ lang | sh - latn | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' }} , {{ lang - en | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] }} ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] .
193660078 0 , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr
206782246 1 province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 2970 = = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 230px | right | map of yugoslavia in [[ 1919 ]] showing the provisional borders
206801668 1 province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1994 - 2970 1928 = = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 230px | right | map of yugoslavia in [[ 1919 ]] showing the provisional borders
246000728 0 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] aknowledge the lie : www . youtube . com / watch ? v = zp6c18jb - dg watch this - stop world criminalisation of serbs < embed id = " videoplayback " src = " http : / / video . google . com / googleplayer . swf ? docid = 5860186121153047571 & hl = nl & fs = true " style = " width : 400px ; height : 326px " allowfullscreen = " true " allowscriptaccess = " always " type = " application / x - shockwave - flash " > < / embed > < embed id = " videoplayback " src = " http : / / video . google . com / googleplayer . swf ? docid = 6371060303901674397 & hl = nl & fs = true " style = " width : 400px ; height : 326px " allowfullscreen = " true " allowscriptaccess = " always " type = " application / x - shockwave - flash " > < / embed > = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob :
247526296 30 http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in
257767654 14 socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 - 1963 ) | autonomous province
259243918 0 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of macedonia .
259244099 0 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of macedonia . svg |
259244531 0 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of macedonia . svg |
265036679 0 jugoslavio ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ga : an iúgslaiv ]] [[ gv : yn yugoslaavey ]] [[ gl : iugoslavia - југославија ]] [[ zh - classical : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : juhosłowjanska ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[
286234398 0 center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia .
286234467 0 center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia | former yugoslav republic of macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[
294986351 0 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg |
294986627 0 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg |
337480691 8 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia skopje ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
337480914 7 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ skopje macedonia ( country ) | skopje ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
337768752 12 the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with the 1918 collapse of [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austria - hungary ]] at the end of [[ world war i ]] and the formation of the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) , state union , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast
13 democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a centralized yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . < ref > {{ cite book | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xcp7oxqe0fmc & pg = pa624 | title = the balkans since 1453 | page = 624 }} < / ref > during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned , communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia ]] ( autonomous region with significant internal self - government ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . the entire kingdom was to be federalized but [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . from 1941 - 45 , the croatian [[ ustaše ]] regime murdered around 500 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism , the victims were predominantly [[ serbs ]] , but include 37 , 000 [[ jews ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center - [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > ' ' see : [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ' ' = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces . ]] [[ file : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] . ]] [[ file : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] congress . ]] {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} on november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six people ' s republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coa of sr croatia . png | 40px ]] < center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry montenegro . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after the intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . yugoslavia solved the national issue or nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag and / or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well as the republics of bosnia and herzegovina , and montenegro , were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . in slovenia the recognized minorities were hungarians and italians . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo - metohija ]] formed a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] but those provinces also formed part of the federation , which led to the unique situation that [[ central serbia ]] did not have its own assembly but a joint assembly with its provinces represented in it . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | changes in yugoslavian religious demographics }} yugoslavia had always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of [[ modernization ]] and [[ urbanization ]] , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post - war communist government ' s policies on national unity and state structure . after the rise of [[ communism ]] , a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the total population of yugoslavia considered themselves to be religious believers . the places of highest religious concentration were that of [[ kosovo ]] with 91 % and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] with 83 . 8 % . the places of lowest religious concentration were [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created in ethnic albanian - majority populated [[ kosovo ]] and the mixed - populated [[ vojvodina ]] . these autonomous provinces held the same voting power as the republics but unlike the republics , they could not legally separate from yugoslavia . this concession satisfied croatia and slovenia , but in serbia and in the new autonomous province of kosovo , reaction was different . serbs saw the new constitution as conceding to croat and ethnic albanian nationalists . ethnic albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeopardizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s which was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] loan . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of 1990 directly following the adoption of the imf programme , another 889 enterprises with a combined work - force of 525 , 000 workers suffered the same fate . in other words , in less than two years " the trigger mechanism " ( under the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . an additional 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = though the 1974 constitution dampened the institutional and material powers of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia to become part of a [[ greater serbia ]] which he accused the serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia resulted in the bosnian war . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ stress ( biological ) | tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb communities within croatia rebelling and trying to secede from the croat republic . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at around 80 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was quickly declining for several reasons , among them the ever increasing ethnic tensions and subsequent emigration from the area . by 1999 the slavs formed as little as 10 % of the total population in kosovo . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovan republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the plurality population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenes , supported by croats , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to cede power peacefully . other yugoslav republics – especially serbia – were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) against the two of the union but as the year passed other republics communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater autonomy of the republics ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , since it became clear that serbian domination attempts and increasingly different levels of democratic standards were becoming increasingly incompatible . [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia wouldn ' t accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces . when in august 1990 croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina led to a war that lasted more than 3 years ( see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of macedonia was peaceful , although the yugoslav army occupied the peak of the straža mountain on the macedonian soil . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from the dalmatian coast towards the inland almost a year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to [[ croatian home guard | home guard ]] ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disaramament of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between the croatian defence minister martin špegelj and the two men , filmed by the yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . the film was spiced by distorting sounds and fabricated voice of the croatian minister . also , guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the army was seen as a serbian service by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo and montenegro during [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution # october 1988 : vojvodina : yogurt revolution | yogurt revolutions ]] . following the first multi - party election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics . by this proposal republics would have right to self - determination . however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on march 9 , 1991 , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police were mostly already slovenian before slovenia ' s declaration of independence . the following day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within the next 48 hours . however , because of the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts that the federation was under attack by foreign forces , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on the ground where they served their conscription , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the austrian [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defense , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army – houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana – zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport were killed . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ debt moratorium | moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the police forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some strategic places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in most others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia ( prohor pčinjski part ) , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | vmro ]] ' ' ) . this was despite the fact that the yugoslav army refused to abandon its military infrastructure on the top of the straža mountain up to the year [[ 2000 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on november 27 , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = 1991 - 09 - 25 | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on january 9 , 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 – 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was not clear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied . the republic ' s government declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january 15 , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * june 14 , 1996 , the [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] is signed , limiting the military equipment of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * 1996 – 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia ( serbia and montenegro ) * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast :
337769485 12 the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with the 1918 collapse of [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austria - hungary ]] at the end of [[ world war i ]] and the formation of the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) , state union , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast
13 democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a centralized yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . < ref > {{ cite book | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xcp7oxqe0fmc & pg = pa624 | title = the balkans since 1453 | page = 624 }} < / ref > during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned , communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia ]] ( autonomous region with significant internal self - government ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . the entire kingdom was to be federalized but [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . from 1941 - 45 , the croatian [[ ustaše ]] regime murdered around 500 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism , the victims were predominantly [[ serbs ]] , but include 37 , 000 [[ jews ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center - [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > ' ' see : [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ' ' = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces . ]] [[ file : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] . ]] [[ file : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] congress . ]] {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} on november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six people ' s republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coa of sr croatia . png | 40px ]] < center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry montenegro . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after the intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . yugoslavia solved the national issue or nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag and / or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well as the republics of bosnia and herzegovina , and montenegro , were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . in slovenia the recognized minorities were hungarians and italians . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo - metohija ]] formed a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] but those provinces also formed part of the federation , which led to the unique situation that [[ central serbia ]] did not have its own assembly but a joint assembly with its provinces represented in it . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | changes in yugoslavian religious demographics }} yugoslavia had always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of [[ modernization ]] and [[ urbanization ]] , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post - war communist government ' s policies on national unity and state structure . after the rise of [[ communism ]] , a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the total population of yugoslavia considered themselves to be religious believers . the places of highest religious concentration were that of [[ kosovo ]] with 91 % and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] with 83 . 8 % . the places of lowest religious concentration were [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created in ethnic albanian - majority populated [[ kosovo ]] and the mixed - populated [[ vojvodina ]] . these autonomous provinces held the same voting power as the republics but unlike the republics , they could not legally separate from yugoslavia . this concession satisfied croatia and slovenia , but in serbia and in the new autonomous province of kosovo , reaction was different . serbs saw the new constitution as conceding to croat and ethnic albanian nationalists . ethnic albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeopardizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s which was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] loan . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of 1990 directly following the adoption of the imf programme , another 889 enterprises with a combined work - force of 525 , 000 workers suffered the same fate . in other words , in less than two years " the trigger mechanism " ( under the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . an additional 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = though the 1974 constitution dampened the institutional and material powers of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia to become part of a [[ greater serbia ]] which he accused the serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia resulted in the bosnian war . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ stress ( biological ) | tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb communities within croatia rebelling and trying to secede from the croat republic . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at around 80 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was quickly declining for several reasons , among them the ever increasing ethnic tensions and subsequent emigration from the area . by 1999 the slavs formed as little as 10 % of the total population in kosovo . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovan republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the plurality population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenes , supported by croats , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to cede power peacefully . other yugoslav republics – especially serbia – were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) against the two of the union but as the year passed other republics communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater autonomy of the republics ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , since it became clear that serbian domination attempts and increasingly different levels of democratic standards were becoming increasingly incompatible . [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia wouldn ' t accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces . when in august 1990 croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina led to a war that lasted more than 3 years ( see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of macedonia was peaceful , although the yugoslav army occupied the peak of the straža mountain on the macedonian soil . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from the dalmatian coast towards the inland almost a year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to [[ croatian home guard | home guard ]] ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disaramament of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between the croatian defence minister martin špegelj and the two men , filmed by the yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . the film was spiced by distorting sounds and fabricated voice of the croatian minister . also , guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the army was seen as a serbian service by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo and montenegro during [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution # october 1988 : vojvodina : yogurt revolution | yogurt revolutions ]] . following the first multi - party election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics . by this proposal republics would have right to self - determination . however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on march 9 , 1991 , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police were mostly already slovenian before slovenia ' s declaration of independence . the following day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within the next 48 hours . however , because of the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts that the federation was under attack by foreign forces , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on the ground where they served their conscription , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the austrian [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defense , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army – houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana – zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport were killed . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ debt moratorium | moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the police forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some strategic places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in most others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia ( prohor pčinjski part ) , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | vmro ]] ' ' ) . this was despite the fact that the yugoslav army refused to abandon its military infrastructure on the top of the straža mountain up to the year [[ 2000 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on november 27 , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = 1991 - 09 - 25 | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on january 9 , 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 – 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was not clear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied . the republic ' s government declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january 15 , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * june 14 , 1996 , the [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] is signed , limiting the military equipment of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * 1996 – 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia ( serbia and montenegro ) * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast :
338545828 10 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to which the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] was annexed on 13 november 1918 , and the conference of ambassadors in [[ paris ]] gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > ) . the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ,
400599300 66 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan
467907565 4 : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ | [[ republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg |
9 / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : emblem of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of slovenia ]] serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and
16 < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg |
468701811 19 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag
492376913 7 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] ( disputed ) < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[
496003280 19 = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | style = " width : 6em ; "
500174054 1 / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro federal republic of yugoslavia ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file
542264962 1 ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - recognized date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' which date of independence is celebrated as a public holiday ? ' ' ' < center > - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and
594278060 0 center > | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] | february 17 | - | [[ republic of macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center
594278153 0 center > | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] | february 17 | - | [[ republic of republic of macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center
622094154 7 svg | 40px ]] < center > | june 25 , 1991 | october 8 , 1991 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 25 | - | 17 february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february
9 no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 17 | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center
28 svg | 40px ]] < center > | june 25 , 1991 | october 8 , 1991 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 25 | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file
788334299 2 anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 1 - 77007 - 031 - 1 }} * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford ,
5 change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 - 4039 - 7286 - 9 }} * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 – 1999 ' ' ( london :
8 [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x }} * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' .
11 ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 }} ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great
12 al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; {{ isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain
14 : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 }} * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 -
17 r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 - 521 - 46705 - 5 }} * malesevic , sinisa : ideology , legitimacy and the new state : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . * owen , david . '
20 : ' ' tito , mihailovic , and the allies : 1941 – 1945 ' ' . duke university press , 1987 ; isbn 0 - 8223 - 0773 - 1 }} * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 – 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura
819799752 0 | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]] | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start = 1 december | year _ start
819821999 1 | longew = | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = 1921 - 1945 : ' ' ' < br / > [[ serbo - croato - slovene ]] {{ ref label | scs | a | } } < ref name = " busch2004 " > {{ cite book | last1 =
847129796 0 ; 1941 ) < br / > [[ file : national anthem of the kingdom of yugoslavia . oga ]] ( 1945 & ndash ; 1992 ) - - - - " [[ hej , sloveni ]] " ( 1945 & ndash ; 1992 ) - - - - " [[ hej , sloveni ]] " < br / > [[ file : united states navy band - hey
1 ; 1941 ) < br / > [[ file : national anthem of the kingdom of yugoslavia . oga ]] ( 1945 & ndash ; 1992 ) - - - - " [[ hej , sloveni ]] " < br / > [[ file : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages
847130150 2 yugoslavia | himna kraljevine jugoslavije ]] " ( 1919 & ndash ; 1941 ) < br / > [[ file : himna kraljevine jugoslavije . ogg ]] - - - - - - - - " [[ hey , slavs | hej , slaveni ]] " ( 1945 & ndash ; 1992 ) < br / > [[ file : united states navy band - hey
847130224 4 dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia ( 1929 & ndash ; 1992 ) - - - - kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th
847130264 0 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia < small > ( 1929 & ndash ; 1992 ) < / small > - - - - kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes < small > ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) < / small > | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia |
group 24
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
1288560 16 & euml ; ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is term casually used for any of following political entities : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which existed from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1941 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , from 1918 to [[ 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929
1298298 1 nl : joegoslavi & euml ; ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is term casually used for any of following political entities : * . the first was a [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]]
2 & euml ; ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is term casually used for any of following political entities : * [[ monarchy | kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] *
3 euml ; ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is term casually used for any of following political entities : * [[ kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] under name ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * [[
2184559 0 [[ tricolour ]] of yugoslavia < / center > < / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities . in serbo - croat , it means " the name is interpreted to mean ' ' land of southern slavs " from elements of jugo ( south ) , and slavia ( slavs ) . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[
1 / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities . in serbo - croat , it means " land of southern south slavs " from elements of jugo ( south ) , and slavia ( slavs ) . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as
2184776 4 / div > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities . the name is interpreted to mean ' ' land of the south slavs ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in
2808593 0 ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929
4134182 0 is a term used for three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in
5081284 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south [[ slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means
1 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all south [[ slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means ' '
8718523 0 population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading to great civilain loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided the bulk of partisan formations . the current estimate of the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is 1 ,
9382057 2 independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia - herzegovina , albeit only by two out of its three constitutive peoples , [[ bosniaks and croats . secession of the new - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody and gruesome [[ yugoslav wars ]] . it started with a short war in
9383013 14 yugoslavia into loose confederation of six republics in autumn 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] rejected all such proposals with an argument , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia
13337578 0 highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by yje the ethnic [[ bulgarian ]] vlado chernozemski acting on behalf of [[ vmro ]] . kimg alexander ' s son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]]
13337668 2 highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by the yje ethnic [[ bulgarian ]] vlado chernozemski acting on behalf of [[ vmro ]] . kimg alexander ' s son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]]
23641751 0 the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right catholic fascist militia [[ ustaše ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied bosnia - herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other
1 ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied bosnia - herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts
25682758 13 starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of mass deportation of causing many ethnic - albanians and similar militia activity , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the
27670102 0 the people of their republics to reject belgrade law . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanian majority albanians and the serbian minority in the province . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived
30275579 1 dead under unknown circumstances . aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics and ranković‘s ethnic cleansing of souther serbia ( approx circa 2 milion albanians expelled to turkey ) and kosovo . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in the case of [[ edvard kardelj ]]
30670821 0 unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro imro | macedonian nationalists ]] . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] ( petar ii ) , was a child , so power fell
31961080 40 right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in [[ 1980 ]] , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy
32922260 6 carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . this led to great civilian loss of life , principally but not exclusively in most regions of yugoslavia . among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided a large portion of rebel formations . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 ,
32922398 0 ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians ]] ( and [[ croats in [[ istria ]] ) . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the
33738425 3 royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against nla . after allies realised that the chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a
14 the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . in the 1980s , the albanians the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province .
36 memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the growing influence of the clerics chielfy in croatia and slovenia who were now working towards luring the people of their republics to reject belgrade law . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province .
33836329 4 ]] . starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the yugoslav reaction causing resulted in a large number of civilian deaths , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement
34241700 16 entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims 67 % and croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 % {{ ref | malcolm }} , however yes vote by 2 / 3 of the population was needed .
34474488 0 [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . frustrated by the lack of success of these policies in 1996 , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] , which , starting in 1996 , carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . serbian authorities denounced it
3 the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . frustrated by the lack of success of these policies , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] , which , starting in 1996 , carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . serbian authorities denounced it as a
35562548 1 land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats my homeland and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ january 6 ]] , 1929
37508256 8 declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of [[ 1991 ]] . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions , with the aid of the yugoslav army ,
9 during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of [[ 1991 ]] . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions , with the aid of the yugoslav army , fought the
11 yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november [[ 1991 ]] , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on
39238987 0 two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all tree nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were igored , though such decision should be supported by all bosinan nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by
43200190 0 yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched marching to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a
43204111 2 hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | [[ independent state of croatia ]] - serbs , jews and gypsies marching were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a
43365603 1 the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . in the 1980s , the albanians were the largest ethnic group in kosovo with over 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[
43367294 0 and the non - albanians in the province . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the principle number of slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader
1 non - albanians in the province . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the principle slavs , in kosovo ( mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan
7 belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march , 1991 , the so - called [[ plitvice bloody easter ]] incident was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] maintained an impression of being
48004378 0 group of advocates of a joint country of south slavs , by politicians from [[ croatia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , which were then both in the [[ austria - hungary | austro - hungarian monarchy ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] ,
49267272 10 [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . albanian ]] miners autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a
27 croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all like slovenes and croats , the serbs should live in the same country . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police
49848611 0 presidency council , they even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on 2 milion million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty ,
51123816 18 reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]]
19 end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes serbs , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form
53085765 6 people in istria . this duly came about in 1945 . however , the yugoslav slovenes benefited from the new state receiving all they had previously lacked ; high schools and university to boot universities . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro - hungarian empire had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to belgrade . during
16 made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for a killed soldier , germans executed 100 civilians , for a wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities ,
18 royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against serb civilian population . for a killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , for a wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the nla .
54510406 2 the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them increasingly seriously , especially as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at
4 was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria and dalmatia . this was a very real concern . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange
54621907 0 the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by prince alexander . dildo croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able to extract gains from the
54622229 0 1921 with the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by prince alexander johnny holmes . dildo croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able to extract gains
57385805 1 for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million or 38 . 8 per cent percent ) were serbs and 2 . 8 million or 23 . 7 per cent were croats . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations
3 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million or 38 . 8 per cent were serbs and 2 . 8 million or 23 . 7 per cent percent ) were croats . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start
59585694 0 [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new [[ state of the slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state abroad . however quarrels broke out immediately about the terms of the
59612233 0 land of the south [[ slavs ]] ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . # the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was
60458120 0 [[ 2000 ]] . [[ image : banknoteyug . jpg | 300px | left | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] bill of 50 & nbsp ; [[ billion ]] [[ yugoslavia yugoslav dinar | dinars ]] ( 1993 ) ]] on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade
62752814 4 be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes slovenians , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and
5 [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new [[ state of slovenes slovenians , croats and serbs ]] . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state abroad . however quarrels broke out immediately about the terms of the proposed
12 proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes slovenians and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in
62759735 3 be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenians slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and
4 [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new [[ state of slovenians slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state abroad . however quarrels broke out immediately about the terms of the proposed
11 proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenians slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in
62778982 4 be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes slovenians , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and
5 [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new [[ state of slovenes slovenians , croats and serbs ]] . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state abroad . however quarrels broke out immediately about the terms of the proposed
12 proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes slovenians and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in
62785123 4 be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenians slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and
5 [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new [[ state of slovenians slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state abroad . however quarrels broke out immediately about the terms of the proposed
12 proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenians slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in
63135388 2 as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by king [[ alexander i of
63136524 2 frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ hinko hinković ]] , [[ franko potočnjak ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and [[ dušan vasiljević ]] ) from south - slav lands under slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs
5 last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = during the early period of the world war one ( 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures ( [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ hinko hinković ]] , [[ franko potočnjak ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and [[ dušan vasiljević ]] ) from south - slav lands under the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was
6 odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds , especially among south - slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began
63138218 4 dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all [[ serbs , croats and slovenes , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these
5 , where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs ]] , croats and slovenes , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included
6 where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs , [[ croats and slovenes , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia
63327901 34 the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by prince aleksandar ii karađorđević . croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . yugoslav [[ slovenes were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the slovenes understood that it was only
87 strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by fascist italy and nazi germany , croatian leader vlatko macek and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia | croatian banovina ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in
63517403 39 made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo albanian - and some elements in the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslim - population to bolster their rule . there had been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern
63521475 0 paralysed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify - date | june 2006 }} after tito ' s death in on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more
60 . many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the [[ kosovo | kosovar albanians , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his
61 many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar ]] [[ albanians , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death
67 overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . during 1980s , serbian academy of sciences and arts drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia had been dispossessed of its attributes of statehood by the new
73 non - albanians in the province . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by 1999 they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] ,
82 yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia as to devolve power even more to republics , but were voted down . as
89 franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their national and constitutional rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs
138 these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring
66769379 1 retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , < ref > [[
66914194 0 retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and serbian goverment . at 77 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , < ref > [[ demographic history of kosovo #
74593441 0 that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the [[ south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' means south ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known
5 existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' means south ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the
79166596 0 political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of the fat pieces of shit who try and copy the [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known
79166722 1 political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of the fat pieces of shit who try and copy the [[ croatians ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as
80538911 1 fear was strongest in croat political circles , as large parts of what they thought to be hrvatska ( croatia , as commonly albeit incorrectly called abroad ) was home to a large serbian population . the national council ' s authority was limited and the italians were moving to take more territory than they had been alloted in an agreement with the
80966897 1 intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the nineteenth century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope
83629642 6 nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] ( ' ' četnici ' ' ) , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla army led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia
83667331 1 the [[ chetniks ]] ( ' ' četnici ' ' known for their war crimes and atrocities against non - orthodox population , croatians , muslims etc . ) , a multiethnic , though largely serb - composed nationalistic fasicst royalist guerilla army led by convicted war criminal [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . but very shortly after the begining of
83862003 9 also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia
84299894 0 | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south west slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of
84305972 0 | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ west south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of
86212172 1 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of serbs herbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]]
89136398 0 and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = the idea of a southern slavic state for south slavs = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat
91986037 0 around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements among occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the
13 exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively substantial numbers of italians lived in the coastal cities , compared to the surrounding surrounded by slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . ]] although in 1915 the serbian
42 the future constituent assembly . the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main |
95097441 0 stojanović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent and respect the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( '
98746734 7 two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all three nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were ignored , though such decision should be supported by all bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called
98954754 0 federal presidency council , they even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] serbian
2 slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a
18 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and the newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted
100251781 0 of croatia }} [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma people | gypsies ]] were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of
102669832 8 independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] as well as part
104633643 0 parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia , along with bosnian muslims , created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , serbs , roma and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children were executed in these camps , most of
107220473 17 of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the of these events , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province .
18 ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians albanian | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77
46 who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting the or aiding serbs from new croatian army disguised as a police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia .
110340242 3 the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way place yugoslavia is modern reference to the agent city of atlantis . there have been numerous arch . excavations to support such a theory , john straw ' s recent works in this field include : " searching for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves
5 south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] libraries " and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many
115537912 1 number of men , women and children were executed in these camps , most of whom were serbs . according to mile budak , croatia planned to kill a third of the serbs , convert a third to catholicism , and ethnically cleanse the last third . = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war
115750122 3 ]] organized resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a multiethnic , though largely serb , royalist guerilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist
115837604 0 ]] organized resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a multiethnic , though largely serb , royalist guerilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist
124206927 0 slovenia , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists fascist croats , communists , serbs , gypsies and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were
124386558 1 slovenia , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascist croats fascists , communists , serbs , gypsies and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were
125725649 7 under the [[ karađorđević ]] dynasty . = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes jews , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor ( or parliament ) declared
10 the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . the kingdom of serbs jews , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }}
11 party ]] ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs jews , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of
125729057 8 the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . the kingdom of jews serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of jews , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }}
9 party ]] ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . the kingdom of jews , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of jews serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of
131260685 1 remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south life go away you loser slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom
133158872 0 demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . = = = the government = = = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build
133158924 0 demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . = = = the government = = = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build
134919978 7 official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew | jewish ]] and [[ roma people | roma ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism
135155283 7 , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation ]] al and [[ constitution ]] al rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from dalmatian coast towards the inland almost a year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon the illegal importation of arms
135158463 6 in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]]
137226277 0 political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 * glenny , misha , ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * gutman , roy . :
144797370 2 [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century
150932203 3 _ = = background = = {{ see also | creation of yugoslavia }} = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all [[ south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost
13 , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojadinović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the [[ house of habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose
30 committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] form the kingdom of serbs , croats and [[ dalmatia ]] . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with a promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret
50 peace conferences at the end of world war i . during the early period of world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojadinović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of
154069684 0 ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] , or literary ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century
155254973 0 incompatible . [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia wouldn ' t accept a status of a national minority in a soverign sovereign croatia since serbs considered yugoslavia as a whole as their realm . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from dalmatian coast towards the inland almost
156990699 0 serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77
157517485 0 = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government = = = on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the [[ chetniks and partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided
244325833 32 = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi italians ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and [[ hungary | hungarian ]] forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe
247526130 2 serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanians albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 87
247526296 1 after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria ]] n austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts
259187229 0 demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government = = = on 7 april 1963 the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build
259187518 0 demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government = = = on 7 april 1963 the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build
268963754 0 concentration were [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox christian [[ serbs ]] , catholic [[ croats ]] , and muslim [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . <
1 [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , catholic [[ croats ]] , and muslim [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref >
4 ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between orthodox christian [[ serbs ]] , catholic [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com /
5 with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between orthodox christian [[ serbs ]] , catholic [[ croats ]] , and muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library
277736902 0 ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of tigers [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th
277742904 0 ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of tigers [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th
283977133 0 ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th
284619322 0 nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from croatia . ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of
284695040 26 , hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and the entire kingdom was to be federalized but the wwi stoped the fulfilment of those plans [[ jews ]] . one such camp was the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . a large number of men , women and children , jews , serbs , and croat
293468792 0 croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of from the [[ south slavs ]] " , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ' ' jugoslavia ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on
293624881 0 croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; from literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ' ' jug ' ' and ' ' slav ' ' that means " the south slavia " or " the slavs of the
296544611 0 of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the
296544910 0 of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and
309709714 1 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs fergs , croats and slovenes . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of
321373235 0 [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = torture island goli otok = = = intellectuals advocating democracy and cultural freedom of yugoslavia ' s nations were often arrested and tortured on the island of goli otok english " naked island " . this little prison island was built for 1000 prisoners but at times 15000 people were interred - political prisoners together with murderers . thousands of political prisoners died from torture , diseases , thirst , hunger or were shot directly on the demand of the regime in belgrade . many famous intellectuals were once prisoners on the island - - [[ special : contributions / 155 . 105 . 7 . 43 | 155 . 105 . 7 . 43 ]] ( [[ user talk : 155 . 105 . 7 . 43 | talk ]] ) 13 : 02 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build
321373407 0 [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = torture island goli otok = = = intellectuals advocating democracy and cultural freedom of yugoslavia ' s nations were often arrested and tortured on the island of goli otok english " naked island " . this little prison island was built for 1000 prisoners but at times 15000 people were interred - political prisoners together with murderers . thousands of political prisoners died from torture , diseases , thirst , hunger or were shot directly on the demand of the regime in belgrade . many famous intellectuals were once prisoners on the island - - [[ special : contributions / 155 . 105 . 7 . 43 | 155 . 105 . 7 . 43 ]] ( [[ user talk : 155 . 105 . 7 . 43 | talk ]] ) 13 : 02 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build
323943126 0 in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ,
332402344 1 , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all ( go on redtube . com ) ( its a funny website ) [[ media : [[ media : example . ogg ]] [[ media : example . ogg ]] ]] [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in
332402380 1 _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ' sfst ' ' ' yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all ( go on redtube . com ) ( its a funny website ) [[ media : [[ media : example . ogg ]] [[ media : example . ogg ]] ]] [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in
332523022 0 of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the
332869188 1 country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence
336062233 2 of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists 000 people , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s
3 country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism , the victims were predominantly [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation
6 time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center - [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from
337642740 10 of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]]
337768752 4 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal
337769009 11 of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]]
337769485 4 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal
337777732 11 of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]]
338545828 4 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal
347164096 1 of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for desire to uphold the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian
3 milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of the albanian authorities in kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on
7 . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered the serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended
20 pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia to become part of a [[ greater serbia ]] which he accused the serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia as head of bosnia ' s government , izetbegović would wage war on three fronts : against bosnian serbs , bosnian croats and also against a rebel faction of bosniaks in northern bosnia led by [[ fikret abdić ]] . the bosnian state he initially wished to build was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia resulted in the bosnian war . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px |
352546885 0 uphold the unity of serbs , a status threatened by each republic breaking away from the federation , in addition to his opposition to the albanian authorities in kosovo , further inflamed enflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines ,
352547076 0 uphold the unity of serbs , a status threatened by each republic breaking away from the federation , in addition to his opposition to the albanian authorities in kosovo , further enflamed inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines ,
353296627 0 well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed allies began to trust the chetniks and with the help of them and oss agents they got 500 of our own men out of enemy territory . it is a common lie that they collaborated with the nazis , infact , they were doing delayed sabotage on the germans in order to reduce the number of german reprisals . the partisains attacked the nazis but were dumb enough to forget about reprisals which resulted into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , (
369520199 0 state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group hatred | ethnic ]] [[ stress ( biological ) | tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of
400599300 1 ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ,
65 from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny |
405575792 1 , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) , coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . in 1929 it was formally renamed to " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = =
405577552 16 the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to
441313646 11 / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center - [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav
100 [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref name = " atheism
101 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref name = " atheism . about . com " /
102 and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref name = " atheism . about . com " / > =
117 and trying to secede from the croat republic . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was
130 army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the police forces of the republic of croatia who
468701811 42 concentration were [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , catholic [[ croats ]] , and muslim [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 .
43 [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , catholic [[ croats ]] , and muslim [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref name
490102167 1 in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , catholicism , judaism and protestantism as well as various [[ eastern christianity | eastern orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken
499296493 7 was ultimately the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] . coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = =
537097237 3 province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst among communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeopardizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an
563179561 3 coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of the total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian communist leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia
565958816 2 , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the 20th century . the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs
578690791 7 before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' , was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which had annexed the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] on 13 november ) .
606952320 3 paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the country was named after the [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] as their first union ever , after centuries - long rules of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]]
608604340 2 pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' {{ note | note1 = [[ bosniaks ( muslims ) are not mentioned in state name for anti - muslim policy during that times }} by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats
610972401 0 < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and [[ serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] and [[ kingdom of montenegro
5 . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia
611563753 0 . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional [[ state of [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly
1 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional state of [[ slovenes , croats and serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom
614352588 1 [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between orthodox [[ serbs ]] , catholic [[ croats ]] , and muslim [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref name = " atheism . about . com " / >
616888308 5 now count on four votes at a minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , vojvodina , and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people kosovo albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized the [[ 1989 kosovo miners ' strike ]] , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non -
11 these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as united into the [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . the federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to
622094862 14 now count on four votes at a minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , vojvodina , and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanians in kosovo albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized the [[ 1989 kosovo miners ' strike ]] , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the
28 count on four votes at a minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , vojvodina , and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ kosovo albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized the [[ 1989 kosovo miners ' strike ]] , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non -
623264122 2 | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the western border left a population of half a million [[ south slavs < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ http : / / books . google
629998315 0 nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag and / or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . = = the 1948 yugoslavia - soviet split = = {{ further |
700247991 0 sentiment and proceeded to reduce the province ' s autonomy . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning the position of serbs as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina
702550312 7 location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the original western border left a population of half a million ' ' ' [[ south slavs ]] < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ https : / /
702550622 8 [[ illyrian movement ]] of the 19th century . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( [[ slavs ) . yugoslavia was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the serbian parliament in exile and the serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]]
702589142 7 with the ' ' ' [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] ' ' ' , the original western border left a population of half a million ' ' ' [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ' < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ( 2005 ) [ https
76 of the [[ 19th century ]] . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( [[ south ]] ) and " slaveni " ( [[ slavs ]] ) . [[ yugoslavia ]] was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the [[ serbian parliament ]] in exile and the [[
771012619 0 [[ banovina of croatia ]] }} the country was formed in 1918 immediately after world war i as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes by union of the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] , , which already absorved [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] , and the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it was commonly referred to at the time as the " [[ treaty of versailles
772701137 22 [[ banovina of croatia ]] }} the country was formed in 1918 immediately after world war i as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes by union of the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] , , which already absorved [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] , and the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . it was commonly referred to at the time as the " [[ treaty of versailles | versailles ]] state " . later
817772955 0 yugoslavia | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = east europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = state of slovenes , croats and serbs | flag _ p1 = flag of the state of slovenes , croats and serbs . svg | p2 = kingdom of serbia
837897027 0 , croats and slovenes ' ' ' by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austria - hungary | austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . the serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia
846863177 2 p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = state of slovenes , croats and serbs | flag _ p2 = flag of the kingdom of montenegro . svg | p3 = austro - hungarian rule in bosnia and herzegovina | flag _ p3 = flag of bosnia ( 1908 - 1918 ) . svg | p4 = kingdom of croatia - slavonia | flag _ p4 = flag of croatia - slavonia . svg | p5 = duchy of carniola | flag _ p5 = flag of krain . svg | p6 = kingdom of dalmatia | flag _ p6 = flag of the kingdom of dalmatia . svg | p7 = free state of slovenes , croats and serbs . svg | s1 = croatia | flag _ s1 = flag of croatia . svg | s2 = slovenia | flag _ s2
group 25
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
150932203 40 secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , which had substantial numbers of italians living in the coastal cities surrounded by slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia austria - hungary ]] , the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 ]] although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for
199218345 0 army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only
199794926 1 - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( pending full international recognition is not full recognition . svg | kosovo ( pending full international recognition ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and
221914832 1 most others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia _ wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries
2 others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime _ 1 . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of
236538465 3 would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = [[ image : former _ yugoslavia _ wartime _ 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb
247935764 26 ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " perrow = 3 . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[
32 states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro
55 also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[
57 : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro
254442728 0 an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of macedonia fyrom . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]]
254442844 1 an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of fyrom macedonia . svg | < center > [[ fyrom | fyrom ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < /
254443080 0 an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of macedonia fyrom . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]]
254443532 1 an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of fyrom macedonia . svg | < center > [[ fyrom | fyrom ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < /
255035549 0 [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of a country that should not be a country kosovo . svg | < center > ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < br > ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _
255048675 0 [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of a country that should not be a country kosovo . svg | < center > ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < br > ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _
257769716 10 " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia |
11 perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia ]] croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia
17 bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia ]] of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[
23 < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro ]] montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center
29 of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < /
30 macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia ]] serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center
36 center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / gallery > < / center > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties
37 > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia ]] slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / gallery > < / center > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties =
262054633 0 small = yes }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' '
16 [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg |
30 unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ image file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was
266322892 3 | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]]
266323076 3 center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ;
286369241 6 [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : republic - of - macedonia - coat - of - arms . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ;
7 center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : republic - of - macedonia - coat - of - arms . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]]
288717184 6 [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje
318046156 20 vojvodina ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center >
27 | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr croatia coa . png | 40px ]] < center > | - | 3 . [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; "
337480691 4 republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia skopje . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]]
6 of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia skopje . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " |
337480914 4 republic of skopje ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr skopje macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of skopje . svg | 40px ]]
5 of the republic of skopje . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry skopje macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " |
341737479 3 > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of _ macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png |
342025641 3 : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png |
343725873 3 bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]]
375032646 1 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < /
2 < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade
383421016 4 | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]]
5 > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana
385373143 1 ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coa of sr croatia . png | 40px ]] < center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]]
436091877 8 the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = socialist yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr = = yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and
9 actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = socialist yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and provinces
467907565 19 [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]]
20 > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana
467914600 2 < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < /
3 / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of serbia serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " |
468701811 20 ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the republic of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px
21 country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia 1992 - 1995 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]]
469728921 10 macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the republic of macedonia 1992 - 1995 . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia 1991 - 2009 . svg | 40px
11 | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]]
12 > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana
492545273 6 socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia
493757717 2 sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px
495585894 17 that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and
495666744 32 that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and
495668696 19 that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and
496003280 1 november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 , 1992 . png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] countries that emerged from the former yugoslavia : {
13 ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms
14 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ kosovo ]] }} ( disputed ) < ref > {{
496174460 12 {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : | image2 = sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and provinces of yugoslavia ]] on 29 november 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia |
499509992 6 > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana
500174054 2 < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | style = " font - size
530920330 0 210 | header = | image1 = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | caption1 = flag of [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | sfr yugoslavia ]] | image2 = sfryugoslavianumbered yugoslavia . png | caption2 = republics and autonomous provinces of sfr yugoslavia }} on 29 november 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[
542254308 3 [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]]
4 > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana
547327217 12 border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of macedonia . svg | 40px background . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px
43 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px
569691392 2 center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms _ of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ;
3 > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of _ macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; "
4 [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of macedonia _ 1946 - 2009 . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " |
583579699 2 | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | } in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the
583581227 2 | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} :
602484910 1 }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the western
602537617 0 use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia ( tall ) location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the western
602538305 1 }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the western
602539100 1 use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia ( tall ) location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the western
606080168 1 }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the western
623264024 0 use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the western
623264992 2 }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the
623267203 0 use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the
665159797 1 }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the
685076049 0 use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia ( tall ) location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the
685103535 1 }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the
685168696 0 use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia ( tall ) location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the
685189142 1 }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the
685194407 0 use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia ( tall ) location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the
685200317 1 }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the
685264223 0 use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia ( tall ) location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the
685357030 1 }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the
685369118 1 use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia ( tall ) location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the
685373368 1 }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map ( tall ) . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the
685440379 1 use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia ( tall ) location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the
771441169 1 grb jugoslavije . svg | symbol = emblem of yugoslavia | symbol _ type = emblem {{ small | ( 1963 - 1992 ) }} | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = general location of yugoslavia over the years . | | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | national _ motto = ' '
772700542 0 . svg | symbol = emblem of yugoslavia | symbol _ type = emblem {{ small | ( 1963 - 1992 ) }} | image _ map = history of yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = general location of yugoslavia over the years . | | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | national _ motto = ' '
772711783 1 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија
772785166 0 pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : history of yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија
773762460 0 ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] , now [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr the socialist republic of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of montenegro . svg |
800786935 1 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija / }} југославија
805871944 0 semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : history _ of _ yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija / }} југославија
806401115 1 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija / }} југославија
806485974 0 semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : history _ of _ yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija / }} југославија
818932945 1 image _ flag = [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 120px ]] < br > < br > [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px ]] < br > < br > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 120px ]] | flag _ type = flag | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of
4 of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : grb jugoslavije . svg | 70px ]] | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location . svg | image _ map . svg | image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e |
819799425 5 image _ flag = [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 120px ]] < br > < br > [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px ]] < br > < br > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 120px ]] | flag _ type = flag | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of
819802470 5 title = member states | publisher = united nations }} < / ref > | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 5 june 2006 }} < ref
6 | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 5 june 2006 }} < ref name = " jurist " > {{ cite web | url = http : / /
819803699 0 ]] | [[ skopje ]] | [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia ( 1946 - 2009 ) . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 8 september 1991 }} | {{ dts | 08 04 1993 }} | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[
1 of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 8 september 1991 }} | {{ dts | 08 04 1993 }} | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] |
846863177 3 state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = state of slovenes , croats and serbs | flag _ p2 = flag of the state of slovenes , croats and serbs fiume | flag _ p7 = flag of the free state of fiume . svg | s1 = croatia | flag _ s1 = flag of croatia . svg | s2 = slovenia | flag _ s2 = flag of slovenia . svg |
858648603 0 republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia ( 1945 - 1991 ) . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of slovenia . svg | 40px
1 [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of slovenia . svg |
group 26
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
13049340 1 herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to
17893899 0 herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] ( republics ) ; * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] )
25682758 17 herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] ( republics ) ; * [[ vojvodina ]] and * [[ kosovo ]] ( autonomous provinces ) . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] are part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] .
56917178 0 : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 700px | thumb | center | countries of former yugoslavia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003
63331191 14 : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * , with capital in [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater
92887025 0 yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ kosovo ]] ( in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ; [[ kosova ]] in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ un ]] from [[ 1999 ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
94995394 9 legend | # fe0000 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , federal republic of yugoslavia , serbia and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # ffff00 | [[ slovenia ]] . }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | [[ croatia ]] }} {{ legend | # 800080 | [[ republic of macedonia ]] }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia
144217346 0 yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ kosovo ]] ( ' ' kosovo ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ; ' ' kosova ' ' in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ united nations | un ]] since [[ 1999 ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
192042353 0 yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] as of 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] was expected to declare its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
192070886 0 yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] as of on 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] was expected to declare its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia ,
192075557 16 yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] on as of 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] was expected to declare its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia ,
192077060 0 yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] as of 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] was expected to declare its independence from serbia . * [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
192077462 2 yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] on 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
192083265 1 yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] in addition , on 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
192196385 0 yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in addition , on 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia
192455066 1 yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in addition , on 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia
192911741 1 yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] in addition , on [[ 17 february ]] [[ 2008 ]] , [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
195089858 0 yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
195135413 0 yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
196146537 0 yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
198660395 0 yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
199683714 0 [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( pending full international recognition ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
199698922 0 [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( pending full international recognition ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
209720734 0 [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] as well as the partially reconised state [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in
210295199 1 : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
6 : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] as well as the partially reconised state [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied
210316137 0 and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] as well as the partially reconised state [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav
4 and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
210766272 2 yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
6 yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] as well as the partially reconised state [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied
210766951 1 kosovo | kosovo ( republic of kosovo ) ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina | asutonomous province of vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for
210773864 0 [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo | republic of kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] as well as the partially reconised state [[ kosovo | republic of kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina |
7 [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo | republic of kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina | autonomous province of vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
220402390 0 : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] as well as the partially recognised state [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
220845826 0 : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
221230382 0 : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
221231653 1 : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
221674887 0 : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
221776536 0 : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
227378427 0 : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
227378565 0 : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
231799393 0 : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
231801557 0 : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
238599733 0 flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ slovenia ]] image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
238651539 1 flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ slovenia ]] image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
243843229 0 flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ slovenia ]] image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
244910779 0 flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ slovenia ]] image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
244912095 0 flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ slovenia ]] image : flag of kosovo . svg | [[ kosovo ]] < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties
295388268 24 < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border
25 . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of
295402396 26 arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > - [[ slovenia ]] style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia
467907565 17 center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px |
492545273 11 < / center > | - | 6 | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 6
12 / center > | - | 6 | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " |
492692066 14 svg | 25px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of
496003280 30 < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | <
542264962 7 / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | may 22 , 2006 | june 5 , 2006 | february 15 | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
20 / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file
547327217 56 < / center > | - | 6 | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " |
656901506 62 = august 2014 }} | 5 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 15 february | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg
group 27
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
88344569 1 croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory for the two main serbian parties . [[ communism | communists ]] came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant party prepared a draft constitution for a neutral peasant republic of croatia . the constitution was passed by vote on [[ june 28th ]] [[ 1921 ]] with the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old [[ peter i of yugoslavia | king peter i ]] died . he was succeeded by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | prince aleksandar i karađorđević ]] . the yugoslav [[ slovenes ]] benefited from the new state receiving all they had previously lacked , in addition to access to high schools and universities . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to [[ belgrade ]] . during the 1920s , the tensions between the croats , who harboured grievances against the serbs , and serbs started increasing and culminated on [[ june 20th ]] [[ 1928 ]] , after months of rows and even fist - fights in parliament , [[ puniša račić ]] , a [[ montenegrins | montenegrin ]] serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , including [[ stjepan radić ]] ( founder of the croatian peasant party ) , who eventually died . račić gave himself up and was convicted for the crime . big fat dick mother fuckin bitch = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king aleksandar i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 ,
88361853 0 }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] suck a big fat dick mother fuckin bitch = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king aleksandar i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 ,
184269716 0 part , and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] {{ section - stub }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s conquest = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
184269872 0 part , and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] {{ section - stub }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s conquest = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
188801104 0 . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s conquest dictatorship = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped
193023632 2 . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped
203522043 0 stub }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] [[ image : yugoslavia1936physical . jpg | 300px | right | thumb | yugoslavia 1936 , physical ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
204739310 0 [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] [[ image : yugoslavia1936physical . jpg | 300px | right | thumb | yugoslavia 1936 , physical ]] yougoslavia is the shit = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
204810735 0 [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] [[ image : yugoslavia1936physical . jpg | 300px | right | thumb | yugoslavia 1936 , physical ]] yougoslavia is the shit = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
231808215 0 2008 }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 280px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] [[ image : yugoslavia1936physical . jpg | 300px | right | thumb | yugoslavia 1936 , physical ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
266845344 0 | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
266845793 0 | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
279272883 1 even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
279273471 1 even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander '
295550450 0 and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[ vidovdan constitution ]] * [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 ]] * banning of the [[ cpy | communist party ]] * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] hijos de puta = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
295669131 0 and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = hijos de puta yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war one ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
318705378 0 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] congress . ]] {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} on november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on january
326618945 0 of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . blah blah blah = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
326618999 0 of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after blah blah blah [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
329283528 0 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . their national bird was the declared the ostritch and the time around american thanksgiving called " ostritch - grandfathercarry - head day " = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
329283670 14 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . their national bird was the declared the ostritch and the time around american thanksgiving called " ostritch - grandfathercarry - head day " = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
329284000 0 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . their national bird was the declared the ostritch and the time around american thanksgiving called " ostritch - grandfathercarry - head day " = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
329284590 14 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . their national bird was the declared the ostritch and the time around american thanksgiving called " ostritch - grandfathercarry - head day " = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
329284604 0 formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period , heh heh ' his period ' = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped
329284761 0 formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period , heh heh ' his period ' = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped
400599300 34 after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ treaty of versailles | versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped
436091877 5 = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ treaty of versailles | versailles ]] state " . renamed to and first official use of ' ' = = = king alexander = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the
group 28
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
186529 0 monarchy ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( petar ii [[ karadjordjevic ]] was the last king ) under dictator [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent of the [[ soviet union ]] , and was not a
823595 5 croats and slovenes ]] and renamed kingdom of yugoslavia in [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( [[ petar ii [[ karadjordjevic ]] was the last king ) under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries , chose
6239396 0 named after first yugoslavia . [[ category : former countries ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ he : & # 1497 ; & # 1493 ; & # 1490 ; & # 1493 ; & # 1505 ; & # 1500 ; & # 1489 ; & # 1497 ; & # 1492 ; ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : & # 12518 ; & # 12540 ; & # 12468 ; &
8778698 3 # 273 ; man ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected unionists . in march [[ 1990 ]] , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslavenska jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to
9383013 22 by two out of its three constitutive peoples , [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslims ]] and croats . secession of the new - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody and gruesome [[ yugoslav wars ]] . it started with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] and in bosnia in [[ 1992 ]]
12142316 0 nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radic | stjepan radi & # 263 ; ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | aleksandar ]] used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] he suspended the constitution , dissolved
12142335 1 inconclusive war with [[ history of greece | greece ]] , and before germany committed its forces to the greek campaign , it wanted to secure yugoslavia ' s support . peter ii of yugoslavia [[ pavle karadjordjevic | royal regent paul ]] submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[
13337536 0 highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by yje ethnic [[ bulgarian ]] vlado chernozemski acting on behalf of [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the
13337668 0 highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by the ethnic [[ bulgarian ]] vlado chernozemski acting on behalf of [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the
22785116 24 of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . this caused the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan ku & # 269 ; an kučan ]] and [[ ivica ra & # 269 ; an ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave
26 each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan ku & # 269 ; an kučan ]] and [[ franjo tu & # 273 ; man ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march [[ 1990 ]]
23005046 0 the three nations , the referendum was declared valid , the opinion of the serbs was ignored , and the republic ' s government declared its independence . the serbs immediately formed declared the independence of [[ republika srpska ]] , and the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992
27670102 2 the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanian majority and the serbian minority in the province . by this time , the albanians had become the largest ethnic group with over 50 % of the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all
27918903 0 the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . lol serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all
27918948 0 the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . lol porque son unos hijos de puta maricones . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all
27918981 0 the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . porque son unos hijos de puta maricones . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all
32871630 2 . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krčun served under tito and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was found dead under unknown circumstances victim of a dubious traffic incidnt . aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier ,
33738425 22 decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia - hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results ,
29 on the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody war broke out in the autumn of [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in 1991 . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia
33836329 1 held a referendum on independence in early 1992 , which was illegal under bosnian constitution . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence
36660567 2 under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was victim of a dubious traffic incident . minister of the interior aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such
39341750 0 franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march 1990 , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska jugoslavenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to
39480979 0 the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade , causing dissatisfaction among the more federally minded croat and slovene politicians . in 1928 , [[ [ puniša račić ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radić ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander
41408709 0 council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kucan ]] had since 1986 been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it
43578475 0 the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade , causing dissatisfaction among the more federally minded croat and slovene politicians . in 1928 , [ [[ puniša račić ] an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radić ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander i
43578520 0 the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade , causing dissatisfaction among the more federally minded croat and slovene politicians . in 1928 , [[ [[ puniša račić ]] an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radić ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander i
44361382 10 . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was victim of
20 ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in the case of [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when
50649733 5 conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslavenska jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to
51123816 4 yugoslav shaize ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the forming of the group of advocates of a joint country of south slavs , by politicians from [[ croatia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , which were then both in the [[ austria - hungary | austro - hungarian empire ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , a number of prominent political figures ( [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ hinko hinković ]] and [[ franko potočnjak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanović ]]
5 ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ hinko hinković ]] and , [[ franko potočnjak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanović ]] and [[ dušan vasiljević ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popović ]] , a representative of
6 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ hinko hinković ]] and [[ franko potočnjak ]] from croatia and , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and [[ dušan vasiljević ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popović ]] , a representative of [[ nikola pašić ]] ' s [[
53085765 7 . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro - hungarian empire had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to belgrade . during the 1920s serbo - croat wrangle continued and on 20 june 1928 , after months of rowing and even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić , a montenegrin serb ,
55508263 2 of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan kucan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state
4 yugoslav conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] [ ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an
55551088 3 of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kucan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tudman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state
7 yugoslav conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] [ ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) jugoslovanska narodna armada , jna ] met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and
63327901 31 june 1921 with the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | prince aleksandar ii karađorđević . croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able
45 loss to belgrade . during the 1920s , serbo - croat wrangle continued and on 20 june 1928 , after months of rows and even fist - fights in parliament , [[ puniša račić , a montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , including stjepan radić , who eventually died . following this
49 rows and even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić , a montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , including [[ stjepan radić , who eventually died . following this , king aleksandar i banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped
63517403 16 krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . minister of the interior [[ aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or
63521475 109 conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt
63521843 0 serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | slobodan milošević ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian
63522056 0 possible for others to exert pressure on 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival
76992605 0 to further alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] by a [[ imro ]] an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | assassin ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization that pursued [[ nazi ]] policies . alexander was succeeded by his
79101606 0 : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ( desambiguación ) ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : južnosłowjanska ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[
80313028 7 also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . however , in line with the vision of the government , the party was renamed into alliance , and was meant to slowly integrate back into society and disappear , being a political party . in democratic socialism there are no parties . so the communist party was to dissapear once the transition into truly democratic society , free from religion and party controlled political processes is completed , and the government is governed by people for people , not by political parties in the name of people . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people
80313856 19 , important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . however , in line with the vision of the government , the party was renamed into alliance , and was meant to slowly integrate back into society and disappear , being a political party . in democratic socialism there are no parties . so the communist party was to dissapear once the transition into truly democratic society , free from religion and party controlled political processes is completed , and the government is governed by people for people , not by political parties in the name of people . josip broz tito was the most respected person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people
80543661 5 . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people
80546909 23 development , important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . sometimes ministers in government
24 of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . sometimes ministers in government ,
82175534 0 the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the [[ nazis ]] made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use [[ croatia | croatian ]] [[ fascism ]] for barbarous acts against the serbs and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some
83629642 3 supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] ( ' ' četnici ' ' ) , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla army led by colonel convicted war criminal [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija '
83667331 9 known for their war crimes and atrocities against non - orthodox population , croatians , muslims etc . ) , a serb - composed nationalistic fasicst royalist guerilla army led by convicted war criminal [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . but very shortly after the begining of war chetniks started to collaborate with nazis . those inclined towards supporting the
86533484 0 the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] , [[ 2000 ]] . [[ image : banknoteyug . jpg | 300px | left | thumb
87450897 8 fights in parliament , [[ puniša račić ]] , a [[ montenegrins | montenegrin ]] serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , including the tomatos and celery . including [[ stjepan radić ]] ( founder of the croatian peasant party ) , who eventually died . račić gave himself up and was convicted for the crime . = =
87452403 28 montenegrins | montenegrin ]] serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croutons and wounded three others in this famous salad battle of 1987 . many people died , including the tomatos and celery . including [[ stjepan radić ]] ( founder of the croatian peasant party ) , who eventually died . račić gave himself up and was convicted for the crime . = =
92027256 11 the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , slovenian , croatian , bosnian , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : "
93924283 1 yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs id : jugoslavija ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de :
99559260 0 communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( ' ' narodno oslobodilacka vojska ( nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration
107220473 31 of the country . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina (
112810125 1 organization of the state should be left to the future constituent assembly . the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party ]] ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs ,
131370969 1 the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić zerjavic ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by the [[ united nations ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very
150932203 22 under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the [[ slovenes ]] who identified themselves with the movement toward a single yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in
158681853 1 not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , . by this proposal republics would have right to self - determination . however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have
159581347 0 1995 ]] , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ 1996 ]] - [[ 1999 ]] clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * [[ june ]] , [[ 1999 ]] un and
171318543 0 marked in brezovica forest near croatian town of [[ sisak ]] ( 60 kilometres south of zagreb ) where , at [[ june 22 ]] [[ 1941 ]] . , local antifascist anti - fascist formed [[ prvi sisački partizanski odred ]] ( ' ' first sisak partisan squad ' ' ) . the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was
203556024 5 status of a socialist [[ autonomous province ]] within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] . the first country was called " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] : država slovenaca , hrvata i srba ; serbian : држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ) . the country was established on 29 october 1918 . it lasted only for a
11 srbov , hrvatov in slovencev ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbian : kraljevina jugoslavija / краљевина југославија ; croatian , slovene : kraljevina jugoslavija ) . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army
18 status of a socialist [[ autonomous province ]] within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] . the first country was called " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " ( slovene : država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov ; croatian : država slovenaca , hrvata i srba ; serbian : држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ) . the country was established on 29 october 1918 . it lasted only
206751541 1 socialist [[ autonomous province ]] within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] . the first country was called " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] : sh | ' ' država slovenaca , hrvata i srba / држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на србите
12 ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] : kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ }} ; macedonian ]] : кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of
23 december 1918 it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia " ( kraljevina srbija / краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] : kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian
206802676 8 autonomous province ]] within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] . the first country was called " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " ( {{ lang - sh | ' ' država slovenaca , hrvata i srba ' ' / држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ; {{ lang - sl | ' ' država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov ' '
10 serbs " ( {{ lang - sh | ' ' država slovenaca , hrvata i srba ' ' / држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ; {{ lang - sl | ' ' država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov ' ' ; {{ lang - mk | кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците }} ) . the country was established on [[ 29
214793779 1 ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] the first serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian
231803887 24 | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; "
231807278 6 ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , serb royalist guerrilla army led after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija
231807528 1 bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = liberation of yugoslavia = = = the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance
244325833 127 & nbsp ; [[ 1000000000 ( number ) | billion ]] [[ yugoslav dinar | dinars ]] ( 1993 ) . ]] --> on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption .
246067912 2 . ) {{ fact | date = october 2007 }} = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ image : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 250px 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović | stjepan " stevo " filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " (
248465655 0 jordan , and quatar . the the hungarians were eliminated completely , and the italians surrendered . the germans fled , and reterned few living p . o . ws . the germans were pushed out of yugoslavia . the germans were planning to invade again , but yugoslavia was too well prepared . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav
253174876 0 یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ga : an iúgslaiv ]] [[ gl : iugoslavia - југославија ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : juhosłowjanska ]] [[ hr gv : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ jv :
256388014 1 yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg
4 image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia
7 ]] [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ stress
257953451 0 of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics
257954465 0 serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian
257962779 0 of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics
2 serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian
259631121 1 s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter
262054633 4 holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ image file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović | stjepan " stevo " filipović ]] shouting "
267655179 0 s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]]
288705890 1 of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . people were then eaten alive by snakes . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted
288707824 1 of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . people were then eaten alive by snakes . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted
288717184 2 = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović | stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death . ]] = = = invasion of
309302913 0 former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were lead led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla
315220112 0 | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian
318046156 18 serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[
318052936 0 accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . josh owns this ! = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces
318053061 0 accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . josh owns this ! = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces
319569174 0 faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended when the multiethnic multi - ethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s
319589909 2 faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended when the multi - ethnic multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s
319701637 0 faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended when the multiethnic multi - ethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s
319852932 2 faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended when the multi - ethnic multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s
321366997 0 [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia ]] ( autonomous region with significant internal self - government ) in 1939
321367521 0 camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = serbian pro - nazi government = = = in serbia , a new pro - nazi government was first established under the leadership of milan asimovic and later under former minister of war general milan nedic which governed until 1945 . nedic supported hitler and met with him in 1943 . this new government established even harsher racial laws than prince paul had enacted and immediately established three concentration camps for jews , gypsies and others . nedic formed his own paramilitary storm troops known as the state guard . the guard was comprised of former members of the cetniks which had existed as an all - serbian para - military police force under alexander and paul to enforce loyally from non - serbian members of the armed forces . when yugoslavia disintegrated , one faction of cetniks swore allegiance to the new serbian nazi government . another group remained under the pre - war leader kosta pecanac who openly collaborated with the germans . a third cetnik faction followed the serbian fascist dimitrije ljotic . ljotic ' s units were primarily responsible for tracking down jews , gypsies and partisans for execution or deportation to concentration camps . by august 1942 the serbian government would proudly announce that belgrade was the first city in the new order to be judenfrei or " free of jews . " only 1 , 115 of belgrade ' s twelve thousand jews would survive . ninty - five per cent of the jewish population of serbia was exterminated . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces
321367590 0 jews . " only 1 , 115 of belgrade ' s twelve thousand jews would survive . ninty - five per cent of the jewish population of serbia was exterminated . [ 2 ] = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces
321368159 3 [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia ]] ( autonomous region with significant internal self - government ) in 1939
4 camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = serbian pro - nazi government = = = in serbia , a new pro - nazi government was first established under the leadership of milan asimovic and later under former minister of war general milan nedic which governed until 1945 . nedic supported hitler and met with him in 1943 . this new government established even harsher racial laws than prince paul had enacted and immediately established three concentration camps for jews , gypsies and others . nedic formed his own paramilitary storm troops known as the state guard . the guard was comprised of former members of the cetniks which had existed as an all - serbian para - military police force under alexander and paul to enforce loyally from non - serbian members of the armed forces . when yugoslavia disintegrated , one faction of cetniks swore allegiance to the new serbian nazi government . another group remained under the pre - war leader kosta pecanac who openly collaborated with the germans . a third cetnik faction followed the serbian fascist dimitrije ljotic . ljotic ' s units were primarily responsible for tracking down jews , gypsies and partisans for execution or deportation to concentration camps . by august 1942 the serbian government would proudly announce that belgrade was the first city in the new order to be judenfrei or " free of jews . " only 1 , 115 of belgrade ' s twelve thousand jews would survive . ninty - five per cent of the jewish population of serbia was exterminated . [ 2 ] = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces
321368771 0 camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = serbian pro - nazi government = = in serbia , a new pro - nazi government was first established under the leadership of milan asimovic and later under former minister of war general milan nedic which governed until 1945 . nedic supported hitler and met with him in 1943 . this new government established even harsher racial laws than prince paul had enacted and immediately established three concentration camps for jews , gypsies and others . nedic formed his own paramilitary storm troops known as the state guard . the guard was comprised of former members of the cetniks which had existed as an all - serbian para - military police force under alexander and paul to enforce loyally from non - serbian members of the armed forces . when yugoslavia disintegrated , one faction of cetniks swore allegiance to the new serbian nazi government . another group remained under the pre - war leader kosta pecanac who openly collaborated with the germans . a third cetnik faction followed the serbian fascist dimitrije ljotic . ljotic ' s units were primarily responsible for tracking down jews , gypsies and partisans for execution or deportation to concentration camps . by august 1942 the serbian government would proudly announce that belgrade was the first city in the new order to be judenfrei or " free of jews . " only 1 , 115 of belgrade ' s twelve thousand jews would survive . ninty - five per cent of the jewish population of serbia was exterminated . [ 2 = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces
321372404 1 camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = serbian pro - nazi government = = in serbia , a new pro - nazi government was first established under the leadership of milan asimovic and later under former minister of war general milan nedic which governed until 1945 . nedic supported hitler and met with him in 1943 . this new government established even harsher racial laws than prince paul had enacted and immediately established three concentration camps for jews , gypsies and others . nedic formed his own paramilitary storm troops known as the state guard . the guard was comprised of former members of the cetniks which had existed as an all - serbian para - military police force under alexander and paul to enforce loyally from non - serbian members of the armed forces . when yugoslavia disintegrated , one faction of cetniks swore allegiance to the new serbian nazi government . another group remained under the pre - war leader kosta pecanac who openly collaborated with the germans . a third cetnik faction followed the serbian fascist dimitrije ljotic . ljotic ' s units were primarily responsible for tracking down jews , gypsies and partisans for execution or deportation to concentration camps . by august 1942 the serbian government would proudly announce that belgrade was the first city in the new order to be judenfrei or " free of jews . " only 1 , 115 of belgrade ' s twelve thousand jews would survive . ninty - five per cent of the jewish population of serbia was exterminated . [ 2 = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces
321386315 0 ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] = = = serbian pro german sentiments = = pro - axis support of the serbian controlled yugoslav government moved prince paul of yugoslavia gradually away from france and toward germany .
324172760 0 of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . a wide variety of people suffered from his disfavor . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics
336062233 8 of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . | language = english | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces
400599300 9 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px 150px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before
10 ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter , [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] = =
64 discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ danube commission ]] * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = notes and references = = ' ' ' notes : ' ' ' { | class = " references - small " style =
405577552 11 government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however , marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]]
408004710 0 of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigrés loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 ; however , marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting
408005064 0 government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigrés loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 ; however , [[ marshal josip broz tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting
1 of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigrés loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 ; however , marshal of yugoslavia | marshal ]] josip broz tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as
441313646 120 s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian
468741070 6 , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap socialist autonomous province of vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo | kosovo ]] which after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation < ref > {{ cite book |
482752219 1 < / ref > = = world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 150px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] , [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " shortly before his execution ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{
542264962 14 ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] <
553244049 0 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * djilas , milovan : ' ' land without justice ' ' , [ with ] introd . and notes by william jovanovich . new york : harcourt , brace and co
588344999 13 history , bloody history | publisher = bbc news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > starting in 1991 , yugoslavia disintegrated in the | broke up ]] along republic borders , at first into five countries . [[ yugoslav wars ]] . one of the successor states was also known as the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) until 2003 . the fry aspired to
590769471 0 march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * [[ milovaj djilas | djilas , milovan : ' ' land without justice ' ' , [ with ] introd . and notes by william jovanovich . new york : harcourt , brace and co
597852768 0 after an economical and political crisis in 1980s and rise of nationalism , yugoslavia [[ breakup of yugoslavia | broke up ]] along republic borders , at first into five countries . , leading to the [[ yugoslav wars ]] ensued . after the breakup , republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] formed a reduced federation , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] (
605733772 4 " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was result of [[ corfu declaration ]] , as project of serbian parliament in exile and the serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} {{ multiple image |
605734785 2 shot at five members of the opposition croatian peasant party in the [[ parliament of yugoslavia | national assembly ]] resulting in the death of two deputies on the spot and in that of leader [[ stjepan radić ]] a few weeks later . {{ sfn | ramet | 2006 | p = 73 }} on 6 january 1929 [[ king of yugoslavia | king
607380427 2 december 2009 }} against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s
611563753 5 itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] and [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] . the [[ serbs | serbian ]] [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris . <
616890253 8 150px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] ]] on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president
10 , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj
622094154 33 [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 17 | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[
648135254 2 in 1946 , when a communist government was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy . leader of the partisans [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as the president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic
679119895 1 much larger scale 1950 - 53 . the american aid was not part of the marshall plan . < ref > {{ cite book | author = john r . lampe et al . | title = yugoslav - american economic relations since world war ii | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = epmof1l0ibac &
702550312 44 yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy . [[ partisan leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again as the [[ socialist federal
45 in 1946 , when a communist government was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy . partisan ]] leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again as the [[ socialist federal republic
702550753 0 [[ slavs ]] ) . [[ yugoslavia ]] was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the [[ serbian parliament ]] in exile and the [[ serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the [[ yugoslav ]] royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} {{
702589142 45 [[ communist government ]] was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from [[ italy ]] . [[ partisan ]] leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in [[ 1980 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] , the country was renamed again as the
82 [[ slavs ]] ) . [[ yugoslavia ]] was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the [[ serbian parliament ]] in exile and the [[ serbian ]] royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the [[ yugoslav ]] royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }}
792851831 1 w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) ] * [[ milovan djilas | djilas , milovan ]] : ' ' land without justice ' ' , [ with ] introd . and notes by [[ william jovanovich ]] .
794643300 1 the army to take control of the " internationally recognised borders " , leading to the [[ ten - day war ]] . as slovenia and croatia  fights towards independence ,  the & nbsp ; the serbian and croatian forces indulged into a violent and perilous rivalry . < ref name = " : 0 " / > the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces
797690636 0 government renamed the country leading to the first official use of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' in 1929 . = = = king alexander = = = on 20 june 1928 , serb deputy [[ puniša račić ]] shot at five members of the opposition croatian peasant party in the [[ parliament of yugoslavia | national assembly ]] resulting in the death of
817773671 0 = = {{ main article | kingdom of yugoslavia }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 210 | header = | image1 = flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | caption1 = flag of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | image2 = banovine jugoslavia . png | caption2 = [[ subdivisions of the kingdom of yugoslavia | banovinas ]] of yugoslavia , 1929 – 39 . after 1939 the sava
837392651 0 > = = world war ii = = {{ main article | world war ii in yugoslavia }} [[ file : stjepan stevo filipović . jpg | thumb | right | 150px upright = 0 . 7 | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " shortly before his execution ]] at 5 :
group 29
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
4115990 1 was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ msg : disambig }} {{ msg : sfry }} [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië
8640415 9 asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] is discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after first yugoslavia . - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fi :
56800146 0 subjects of national rights which could not be overridden by the will of the croatian republic . = = = breakup = = = {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify - date | june 2006 }} after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a
65112164 0 pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] {{ unreferenced }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[
74530191 0 {st@rt} {{ unreferenced }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' unreferencefgdsasdfvsdfadfhg , tryheljg , jefghekghv ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language
78657034 0 | republic of macedonia }} {{ legend | # 008000 | bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff0080 ff80ff | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} {{ legend | # 29efef | kosovo }} {{ legend | # f66c10 | montenegro }} ]] after
80382137 8 and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . {{ fact }} this campaign campaignon the surface , was not supported by the united states , which championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was not the main
80791480 0 and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . {{ fact }} this campaignon campaign on the surface , was not supported by the united states , which championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was
84665400 0 state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ pov }} {{ references }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | thumb | 225px | an animated series eries of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia | an animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia ; the different colors represent the areas of control
84674003 0 state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ pov }} {{ eries references }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | thumb | 225px | an animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia | an animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia ; the different colors represent the areas of control
88861708 0 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ pov }} {{ references }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | thumb | 225px | an animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia | an animated series
96636041 0 {{ legend | # 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] . }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | [[ republika srpska ]] . }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 00fefe | [[ brčko district ]] . }} {{ legend | # c00000 | [[ kosovo ]] . }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | [[ montenegro ]] . }} ]] after
125725649 0 {st@rt} {{ see also | the jewish kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of
125729057 18 {st@rt} {{ see also | the jewish kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of
147480437 0 large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav
150932203 0 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ see also main | creation of yugoslavia }} = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century ,
156872340 0 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = {{ pov }} {{ unreferenced | date = september 2007 }} the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background
159014010 0 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = {{ pov }} {{ unreferenced refimprove | date = september 2007 }} the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation
1 state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ pov }} {{ unreferenced refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group |
165572402 1 and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ideas for a single state for all [[ south slavs caption1 image : example . jpg | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but ideas for a unified state did not mature
206802676 4 the " kingdom of serbia " ( kraljevina srbija / краљевина србија ) to form " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( serbo - croatian : {{ lang | - sh | kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба }} ; slovene : {{ lang | sl | kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov }}
5 slovenes " ( serbo - croatian : {{ lang | sh | kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба }} ; slovene : {{ lang | - sl | kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov }} ; macedonian : {{ lang | mk | кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците }} ) . the country was re
6 hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба }} ; slovene : {{ lang | sl | kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov }} ; macedonian : {{ lang | - mk | кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците }} ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of
231811199 0 {st@rt} {{ see also main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location
237605005 4 referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal federative republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]]
237910349 4 referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federative federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]]
241638823 1 wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war national resistance }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with
241739997 1 / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = yugoslav national resistance = = = {{ main | yugoslav national resistance people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with
251599494 0 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * [[ {{ slo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for
255620240 0 _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} * [[ image : flag of vojvodina . svg | 25px ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
255645072 0 _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} * [[ image : flag of vojvodina . svg | 25px ]] [[ vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
256388041 0 serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia resulted in the bosnian war . ]] {{ main | dissolution breakup of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ stress ( biological ) | tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia .
293410555 0 [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation front ( world war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] .
309688136 1 | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | <
2 < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' {{ ref label | status | a | } } > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo .
338545828 17 federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state union of serbia and montenegro = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ disambig }} the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' [[ history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn 0 521 46705 5 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 - 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . new york : penguin books , 1997 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = - 84 _ kkgmf2qc & printsec = frontcover & dq = yugoslavia & lr = & hl = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west went wrong " ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ be - x - old
359311954 0 {st@rt} {{ pp - semi protected | small = yes }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political
359520790 0 {st@rt} {{ protected pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political
457911058 0 with them ) . the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . its independence is [[ international recognition of kosovo | recognised ]] by {{ kosovorecognition numrec | kos | | un member states }} and the [[ republic of china ]] ( taiwan ) . on 8 october 2008 , upon request of serbia , the [[ united nations
466554200 8 < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ kosovo ]] }} {{ ref label | status
13 < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ kosovo ]] }} {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia .
483799781 0 be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} {{ very long | section | date = november 2010 }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces . when in august 1990
492545273 13 width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } ( {{ smaller | style = " width : 4em ; " | | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | }
495585894 14 – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front national liberation war ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] and the royalist [[
495587287 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ for about | the country in the western balkans | the post - breakup federal republic of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move -
495666744 18 shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > = = = national liberation war = = = {{ main | national liberation war yugoslav front ( yugoslavia ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] and the royalist [[ chetniks ]]
22 {st@rt} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ about | the country in the western balkans | the post - breakup federal republic of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file
495668696 16 – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front national liberation war ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] and the royalist [[
20 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ for | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move -
497534337 0 {st@rt} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right
507557889 0 from november 1970 ] * [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay the collapse of communist yugoslavia ] * {{ cite americana link | jugoslavia | author = milivoy s . stanoyevich }} {{ yug - timeline }} {{ coord | 44 | 49 | 14 | n | 20 | 27
1 november 1970 ] * [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay the collapse of communist yugoslavia ] * {{ americana link | jugoslavia | author = milivoy s . stanoyevich }} {{ yug - timeline }} {{ coord | 44 | 49 | 14 | n | 20 | 27 | 44
542253625 0 * 14 december 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = {{ out of serbia and montenegro no longer exists as [[ montenegro ]] became an independent nation in june 2006 after the results of date | section | date = january 2013 }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | header = | image1 =
4 * 14 december 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = {{ out of date | section | date = january 2013 }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | header = | image1 = map of
551604287 5 its culture and influence . {{ clarify | reason = what sort of influence ? what of / from ? | date = june 2012 }} < ref > {{ cite web news | title = former yugoslavia patches itself together : entering the yugosphere | work = the economist | date = 20 august 2009 | url = http : / / www
555232598 0 ] * [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay the collapse of communist yugoslavia ] * {{ cite americana | wstitle = jugoslavia | author = milivoy s . stanoyevich }} {{ yugoslavia topics | state = collapsed }} {{ yug - timeline }} {{ coord | 44 | 49 | 14 |
608604340 0 clio , 2005 . pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' {{ note efn - lr | note1 = bosniaks ( muslims ) are not mentioned in state name for anti - muslim policy during that times }} by the merger of the provisional [[ state of
1 2005 . pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} under the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' {{ note | note1 3 = bosniaks ( muslims ) are not mentioned in state name for anti - muslim policy during that times }} by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes ,
610895932 0 filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " shortly before his execution ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of world war ii in yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 & nbsp ; am on 6 april 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces
624878296 0 < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 1 march 1992 | 6 april 1992 {{ fact citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 1 march | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg
1 center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | 25 june 1991 | 8 october 1991 {{ fact citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 25 june | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg
2 . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 17 february 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 17 february | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag
3 center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 8 september 1991 | 8 april 1993 {{ fact citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 8 september | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg
4 ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 21 may 2006 {{ fact citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 3 june 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | 21 may | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]]
5 coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 21 may 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | 3 june 2006 {{ fact citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 21 may | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg
6 ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 22 may 2006 {{ fact citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 5 june 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | 15 february | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]]
7 coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 22 may 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | 5 june 2006 {{ fact citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 15 february | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg
745160001 0 {st@rt} {{ distinguish | [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes
745160032 0 {st@rt} {{ distinguish | [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] }} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ pp - semi | small =
748664379 0 montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in 2008 . = = background = = {{ main article | creation of yugoslavia }} the concept of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] peoples , emerged in
1 of the serbian parliament in exile and the serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main article | kingdom of yugoslavia }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 210 | header = | image1 = flag of the kingdom of
2 _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html ] {{ dead link | date = april 2013 }} < / ref > = = world war ii = = {{ main article | world war ii in yugoslavia }} [[ file : stjepan stevo filipović . jpg | thumb | right | 150px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] [[ stjepan filipović
3 by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main article | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | 250px | flag of the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]]
4 flag or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . = = the 1948 yugoslavia - soviet split = = {{ further information | tito – stalin split }} the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its
5 that [[ central serbia ]] did not have its own assembly but a joint assembly with its provinces represented in it . = = = demographics = = = {{ main article | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia had always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but
6 creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = breakup = = {{ main article | breakup of yugoslavia }} {{ unreferenced | section | date = april 2016 }} [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia - try2 . gif | thumb | right | 250px
8 in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from the status of a constituent nation of the entirety of yugoslavia . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main article | yugoslav wars }} {{ refimprove | section | date = april 2016 }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with
9 social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = breakup = = {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} {{ unreferenced | section | date = april 2016 }} [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia - try2 . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of yugoslavia ]] though the 1974
10 they would be demoted from the status of a constituent nation of the entirety of yugoslavia . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} {{ refimprove | section | date = april 2016 }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces . when , in august
754485190 2 : 4em " | [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 1 march 1992 }} | {{ dts | 6 april 22 05 1992 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 1 march }} | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb
3 | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 25 june 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 october 1991 22 05 1992 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 25 june }} | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]]
5 of croatia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 25 june 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 october 1991 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | | | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 25 june }} | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | [[ file : flag of kosovo .
9 border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 8 september 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 april 1993 01 11 2000 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 8 september }} | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]]
15 coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 25 june 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 october 1991 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 25 june }} | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | [[ file : flag of kosovo .
21 serbia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 22 may 2006 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 5 june 2006 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 15 february }} | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]]
772701137 3 yugoslav dinar ]] | on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito bauer | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime
158835875 0 party ]] celebration ]] --> on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz bauer tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime
165059312 10 joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( ' ' narodno oslobodilačka vojska ' ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito , a croatian national ]] . in 1989 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] "
214707204 1 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] the first serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a
4 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian
214793779 3 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] the first serbian leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great
217433443 0 kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] {{ expand - section - stub }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 280px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in
231807278 7 the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , serb royalist guerrilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( ' ' narodno oslobodilačka vojska ' ' or nov ) , led
27 supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , serb royalist guerrilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king ,
231810308 20 the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as
231811016 0 [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] {{ expand - section | date = june 2008 }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = =
254149382 0 greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a croatian national . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially
255672589 0 [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] < br > _ ashlee is a dirty little whore _ < br > = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
255673922 0 [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] < br > _ ashlee is a dirty little whore _ < br > = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
255675834 0 [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] < br > ' ' ' ashlee is a dirty little whore ' ' ' < br > = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
255675940 0 [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] < br > ' ' ' ashlee is a dirty little whore ' ' ' < br > = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
255677347 0 [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] ' ' ' ashlee is a little dirty whore ' ' ' = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
255677354 0 [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] ' ' ' ashlee is a little dirty whore ' ' ' = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
256388014 2 right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right
5 jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in ethnic cleansing of serbs from croatia . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito '
259631121 2 senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers
262426245 0 [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] abd cool = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
262426538 0 [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] abd cool = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
272908286 0 [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] hgfjh = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
272908371 0 [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] hgfjh = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
274780927 0 [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] bob = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
274781097 0 [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] bob = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
274781473 0 [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] fuck yugoslavia = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
274781668 0 [[ kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes election , 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] fuck yugoslavia = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power
284695040 75 world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović | stjepan " stevo " filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death . ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia
408004710 1 of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigrés loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 ; however , marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime
441313646 103 marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] ]] on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister
594475714 1 leading to the first official use of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' in 1929 . = = = king alexander = = = on 20 june 1928 serb deputy puniša račić ]] shot at five members of the opposition croatian peasant party in the [[ parliament of yugoslavia | national assembly ]] resulting in the death of two deputies on the spot and
611563753 6 [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] and [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] . the [[ serbs | serbian ]] [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris . < ref > http : /
616725067 1 émigrés loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 ; however , [[ marshal of yugoslavia | marshal ]] josip broz tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens in contgrol and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent communist state , starting as a prime minister . {{ citation needed | date = november 2013 }} the official yugoslav
616890253 9 marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] ]] on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister .
group 31
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
202246 9 domain ) : < / b > yu < i > from the [[ cia world factbook ]] 2000 , with some wikification : < / i > * [[ yugoslavia / history | history ]] * [[ yugoslavia / geography | geography ]] * [[ yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy |
10 < i > from the [[ cia world factbook ]] 2000 , with some wikification : < / i > * [[ yugoslavia / history | history ]] * [[ yugoslavia / geography | geography ]] * [[ yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications |
11 factbook ]] 2000 , with some wikification : < / i > * [[ yugoslavia / history | history ]] * [[ yugoslavia / geography | geography ]] * [[ yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation |
12 < / i > * [[ yugoslavia / history | history ]] * [[ yugoslavia / geography | geography ]] * [[ yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ yugoslavia / military |
13 history | history ]] * [[ yugoslavia / geography | geography ]] * [[ yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ yugoslavia / military | military ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transnational issues
14 geography | geography ]] * [[ yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ yugoslavia / military | military ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transnational issues | transnational issues ]]
15 people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ yugoslavia / military | military ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transnational issues | transnational issues ]]
16 government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ yugoslavia / military | military ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transnational issues | transnational issues ]]
657082 0 [[ economy of yugoslavia ]] * [[ communications in yugoslavia ]] * [[ transportation in yugoslavia ]] * [[ military of yugoslavia ]] * [[ foreign relations of yugoslavia ]] * republics within the federal republic of yugoslavia [[ serbia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * the [[ voivodina ]] region and its municipalities - [[ novi sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[
3 ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * the [[ voivodina ]] region and its municipalities - [[ novi sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] * [[ kosovo ]] region * [[ belgrade ]] * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ novi sad ]] * [[ prishtina ]]
22076435 0 = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]]
24098786 0 * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ slovenia ]] ( republics ) ; * [[ vojvodina ]] and * [[ kosovo ]] ( autonomous provinces ) . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] are part
1 , established six constituent republics and two autonomous province : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] ( republics ) ; * [[ vojvodina ]] and * [[ kosovo ]] ( autonomous provinces ) . [[ vojvodina ]] and
24110042 0 , established six constituent republics and two autonomous province : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ slovenia ]] ( republics ) ; * [[ vojvodina ]] and * [[ kosovo ]] ( autonomous provinces ) .
1 and two autonomous province : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ slovenia ]] ( republics ) ; * [[ vojvodina ]] and * [[ kosovo ]] ( autonomous provinces ) . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] are part
25683008 4 * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] *
31628313 3 constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro lawlzs tiger ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights :
59432184 1 - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 700px | thumb | center | countries of former yugoslavia ]] the first
63331191 9 republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * , with capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # socialist republic of [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders
205710953 0 - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | republic of macedonia ( fyrom ) ]] * [[ serbia ]] * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]]
205763412 0 - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | republic of macedonia ( fyrom ) ]] * [[ serbia ]] * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]]
247935764 30 ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new recognized states " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]]
251599396 0 former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] {{ bih }} * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in
446485759 2 [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia }} 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] *
467914600 19 > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file :
496199211 1 image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 210 | header = | image1 = flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | caption1 = yugoslavia at the time of its dissolution , early 1992 ]] | image2 = banovine jugoslavia . png | caption2 = [[ subdivisions of the kingdom of yugoslavia | banovinas ]] of yugoslavia , 1929 - 39 . after 1939 the sava
542264962 15 " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file
17 center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file
19 / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file
594278153 1 february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] | february 17 | - | [[ republic of macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[
594372658 0 february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] | february 17 | - | [[ republic of macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[
816912414 0 identifier is commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ women in kingdom of yugoslavia ]] = = notes = = {{ reflist | group = lower - roman }} = = references = = {{ reflist | 30em }} * {{ loc }} -
816927860 0 identifier is commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ kingdom of women in yugoslavia ]] = = notes = = {{ reflist | group = lower - roman }} = = references = = {{ reflist | 30em }} * {{ loc }} -
819802470 4 . un . org / en / member - states / | title = member states | publisher = united nations }} < / ref > | - | [[ serbia ]] and montenegro | [[ belgrade ]] | [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px
838732257 1 states | publisher = united nations }} < / ref > | - | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] < br > < small > later renamed serbia and montenegro ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro
group 32
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
47535806 2 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]]
92498255 3 language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , or ' ' југославија ' ' in ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian english ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula
192073726 3 varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet {{ lang - en | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes
206808719 2 years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , " југославија " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : ' ' south slavia ' ' , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' )
231803887 25 in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] ) and [[ slovene language | slovenian ]] ; " југославија " in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " , or
353731294 0 - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political
354761080 0 ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe
354908464 1 ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during
354909728 0 ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during
355118605 1 ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during
355118834 0 ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during
355178619 1 ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during
355183281 0 ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during
355196149 1 ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during
355244341 0 ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during
355305891 1 ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during
355311381 0 ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during
355312200 1 ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during
355312326 0 ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during
355362727 1 ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during
355364967 0 ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during
400599300 24 ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during
group 33
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
8640530 0 - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = second yugoslavia = = [[ image : prfli . jpg | frame thumb | 200px | marshal tito led yugoslavia from the end of world war ii until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[
8778717 0 declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : coashs peter i karageorgevich . jpg | framed | right | coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[
8780940 0 new joint kingdom . = = first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : peter i karageorgevich . jpg | framed thumb | 200px | right | peter i karadjordjevi & # 263 ; , the first king of yugoslavia ]] the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the
22679277 0 as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli tito . marshall . post - war . j . j . . jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in [[
43200260 1 days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies marching to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it
43204111 0 days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] - serbs , jews and gypsies marching to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it
63336021 0 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 200px 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom _ of _ yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in [[ 1929 ]] ]] = = = opposition to the new state
63521621 0 * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 700px 300px | thumb | center | countries of former yugoslavia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a
63521709 0 : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 300px | thumb | center right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the
118652744 0 s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : smilo milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics ,
204767614 1 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] {{ section - stub }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px 280px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] [[ image : yugoslavia1936physical . jpg | 300px | right | thumb |
231810308 3 of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 230px 250px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur
4 rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] {{ expand - section | date = june 2008 }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 280px 250px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[
8 a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic
19 for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 250px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and
22 with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former _ yugoslavia _ wartime _ 1 . png | 250px the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces by the secessionist forces . when in august 1990 croatia attempted to replace police in
23 _ wartime _ 1 . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of
25 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[
34 with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former _ yugoslavia _ wartime _ 1 . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of
35 _ wartime _ 1 . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain
232164911 0 yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right left | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution
1 for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of
3 for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 250px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics
246067912 0 and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 250px 200px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur
1 seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px 200px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928
3 fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) seconds before plunging to his death . ]] [[ image : dfy coat of arms . gif | 250px 200px | thumb | right | the coat of arms of the [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] . ]] {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = =
4 as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px 200px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution
247935764 1 ]] from the [[ cisleithania | austrian ]] part , and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . png | thumb | 200px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of
3 part , and the crown province of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 200px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the < center > [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and
13 neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[
17 as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px provinces . ]] on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of
19 of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government = = = [[ image : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] . ]] [[ image : . ]] on 7 april 1963 the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[
21 date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[
43 neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928
47 as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution
50 date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | left | 200px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] .
256388014 0 image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px thumb | 150px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[
3 ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | 200px thumb | 150px | right | thumb | [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] {{
6 slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px thumb | 150px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group
262054633 5 victories against the occupying forces we the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25
266322892 1 skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat - of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90
2 ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of - arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 %
266323076 1 | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat - of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = "
2 < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of - arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font
286369241 1 | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : republic - _ of - macedonia - coat - of - arms . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style
4 skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : republic - _ of - macedonia - coat - of - arms . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size
288717184 3 pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90
341737479 0 | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file
1 < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of _ arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file :
342025641 0 | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file
347164096 0 breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px 140px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]]
6 ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px 140px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this
16 an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px 140px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia to become part of a [[ greater serbia ]]
347164615 0 breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 140px 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal desire to uphold the unity of serbs , a status threatned by each republic breaking away from the federation
1 to his opposition to the the albanian authorities in kosovo , further inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] {{ fixbunching | mid }} [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 140px 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered the serb population of croatia who had wished to remain in union
2 outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs ahead of croatia ' s independence . ]] {{ fixbunching | mid }} [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 140px 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia and herzegovina to become part of what he called
347166295 0 outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs ahead of croatia ' s independence . ]] {{ fixbunching | mid }} [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px 140px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia and herzegovina to become part of what he called
375033988 0 = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : slobodan _ milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal desire to uphold the unity of serbs , a status
1 breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal desire to uphold the unity of serbs , a status threatened by each
394554278 7 breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : slobodan _ milosevic . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal desire to uphold the unity of serbs , a status threatened by
400599300 5 svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine thumb | right | flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat
21 the serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia , and one which would disenfranchise non - bosniaks . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px 300px | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4
31 svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the kingdom of yugoslavia and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main |
458313071 1 | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png jpg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia '
466553797 1 | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : yugo3 . jpg png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia '
496003280 0 formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = [[ file : former map of war in yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] countries that emerged from the former yugoslavia
496003893 1 signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = [[ file : map of war in yugoslavia , 1992 . png | 300px | thumb | right | caption1 = yugoslavia at the time of its dissolution , early 1992 ]] yugoslav successor states : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list
496174460 13 yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | caption2 = republics and provinces of yugoslavia ]] on 29 november 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii
516853295 0 to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref name = " atheism . about . com " / > = = = government = = = [[ file : marsal josip broz tito . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] ]] on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist
1 collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref name = " atheism . about . com " / > = = = government = = = [[ file : marsal tito bihać 1942 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] ]] on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal
542265770 0 war in yugoslavia , 1992 . png | caption1 = yugoslavia at the time of its dissolution , early 1992 | image2 = former yugoslavia 2008 . png | caption2 = current the state of affairs on the territory of the former yugoslavia , as of 2008 }} the successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = "
547327217 58 | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led
565463964 0 _ april _ 06 . html ] {{ dead link | date = april 2013 }} < / ref > = = world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan stevo filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 150px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people !
568190836 1 }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : location yugoslavia map . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the italian border changed after world war ii . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' '
569691392 0 | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of arms of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90
1 < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of _ arms of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 %
583308010 2 | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ macedonia _ ( 1946 - 2009 ) . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]]
595882815 0 _ april _ 06 . html ] {{ dead link | date = april 2013 }} < / ref > = = world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan _ stevo filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 150px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people
1 april _ 06 . html ] {{ dead link | date = april 2013 }} < / ref > = = world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan stevo filipovic _ filipović . jpg | thumb | right | 150px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! "
606596060 0 _ april _ 06 . html ] {{ dead link | date = april 2013 }} < / ref > = = world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan _ stevo _ filipović . jpg | thumb | right | 150px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the
768996113 2 | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb president ]] | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија , {{ lang -
3 = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right leader1 = [[ ivan ribar ]] {{ small | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија , {{ lang - sl |
18 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија , {{
772701137 11 ' < br / > хеј , словени < br / > {{ small | " hey , slavs " }} < br / > {{ center | [[ file : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] }} | common _ languages = [[ serbo - croatian ]] {{ ref label | d | d }} < br / > [[ slovene language | slovene ]] {{ ref label | e | e }} < br / > [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] {{ ref label | f | f }} | religion = | demonym = [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] | currency = [[ yugoslav dinar ]] | on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was
37 jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of 1942 . {{ deletable image - caption }} ]] --> on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in
40 ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country
41 vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing
44 federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling
45 of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[
48 = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] celebration . ]] on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]]
49 image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] celebration . ]] on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in
51 ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia |
52 [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of
54 , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order ,
55 that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two
58 serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with
62 and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police was already slovenian before declaring independence . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] . the [[
64 ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http :
65 ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / /
68 in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation
69 of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars
72 thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end
74 = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic
75 the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia
78 the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9
79 federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium
82 and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is
83 slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as
86 , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15
88 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia
89 slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina
92 as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[
93 day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]]
96 april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia
97 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[
100 * [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo
101 agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] *
102 - regional arms control ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5
103 arms control ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] ,
106 , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared
107 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences
110 and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally
111 nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence
114 union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png |
115 serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb |
118 thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest
119 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps
122 october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] , [[ 2000 ]] . on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and
130 surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[
132 . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]]
133 trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[
136 in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons
139 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the
140 [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of
143 the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual
147 their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia .
148 affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted
151 favor of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = =
155 have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since [[ january 1 ]] , [[ 2007 ]] , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also :
156 to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since [[ january 1 ]] , [[ 2007 ]] , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement
257731379 2 herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav
259630650 2 , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . the remaining four republics have yet to apply
273508155 0 is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since january 1 , 2007 2070 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties =
273508566 0 is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since january 1 , 2070 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties =
288331549 0 atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 1943 the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in
288331617 0 atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1943 1910 the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in
288331712 1 atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1910 1963 the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in
303989605 0 . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in
324374703 2 world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 39 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers
3 ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 2000 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also
324375623 2 world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 39 25 , 2000 , hoping to still keep pokemon out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers
3 ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 39 , 2000 1941 , hoping to still keep pokemon out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also
337642740 14 it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with the 1918 collapse of [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austria - hungary ]] at the end of [[ world war i ]] and the formation of the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 >
337769009 15 it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with the 1918 collapse of [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austria - hungary ]] at the end of [[ world war i ]] and the formation of the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 >
337777732 15 it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with the 1918 collapse of [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austria - hungary ]] at the end of [[ world war i ]] and the formation of the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 >
343664317 0 montenegro constituted * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 12 , 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also
343664397 0 montenegro constituted * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 12 17 , 2010 , penguin is a hot mess in yugoslavia and it is no longer a friggin country = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic
1 * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 12 , 2010 2008 , penguin is a hot mess in yugoslavia and it is no longer a friggin country = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia
441313646 60 world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were
63 support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 - year - old [[ peter
65 shortly before his execution ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]]
71 most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]] , modern day [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] .
72 | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]] , modern day [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation
80 king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the [[
129 just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police were mostly already slovenian before slovenia ' s declaration of independence . the following day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] . the [[
132 up to the year 2000 . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on november 27 , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www
141 overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on january 9 , 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were
522673151 1 popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a coup d ' état when the king returned on 27 march ]] . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 - year - old [[ peter
563181056 2 creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february – march 1992 , the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in
563182107 2 ' s independence by the u . s . and most european countries * 28 april 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * 14 december 1995 , the [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = {{ multiple image | align = right |
575358692 8 ( the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] was annexed on 13 november 1918 , and the conference of ambassadors in paris gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 ) . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded
582993096 2 republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | 250px | flag of [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ]] on 29 november 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly
594475714 2 deputies on the spot and in leader [[ stjepan radić ]] a few weeks later . {{ sfn | ramet | 2006 | p = 73 }} on 6 january 1929 [[ king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] suspended the constitution , banned national political parties , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to
3 on the spot and in leader [[ stjepan radić ]] a few weeks later . {{ sfn | ramet | 2006 | p = 73 }} on 6 january 1929 king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] suspended the constitution , banned national political parties , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb
622094154 45 / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | june 25 , 1991 | july 7 , 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | june 25 | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align
656901506 10 border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 17 february 2008 }} | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 17 february | -
27 center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 25 june 1991 | 7 july 1991 }} < br / > ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | 25 june | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align =
702550312 16 with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . the serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 july ]] [[ 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm
17 the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . the serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 ]] at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm <
21 centuries in which the territories had been part of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] . renamed the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october ]] [[ 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed
22 in which the territories had been part of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] . renamed the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 ]] , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by
24 . renamed the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april ]] [[ 1941 . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate
25 renamed the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 ]] . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate government
702589142 16 the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . the serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on [[ 13 july ]] [[ 1922 ]] at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in [[ paris ]] . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family /
17 [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . the serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on [[ 13 july ]] [[ 1922 ]] at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in [[ paris ]] . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index .
21 in which the territories had been part of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] . renamed the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on [[ 3 october ]] [[ 1929 ]] , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] . in [[ 1943 ]]
22 territories had been part of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] . renamed the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on [[ 3 october ]] [[ 1929 ]] , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] . in [[ 1943 ]] , a
24 of yugoslavia ]] on [[ 3 october ]] [[ 1929 ]] , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] . in [[ 1943 ]] , a [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 ]] ,
25 on [[ 3 october ]] [[ 1929 ]] , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] . in [[ 1943 ]] , a [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 ]] , the king
33 was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 ]] , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in [[ november 1945 ]] the monarchy was abolished . [[ yugoslavia ]] was renamed the [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] in [[ 1946 ]] , when a [[ communist government ]]
817772770 9 of monarchy ]] | date _ event2 = 29 november 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april 1992 | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1918 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2
818985113 4 ? blogentryref = 7915 | publisher = the university of edinburgh school of law | author = ljubica spaskovska | date = 28 september 2009 | accessdate = 11 november 2011 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20120118193603 / http : / / www . law . ed . ac . uk / ecclblog / blogentry . aspx ? blogentryref = 7915 | archivedate = 18 january 2012 | df = dmy - all }} < / ref > the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though
857344426 10 invasion of yugoslavia | axis invasion ]] | date _ event1 = 6 april 1941 | event2 = [[ abolition of monarchy ]] | date _ event2 = 29 november 1945 | event3 = [[ peter ii of yugoslavia # deposition and exile | abolition of monarchy ]] | date _ event3 = 29 november 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1918
14 date _ start = 1 december | year _ start = 1918 | event1 = [[ invasion of yugoslavia | axis invasion ]] | date _ event1 = 6 april 1941 | event2 = [[ abolition of monarchy ]] | date _ event2 = 29 november 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end
group 35
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
20114 4 . not wikified . < / i > * [[ / history | history ]] * [[ / geography | geography ]] * [[ / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ / economy | economy ]] * [[ / communications | communications ]] * [[ / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ / military |
403378 0 . png ]] < / div > the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a country in southeastern europe , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as a the [[ monarchy ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( petar ii [[ karadjordjevic ]] was the last king )
854429 4 albanians | albanians ]] in serbia and f . y . r . o . m . , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] in serbia ) , this led to some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia / history | croatia ]] , [[ history of bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . < table align
904667 3 [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( [[ petar ii karadjordjevic ]] was the last king ) on established [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent of the [[ soviet union ]] ,
16 kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " in [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( [[ petar ii karadjordjevic ]] was the last king ) under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central
1298298 0 # 12450 ; ]] [[ nl : joegoslavi & euml ; ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is term casually used for any of following three separate political entities : * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929
1309223 0 > the [[ united nations ]] , and many individual states ( including the [[ united states ]] ) refused to recognise the remaining confederation of serbia and montenegro as the [[ succession of states theory | continuation of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , although they accepted it as constituting a state . this situation is now resolved , with the admission of the federal republic
1 the [[ united nations ]] , and many individual states ( including the [[ united states ]] ) refused to recognise the remaining confederation of serbia and montenegro as the continuation ]] of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , although they accepted it as constituting a state . this situation is now resolved , with the admission of the federal republic of
1377773 1 republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and again in [[ 1963 ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , under which it existed until [[ 1992 ]] when four of its constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . as a result a federation
1984503 2 to the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . the second was a [[ communist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] under the name ' ' '
3 invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by [[ axis powers ]] . the second was a [[ communist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] under the name as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] changed its name to the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia '
2946249 3 of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . a federation called the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed in [[ 1991 ]] between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called
4925591 0 seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the teritorry territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose
8640465 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( '
8716078 9 to great losses for yugoslavia , approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 people or 10 % of the population ) of yugoslavia . in liberated territories , nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the
10 approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 people or 10 % of the population ) . in liberated territories , the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti -
8716833 1 wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign which developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the germans response was to punish the civil population by initiating carrying out reprisal killings and by permitting free hand to quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading to great civilain loss of life , principally among the serbs of bosnia and
2 ]] campaign which developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the germans response was to punish the civil population by initiating reprisal killings and by permitting giving a free hand to quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading to great civilain loss of life , principally among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , who provided the
3 into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the germans response was to punish the civil population by initiating reprisal killings and by permitting free hand to the quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading to great civilain loss of life , principally among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , who provided the bulk of partisan
5 army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign which developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the germans response was to punish the civil population by initiating reprisal killings
8718538 7 forces of the government of croatia , leading to great civilain loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided the bulk a large portion of partisan formations . the current estimate of the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia .
10 the current estimate of the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . in liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti
12 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade , yugoslavia | belgrade ]] . during the war was over . westerner attempts to reunite the [[ communism | communist ]] lead the [[ partisans ]] that were opposing the occupation and were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , but
16 ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , but also denied supremacy of the old [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] government . westerner attempts to reunite partisans and the emigration loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - subasic agreement ]] in june [[ 1944 ]] , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens
18 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade , yugoslavia | belgrade ]] . during the war the [[ communism | communist ]] lead the [[ partisans ]] that were opposing the occupation and were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , but also denied supremacy of the old [[ kingdom of
8778698 5 ]] . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia - herzegovina , albeit only two out of its three constitutive peoples , bosniaks and croats . secession of the new - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody and gruesome [[ yugoslav wars ]] . it started with
8780980 0 great civilian loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided the a large portion of both rebel formations . the current estimate of the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . during the war , the [[ communism | communist
9382164 0 memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which turned out to be an dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanian majority and the serbian minority in the province . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milosevic | slobodan milo & # 353 ; evi &
9383013 5 economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest , and marked a culmination in the rift of the ruling party . following the " [[ fall of communism ]] in [[ eastern europe ]] and in yugoslavia , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in
9813073 0 | marshal tito led yugoslavia from the end of world war ii until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]]
10662657 3 power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and instated the 17 - year old crown prince [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | peter ]] as the new king . apparently this defiance infuriated [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] , so the axis decided to attack both yugoslavia and greece on [[ april 6 ]] . ( as a result , hitler had to
11322803 0 an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the
12142335 4 greece ]] , and before germany committed its forces to the greek campaign , it wanted to secure yugoslavia ' s support . [[ pavle karadjordjevic | royal regent paul ]] prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia
13049340 4 and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezi & # 263 ; kr & # 269 ; un served
15457341 6 by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but later strayed and lost that support , and also with the population . the german response to both of these resistance movements was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]]
22506754 0 : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " in early 1992 . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : *
22785116 15 occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ usta & # 353 ; e ustaše ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ albania
25682758 10 [[ president for life ]] . [[ image : balkans02 . jpg | thumb | right | former yugoslavia map ]] in sfry , each republic and province had its own internal constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was a collective presidency , the federal prime minister , and the
26468448 1 build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc | eastern ]] and [[ western bloc nato | western bloc ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official affiliation of
26468715 1 [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest . following the " [[ fall of communism ]] " in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in
27585752 0 its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc | eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato | nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official affiliation of the country
30275074 4 * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia
30298958 2 ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and two separate provinces of yugoslavia , where the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] - mainly hungarian * [[ kosovo ]] - annexed from albania in 1910 in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina
31777742 0 ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal
31961080 7 in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry
25 by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in [[ 1929 ]] , but was relatively limited in its activities until [[ 1941 ]] . german troops occupied [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by
41 self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in [[ 1980 ]] , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the
32922260 0 western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to [[ collaboration | collaborate with axis powers against nla . after allies realised that chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the
1 and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to collaborate ]] with axis powers against nla . after allies realised that chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the civil
2 central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to collaborate with [[ axis powers against nla . after allies realised that chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the civil population
33738425 2 by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against nla . after the allies realised that chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and
5 [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against nla . after allies realised that chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to the resistance movement was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]]
18 population , the serbs . this caused the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more democratisation and economic liberalization , to leave the congress in protest . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics elected
32 . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early 1992 ; . large areas of the republic was at this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb population there ( 35 % of bosnian population ) , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment among
39 empower the majority population , the serbs . this caused the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization , to leave the congress in protest . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the
43 of bosnian population ) , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a yes vote in the referendum . while everyone advocated that any decision had to be made with the consent of all the three nations , the referendum was declared valid , the opinion of the serbs was ignored , and the republic ' s government declared its independence . the serbs immediately declared the independence of
34241700 11 under the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 % {{ ref | malcolm }} ,
12 the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 % {{ ref | malcolm }} , however
34508805 1 had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] ( considered a terrorist organisation by , among others , serbian authorities , and the u . s . state department , which added it to its list of terrorist organisations ) which carried
35562548 0 ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first and yugoslavia was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' '
36660567 1 each republic and province had its own internal constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and
44222520 5 [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc | eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation
44361382 3 was tito as president ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the
7 each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province provincial premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia
8 central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus and communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started
15 federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own internal constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was tito as president ( a collective presidency was formed after tito
17 , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents
46276607 0 [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian
49267272 15 [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] had since 1986 been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it on a collision course along with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed suit . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened
50649733 0 nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this constitution , individual republics had a right to self - determination , including secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = =
2 of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right to self - determination western investment , including secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in
51598172 6 all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had become irreconciable . not a single important decision that might have eased the situation could be taken . the . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . economic crisis at the time only
7 eased the situation could be taken . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the imf ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the yugoslav communist party , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards neoliberalism , to the delight of the us . it was the reagan administration which , in 1984 , had adopted " shock therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in 1981 , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with albania . in 1989 geoffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under ante markovic prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced in 1990 just economic crisis at the time only made everything harder . as a result , serbian academy of sciences and arts drafted a memorandum addressing these issues . it said unless timely
19 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - standing serbo - croat disputes , which had been suppressed under tito , no one knew what the future had in store . legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had
21 a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had become irreconciable . not a single important decision that might have eased the situation could be taken . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . economic crisis at the time only
53085765 1 and seeking confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory for the two main serbian parties . communists came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant party prepared a draft constitution for a neutral peasant republic of croatia .
11 and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany , fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i .
17 supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against serb civilian population . for a every one soldier killed soldier , germans executed 100 civilians , for a wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support
21 for a wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000
25 the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against serb civilian population . for a killed soldier , germans executed 100 civilians , for a wounded one , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the nla
54472252 0 languages ]] , in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three four separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means
54472293 0 languages ]] , in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for four three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means
54622007 1 yugoslavia ' s break - up . but yugoslavia ' s constitutional principles did provide a key to its resolution for the constitution gave rights to nations of equal force to the rights of both nations and republics . thus , under these criteria , the serb nationals in , say , croatia , were the subjects of national rights which could not be overridden by the will
54749729 0 [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the pie [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . macedonia
54853772 0 [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the pie [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . macedonia
56069954 7 collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers ' : ive always wanted to edit something on the liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the
8 population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on that site ' ' ' alyssa ' ' ' : edit ? ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : u can just go on wikipedia and click the liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[
56640106 0 the constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had become irreconciable irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . the collapse of yugoslavia was the
56794062 2 eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and
57059880 0 was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and
57320182 9 between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegran voters turned out for a special referrundum on the independence of the montenagran republic montenegro from federal union with serbia . they voted 55 . 4 % for independence , recognized as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal
11 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegran voters turned out for a special referrundum on the independence of the montenagran republic from federal union with serbia . they voted 55 . 4 5 % for independence , recognized as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3
59137642 7 the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in slovenia and croatia to their electorates involved offering to repudiate the markovic marković - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosevic in serbia was to the fact
59611366 3 [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . * the second ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy )
63135388 7 [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as the ' ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' . it is also known as the second yugoslavia . ethnic conflicts and the declaration of
63327901 18 politicians opposed the new state right from the start . the croatian peasants ' party ( hss ) slowly grew to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory for the two main serbian parties . communists came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly
23 slowly grew to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory for the two main serbian ]] parties . communists came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant party
53 montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , including stjepan radić , who eventually died . following this , king aleksandar i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance
57 power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy ]] and germany , fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by
58 and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and [[ germany , fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar
59 renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany ]] , fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i
60 the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany , [[ fascism | fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i .
64 separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany , fascists and nazis rose to power , and [[ joseph stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to
66 however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in italy and germany , fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the [[ soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world
78 of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the totalitarian regimes and by the certainty that
79 headed by his cousin prince paul . the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by
81 totalitarian regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy and nazi germany , croatian leader vlatko macek and his party managed the creation of the croatian banovina ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that
95 army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old king peter full powers . = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where mussolini had previously been
63330276 1 launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = {{ [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6th ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini
16 the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and
17 [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina
26 nationalistic royalist guerilla army led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croat ]] - [[ slovenian
63331191 1 constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent socialist republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro
5 | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[
63517403 4 nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however
23 suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution
26 of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - world war two yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against
46 capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the yugoslav communist party , allied to
52 within the yugoslav communist party , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards neoliberalism , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan administration which , in 1984 , had adopted " shock therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of
95 and ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosević in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . these [[ nationalism | nationalist appeals were ultimately successful : in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in
99 whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party became increasingly paralysed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify - date | june 2006 }} after
63521475 1 thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify - date | june 2006 }} after tito ' s death in 1980 ]] , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless
2 into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify - date | june 2006 }} after tito ' s death in 1980 , [[ ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as
4 {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify - date | june 2006 }} after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had become irreconcilable
11 . this was then used by social groups in yugoslavia and in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . some [[ europe | european governments actually had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of east central europe at that
12 this was then used by social groups in yugoslavia and in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . some european ]] governments actually had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of east central europe at that time
22 states eager to gain independence for slovenia and croatia ; on the other side was the united states , eager to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and ' " globalised ' its political economy through shock therapy in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . the forces eager to see the break -
23 to gain independence for slovenia and croatia ; on the other side was the united states , eager to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and ' globalised ' " its political economy through shock therapy in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . the forces eager to see the break - up of
41 that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did not stop austrian efforts . the hungarian ]] government of jozef antall , elected in the spring of 1990 , adopted a policy very much in line with that of austria , but with additional hungarian goals vis a
48 additional hungarian goals vis a vis serbia ' s vojvodina province . these manoeuvres by austria and hungary to break up yugoslavia were , of course , then overshadowed by the [[ germany | german government ' s drive to derecognise yugoslavia through giving recognition to slovenia and croatia . the german government ' s open championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did
58 flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the [[ 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s
59 which helped to generate the collapse . many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 ]] constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority
66 dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . during 1980s , serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of serbs as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia had
69 serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council .
77 turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army was ordered by yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened .
90 serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national and constitutional rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas (
91 and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights " , the serbs were stripped of their national ]] and constitutional rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known
92 montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights " , the serbs were stripped of their national and [[ constitution | constitutional rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later
121 an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs
122 escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should
144 the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ imoro ]] ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[
149 heard and the troops were seen falling down . slovenia was accused of shooting them , which was later proven a farce , since all three soldiers are still alive . more information is available under [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia article . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three
65111870 5 was then used by social groups in yugoslavia and in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . some [[ europe | european ]] governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]]
65148286 0 was then used by social groups in yugoslavia and in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . some [[ europe | european ]] n governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east
1 then used by social groups in yugoslavia and in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . some [[ europe ]] n governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[
66706309 1 , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this was the first known war crime in the yugoslav wars incident . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a
68011126 6 ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land
71228434 0 of yugoslavia ]] = = = at 5 : 15 a . m . on [[ april 6th ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism in italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and
71228578 1 party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in [[ november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main [[ serbian ]] parties . [[ communism | communists ]] came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response ,
80305420 9 each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life
80313028 13 ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime government stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal
25 yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong so - called social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[
80313856 9 - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations hiding behind slogans about " greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the government regime stifled the public protest , which was led by defeated ustaše , known nazist collaborators during the wwii , and arrested the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the
22 when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations hiding behind slogans about " greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the government stifled the public protest , which was led by defeated ustaše , known nazist collaborators during the wwii , and arrested the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , as many of them were infiltraed perpetrators ( as the exodus of "
30 as it would have been expected from a capitalist system , determined to end the successful growth of its worst enemy - successful and democratically superior communism . simultaneously , strong so - called social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , this time openly allied to western business , banking and state interests and began
80382137 5 in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . the collapse of yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . ]] the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . the collapse of yugoslavia was the result
17 , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on [[ june 25th ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare illegal [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of
19 [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their illegal independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war
25 albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . the collapse of yugoslavia was the result
80538911 0 feared that serbia would simply annex the former habsburg territories where there was serbian population present , but the territory was percieved to be theirs . this fear was strongest in croat croatian political circles , as large parts of what they thought to be hrvatska ( croatia , as commonly albeit incorrectly called abroad ) was home to large serbian population . the
80540551 4 endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in [[ november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main serbian parties . jugoslavia - oriented [[ communism | communists ]] came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian
80541881 7 [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war elections independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal
8 tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent and established [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic
80542773 3 it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of west , did mean pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[
80543661 2 of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for " greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently
80544003 2 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations , supported heavilly by the west , for " greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the regime government stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party , already corrupted and secretly financially supported by imperialist governments from the west ,
80546176 6 shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state society : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[
9 in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest and where the , then inevitable , economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image : ante marković
13 which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation , looking really for a justification for their own unsuccesful capitalist economies , hidden under the false " growth " and " prosperity " which did not really existed but in a couple of countries , such as sweden , which ironically were developing capitalist version of democratic socialism . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to the republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government
80546909 0 among the masses of poor and uneducated , mainly peasants , the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a large massive party claiming to endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation , in order to grab as much land for future hrvatska ( croatia ) as possible , disregarding the actual
17 ]] , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia refused russian model allowed a certain amount of " socialism " and begun rebuilding the country on principles of democratic marxist socialism . that , to the surprise in the west , did mean pluralism and open economy
19 her industrial base , yugoslavia refused russian model of " socialism " and begun rebuilding the country on principles of democratic marxist socialism . that , to the surprise in the west , did mean spirit of pluralism and open economy . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise , as it allowed infiltration of western spies and
27 proposal to push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration " that resulted in a dissolution in horrific war that followed . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the society state : the socialist link between the economy and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981
35 - up of people living in these territories . the elections for the constituent assembly in [[ november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main serbian parties . jugoslavia - oriented [[ communism | communists ]] came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian
37 led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in the first free post - war elections independent and established [[ communism | communist ]] republic , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' '
39 ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in the first free post - war elections independent and established [[ communism | communist ]] republic , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic
49 - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations , supported heavilly by the west , for " greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the government stifled the destabilising and unfounded protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in
59 , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest , due to the enormous influx of " refugees " from albania , and where the , then inevitable , economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image : ante marković
63 many so - called " economic experts " in the west would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation , looking really for a justification for their own unsuccesful capitalist economies , hidden under the false " growth " and " prosperity " which did not really existed but in a couple of countries , such as sweden , which ironically were developing capitalist version of democratic socialism . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to the republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government
80966897 0 and free themselves of tyranies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the nineteenth century , mainly because of the harsh policies against
81012497 0 was a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who realised that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom was to unite and free themselves of tyranies tyrannies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around
82273156 0 ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three eight separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of
82273686 0 ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the eight seven separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of
82327591 0 ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the seven three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of
82799705 0 ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav terrorist economic policies of the us and other western capitalist regimes in the 1970s , who encouraged jugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a
5 the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong various social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[
82800045 0 would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue of those west - leaning groups in the government and commujnist alliance , were effectively us - paid spies working tirelessly on spreading confusion and making disastrous decisions that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had
1 , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue that had led to the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given
2 of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation collapse of the system eventually . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to the republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government
3 helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . then , the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to the republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government .
4 socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to the all republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the
82813167 1 ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous terrorist economic policies of the us and other western capitalist regimes in the 1970s , who encouraged jugoslav errors by yugoslav governments into borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered one of many false recessions so prevalent in capitalism , blocked
5 was then forced to accept the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , various strong social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[
13 disastrous decisions that had led to the collapse of the system eventually . then , the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to all the republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government , and weakening serbia . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980
19 government and commujnist alliance , were effectively us - paid spies working tirelessly on spreading confusion and making disastrous decisions that had led to the collapse of the system eventually . then , the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to all republics , whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government ,
83667331 2 [[ chetniks ]] ( ' ' četnici ' ' known for their war crimes and atrocities against non - orthodox population , croatians , muslims etc . ) , a serb - composed nationalistic fasicst , royalist guerilla army led by convicted war criminal [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . but very shortly after the begining of war chetniks started to collaborate
14 collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nvo , the allies eventually switched to support the nvo . however , nvo carried on its guerrilla warfare . germans , italians , ustaše and četnici joined their forces against the nvo and that led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by
83862003 4 ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land
13 only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' was a [[ socialism | socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945 ]] as the succesor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia . it existed
16 established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945 ]] as the succesor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia . it existed under various names . proclaimed as , including the ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' in [[ 1943 ]] . it changed its name to the ' ' federal people ' s republic of
84299894 3 federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( 1992 ) was a [[ federation ]] on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining how republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4
84305972 5 federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( 1992 ) was a [[ federation ]] on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining how republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on when [[ february
85057086 0 socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six socialist republics , and two a socialist autonomous provinces that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : # socialist republic
87847188 76 make it look like it was crumbling under its own problems . economy and the political system , being socialist one , were the great excuses for imperialist capitalism . the [[ 1974 ]] constitution , though better for the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of
91185843 0 ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three four separate political entities that existed on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' '
91986037 17 survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be a constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of
22 insisted on their own republic or sort of independence , then serbia would simply take areas inhabited by the serbs and already occupied by the serbian army . after much debate , the national council agreed to unification with serbia , although its declaration stated that the final organization of the state should be left to the future constituent assembly . the most
24 he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became the absolute ruler in the [[ soviet union
25 power changed in international relations : in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became the absolute ruler in the [[ soviet union ]] . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in
26 [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became the absolute ruler in the [[ soviet union ]] . none of these three states regimes favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined
31 intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger
92434733 1 ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four separate political entities that existed on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' (
98746734 2 of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests , fueled and icited by external supporters of the break - up between the republics , had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . in the summer of 1991 the [[
4 , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare illegal [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian people ' s defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[
5 in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created the their own illegal state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under
98954754 10 would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia as to devolve power even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was
101068997 1 after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist
101441759 0 part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . during this time croatia along with bosnian muslims created concentration camps for serbs , roma , and jews , one of the most famous being [[ jasenovac ]] . estimates point that up to 800 , 000 men , women and children were executed in these camps , most of whom were serbs . croatia , nazis and vatican had a plan to kill a third of serbs , convert a third , and ethnically cleanse the last third . = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movement . those inclined
101445916 6 children were executed in these camps , most of whom were serbs . croatia , nazis and vatican had a plan to kill a third of serbs , convert a third to catholicism , and ethnically cleanse the last third . = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism |
102669832 1 at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . = = = the independent state of croatia = = = {{ main | independent state of croatia }} [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma people | gypsies ]] were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism
5 the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until
6 ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied
102992475 0 were taken prisoners . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic fascism | fascist militia known as the ustaše that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied
1 . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholicism | catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist militia known as the ustaše that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina
105959469 2 on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the fartnoxers [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ;
105959810 2 on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was pooped on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the fartnoxers [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ;
107135877 0 and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers
107136022 0 and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers
107220473 14 milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which the republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as
35 [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in the state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia ,
37 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian people ' s defence ( ' ' teritorialna obramba ' ' , a paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[
50 serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia had been dispossessed of its attributes of statehood by the new 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government could
58 of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed on . in the
59 [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their illegal independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war
107864960 0 kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] contributed significantly to the rise of serbian nationalism , as it drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia
21 of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to several reasons , among them being the ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . less than a hundred years before , it was
107899114 5 the [[ serbs ]] were leaving kosovo for about a century , mostly they moved north for economic reasons . but now , their numbers were falling even faster due to several reasons , among them being the ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population of the province . less than a hundred years before
23 kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] contributed significantly to the rise of serbian nationalism , as it drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the
110042365 4 intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against ' ' ' freedom movements among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin
110043742 5 intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against ' ' ' freedom movements < / math > ]] ttoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the
110342951 1 , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ firstly , it is important to note that yugoslavia is largly regarded as a concept symbolizing the fall state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of communism . it is often believed that the place yugoslavia is modern reference to the agent city of atlantis . there have been numerous arch . excavations to support such
115312273 0 an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . hi my name is bob the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic
115312397 0 an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . hi my name is bob the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic
115465480 3 and ethnic ties = = = similarity of the languages and long history of common life have left many ties between the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favours differentiation , particularly in the language area . once the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several
115750122 1 occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due started to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the
118460592 0 latinic ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom
119688803 0 only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against freedom movements among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the [[ ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg
124000203 0 taken prisoners . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the ustaše that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and
125725649 5 surrounded by slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 ]] although in 1915 the serbian jewish assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee
13 banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king alexander i ]] banned national political jew parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon
125729057 3 surrounded by slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 ]] although in 1915 the jewish serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee
14 = = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king jewsi ]] banned national jew parties in 1929 , assumed jewish power and renamed the country jewgoslavia . jews he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other european powers due to developments in
125863620 0 i of yugoslavia | king alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and fuck your mother mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other european powers due to developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany
125863690 0 i of yugoslavia | king alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and fuck your mother mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other european powers due to developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany
127641711 0 gypsies and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . according to mile budak , croatia planned to kill a third of the serbs , convert a third to catholicism , and ethnically cleanse ( expel ) the last third . = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movement . those inclined
131419480 2 system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia
134919978 8 the war was over . in may 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ italians ]] . however , the nla
9 [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the [[ nazis ]] made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use [[ croatia | croatian ]] [[ fascism ]] for barbarous acts against the serbs and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some elements
12 favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of
135158463 0 three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army - houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana - zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three
1 in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the police forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone
141665990 2 now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry officially had three official languages along with minority languages of the minorities which were official in places where the minority lived but in all federal organ only serbo - croatian was used and it was expected from others to
3 , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry officially had three official languages along with languages of the official where minorities which were official in places where the minority lived but in all federal organ only serbo - croatian was used and it was expected from others to use it also
142795804 0 gypsies and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . s = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] unorganized resistance movement . those inclined
142995905 0 and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts that the federation is under attach attack by foreign forces , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on the ground where they served their conscription , the slovene
143540521 0 gypsies and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . s = = = = resistance movements = = = {{ main | people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] unorganized resistance movement . those inclined
150932203 14 a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojadinović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austro - hungarian empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london
51 italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with a promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , which had substantial numbers of italians living in the coastal cities surrounded by slavs . [[ image
155255391 1 of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue that the decentralised decentralized market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power
157503671 1 = = changes in yugoslavian religious demographics = = = yugoslavia is home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , catholicism , judaism and protestantism as well as various orthodox faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population was
3 yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population was deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of modernization and urbanization , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . < ref > [ http : / / atheism . about
157504208 2 = yugoslavia has always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam , catholicism , judaism and protestantism as well as various orthodox faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have
3 yugoslavia has always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam ]] , catholicism , judaism and protestantism as well as various orthodox faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed
4 has always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , [[ catholicism , judaism and protestantism as well as various orthodox faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically
5 always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , catholicism ]] , judaism and protestantism as well as various orthodox faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since
6 been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , catholicism , [[ judaism and protestantism as well as various orthodox faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world
7 a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , catholicism , judaism ]] and protestantism as well as various orthodox faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war
8 home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , catholicism , judaism and [[ protestantism as well as various orthodox faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii
14 connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post - war communist government ' s policies on national unity and state structure . after the rise of [[ communism , a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the total population of yugoslavia considered themselves to be religious believers . the places of highest religious
158242560 5 and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992
160502277 8 - state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the ustaše that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until [[ 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of serbia and slovenia , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy
9 state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the ustaše that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 ]] . a [[ serbia ( 1941 - 1944 ) | serbian state ]] was also established as another puppet state . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of serbia and slovenia , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy .
160502817 2 than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a [[ nazi [[ puppet state ]] , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in [[ 1929 ]] , but
3 three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi ]] [[ puppet state ]] , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in [[ 1929 ]] , but was
165059312 3 for christian [[ serbs ]] would make them into useful allies . however , they did little more than slaughter innocent serbian civilians , and surrendered at first signs of the soviet and vmo liberation of yugoslavia < ref > it . the ss , hitler ' s instrument of terror . gordon williamson < / ref > . by the end of the april 1941 , [[ independent state of croatia ]]
5 in [[ southern europe ]] . between 300 , 000 and 700 , 000 people perished in this [[ genocide | jasenovac concentration camp ]] ( supervised directly by the [[ croatian ustasha regime ]] wartime politicians such as [[ ante pavelic ]] ) ; the victims were overwhelmingly of [[ serbs | serbian origin ]] , but also 40 , 000 [[ roma ]]
165059895 0 - war propaganda claimed that between 300 , 000 and 700 , 000 people perished in this [[ genocide | jasenovac concentration camp ]] ( supervised directly by the [[ ustasha regime ]] wartime politicians such as [[ ante pavelic ]] ) ; the victims being overwhelmingly of [[ serbs | serbian origin ]] , but also 40 , 000 [[ roma ]]
166023350 2 were also recruited by germany . the germans proposed that the bosnians dislike of christian would make them into useful allies . however , little advantage came of the it . < ref > the ss , hitler ' s instrument of terror . gordon williamson < / ref > . by the end of the april 1941 , [[ independent state of croatia ]]
166739641 0 nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = {{ main | economy of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} although rigorously socialist in developing its industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise {{ fact | date = september 2007 }} . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the 1960s and 1970s , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years . the state provided housing , health care , education , and child care . citizens lived well on a per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in 1980 dollars ) , with one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 .
173045831 0 | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] , or literary ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three dthree political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the six countries that were once part
173045980 0 | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] , or literary ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes dthree three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the six countries that were once part
175758196 0 ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul ' s ass submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia
175758463 2 ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul ' s ass submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia
183749409 1 yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and it ' s army capitulated eleven days later . the legitimate royal government in exile was recognized and supported by allied forces . in 1943 , the new country called democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed . the kingdom was officially abolished in
184057204 0 yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and it ' s army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in exile was recognized and supported by allied forces . in 1943 , the new country called democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed . the kingdom was officially abolished in
1 [[ axis powers ]] and it ' s army capitulated eleven days later . the royal government in exile was recognized and supported by allied forces . in 1943 , the communist led resistance movement proclaimed a new country called democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' '
184062418 11 by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . a [[ serbia ( 1941 - 1944 ) | serbian state ]] was also established as another puppet state . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts
186368893 2 new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in [[ 1946 ]] and the country was renamed to federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia yugosusckia . the parliamentary democracy was suspended and communist state was established . in 1963 , the country was renamed again to ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]]
186370192 2 new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in [[ 1946 ]] and the country was renamed to federal people ' s republic of yugosusckia yugoslavia . the parliamentary democracy was suspended and communist state was established . in 1963 , the country was renamed again to ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]]
192040971 0 kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in [[ 1946 ]] , the country was renamed to federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia . the parliamentary democracy was suspended and a communist state was established . in 1963 , the country was renamed again to ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry ) .
192073726 10 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in exile was recognized and supported by [[ allies of world war ii | allied forces . in 1943 , the communist led resistance movement proclaimed a new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in [[ 1946
192075557 22 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in exile was recognised and supported by [[ allies of world war ii | allied forces ]] . in 1943 , the communist - led resistance movement proclaimed a new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in
194708763 0 who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew ]] ish and [[ roma people | roma ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration collaborationism | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto '
195260112 3 those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , a multiethnic , though largely serb , royalist guerilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] (
199227355 1 croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . republic of macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining three four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since [[ january
200576067 0 province of serbia is a partially recognized state after it also declared its independence in 2008 but was not a socialist republic of the former yugoslavia it had the status of a an socialist autonomous province within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918
200576269 0 province of serbia is a partially recognized state after it also declared its independence in 2008 but was not a socialist republic of the former yugoslavia it had the status of an a socialist autonomous province within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918
200599214 6 | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] formerly an autonomous province of serbia is a partially recognized state after it also which declared its independence in 2008 but was not a socialist republic of the former yugoslavia , it had the status of a socialist autonomous province within serbia along with [[ vojvodina
7 [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] formerly an autonomous province of serbia is a partially recognized state after it also declared its independence in 2008 but . it was not a socialist republic of the former yugoslavia , it had the status of a socialist autonomous province within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] . the ' ' '
203556024 15 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the former constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , now independent states , are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro
204772008 0 - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 230px | right | map of yugoslavia in [[ 1919 ]] showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war ii i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo | rapallo
204970176 0 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in exile was recognized and supported by allied forces . in 1943 ' ' ' [[ ' ' = = 1942 = = ' ' ]] ' ' ' , the communist led resistance movement proclaimed a new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in [[ 1956 ]] , the country was
204999541 0 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in exile was recognized and supported by allied forces . in ' ' ' [[ ' ' = = 1942 = = ' ' ]] ' ' ' 1943 , the communist led resistance movement proclaimed a new country called democratic federal yugoslavia . the kingdom was officially abolished in 1945 . in [[ 1956 ]] , the country was
206784715 0 genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many few politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity .
206785833 4 genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . few many politicians were man handled or kept under tight cages . the effect of alexander ' s fatness was to further kill the illegal aliens from the idea of unity . the
206801668 7 genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many many politicians were man handled or kept under tight cages . the effect of alexander ' s fatness was to further kill the illegal aliens from the idea of unity . the
206808719 6 [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " . it was established on [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and due to the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country by this name was " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in 1943 by the communist resistance movement in world war ii . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1956 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( sfry ) . the constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia
29 june 5 ]] [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , [[ republic of kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act not recognized by [[ serbia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of
206809460 7 1941 , and due to the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country by this name was " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in [[ 1943 by the communist resistance movement in world war ii . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1956 , when a communist
8 , and due to the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country by this name was " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in 1943 ]] by the communist resistance movement in world war ii . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1956 , when a communist government
9 due to the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country by this name was " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ communist resistance movement in world war ii . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1956 , when a communist government was established
16 of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr macedonia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name was the " [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( fry )
206813758 0 were : [[ sr slovenia ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonymy | autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr macedonia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which
206814404 0 : [[ sr slovenia ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonymy autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ socialist
210757366 13 the joint concern of the [[ soviet union | ussr ]] and the [[ united states | usa ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe right to separate from yugoslavia . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports .
14 ]] and the [[ united states | usa ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the an economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies
212538131 0 dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 22 40 governments . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[
214002102 0 dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 40 41 governments . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[
215130529 0 was the unification of the south slav lands with the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which was independent although occupied at the time ) . with the defeat of the pie king [[ central powers ]] in world war i and the collapse of the austro - hungarian empire , various south slavic territories were quickly botched together to form the kingdom of
215130545 0 was the unification of the south slav lands with the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which was independent although occupied at the time ) . with the defeat of the pie king [[ central powers ]] in world war i and the collapse of the ( pie queen ) austro - hungarian empire , various south slavic apple pie territories were quickly botched
215131412 2 of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . pie rocks ! the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] [[ puppet state ]] , ruled by
215131433 4 of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand pie officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . pie rocks ! the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up like my nose . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] [[ puppet state ]]
216746556 2 . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to because of german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human
216850189 4 kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , un ]] and nato administration arrived in kosovo * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006
5 liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , un and [[ nato administration arrived in kosovo * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]]
219529741 3 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the country with this name was " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in [[ 1943 ]] by the [[ communist ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in [[ 1946
5 by the [[ communist ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in [[ 1946 ]] , when a communist government was established . in [[ 1963 ]] , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( sfry )
227300117 0 dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 41 43 governments . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[
231803887 14 the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ communist yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1946 , when a communist government
40 and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , it was renamed to the " [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] " , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[
231804261 1 june 1961 . ]] during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on in control of the liberated territories , and the nov organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[
231804913 8 king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia
231807278 19 too high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . most notable of the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir zerjavic ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by
20 high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the victories against the occupying forces we the battles of [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir zerjavic ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by the
23 war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir zerjavic ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by the and [[ united nations ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and
231810308 29 yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government = = = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist
236663086 0 it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 43 46 governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade
241739997 12 into combat with the partisans . before the end of the war , the chetnik movement would complete the single largest evacuation of american forces behind enemy lines . the [[ chetniks and yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation
243549424 2 of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander iv of fugoslavia | alexander iv i ]] banned national political parties in 1529 , assumed executive power and renamed the country fugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist assions . however , alexander
244382178 0 it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 46 50 governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade
244471549 0 - time division of the country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustashe ustaše ]] which committed genocide against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs . while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and
246981845 2 world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme
246982301 1 were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall , and social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = =
246983138 1 his yugoslavism with the imf " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west northwest and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in [[ slovenia ]] and croatia to their electorates involved offering to repudiate the marković - imf austerity
2 serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in [[ slovenia ]] and croatia to their electorates involved offering to repudiate the marković - imf austerity and by doing so help helping their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and " join europe " . the appeal of milošević in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the
247526296 14 and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon encountered opposition from other [[ europe ]] an powers stemming from developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]]
20 ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which
247935764 5 , 1919 . png | thumb | 200px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties kingdom of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo ]] ]]
7 map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly flag ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 200px
41 [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 200px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo
45 power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]]
46 stjepan " stevo " filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) seconds before plunging to his death . ]] [[ image : dfy coat of arms . gif | 200px | thumb | right | the coat of arms of the [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] . ]] {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[
249673439 0 it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 50 52 governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade
251007548 2 and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih b & h and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the federal court
251363174 4 and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the b & h bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the federal court
251644574 2 , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , # [[ socialist autonomous province of kosova , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for
255553089 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia yugoslobia | federal abomination of yugoslobia | federal abomination of yugoslobia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known
255553113 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslobia yugoslavia | federal abomination of yugoslobia | federal abomination of yugoslobia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known
1 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslobia | socialist federal abomination of yugoslobia | federal abomination of yugoslobia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as
3 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslobia | federal abomination of yugoslobia yugoslavia | federal abomination of yugoslobia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslobia . the precise
256885073 0 , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] weener banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander '
256900928 0 , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] weener banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander '
259633189 4 socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government = = = on 7 april 1963 the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was
275243935 1 membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > . montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] < / ref > . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various
275273607 0 still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic pie ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with
275273894 0 , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ pie ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with the
275700448 0 , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with the
277775145 0 this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , fede they had nukes and wanted to kill the america when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest
277775883 0 this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the fede they had nukes and wanted to kill the america federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest
279272883 2 election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea
279273471 2 rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea
280271362 0 and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the greatlypussy fucen rulesthe partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by
280309997 0 and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatlypussy fucen rulesthe greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by
284695040 10 this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent ) . the kingdom of yugoslavia socialist republics that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]]
14 ]] ) and [[ sr slovenia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the republic ' s slovenia ]] and [[ sr constituent entities . the last country to bear the name was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on march 27 , 1992 . it was a
31 constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six socialist people ' s republics , a socialist autonomous province , and a socialist autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were
35 aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . yugoslavia solved the national issue or nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had same rights , the right to use ones own flags , defaced with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' '
284882683 0 finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after the intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . yugoslavia solved the national issue or nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had
286513071 0 it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 52 58 governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade
290911948 0 also equal members of the federation ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the countries country ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on march 27 , 1992 . it was a
291205359 0 it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 58 60 governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade
292035709 1 yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] yugoslavia declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day
300031638 1 effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned , in the internal matters the state was a police one , communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]]
310373520 1 yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent eight socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro
312074340 2 = = approaching the breakup = = = in experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though whilst dampening the institutional and material power powers of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia |
313663539 5 the two of the union but as the year passed other republics communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation - serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards
319569174 7 ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disaramament disarmament of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting
8 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps mp ' s , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace
9 remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia yugo - nostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]]
319589909 6 ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disarmament disaramament of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting
8 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mp ' s mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace
9 remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugo - nostalgia yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]]
319701637 7 ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disaramament disarmament of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting
8 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps mp ' s , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace
9 remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia yugo - nostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]]
319852932 6 ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disarmament disaramament of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting
8 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mp ' s mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace
9 remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugo - nostalgia yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]]
321386246 0 ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] = = serbian pro german sentiments = = pro - axis support of the serbian controlled yugoslav government moved prince paul of yugoslavia gradually away from france and toward germany . in 1936 hitler decided to endorse the government of premier milan stojadinovic . in 1937 stojadinovic had visited mussolini and introduced the nazi salute . after taking the title vodja ( fuhrer ) prince paul dismissed stojadinovic and replaced him with dragisa cvetkovic who cherished similar pro - axis foreign policy but with fewer fascist attributes . prince paul considered germany as the only power able to uphold the artificial state of yugoslavia and he undertook secret talks with top nazi officials in december 1939 . yugoslavia became part of the axis on march 24 , 1941 . the only member of the government who refused to sign the " pact of steel " joining the axis was the croatian minister , vladko macek of the croatian peasant party . after the signing cvetkovic assured hitler that yugoslavia " . . . would be ready to cooperate with germany in every way . " in fact , paul had been cooperating since 1939 with mass arrests of jews , strict racial laws , and the prohibition of trade unions . in 1940 , laws had been passed classifying the types of businesses which jews could own , direct , or work in and severely limiting educational access for jews . a secret protocol was attached to the axis pact which promised yugoslavia access to the aegean sea at the expense of greece in the new order . - - [ 2 ] - - [[ user : vatroslav1937 | vatroslav1937 ]] ( [[ user talk : vatroslav1937 | talk ]] ) 14 : 33 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[
321387337 0 ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] = = = serbian pro german sentiments = = = pro - axis support of the serbian controlled yugoslav government moved prince paul of yugoslavia gradually away from france and toward germany . in 1936 hitler decided to endorse the government of premier milan stojadinovic . in 1937 stojadinovic had visited mussolini and introduced the nazi salute . after taking the title vodja ( fuhrer ) prince paul dismissed stojadinovic and replaced him with dragisa cvetkovic who cherished similar pro - axis foreign policy but with fewer fascist attributes . prince paul considered germany as the only power able to uphold the artificial state of yugoslavia and he undertook secret talks with top nazi officials in december 1939 . yugoslavia became part of the axis on march 24 , 1941 . the only member of the government who refused to sign the " pact of steel " joining the axis was the croatian minister , vladko macek of the croatian peasant party . after the signing cvetkovic assured hitler that yugoslavia " . . . would be ready to cooperate with germany in every way . " in fact , paul had been cooperating since 1939 with mass arrests of jews , strict racial laws , and the prohibition of trade unions . in 1940 , laws had been passed classifying the types of businesses which jews could own , direct , or work in and severely limiting educational access for jews . a secret protocol was attached to the axis pact which promised yugoslavia access to the aegean sea at the expense of greece in the new order . - - [ 2 ] - - [[ user : vatroslav1937 | vatroslav1937 ]] ( [[ user talk : vatroslav1937 | talk ]] ) 14 : 33 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[
328282850 0 of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . even though the belgrade government was pro - german the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[
328760854 1 of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . even though the belgrade government was pro - german the axis powers occupied yugoslavia because yugoslavia was russia ' s ally and the germans went to war with russia [ 3 ] . the [[ independent state of croatia ]]
329283670 8 was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , also known as yugoslamania , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav yugoslamania partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was
329284590 9 the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslamania , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslamania yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslamania in 1946 , when a communist government was
332045546 0 of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . zdghdsgvhjfskbvh kjdsfhbgvjuxcgh kvjhbsdf ; viugsdfkjbvhsiudhg ; nsdoihvjsbndgvbkjsghdfgkjbnui ; gsdglksjdghgbhsdvghsdkmbngkajdgksjgxvbn ; dfsgh sdgiuhkjx the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[
332046057 0 of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . zdghdsgvhjfskbvh kjdsfhbgvjuxcgh kvjhbsdf ; viugsdfkjbvhsiudhg ; nsdoihvjsbndgvbkjsghdfgkjbnui ; gsdglksjdghgbhsdvghsdkmbngkajdgksjgxvbn ; dfsgh sdgiuhkjx the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[
336062233 1 of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists croatian [[ ustaše ]] regime murdered around 500 , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people
7 independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ croats yad vashem ]] opposing its ideas . = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start
337642740 15 ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a centralized yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . < ref > {{ cite book | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xcp7oxqe0fmc & pg = pa624 | title = the balkans since 1453 | page = 624 }} < / ref > during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned , communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia ]] ( autonomous region with significant internal self - government ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . the entire kingdom was to be federalized but [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . from 1941 - 45 , the croatian [[ ustaše ]] regime murdered around 500 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism , the victims were predominantly [[ serbs ]] , but include 37 , 000 [[ jews ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center - [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > ' ' see : [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ' ' = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces . ]] [[ file : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] . ]] [[ file : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] congress . ]] {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} on november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six people ' s republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coa of sr croatia . png | 40px ]] < center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry montenegro . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after the intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . yugoslavia solved the national issue or nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag and / or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well as the republics of bosnia and herzegovina , and montenegro , were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . in slovenia the recognized minorities were hungarians and italians . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo - metohija ]] formed a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] but those provinces also formed part of the federation , which led to the unique situation that [[ central serbia ]] did not have its own assembly but a joint assembly with its provinces represented in it . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | changes in yugoslavian religious demographics }} yugoslavia had always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of [[ modernization ]] and [[ urbanization ]] , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post - war communist government ' s policies on national unity and state structure . after the rise of [[ communism ]] , a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the total population of yugoslavia considered themselves to be religious believers . the places of highest religious concentration were that of [[ kosovo ]] with 91 % and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] with 83 . 8 % . the places of lowest religious concentration were [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created in ethnic albanian - majority populated [[ kosovo ]] and the mixed - populated [[ vojvodina ]] . these autonomous provinces held the same voting power as the republics but unlike the republics , they could not legally separate from yugoslavia . this concession satisfied croatia and slovenia , but in serbia and in the new autonomous province of kosovo , reaction was different . serbs saw the new constitution as conceding to croat and ethnic albanian nationalists . ethnic albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeopardizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s which was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] loan . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of 1990 directly following the adoption of the imf programme , another 889 enterprises with a combined work - force of 525 , 000 workers suffered the same fate . in other words , in less than two years " the trigger mechanism " ( under the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . an additional 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = though the 1974 constitution dampened the institutional and material powers of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia to become part of a [[ greater serbia ]] which he accused the serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia resulted in the bosnian war . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ stress ( biological ) | tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb communities within croatia rebelling and trying to secede from the croat republic . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at around 80 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was quickly declining for several reasons , among them the ever increasing ethnic tensions and subsequent emigration from the area . by 1999 the slavs formed as little as 10 % of the total population in kosovo . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovan republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the plurality population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenes , supported by croats , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to cede power peacefully . other yugoslav republics – especially serbia – were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) against the two of the union but as the year passed other republics communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater autonomy of the republics ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , since it became clear that serbian domination attempts and increasingly different levels of democratic standards were becoming increasingly incompatible . [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia wouldn ' t accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces . when in august 1990 croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina led to a war that lasted more than 3 years ( see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of macedonia was peaceful , although the yugoslav army occupied the peak of the straža mountain on the macedonian soil . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from the dalmatian coast towards the inland almost a year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to [[ croatian home guard | home guard ]] ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disaramament of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between the croatian defence minister martin špegelj and the two men , filmed by the yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . the film was spiced by distorting sounds and fabricated voice of the croatian minister . also , guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the army was seen as a serbian service by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo and montenegro during [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution # october 1988 : vojvodina : yogurt revolution | yogurt revolutions ]] . following the first multi - party election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics . by this proposal republics would have right to self - determination . however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on march 9 , 1991 , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police were mostly already slovenian before slovenia ' s declaration of independence . the following day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within the next 48 hours . however , because of the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts that the federation was under attack by foreign forces , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on the ground where they served their conscription , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the austrian [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defense , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army – houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana – zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport were killed . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ debt moratorium | moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the police forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some strategic places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in most others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia ( prohor pčinjski part ) , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | vmro ]] ' ' ) . this was despite the fact that the yugoslav army refused to abandon its military infrastructure on the top of the straža mountain up to the year [[ 2000 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on november 27 , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = 1991 - 09 - 25 | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on january 9 , 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 – 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was not clear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied . the republic ' s government declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january 15 , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * june 14 , 1996 , the [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] is signed , limiting the military equipment of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * 1996 – 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia ( serbia and montenegro ) * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of
337769009 16 ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a centralized yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . < ref > {{ cite book | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xcp7oxqe0fmc & pg = pa624 | title = the balkans since 1453 | page = 624 }} < / ref > during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned , communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia ]] ( autonomous region with significant internal self - government ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . the entire kingdom was to be federalized but [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . from 1941 - 45 , the croatian [[ ustaše ]] regime murdered around 500 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism , the victims were predominantly [[ serbs ]] , but include 37 , 000 [[ jews ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center - [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > ' ' see : [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ' ' = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces . ]] [[ file : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] . ]] [[ file : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] congress . ]] {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} on november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six people ' s republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coa of sr croatia . png | 40px ]] < center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry montenegro . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after the intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . yugoslavia solved the national issue or nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag and / or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well as the republics of bosnia and herzegovina , and montenegro , were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . in slovenia the recognized minorities were hungarians and italians . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo - metohija ]] formed a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] but those provinces also formed part of the federation , which led to the unique situation that [[ central serbia ]] did not have its own assembly but a joint assembly with its provinces represented in it . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | changes in yugoslavian religious demographics }} yugoslavia had always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of [[ modernization ]] and [[ urbanization ]] , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post - war communist government ' s policies on national unity and state structure . after the rise of [[ communism ]] , a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the total population of yugoslavia considered themselves to be religious believers . the places of highest religious concentration were that of [[ kosovo ]] with 91 % and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] with 83 . 8 % . the places of lowest religious concentration were [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created in ethnic albanian - majority populated [[ kosovo ]] and the mixed - populated [[ vojvodina ]] . these autonomous provinces held the same voting power as the republics but unlike the republics , they could not legally separate from yugoslavia . this concession satisfied croatia and slovenia , but in serbia and in the new autonomous province of kosovo , reaction was different . serbs saw the new constitution as conceding to croat and ethnic albanian nationalists . ethnic albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeopardizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s which was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] loan . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of 1990 directly following the adoption of the imf programme , another 889 enterprises with a combined work - force of 525 , 000 workers suffered the same fate . in other words , in less than two years " the trigger mechanism " ( under the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . an additional 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = though the 1974 constitution dampened the institutional and material powers of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia to become part of a [[ greater serbia ]] which he accused the serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia resulted in the bosnian war . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ stress ( biological ) | tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb communities within croatia rebelling and trying to secede from the croat republic . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at around 80 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was quickly declining for several reasons , among them the ever increasing ethnic tensions and subsequent emigration from the area . by 1999 the slavs formed as little as 10 % of the total population in kosovo . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovan republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the plurality population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenes , supported by croats , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to cede power peacefully . other yugoslav republics – especially serbia – were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) against the two of the union but as the year passed other republics communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater autonomy of the republics ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , since it became clear that serbian domination attempts and increasingly different levels of democratic standards were becoming increasingly incompatible . [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia wouldn ' t accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces . when in august 1990 croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina led to a war that lasted more than 3 years ( see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of macedonia was peaceful , although the yugoslav army occupied the peak of the straža mountain on the macedonian soil . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from the dalmatian coast towards the inland almost a year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to [[ croatian home guard | home guard ]] ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disaramament of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between the croatian defence minister martin špegelj and the two men , filmed by the yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . the film was spiced by distorting sounds and fabricated voice of the croatian minister . also , guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the army was seen as a serbian service by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo and montenegro during [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution # october 1988 : vojvodina : yogurt revolution | yogurt revolutions ]] . following the first multi - party election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics . by this proposal republics would have right to self - determination . however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on march 9 , 1991 , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police were mostly already slovenian before slovenia ' s declaration of independence . the following day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within the next 48 hours . however , because of the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts that the federation was under attack by foreign forces , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on the ground where they served their conscription , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the austrian [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defense , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army – houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana – zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport were killed . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ debt moratorium | moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the police forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some strategic places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in most others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia ( prohor pčinjski part ) , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | vmro ]] ' ' ) . this was despite the fact that the yugoslav army refused to abandon its military infrastructure on the top of the straža mountain up to the year [[ 2000 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on november 27 , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = 1991 - 09 - 25 | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on january 9 , 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 – 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was not clear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied . the republic ' s government declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january 15 , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * june 14 , 1996 , the [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] is signed , limiting the military equipment of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * 1996 – 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia ( serbia and montenegro ) * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of
337777732 16 ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a centralized yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . < ref > {{ cite book | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xcp7oxqe0fmc & pg = pa624 | title = the balkans since 1453 | page = 624 }} < / ref > during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned , communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia ]] ( autonomous region with significant internal self - government ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . the entire kingdom was to be federalized but [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) shortly before his death in 1942 . ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . from 1941 - 45 , the croatian [[ ustaše ]] regime murdered around 500 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism , the victims were predominantly [[ serbs ]] , but include 37 , 000 [[ jews ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center - [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > ' ' see : [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ' ' = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon focused increasingly on combating the partisans , rather than the occupying axis forces . by the end of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited assistance with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data gathering in the 1980s by historians [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces . ]] [[ file : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] . ]] [[ file : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] congress . ]] {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} on november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six people ' s republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coa of sr croatia . png | 40px ]] < center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry montenegro . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after the intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . yugoslavia solved the national issue or nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag and / or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well as the republics of bosnia and herzegovina , and montenegro , were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . in slovenia the recognized minorities were hungarians and italians . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo - metohija ]] formed a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] but those provinces also formed part of the federation , which led to the unique situation that [[ central serbia ]] did not have its own assembly but a joint assembly with its provinces represented in it . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | changes in yugoslavian religious demographics }} yugoslavia had always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of [[ modernization ]] and [[ urbanization ]] , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post - war communist government ' s policies on national unity and state structure . after the rise of [[ communism ]] , a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the total population of yugoslavia considered themselves to be religious believers . the places of highest religious concentration were that of [[ kosovo ]] with 91 % and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] with 83 . 8 % . the places of lowest religious concentration were [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between [[ orthodox christian ]] [[ serbs ]] , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] general secretaries for each republic and province , and the general secretary of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , followed by republican and provincial premiers and presidents , and communist party presidents . slobodan penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created in ethnic albanian - majority populated [[ kosovo ]] and the mixed - populated [[ vojvodina ]] . these autonomous provinces held the same voting power as the republics but unlike the republics , they could not legally separate from yugoslavia . this concession satisfied croatia and slovenia , but in serbia and in the new autonomous province of kosovo , reaction was different . serbs saw the new constitution as conceding to croat and ethnic albanian nationalists . ethnic albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeopardizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s which was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] loan . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of 1990 directly following the adoption of the imf programme , another 889 enterprises with a combined work - force of 525 , 000 workers suffered the same fate . in other words , in less than two years " the trigger mechanism " ( under the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . an additional 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = though the 1974 constitution dampened the institutional and material powers of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia to become part of a [[ greater serbia ]] which he accused the serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia resulted in the bosnian war . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ stress ( biological ) | tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb communities within croatia rebelling and trying to secede from the croat republic . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at around 80 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was quickly declining for several reasons , among them the ever increasing ethnic tensions and subsequent emigration from the area . by 1999 the slavs formed as little as 10 % of the total population in kosovo . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovan republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the plurality population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenes , supported by croats , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to cede power peacefully . other yugoslav republics – especially serbia – were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) against the two of the union but as the year passed other republics communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater autonomy of the republics ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , since it became clear that serbian domination attempts and increasingly different levels of democratic standards were becoming increasingly incompatible . [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia wouldn ' t accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces . when in august 1990 croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina led to a war that lasted more than 3 years ( see below ) . the results of all these conflicts are almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of macedonia was peaceful , although the yugoslav army occupied the peak of the straža mountain on the macedonian soil . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from the dalmatian coast towards the inland almost a year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to [[ croatian home guard | home guard ]] ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful . still slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disaramament of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between the croatian defence minister martin špegelj and the two men , filmed by the yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . the film was spiced by distorting sounds and fabricated voice of the croatian minister . also , guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the army was seen as a serbian service by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo and montenegro during [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution # october 1988 : vojvodina : yogurt revolution | yogurt revolutions ]] . following the first multi - party election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics . by this proposal republics would have right to self - determination . however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on march 9 , 1991 , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police were mostly already slovenian before slovenia ' s declaration of independence . the following day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within the next 48 hours . however , because of the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts that the federation was under attack by foreign forces , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on the ground where they served their conscription , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the austrian [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defense , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army – houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana – zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport were killed . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ debt moratorium | moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the police forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some strategic places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in most others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia ( prohor pčinjski part ) , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | vmro ]] ' ' ) . this was despite the fact that the yugoslav army refused to abandon its military infrastructure on the top of the straža mountain up to the year [[ 2000 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on november 27 , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = 1991 - 09 - 25 | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on january 9 , 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the federal court in belgrade did not decide on the matter of the referendum of the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 – 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was not clear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied . the republic ' s government declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january 15 , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * june 14 , 1996 , the [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] is signed , limiting the military equipment of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * 1996 – 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia ( serbia and montenegro ) * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of
339071245 0 include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after the intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . yugoslavia solved the national issue or of nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag
340419473 1 : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " kosovo " former socialist republics " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category
358383461 0 yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ treaty of versailles | versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in
367694598 8 the two of the union but as the year passed other republics communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards
385374941 0 serbs ]] , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito
387220623 0 was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the [[ constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in
394554278 4 ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito
400599300 42 yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the [[ soviet union ]] , established six people ' s republics , an autonomous province
43 of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the [[ soviet union ]] , established six people ' s republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in
52 republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} of how
53 fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = though the 1974 constitution dampened the institutional and material powers of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 . = =
418372256 0 the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a [[ communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state
1 [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist ]] government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state ,
438819032 3 for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > montenegro is [[ accession of montenegro to the european union | official candidate ]] for membership in the [[ european union ]] < ref > [ http : / / www . pobjeda . me / citanje . php ? datum = 2010 - 12 - 17 & id =
441313646 16 national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution
21 the two of the union but as the year passed other republics communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards
50 the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a [[ communist ]] government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav
56 to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none
61 of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and
67 . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia
75 however , [[ marshal of yugoslavia | marshal ]] josip broz tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during
77 broz tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during [[ world war ii ]] is 1 ,
83 in it . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with
84 . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries
85 }} yugoslavia had always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia ,
86 had always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over
87 been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in
88 home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all .
89 a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious
90 diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of
91 , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , [[ islam ]] , [[ catholicism ]] , [[ judaism ]] and [[ protestantism ]] as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have
97 " > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > after the rise of [[ communism ]] , a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the total population of yugoslavia considered themselves to be religious believers . the places of highest
121 down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april
464626849 0 yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on 31 january 1946 , the new [[ 1946 yugoslav constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the [[ soviet union ]] , established
1 croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ 1974 yugoslav constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . =
2 his death in 1980 . after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic hatred | ethnic tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ 1974 yugoslav constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all
3 | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on 31 january 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the [[ soviet union ]] , established six republics , an autonomous province , and
4 autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and economic crisis =
5 death in 1980 . after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic hatred | ethnic tensions ]] grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests
468701811 0 [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) refers to three a series of political entities that existed successively on the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was
10 yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} though the 1974 constitution dampened the institutional and material powers power of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 . after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic
478217075 2 areas which formed yugoslavia , as well as culture and influence . < ref > {{ cite web | title = former yugoslavia patches itself together : entering the yugosphere | publisher work = [[ the economist ]] | date = 2009 - 08 - 20 | url = http : / / www . economist . com / node / 14258861 | accessdate
17 a sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , but those claims were opposed by other former republics . the [[ united nations ]] also [[ united nations security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . < ref > {{ cite
490102167 0 had always been a home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , roman catholicism , judaism and protestantism as well as various [[ eastern christianity | orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics
511394718 0 and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) against the two of the union but as the year passed other republics ' communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule
511395809 1 t completely successful . still , slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disaramament disarmament of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from hungary , and were under constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting
537097237 7 of [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november 2000 . < ref > {{ cite web | title = fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = " ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the united states , referred to the federal republic
542255750 0 > eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of the [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november 2000 . < ref name = " ebrd country promotion programme "
542266155 0 < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute | february 17 | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
542271560 2 > eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of the [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on november 2 , 2000 . < ref name = " ebrd country promotion programme
3 be a sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , but those claims were opposed by other former republics . the [[ united nations ]] also [[ united nations security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . < ref name = " mpil . de " > {{ cite book | url = http : / / www . mpil . de / shared / data / pdf / pdfmpunyb / wood _ 1 . pdf | title = max planck yearbook of united nations law | chapter = participation of former yugoslav states in the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of [[ badinter arbitration
542641170 0 the fry aspired to be a sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , but those claims were opposed by the other former republics . after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power in 2000 , the fry rescinded those aspirations , accepting the opinion of the [[ badinter arbitration
542641702 0 of yugoslavia aspired to be a sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , but those claims were opposed by the other former republics . the united nations also [[ united nations security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . <
563178883 0 home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , roman catholicism , judaism , and protestantism as well as various [[ eastern christianity | eastern orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia
563179561 1 carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight - member council composed of representatives from the six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for
2 that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight - member council composed of representatives from six republics and the two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert
9 of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products ) against the two of the union but as the year passed progressed , other republics ' communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former
16 other republics ' communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater autonomy of the republics ( under [[ milan
563180646 2 replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised organized armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( " police " ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly
3 " police " ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police forces provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with a minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina led to a war that lasted more than three years (
15 , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army – houses , a church , . a civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana – zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport were killed . ceasefire was
21 church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana – zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport were killed . a ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three
24 ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on 25 june 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the
563181056 3 . however , in february – march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and the federal constitution by the federal constitution court in belgrade and the newly established bosnian serb government . the referendum was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the federal court in
568241997 1 serbs , croats and slovenes by union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . commonly called at the time a as " [[ treaty of versailles | versailles ]] state " . renamed to and first official use of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' in 1929 . = = = king alexander
568473261 4 ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia would not accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from the status of a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the
569536615 0 of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état when the king returned on [[ yugoslav military coup of march 27 , 1941 | 27 march ]] . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power
582992172 1 the first official use of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' in 1929 . = = = king alexander = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] suspended the constitution , banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander '
588344999 25 | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the [[ united states ]] , referred to the fry as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref name = " serbia and montenegro " > 1999 while [[ cia ]] [[ world factbook ]] : [ http : / / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro
35 ) . this became the largest yugoslav state as [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country were [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina | sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[
594475714 12 resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than 300 , 000 yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . history . com / this - day - in - history / yugoslavia - surrenders | title = apr 17 , 1941 : yugoslavia surrenders | author = ' ' [[ history channel ]] ' ' | publisher = history . com | year = 2014 }} < / ref > the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the fascist
605734785 1 slovenes by union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it was commonly referred to at the time as the " [[ treaty of versailles | versailles ]] state " . later , the government renamed the country leading to the first official use of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' in
607836587 2 | publisher = bbc news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > after an economical and political crisis in 1980s and a rise of nationalism , yugoslavia [[ breakup of yugoslavia | broke up ]] along republic borders , at first into five countries , leading to the [[ yugoslav wars ]] .
607836804 0 publisher = bbc news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > after an economic and political crisis in the 1980s and a the rise of nationalism , yugoslavia [[ breakup of yugoslavia | broke up ]] along its republics ' borders , at first into five countries , leading to the [[ yugoslav wars
608604340 4 the name of ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' {{ note | note1 = bosniaks ( muslims ) are not mentioned in state name for anti - due yugoslav policy against muslim policy during that times }} by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro
616725067 3 june 1944 ; however , [[ marshal of yugoslavia | marshal ]] josip broz tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new an independent communist state , starting as a prime minister . {{ citation needed | date = november 2013 }} the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii
616726337 11 he refused to abdicate . on 31 january 1946 , the new [[ 1946 yugoslav constitution | constitution ]] of [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the [[ soviet union ]] , established six republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] .
15 agreement ( 1947 ) | bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after the intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . yugoslavia solved the national issue of nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same
616888308 3 serbian communist leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | [[ greater serbia ]] n hegemonism ]] . through a series of moves known as the " [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution ]] " , milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and
7 leading from the dalmatian coast towards the interior almost a year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian serb - dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . the
16 election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics . by this proposal , republics would have right to self - determination . however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs (
616890253 0 penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . minister of the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as
1 complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes some influential ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with
622094862 7 [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to socialism under the strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized criticised both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the
18 police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the yugoslavian army barracks , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organized organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( " police " ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly
643714069 1 home to a very diverse population , not only in terms of national affiliation , but also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , roman catholicism , judaism , and protestantism , as well as various [[ eastern christianity | eastern orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of
648135254 0 yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy . partisan leader of the partisans [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as the president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again to the
702550312 5 dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the ' ' ' [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the original western border left a population of half a million [[ south slavs ]] < ref name =
32 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in [[ november 1945 the monarchy was abolished . yugoslavia was renamed the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . it acquired the
33 democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in november 1945 ]] the monarchy was abolished . yugoslavia was renamed the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . it acquired the territories of
40 it as the legitimate government , but in november 1945 the monarchy was abolished . yugoslavia was renamed the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a [[ communist government was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy . partisan leader [[ josip broz tito
702589142 5 date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of [[ yugoslavia ]] . first established with the ' ' ' [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] ' ' ' , the original western border left a population of half a million ' ' ' [[ south
40 [[ november 1945 ]] the monarchy was abolished . [[ yugoslavia ]] was renamed the [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] in [[ 1946 ]] , when a [[ communist government ]] was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from [[ italy ]] . [[ partisan ]]
44 when a [[ communist government ]] was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from [[ italy ]] . [[ partisan ]] leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in [[ 1980 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] , the country was renamed again
706505610 0 45 , the croatian [[ ustaše ]] regime murdered around 500 , 000 people , 250 , 000 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to [[ catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | serbians ]] but included 37 , 000 jews . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / /
716053999 6 the two , but as the year progressed , other republics ' communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratisation process and in december as the last member of the federation , serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed former communists ' rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater
748664379 7 , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was quickly declining for several reasons , among them the ever - increasing ethnic tensions and subsequent emigration from the area . by 1999 the slavs formed as little as 10 % of the total population in kosovo . meanwhile , [[ slovenia
768228450 4 yugoslavia , 1929 – 39 . after 1939 the sava and littoral banovinas were merged into the [[ banovina of croatia ]] }} the country was formed in 1918 immediately after [[ world war 1 | final removal of kebab ]] as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes by union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]]
781116889 2 law | chapter = participation of former yugoslav states in the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > in 2000 , milosevic was trailed for the atrocities he committed and partook in during his ten - year ruling in serbia and the yugoslavia war . < ref name = " : 0 " / >  eventually ,
812917411 0 {st@rt} {{ for2 | the 1943 - 1992 federation | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | the 1918 - 1941 kingdom | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes
818932945 7 ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia yugoslavia | president ]] | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start = 1 december |
819799425 3 ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) < br / > [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1992 - 03 ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of yugoslavia czechoslovakia | president ]] | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start = 1 december |
838423170 0 zadar ]] from italy . partisan leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again , as the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics that made up the country were the [[ socialist republic of bosnia and
group 36
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
4115990 0 officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ msg : disambig }} {{ msg : sfry }} [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija
68355303 0 : < br > {{ legend | # fe0000 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , federal republic of yugoslavia , serbia and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # fefe40 ffff00 | slovenia }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | croatia }} {{ legend | # 800080 | republic of macedonia }} {{ legend | # 008000 | bosnia and herzegovina }}
1 # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff0080 | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} {{ legend | # ff8080 29efef | kosovo }} {{ legend | # f66c10 | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic
78657034 1 # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff0080 | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} {{ legend | # 29efef c00000 | kosovo }} {{ legend | # f66c10 | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic
91126032 0 state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ pov }} {{ references unreferenced | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | thumb | 225px | an animated series of maps showing the breakup
134919978 0 {st@rt} {{ sources unreferenced | date = may 2007 }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right |
176753415 0 = & upit = 940 . 547 . 2 & scrollaction = stranica + 2 < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom
1 in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2007 }} the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state
2 which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[
236538465 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px
252030969 2 = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} * ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia ,
252035354 0 = = = = new states = = = fully recognized countries created from the former yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} * {{ mkd }} * {{ kos }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996
252035444 0 = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} * {{ mkd }} * {{ kos }} ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996
252050525 0 yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} * {{ kos }} ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia ,
252470892 0 [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * * ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in
252501329 0 = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * * ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in
254441533 0 ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} fyrom * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996
254441634 0 }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd fyrom }} fyrom * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied
1 ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} fyrom * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996
254442227 0 }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ fyrom mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in
254442447 0 }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd fyrom }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in
254442844 0 }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ fyrom mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in
254443150 0 }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd fyrom }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in
254443532 0 }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ fyrom mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in
257716886 0 yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} * ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ kos }} * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia ,
257719367 2 yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} * {{ kos }} * ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia ,
257724223 0 yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : * {{ bih }} * {{ cro }} * ' ' {{ kos }} ' ' ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * {{ slo }} the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia ,
341718684 0 . wikipedia . org / wiki / wikipedia : footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the < ref ( erences / ) > tags --> {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading =
347244560 0 footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the < ref ( erences / ) > tags --> {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} * {{ loc }} - {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia
495668696 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ about | the country in the western balkans | the post - breakup federal republic of yugoslavia | serbia and montenegro {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ for | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi
587714715 0 / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons commonscat | yugoslavia }} {{ wikiquote | yugoslavia }} {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} {{ eb1922 poster }} * {{ wikiatlas | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www .
588371954 0 / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commonscat commons category | yugoslavia }} {{ wikiquote | yugoslavia }} {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} {{ eb1922 poster }} * {{ wikiatlas | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www .
714942876 0 | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 17 february 2008 }} | {{ dts | } } 10 september 2012 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = september 2012 }} | {{ dts | 17 february }} | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg |
754485190 7 | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 17 february 2008 }} | {{ dts | 10 september 2012 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = september 2012 08 04 1993 }} | {{ dts | 17 february }} | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg
12 serbia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 22 may 2006 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 22 05 1992 | {{ dts | 15 february }} | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]]
16 of croatia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 25 june 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 october 1991 }} < br / > {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | {{ dts | 25 june }} | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border
761978123 0 of the balkans ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = notes = = {{ reflist | group = lower - roman }} = = references = = {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading
group 37
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
8640465 1 ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south
31961080 16 ]] , started supporting the new idea . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[
17 started supporting the new idea . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20
37508256 1 language | serbian ]] cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug
42217788 3 serbian language | serbian ]] cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug
17 ]] , started supporting the new idea . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july
18 , started supporting the new idea . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20
77480535 0 ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]]
80302929 1 slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 19th century | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] . as at that time the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[
6 = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 19th century | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in
80314145 1 and croats live together , is captured for eternity . the movement was known as iliric movement , which grew steadilly , and gainded serious momentum in the late 19th century | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] . at that time the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , so hope for sovereignty of the south
2 croats live together , is captured for eternity . the movement was known as iliric movement , which grew steadilly , and gainded serious momentum in the late 19th century . at that time as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , so hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the
80374705 1 = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 19th century | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century 17th ]] . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples
2 slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 19th century | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] . it was a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who realised that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedon was to unite and free themselves of tyranies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) but it really gained large momentum at the end of the nineteenth century . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the
80376751 3 austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) but it really gained large momentum at the end of the nineteenth century , mainly because of the harsh policies against slavs practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in
81568143 0 = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] . it was a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who realised that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom was to unite and
83862003 38 and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of the [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom
83862592 1 idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] . it was , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who realized that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom was to unite and free themselves of tyrannies
87450359 2 of a state for south slavs = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea cousin , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could
87596151 1 = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the
87847188 11 the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three separate political entities that existed on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]]
19 = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century ]] , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[
111222130 1 [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] )
131566036 5 ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . goodbye the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] )
137226277 5 , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade :
150932203 6 illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against freedom movements among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the [[ ottoman empire [[ illyrian movement ]] grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire
48 also | creation of yugoslavia }} = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the various empires would be to unite and free themselves of
153272499 0 ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] )
168734899 1 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] ,
174935495 1 south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] ,
191900872 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia
192073726 15 = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late 17th century ]] and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . during the early period of [[ world war i ]] , a number of
192075557 27 = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late [[ 17th century ]] and gained prominence in the [[ 19th century ]] [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . during the early period of [[ world war i ]] , a
29 idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late [[ 17th century ]] and gained prominence in the [[ 19th century ]] [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . during the early period of [[ world war i ]] , a number of prominent political figures from south slavic lands
192077462 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ( from sunday , february 17th , 2008 ) ,
192129818 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia
192293636 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[
192354294 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[
192459256 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[
192475540 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[
192579883 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[
192596895 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[
192632247 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[
193351040 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[
193447637 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[
193587328 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[
193894652 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[
193899901 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[
194022333 0 south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once th part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[
194022573 0 south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . th the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[
197171154 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[
197211778 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[
197289863 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven nowadays countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[
200573250 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the nowadays modern countries that were once part of yugoslavia ( socialist republics ) are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[
200599214 0 slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the modern countries that were once former constituent parts of yugoslavia ( socialist republics ) that are now independent states are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]]
206751541 22 of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] ,
206809460 3 land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century ]] . the first country by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the " kingdom of serbs ,
208706364 0 ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . a common joke in the english language ( among mature adults ) is tom - " yugoslavia ! " grace - " no you go slavia ! " and repeated several times . the first country to be known by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known
208709484 0 ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . a common joke in the english language ( among mature adults ) is tom - " yugoslavia ! " grace - " no you go slavia ! " and repeated several times . the first country to be known by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known
209444319 0 ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . yugoslavia rules ! the first country to be known by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known
209444409 0 ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . yugoslavia rules ! the first country to be known by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known
219529741 1 south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the first country to be known by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was
221196135 0 south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . also , the dildo originated from yugoslavia . i like raping men the first country to be known by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known
221201860 0 south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . also , the dildo originated from yugoslavia . i like raping men the first country to be known by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known
226194153 0 south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name shit hole was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and
226194289 0 south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . shit hole sorry accidenly deleted was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and
226203230 0 south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . sorry accidenly deleted the first country to be known by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and
231803887 13 [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century ]] . the first country to be known by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was
243408006 1 " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as
243960994 0 " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . jesus bites cock ! the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the
243962611 1 " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . jesus bites cock ! the first country sucks balls to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known
254038112 1 " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first of the country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes
254039072 1 " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first of the country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , in which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and
255686045 0 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = micheal is i dumb dirty little whore ! ! ! king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist
255686204 0 1923 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = micheal is i dumb dirty little whore ! ! ! king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist
293403723 0 jugoslavia ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . many people who live in yugoslavia hate negros . a lot of people hate negros . negros the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats
293403822 0 jugoslavia ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . many people who live in yugoslavia hate negros . a lot of people hate negros . negros the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats
295100786 0 jugoslavia ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . however towards recent days its main export has been pornography and enslaved american women turned sex - slaves . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats
295108030 0 jugoslavia ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . however towards recent days its main export has been pornography and enslaved american women turned sex - slaves . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats
328882911 0 ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . rosss is so right ! ! ! ! the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats
328882928 0 ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . rosss is so right ! ! ! ! the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats
337616139 0 world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = it waz od bloody and mad nasty . king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist
337616309 0 world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = it waz od bloody and mad nasty . king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist
339966160 0 ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia tugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by
339966220 0 ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . tugoslavia the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by
343662490 0 ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . ' ' ' bold text ' ' ' it does exist , i was just there yesterday ! ! ! ! ! ! the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs
343662504 0 ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . ' ' ' bold text ' ' ' it does exist , i was just there yesterday ! ! ! ! ! ! the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs
343662789 0 ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . ' ' ' the first country to be known by this name was awesome and i went there yesterday , so it exists , and the kingdom of yugoslavia was then invaded by bailey and will . ' ' ' the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs
343662815 0 ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . ' ' ' the first country to be known by this name was awesome and i went there yesterday , so it exists , and the kingdom of yugoslavia was then invaded by bailey and will . ' ' ' the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs
349097618 0 ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ sh : jugoslavija ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ tl : yugoslabya ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ to : ʻiukosilāvia ]] [[ uk : югославія ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ zh - classical : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ yi : יוגאסלאוויע ]] [[ zh :
351439969 0 ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . i like big sex and i canot lie the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs
351439998 0 ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . i like big sex and i canot lie the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs
400599300 68 : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' [[ history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al -
485215993 2 | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) refers to a series of political entities that existed successively in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the 20th century which was established three times under differing forms of government . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of
495585894 6 jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the 20th century which was established three times under differing forms of government ]] . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of
495666744 7 | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the [[ 20th century ]] which was established three times under differing forms of government . the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' was established on
8 ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' was established on 1
495668696 8 jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the 20th century which was established three times under differing forms of government ]] . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of
508093234 1 | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' was established on
614515028 0 ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century , formed as a result of pan - slavic sentiments held by southern slavs ; its name translates to " land of the southern slavs " . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]] n [[
614602814 0 ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century , formed as a result of pan - slavic sentiments held by southern slavs ; its name translates to " land of the southern slavs " . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]] n [[
702550312 12 ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century ]] . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]] n [[
702550622 3 }} the concept of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] peoples , emerged in the late 17th century ]] and gained prominence through the [[ illyrian movement ]] of the 19th century . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south )
5 state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] peoples , emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence through the [[ illyrian movement ]] of the 19th century ]] . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was the result of
702589142 12 , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in [[ 1918 ]] {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]]
71 of ' ' [[ yugoslavia ]] ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] peoples , emerged in the late [[ 17th century ]] and gained prominence through the [[ illyrian movement ]] of the [[ 19th century ]] . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " (
73 [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] peoples , emerged in the late [[ 17th century ]] and gained prominence through the [[ illyrian movement ]] of the [[ 19th century ]] . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( [[ south ]] ) and " slaveni " ( [[ slavs ]] ) . [[
group 38
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
298091 5 croatia ]] , [[ bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . for more information about the current situation in yugoslavia , see [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , the as the name under which the republic is currently officially recognised by the [[ united states ]] . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain
17 croatia ]] , [[ bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . for more information about the current situation in yugoslavia , see [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , the name under which the republic is currently officially recognised by the [[ united states ]] . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < /
73806 0 various peoples grew , and since [[ 1991 ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | vardar macedonia the macedonian republic ]] all gained their independence . nowadays the only remaining republics are [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , with the status of [[ kosovo ]] still uncertain . because
100257 2 and since [[ 1991 ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | the macedonian republic ]] ( f . y . r . o . m . ) all gained their independence . nowadays the only remaining republics are [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , with the status of [[ kosovo ]] still uncertain . because there
638162 0 * [[ serbia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ voivodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ belgrade ]] * [[ podgorica ]] * [[ novi sad ]] * [[ pristina prishtina ]]
823595 1 div > until [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' has been a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] , . yugoslavia formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] and renamed kingdom of yugoslavia in [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii
854429 1 bosnia , [[ albanians | albanians ]] in serbia and f . y . r . o . m . , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] in serbia ) , this led to was used as the cause for some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia / history | croatia ]] , [[ history of bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . <
3 various peoples grew , and since [[ 1991 ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] ( f . y . r . o . m . ) all gained their independence . nowadays the only remaining republics are [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , with the status of [[ kosovo ]] still uncertain . because there
904665 0 large ethnic minorities within the various countries ( serbian regions in croatia and bosnia , [[ croatia | croatian ]] in bosnia , [[ albanians | albanians ]] in serbia and [[ f . y . r . o . m . , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] in serbia ) , this was used as the cause for some bloody wars (
904667 14 [[ military of yugoslavia ]] * [[ foreign relations of yugoslavia ]] * republics within the federal republic of yugoslavia [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] * the [[ voivodina | vojvodina ]] region and its municipalities - [[ novi sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] * the [[ kosovo ]] region * [[ belgrade ]] - the capital of the federal republic
1296386 4 tension between the various peoples grew , and since [[ 1991 ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and [[ republic of macedonia | former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] all gained their independence . nowadays the only remaining republics are [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , with the status of [[ kosovo ]] still uncertain . because
1298298 5 b3awia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is term casually used for any of following political entities : * [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] whose name changed name to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1946
1338233 0 2003 ]] remade its internal structure into a loose commonwealth and changed its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . < table align = " right " > < tr > < td > [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png ]] < / tr > < / td > < tr > < td > < i > federal republic of yugoslavia ( 1992 - 2003 ) < / i > < / tr > < / td > < / table > the [[ united nations ]] , and many individual states ( including the [[ united states ]] ) refused [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' ' yu = = related articles = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]]
2184559 2 > ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a term casually used for three separate political entities . in serbo - croat , it means " land of southern slavs " from elements of jugo ' ' ( south ) , and slavia ( slavs ) . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' kingdom of
2184776 14 , when four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . as a result , a federation called the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , which in
3146202 0 and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . ' ' ' = = see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[
5413045 0 and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = former republics in european union = = the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]] and became a member in [[ 2004 ]] . croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - [[ 2015 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ sfry }} [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[
7346213 1 [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = = = ]] ]] ]] see also : [[ history of yugoslavia ]] = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and
7346221 1 [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = = = ]] ]] ]] see also : [[ history of yugoslavia ]] = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and
8640415 0 [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the forming of the group of advocates of a joint country of south slavs , by politicians from [[ croatia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , which were then both in the [[ austro - hungarian monarchy ]] . on [[ november 22 ]] , [[ 1914 ]] , [[ ante trumbic | ante trumbi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan mestrovic | ivan me & # 353 ; trovi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ hinko hinkovic | hinko hinkovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ franko potocnjak | franko poto & # 269 ; njak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanovic | nikola stojanovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ dusan vasiljevic | du & # 353 ; an vasiljevi & # 263 ; ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popovic | pavle popovi & # 263 ; ]] , a representative of [[ nikola pasic | nikola pa & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; ]] ' s [[ serbia ]] n government , on neutral ground in [[ florence ]] , [[ italy ]] , in an effort to coordinate their efforts towards building an independent state of western south slavs . [[ lujo vojnovic | lujo vojnovi & # 263 ; ]] was also present as an observer from the kingdom of [[ montenegro ]] . the new " yugoslav " cause ( from ' ' jugoslav ' ' , meaning " southern slav " ) was receiving an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally tired of austria - hungary and a union with the eastern states was probably seen as the best way to come out of the [[ anomie ]] caused by the [[ world war i | great war ]] . even the large [[ diaspora ]] s , known for their [[ nostalgia ]] and [[ patriotism ]] , started supporting the new idea . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = first yugoslavia = = the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 ]] , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see also : [[ history of yugoslavia ]] = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and
1 montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . see [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament ( ' ' skup & # 353 ; tina ' ' ) passed a new constitution despite a boycott from croatian mps . the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade . in 1928 , [[ punisa racic | puni & # 353 ; a ra & # 269 ; i & # 263 ; ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radic | stjepan radi & # 263 ; ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander of yugoslavia | aleksandar ]] used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] he suspended the constitution , dissolved the ' ' skup & # 353 ; tina ' ' and proclaimed a royal dictatorship . he went on to reorganize the regional divisions within the country and renamed it the ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' . all national identities except " yugoslav " were abolished . yugoslavia became a highly [[ militarism | militarized ]] state , which spawned several insurgent nationalist groups opposed to the royal dictatorship . the king was highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] . in the beginning of [[ world war ii ]] , yugoslavia was pressured by [[ germany ]] and [[ italy ]] to join the [[ axis powers ]] . italy was mired in an inconclusive war with [[ history of greece | greece ]] , and before germany committed its forces to the greek campaign , it wanted to secure yugoslavia ' s support . [[ pavle karadjordjevic | royal regent paul ]] submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also : [[ history of yugoslavia ]] = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina
8716078 6 . the nla staged a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign , and the germans answered by punishing the civil population . this led to great losses for yugoslavia , approximately one million people ( principally among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , who provided the bulk of partisan formations . the current estimate of the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 people or 10 % of the population ) . in liberated territories , nla organized [[ people '
8718538 5 europe . the german response was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the government of croatia , leading ]] . this led to great civilain loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided the bulk of partisan formations . the current estimate
9 of partisan formations . the current estimate of the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . in during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[
17 able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade , yugoslavia | belgrade ]] . during the war the [[ communism | communist ]] lead the [[ partisans ]] that were opposing the occupation and were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on
8778698 4 | same country ]] . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia - herzegovina , albeit only by two out of three constitutive peoples , bosniaks and croats . secession of the new - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody and gruesome [[ yugoslav wars ]] .
9383013 11 tie somewhat delayed escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , republics of slovenia and croatia proposed to transform yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in autumn 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] rejected all such proposals with an
16 peoples , [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslims ]] and croats . secession of the new - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody and gruesome [[ yugoslav wars ]] . it started these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] and in bosnia in [[ 1992 ]] . as a result of the conflict
19 to leave the congress in protest , and marked a culmination in the rift of the ruling party . following the [[ fall of communism ]] in [[ eastern europe ]] and in yugoslavia , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[
12142335 0 serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] . his son and successor , in the beginning of [[ world war ii ]] , yugoslavia was pressured by [[ germany ]] and [[ italy ]] to join the [[ axis powers ]] . italy was
12142696 0 power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] , who continued on an authoritarian path with the prime minister [[ milan stojadinovic | milan stojadinovi & # 263 ; ]] . in the beginning of [[ world war ii ]] , yugoslavia was pressured by [[ germany ]] and [[ italy ]] to join the [[ axis powers ]] .
12259930 0 officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dusan simovic | du & # 353 ; an simovi & # 263 ; ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old king peter full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler
12429233 5 ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] . the yugoslav authorities established a new " nation " in the republic of macedonia by making the ethnic bulgarian majority become " macedonians " . a new language and a new falsified history were designed in order to legitimize the " macedonian nation " . those who opposed this ethnic cleansing policy were either killed or sent to the notorious [[ goli otok ]] [[ concentration camp ]] on a barren island in the [[ adriatic sea ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[
12432682 6 ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] . the yugoslav authorities established a new " nation " in the republic of macedonia by making the ethnic bulgarian majority become " macedonians " . a new language and a new falsified history were designed in order to legitimize the " macedonian nation " . those who opposed this ethnic cleansing policy were either killed or sent to the notorious [[ goli otok ]] [[ concentration camp ]] on a barren island in the [[ adriatic sea ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[
13049340 2 | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . [[ image : balkans02 . jpg | thumb | right | former yugoslavia map ]] in sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was a collective presidency , the federal prime minister
13197885 2 agreement ]] . after some years of peace , in [[ 1998 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than two months ( see [[ kosovo war ]] ) . since june 1999 , the province has been governed
13337436 0 formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia ( in exile ) subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = the first
13337531 0 [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the
13337760 0 yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihac | biha & # 263 ; ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] without any [[ macedonian ]] representatives and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla
13672323 2 [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the
4 formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia ( in exile ) subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = the first
6 large portion of both rebel formations . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihac | biha & # 263 ; ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] without any [[ macedonian ]] representatives and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a belgrade - dominated federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] and the [[ bulgarian ]] army aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as many other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led
13673857 0 milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslavian yugoslav ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ]
15457341 0 yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] s organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla led by colonel [[ draza mihailovic | dra & # 382 ; a mihajlovi & # 263 ; ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of
18469162 4 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] = = references = = *
22506196 7 beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] and in bosnia early in [[ 1992 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november
8 of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] and in bosnia in ; [[ 1992 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27
22506688 9 at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by representatives of all republics , was ended and [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republics of serbia and montenegro . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in [[ 1995 ]] with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[
11 , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ moratorium ]] on slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed entry at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by representatives of all republics , was ended and [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in
22785116 4 ; trovi & # 263 ; ]] , [[ hinko hinkovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ franko poto & # 269 ; njak ]] from croatia and [[ nikola stojanovi & # 263 ; stojanović ]] and [[ du & # 353 ; an vasiljevi & # 263 ; ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popovi & # 263 ; ]] ,
6 [[ nikola stojanovi & # 263 ; ]] and [[ du & # 353 ; an vasiljevi & # 263 ; ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popovi & # 263 ; popović ]] , a representative of [[ nikola pa & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; ]] ' s [[ serbia ]] n government , on neutral ground in [[
8 on neutral ground in [[ florence ]] , [[ italy ]] , in an effort to coordinate their efforts towards building an independent state of western south slavs . [[ lujo vojnovi & # 263 ; vojnović ]] was also present as an observer from the kingdom of [[ montenegro ]] . the new " yugoslav " cause ( from ' ' jugoslav ' ' , meaning "
19 in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezi & # 263 ; kr & # 269 ; un penezić krčun served under tito and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was found dead under unknown circumstances . aleksandar rankovi & # 263 ; lost
20 kr & # 269 ; un served under tito and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was found dead under unknown circumstances . aleksandar rankovi & # 263 ; ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in
25 would empower the majority population , the serbs . this caused the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ ivica ra & # 269 ; an račan ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest . following the " [[ fall
30 & # 263 ; ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnov & # 353 ; ek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia ( [[ bogi & # 263 ; bogi & # 263 ; evi & # 263 ; bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia
32 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september [[ 2000 ]] led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on
22951478 0 / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early [[ 1992 ]] ; this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb minority there ( 35 % of bosnian population ) , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a yes vote in the referendum , and the republic '
22951623 2 republic ' s government declared its independence though everyone advocated that such decision had be made with the consent of all three nation . the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter , as the votes of serbs were ignored . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various
23004425 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( југославија , ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe
23004621 0 / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early [[ 1992 ]] ; this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb minority population there ( 35 % of bosnian population ) , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a yes vote
4 ' s government declared its independence though everyone advocated that such decision had be made with the consent of all the three nations . the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter , as the votes of serbs were ignored . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various
25682758 2 vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of
14 albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of mass deportation of albanians and similar militia activity to flee their homes , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of [[ 1999
25683066 0 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became natioanlly nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb
26256828 0 and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[
26256919 0 serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced abolished , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] in january [[ 1990 ]]
2 tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] in january
26257312 1 and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[
2 tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was abolished , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] in january
27567832 1 , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . on [[ april 1 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević was arrested surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia
27670102 1 republics to reject belgrade law . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanian majority and the serbian minority non - albanians in the province . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but
6 these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain independence without resistence from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , but no war erupted there , and nato observers were placed at its northern border . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]]
29811273 0 bosnia followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved disssolved " . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia
29811434 0 bosnia followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " disssolved dissolved " . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia
30275074 0 * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders two separate provinces of yugoslavia , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and
30298958 1 * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and two separate provinces of yugoslavia within serbia ' s new reduced borders , where the people were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] - mainly hungarian * [[ kosovo ]] - annexed from albania in 1910 in 1974 , the
4 * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and two separate provinces of yugoslavia , where the people were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] - mainly hungarian * [[ kosovo ]] - annexed from albania in 1910 in 1974 , the two provinces
31961080 14 ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2001 ]] , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[
26 of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but
28 date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . westerner attempts
42 ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] in january [[ 1990 ]] , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on the reversal
46 newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistence from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities .
47 formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistence from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u
60 macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]] and became a member in [[ 2004 ]] . croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in
32871630 0 the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krčun krcun served under tito and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was found dead under unknown circumstances . aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles
32922260 5 movement was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . italian occupying forces also committed many atrocities ( cf . [[ italian war crimes ]] ) after allies realised that chetniks were helping germans they ceased to support them . the german response to resistance movement was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings
9 a large portion of rebel formations . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew | jews ]] , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . during the war , the [[ communism
33738425 1 ' skupština ' ' ) passed a new constitution despite a boycott from croatian mps . the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade , causing dissatisfaction among the more federally minded croat and slovene politicians . in 1928 , [[ puniša račić ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radić ]] in the parliament
7 resistance movement was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . . italian occupying forces also committed many atrocities ( cf . [[ italian war crimes ]] ) . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia
8 southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year italian occupying forces also committed many atrocities ( cf . [[ italian war crimes ]] ) . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia .
17 and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kucan ]] had since [[ 1986 ]] been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it on a collision course with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed suit . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on the
24 , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia , but the international community pressured them the yugoslav people ' s army took armed action , leading to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics . secession of the newly
41 the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in 1991 . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistence from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u
33836329 3 , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province , dubbed terrorism by the serb authorities . the situation worsened , with the yugoslav reaction causing many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following
34035074 2 herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a massive yes vote in the referendum , though to this day it remains unclear whether the majority was large enough . the republic ' s government declared its independence however , and
9 majority was large enough . the republic ' s government declared its independence however , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska , and the war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved
15 - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in 1996 , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction resulted in a large number involved the indiscriminate use of civilian deaths , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident
34136474 6 herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a massive yes vote in the referendum , with a turn - out of around 64 % . {{ ref | malcolm }} the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately
34241700 9 republic was at this time under the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . however , in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 % {{
10 was at this time under the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , february - march 1992 the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a turn - out of around 64 % {{ ref | malcolm }}
34241920 5 - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] was formed , deemed terrorist by , among others , serbian serbian authorities denounced it as a and [[ usa ]] authorities . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following
35058138 1 secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in [[ 1986 ]] that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . in the 1980s , the albanians were the largest ethnic group in kosovo with over 90 % of the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist
35562893 1 europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word and yugoslavia was my homeland a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and it rocks so there u weirdos . capitulated only 11 days after , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[
35849849 4 western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards [[ bosnia ]] . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]]
36660567 0 in sfry , each republic and province had its own internal constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was tito as president ( a collective presidency , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for
37508256 10 operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november [[ 1991 ]] , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]]
37621657 2 * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 . * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101
39341750 3 declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all tree nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were igored ignored , though such decision should be supported by all bosinan nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect they rights . the [[ bosnian war
41776346 0 / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research , 2005 . * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis
42217788 15 ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2001 , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february
43367294 4 created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions , with the aid of the yugoslav army , fought the forces of the republic of croatia with the aid of the yugoslav army . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u
5 . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of
8 , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions , with the aid of the yugoslav army , fought the forces of the republic of croatia . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from
44309697 10 : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] - ' ' bosnia - a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech
11 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : /
44361382 0 . in sfry , each republic and province had its own internal constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was were the president ( tito as president ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role
13 premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was victim of a dubious traffic incident . minister of the interior aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles
14 tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in the case of [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister , . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties
45277153 0 in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kucan kučan ]] had since 1986 been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it on a collision course with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed
47572968 0 state of western south slavs . [[ lujo vojnović ]] was also present as an observer from the kingdom of [[ montenegro ]] . the new " yugoslav " cause ( from ' ' jugosloven mother fucker rob foster knows everything about he war so ask him oven ' ' , meaning " southern slav " ) was receiving an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally tired of austria - hungary
47573112 0 state of western south slavs . [[ lujo vojnović ]] was also present as an observer from the kingdom of [[ montenegro ]] . the new " yugoslav " cause ( mother fucker rob foster knows everything about he war so ask him oven from ' ' jugosloven ' ' , meaning " southern slav " ) was receiving an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally tired of austria - hungary
49148733 3 7 ]] republics - [[ slovenia | s . r . slovenia ]] , [[ croatia | s . r . croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | s . r . macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina | s . r . bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in 1992 on the
49267272 7 formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced ,
16 milan kučan ]] had since 1986 been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it on a collision course with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed suit openly supported albanian miners , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceede to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the federal army was ordered by yugoslav presidency to restore order . . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on
24 milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , favored democratisation and economic liberalization , but were voted down . as a result , the slovene and croatian delegations delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each
25 governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " croatian state and historical rights " , the serbs were stripped of their national and constitutional rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as republic of serbian krajina ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a video of secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslavenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of
28 yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should also have a right to self - determination . live in the same country . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the
29 into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in in slovenia , slovenian territorial defense ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry the same country . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were
31 , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , the yugoslav people ' s army slovene territorial defense took armed action , leading to a ten - day war , marking the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . at the end of the ten days ,
36 , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions fought resisted the forces of the republic of croatia with the aid of the yugoslav army . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic
37 autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions fought the forces of the republic of croatia with the aid of the yugoslav army who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u
40 academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in 1986 that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs
47 . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan
49299968 7 at young conscripts . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , the yugoslav army pulled out of slovenia was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium
49801930 3 only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . this was the start of the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . the yugoslav army first succeded in taking over most the army of the border posts , but they were subsequently re - taken by the slovenian forces . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the
49980744 0 montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav shaize ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the forming of the group of advocates of a joint country of south slavs , by politicians
49984412 0 and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defense defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following this , the federal executive council speifically ordered the
1 strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defense defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after
50486261 1 from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following this day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried
51123816 3 which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav shaize ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] 1914 ) was the forming of the group of advocates of a joint country of south slavs , by politicians from [[ croatia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , which
10 ' ' , meaning " southern slav " ) was receiving an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally tired of austria - hungary and a union with the eastern states ) , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was probably seen as the best way to come out of the [[ anomie ]] caused by the [[ world war i | great war ]] . even the large [[
14 a new joint kingdom . = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them increasingly seriously , especially as the fate of austro - hungarian empire looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in istria and dalmatia . this was a very real concern . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret treaty of london these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all serbs , croats and slovenes , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , bačka and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared carve - up of croat lands between serbia and italy . there were also quarrels about the designation and command of units of south slav pows in russia now being mobilised to fight with the allies . the yugoslav committee wanted them to fight in the yugoslav name , while pašić ( prime minister of serbia ) seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . however , during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on 20 july a declaration that laid foundation of the post - war state was issused . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[
22 on [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new state as soon as possible was a priority . disagreements over whether the new state should be a federation or a centralised state were put off for later .
33 . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav shaize ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the forming of the group of advocates of a joint country of south slavs , by politicians from [[ croatia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , which were then both in the [[ austria - hungary | austro - hungarian empire ]] .
39 ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , 1918
51598172 16 republics and provinces . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - standing serbo - croat disputes , which had been suppressed under tito , no one knew what the future had in store . legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a
53085765 0 kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december of 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6
2 newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant party prepared a draft constitution for a neutral peasant republic of croatia . anyway the constitution was voted on 28 june 1921 with the help of some minor parties including yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died .
14 italy and nazi germany , croatian leader vlatko macek and his party managed the creation of the croatian banovina ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia were was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite
22 them lived under italian rule and the slovenes understood that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this duly came about in 1945 . however , the yugoslav slovenes benefited from the new state receiving all they had previously lacked ; high schools and university to boot . unlike the
53491103 0 executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by
2 people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young
4 slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage forces retook most of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying
9 before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known as the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia article . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a
54510406 3 yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them increasingly seriously , especially as the fate of austro - hungarian empire ]] looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) ,
7 of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in istria and dalmatia ]] . this was a very real concern . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to
54622229 2 named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs of the kingdom anal sex . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization .
54622338 0 be overridden by the will of the croatian republic . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had
1 by the will of the croatian republic . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . legacy of the constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had become irreconciable
54629692 2 named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs of anal sex the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization .
55508263 0 ) was falling fast and by 1999 they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan kucan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded
5 by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) jugoslovanska narodna armada , jna ] met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a
55509006 0 more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence [ teritorialna obramba , to ] ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive
55551088 1 ) was falling fast and by 1999 they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kucan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded
8 croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] [ ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) jugoslovanska narodna armada , jna ] met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a
9 more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence [ teritorialna obramba , to ] ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive
56301974 0 incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until the milošević ' s government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by
56566163 0 , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march , 1991 , the [[ plitvice bloody easter lakes incident ]] incident was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) maintained an impression of being neutral
1 police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march , 1991 , the [[ plitvice bloody easter ]] incident was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) maintained an impression of being neutral , but
56642958 28 world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december of 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million or 38 . 8 per cent were serbs and 2 . 8 million or 23 .
56779857 0 voted 55 . 4 % for independence , recognized as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , effectively dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994
57059880 5 finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . * on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] voted to separate from serbia and montenegro and establish itself as an independent state . montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , effectively dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro |
9 vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2001 ]] , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . *
57320182 0 passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] ,
3 federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remains in place in belgrade but now assumes only assumed largely ceremonial powers . the local governments of serbia and of montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established
59137642 3 a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was an critical turning point in the yugoslav tragedy . markovic marković in the spring of 1990 was by far the most popular politician not only in yugoslavia as a whole but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been
59611366 5 ' and was formed in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija - metohia ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state transformed into a loose commonwealth
59716900 1 was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with albania . in 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under ante marković ]] prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various
60150694 2 this was an critical turning point in the yugoslav tragedy . marković in the spring of 1990 was by far the most popular politician not only in yugoslavia as a whole , but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to rally the population for yugoslavism against the particularist nationalisms of milosević in serbia or tuđman in croatia
3 repudiate the marković - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosević in serbia was to based around the fact that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . and these appeals worked . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the
4 marković - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosević in serbia was to the fact idea that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . and these appeals worked . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring ,
11 elections , they worked hard to break up the country . but the us government as a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was indeed , it is likely that the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to
18 thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up favour fragmentation . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many would
20 argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , gave too much had given increased power to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which
22 free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was an critical turning point in the yugoslav tragedy . marković in the spring of 1990 was by far the most popular politician not only in yugoslavia as a whole but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to rally the population
62752814 8 was succeeded by prince aleksandar ii karađorđević . croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes slovenians were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the slovenes understood that it was only as
10 that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this came about in 1945 . however , the yugoslav slovenes slovenians benefited from the new state receiving all they had previously lacked , in addition to access to high schools and universities . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro
62759735 7 was succeeded by prince aleksandar ii karađorđević . croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenians slovenes were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the slovenians understood that it was only as
9 that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this came about in 1945 . however , the yugoslav slovenians slovenes benefited from the new state receiving all they had previously lacked , in addition to access to high schools and universities . unlike the croats , the slovenians in the austro
62778982 8 was succeeded by prince aleksandar ii karađorđević . croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes slovenians were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the slovenes understood that it was only as
10 that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this came about in 1945 . however , the yugoslav slovenes slovenians benefited from the new state receiving all they had previously lacked , in addition to access to high schools and universities . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro
62785123 8 was succeeded by prince aleksandar ii karađorđević . croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenians slovenes were able to extract gains from the central serbo - croat dispute . half a million of them lived under italian rule and the slovenians understood that it was only as
10 that it was only as a part of yugoslavia that they would be able to free these people in istria . this came about in 1945 . however , the yugoslav slovenians slovenes benefited from the new state receiving all they had previously lacked , in addition to access to high schools and universities . unlike the croats , the slovenians in the austro
63135279 7 on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] voted to separate from after a successful referendum in the state union of serbia and montenegro and establish itself as an independent state . montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while
63135388 4 days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as the ' ' ' democratic federation of
63136524 3 [[ franko potočnjak ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and [[ dušan vasiljević ]] ) from south - slav lands under the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . during the early period of the world war i ( which started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters
63138218 0 slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] . this , which was a very real concern . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret
12 of units of south slav pows in russia now being mobilised to fight with the allies . the yugoslav committee wanted them to fight in the yugoslav name , while pašić ]] ( prime minister of serbia ) seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . however , during june and july 1917
63279868 1 name , while [[ nikola pašić ]] ( prime minister of serbia ) seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . = = = corfu agreement = = = however , during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation of the
63327901 7 ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire ]] , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6
9 world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december ]] [[ 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million ( 38 . 8 percent ) were serbs and 2 . 8 million ( 23 .
10 war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 ]] . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million ( 38 . 8 percent ) were serbs and 2 . 8 million ( 23 . 7
16 the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . the croatian peasants peasant party ]] ( ' party ( hss ) slowly grew to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory
17 ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . the croatian peasants ' party ( hss ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory for the two main
24 to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory for the two main serbian parties . [[ communism | communists came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant party prepared a
37 new state receiving all they had previously lacked , in addition to access to high schools and universities . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro - hungarian empire ]] had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to belgrade . during the 1920s , serbo - croat wrangle continued and on 20 june 1928
39 and universities . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro - hungarian empire had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to belgrade ]] . during the 1920s , serbo - croat wrangle continued and on 20 june 1928 , after months of rows and even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić ,
50 even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić , a montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , including stjepan radić ]] ( founder of the croatian peasant party ) , who eventually died . following this , king aleksandar i banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb
73 to further alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with ]] in the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii and a regency council headed by his cousin prince
86 set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by fascist italy and nazi germany , croatian leader vlatko macek maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the croatian banovina ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it
98 peter full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision
99 full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision .
63330276 37 bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew ]] s , [[ roma people | gypsies roma ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[
40 of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the
41 the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war
42 ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945
46 also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the
47 ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in [[ june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration
48 . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june ]] of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal
63517403 9 , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the 1960s and 1970s , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product averaged 6 . 1 % . there was 91 % literacy and an average life expectancy of 72 years . the state provided housing , health care ,
17 chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . minister of the interior aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane
18 ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but
22 more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently
30 respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the nazis made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti
34 war yugoslavia which had been dominated by serbian ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the nazis made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian ]] [[ fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo albanian - and some elements in the bosnian muslim - population to bolster their rule . there
35 yugoslavia which had been dominated by serbian ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the nazis made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism ]] for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo albanian - and some elements in the bosnian muslim - population to bolster their rule . there had
38 - time slaughter in which the nazis made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo albanian | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some elements in the bosnian muslim - population to bolster their rule . there had been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state '
40 of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the kosovo albanian - and some elements in the bosnian muslim ]] - population to bolster their rule . there had been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the
57 state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican
61 population had always been weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with albania ]] . in 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced
62 always been weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with albania . in [[ 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced in 1990
63 been weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with albania . in 1989 ]] [[ jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced in 1990 just
87 but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to rally the population for yugoslavism against the particularist nationalisms of milosević in serbia or tuđman in croatia ]] and he should have been able to count on the obedience of the armed forces . he was supported by 83 % of the population in croatia , by 81 %
88 . this level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " shock therapy programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists
92 the separatists in slovenia and croatia to their electorates involved offering to repudiate the marković - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and ' " join europe ' . the appeal of milosević in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . these nationalist appeals
63517568 0 the weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image : ante marković . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ ante marković ]] ]] in [[ 1989 ]] [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank
63521475 19 drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states eager to gain independence for slovenia and croatia ]] ; on the other side was the united states , eager to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and ' globalised ' its political economy through shock therapy
31 country open for the western multinationals . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the vatican , austria , hungary ]] , germany and , more ambivalently , italy . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to
32 open for the western multinationals . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the vatican , austria , hungary , [[ germany and , more ambivalently , italy . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild
33 for the western multinationals . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the vatican , austria , hungary , germany ]] and , more ambivalently , italy . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their
52 for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not , of course , supported by the united states . it championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain and france . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of shock therapy on
62 would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians ]] , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in
68 majority of its population did not favour such a course . during 1980s , serbian academy of sciences and arts drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia had been dispossessed of its attributes of statehood by the new 1974
70 [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian hegemonism ]] . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as
83 . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia as to devolve power even more to republics , but were voted down . as a
98 serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as republic of serbian krajina ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from hungary ]] , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a video of secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin špegelj
104 handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a video of secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities .
108 methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in split ( croatia ) , a young yugoslav ]] conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] (
130 declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag ]] . following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people '
133 soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . recently the austrian orf tv station ]] showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender
136 month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces
141 army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting the serbs from new croatian army disguised as police force . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u
143 ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbo - montenegrin serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a
146 valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] ,
63524230 1 and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . slovenia was accused of shooting them , which was later proven a farce , since all three soldiers are still alive the first known war crime in the yugoslav wars . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a
64233510 1 montenegro ]] . after a successful referendum in the republic , montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3rd ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on [[ june 5th , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = the idea of a
65111870 0 by social groups in yugoslavia and in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . some [[ europe | european ]] n governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[
66769379 0 presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province serbian goverment . at 77 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , < ref > [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy ]] <
66914194 1 yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into conflict between the albanians and serbian goverment the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , < ref > [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy ]] <
67652920 0 march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . {{ dubious }} elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' )
67964303 0 a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] and , more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican
68596291 2 march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . {{ dubious }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' )
69392268 0 started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 - 90 the vatican was openly championing independence for slovenia and croatia . {{ fact }} the real goal of austrian policy was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " ' ' saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion
75500339 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , " југославиа " in [[ [[ serbian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ]] ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[
76674084 6 was then introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy " programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the
76966761 1 non - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] by a [[ macedonians | macedonian assassin ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization that pursued [[ nazi ]] policies . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[
77740390 0 and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . i want to have sex wed you , baby ! ! [[ media : example . ogg ]] = = headline text = = i want to have sex , then a little girl baby ! like you , baby ! mabye , a little baby ! ! [[ image : example . jpg ]] = = = the unification of south slavs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on
77742938 0 and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . i want to have sex wed you , baby ! ! [[ media : example . ogg ]] š = = headline text = = i want to have sex , then a little girl baby ! like you , baby ! mabye , a little baby ! ! [[ image : example . jpg ]] = = = the unification of south slavs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on
80303315 0 into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small substantial numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in
80305420 4 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and increasingly frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare
80313028 11 suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for hiding behind slogans about " greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently
12 croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of
24 debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class , as it would have been expected from a capitalist system , determined to end the successful growth of its worst enemy - successful and democratically superior communism . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and
29 administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects
80313856 8 democratic " countries , escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations hiding behind slogans about " for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the government stifled the public protest , which was led by defeated ustaše , known nazist collaborators during the
21 [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations hiding behind slogans about " greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the government stifled the public protest , which was led by defeated ustaše , known nazist collaborators during the wwii , and arrested the leaders , but many key croatian
29 how convenient . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class , as it would have been expected from a capitalist system , determined to end the successful growth of its worst enemy - successful and democratically superior communism . simultaneously , strong so - called social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , this time openly allied to western business
34 reagan ]] administration in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration " . but then , that was to be expected after four decades of relentless criminal activities that had only one goal in sight . destruction of socialism because
80314145 4 into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where substantial relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in
15 and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] was allowed by nov to pass through serbia from romania and exit through vojvodina on the north of serbia war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after liberating [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern
25 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and increasingly frequent collaboration with italians and germans against the nov , the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to
80376751 0 freedon was to unite and free themselves of tyranies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but it really gained large momentum at the end of the nineteenth century . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[
1 was to unite and free themselves of tyranies and dictatorships under the austro - hungarian and turkish occupiers . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) but it really gained the movement started gaining large momentum at the end of the nineteenth century . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] ,
80377601 0 | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis
1 montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . notably , the us , england , germany , austria , italy ( which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia ) , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis ,
80382137 3 [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries . notably , the us , england , germany , austria , italy ( more ambivalently which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of
18 politics . on [[ june 25th ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial people ' s defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising
80538754 0 and unconditional union . others ( non - serbs ) , who favoured a federal yugoslavia were more hesitant . they feared that serbia would simply annex the former habsburg territories where there was serbian population present , but the territory was percieved to be theirs . the national council ' s authority was limited and the italians were moving to take more territory than they had been alloted in an agreement with the yugoslav committee .
1 unconditional union . others ( non - serbs ) , who favoured a federal yugoslavia were more hesitant . they feared that serbia would simply annex the former habsburg territories . this fear was strongest in croat political circles , as large parts of what they thought to be hrvatska ( croatia , as commonly albeit incorrectly called abroad ) was home to large serbian population . the national council ' s authority was limited and the italians were moving to take more territory than they had been alloted in an agreement with the yugoslav committee . political
80542773 0 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount refused russian model of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia
8 of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed to enjoy stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1 % .
80543661 1 suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations , supported heavilly by the west , for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party
3 croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of
80546176 4 administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects
10 in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the yugoslav tragedy , courtesy of western countries " favourable " credits , and terrorist activities secretly supported by those countries . in the spring of 1990 , marković was by far the most popular politician , not only in yugoslavia as a whole , but in each of its constituent republics
80546909 21 , into the economic millieu of the country and ignite the corruption , both political and economic . however , it was a long and slow process which did allow yugoslavia to enjoy enjoyed stability and peace which came with socialist and marxist structure of the society . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[
29 and unconditional union . others ( non - serbs ) , who favoured a federal yugoslavia were more hesitant . they feared that serbia would simply annex the former habsburg territories where there was serbian population present , but the territory was percieved to be theirs . this fear was strongest in croatian political circles , as large parts of what they thought to be hrvatska ( croatia , as commonly albeit incorrectly called abroad ) was
48 of national identities , escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations , supported heavilly by the west , for " greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the government stifled the destabilising and unfounded protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian
50 [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations , supported heavilly by the west , for " greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy " . the government stifled the destabilising and unfounded protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party , already corrupted and secretly financially supported by imperialist
56 administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration " that resulted in a dissolution in horrific war that followed . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the society : the socialist link between the
60 in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the yugoslav tragedy , courtesy of western countries " favourable " credits , and terrorist activities secretly supported by those countries . in the spring of 1990 , marković was by far the most popular politician , not only in yugoslavia as a whole , but in each of its constituent republics
80967043 0 the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small substantial numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in
82799705 1 integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , into borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the
3 amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government was then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups
4 of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted forced to accept the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within
7 which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist " restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of
82813167 2 confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous terrorist economic policies of the us and other western capitalist regimes in the 1970s , who encouraged jugoslav governments into in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered one of many false recessions so prevalent in capitalism , blocked yugoslav exports
4 exports . western economies then entered one of many false recessions so prevalent in capitalism , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government was then forced to accept accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , various social groups emerged within
14 growth through exports . western economies then entered one of many false recessions so prevalent in capitalism , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government was then forced to accept the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , various
15 imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist " restoration " . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects
83667331 10 , muslims etc . ) , a serb - composed nationalistic fasicst royalist guerilla army led by convicted war criminal [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . but very shortly after the begining of war chetniks started to collaborate with nazis . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the
13 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nvo , the allies eventually switched to support the nvo . however , nvo carried on its guerrilla warfare . germans , italians , ustaše and četnici joined their forces against the nvo
83862003 3 in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for : " land of the three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' '
8 ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' kingdom of serbs ,
26 exist under this name until its death following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . the declaration of independence and secession by most of the constituent republics of sfry led to the formation secession of a federation named the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of
84299894 8 empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and
84305972 1 empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and
85539858 4 * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york university press , 1996 * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' .
85546527 13 * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 . * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * harris
16 nj : hampton press * ramet , sabrina p . ' ' balkan babel . the disintegration of yugoslavia from the death of tito to the insurrection in kosovo ' ' . bouder , co : westview press , 2002 [ 3rd edition ] * ramet , sabrina p 2004 ‘explaining the yugoslav meltdown . “for a charm of pow ’ rful trouble ,
86387369 0 unconditional union . others ( non - serbs ) , who favoured a federal yugoslavia were more hesitant . they feared that serbia would simply annex the former habsburg territories . katy is the best ! ! ! the national council ' s authority was limited and the italians were moving to take more territory than they had been alloted in an agreement with the yugoslav committee . political
86387451 0 unconditional union . others ( non - serbs ) , who favoured a federal yugoslavia were more hesitant . they feared that serbia would simply annex the former habsburg territories . katy is the best ! ! ! the national council ' s authority was limited and the italians were moving to take more territory than they had been alloted in an agreement with the yugoslav committee . political
87450359 1 = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] there you can have rotten egg battles with your mother , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[
11 lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] , which was a very real concern . in [[ 1915 ]] , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively substantial numbers of italians lived in the coastal cities , compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png cell 3 | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . ]] although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the
87847188 8 macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three separate political entities that existed on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] &
24 of yugoslavia }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in [[ 1929 ]] ]] = = = opposition to the new state = = = with the end of [[ world war i ]] and the downfall of [[ austria - hungary
27 downfall of [[ austria - hungary ]] and the [[ ottoman empire ]] , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in [[ december ]] [[ 1918 ]] . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million were [[ serbs ]] ( 38 . 8 % ) and 2 . 8 million
40 was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but
42 . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[
46 this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in [[ june ]] of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the
47 the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in [[ june ]] of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal
64 state : the socialist link between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding
66 kosovo , as well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image : ante marković . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ ante marković ]] ]] in [[ 1989 ]] [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] "
88555027 0 end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . ! header 2 as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . during the early period of the world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan
89768655 0 - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , the [[ us , more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments
2 and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , us , more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] . italy which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of
8 democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania ]] and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . .
13 italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia [[ libya ]] , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an
90076309 1 = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king aleksandar i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions serbia rules . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis
90079596 5 [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = jew country . serbia rules . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became the absolute ruler in the [[ soviet union ]] . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . yugoslavia was an obstacle for these plans and king aleksandar i was the pillar of the yugoslav policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov |
90579931 1 [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . republic of macedonia applied in 2004 ,
91986037 5 ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav
6 south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially
8 were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them increasingly seriously , especially as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] looked became more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its
9 slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these
11 italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively which had substantial numbers of italians lived in the coastal cities , compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered
14 being mobilised to fight with the allies . the yugoslav committee wanted them to fight in the yugoslav name , while [[ nikola pašić ]] ( prime minister of serbia ) , seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . = = = corfu agreement = = = however , during june and
18 a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor ( or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the
19 council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament ) declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state
35 ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the
36 of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters .
40 slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] , which was a very real concern . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] ,
92352046 0 , while [[ nikola pašić ]] ( prime minister of serbia ) , seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . = = = corfu agreement = = = during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid the foundation for the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and by the common vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be a constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . what are you doing ? = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power
92352127 0 , while [[ nikola pašić ]] ( prime minister of serbia ) , seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . what are you doing ? = = = corfu agreement = = = during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid the foundation for the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and by the common vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be a constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power
92352150 1 , while [[ nikola pašić ]] ( prime minister of serbia ) , seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . = = = corfu agreement = = = during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid the foundation for the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and by the common vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be a constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . what are you doing ? = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power
92352327 1 , while [[ nikola pašić ]] ( prime minister of serbia ) , seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . what are you doing ? = = = corfu agreement = = = during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid the foundation for the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and by the common vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be a constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power
93000745 0 the liberation of all [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia if you are reading this you are gay lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , [[ bačka ]] and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared
93003032 1 the liberation of all [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non - serb members of the yugoslav committee became alarmed when the allies offered serbia if you are reading this you are gay lands that had not been reserved for italians . these included bosnia , herzegovina , slavonia , [[ bačka ]] and parts of dalmatia . croat members of the committee feared
94995394 0 yugoslavia }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 . ]] = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king aleksandar i ]] banned national political parties in 1929
2 broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] . ]] the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made
95097441 3 independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the
95139561 1 their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the
98746734 0 ]] . }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries , listed in the next paragraphs . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] to throw the system of decision - making into
98950352 1 serbs and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some elements in the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslim ]] - population to bolster their rule . there has been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the [[ soviet
98954754 9 vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia as to devolve power by devolving even more to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist
11 minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon the illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba '
12 with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian flag ]] . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people '
17 september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence illegaly , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia
101445916 2 ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . during this time croatia along with bosnian muslims , created concentration camps for serbs , roma , and jews , one of the most famous being [[ jasenovac ]] . estimates point that up to 800 , 000 men ,
7 country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . during this time croatia along with bosnian muslims created concentration camps for serbs , roma , and jews , one of the most famous being [[ jasenovac ]] . estimates point that up to 800 , 000 men , women and children were executed in these camps
102048114 3 | [[ croatia ]] . }} {{ legend | # 800080 | [[ republic of macedonia ]] . }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] . }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | [[ republika srpska ]] . }} {{ legend | # 00fefe | [[ brčko district ]] . }} {{ legend | # c00000 | [[ kosovo ]] . }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | [[ montenegro ]] . }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . they all used
102669832 4 gypsies ]] were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came
15 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia ,
20 ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia , along with bosnian muslims , created concentration camps for serbs , roma and jews , one of the most
21 well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia , along with bosnian muslims , created concentration camps for serbs , roma and jews , one of the most famous being
23 this time the independent state of croatia , along with bosnian muslims , created concentration camps for serbs , roma and jews , one of the most famous being [[ jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children were executed in these camps , most of whom were serbs . according to [[ mile budak ]] , croatia planned
103724188 0 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , 000 , 000 million and now over 10 , 000 , 000 . the population of yugoslavia will be growinf growing until 2014 and then it will be going down with 40 , 000 - 50 , 000 people a year . 2006 estimates 10 , 000 , 000 . for 2050
104633643 1 the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia , along with bosnian muslims , created concentration camps for serbs , roma gypsies and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children were executed in these camps , most of whom were serbs
2 well as part of serbia and slovenia , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia , along with bosnian muslims , created concentration camps for serbs , roma and jews , one of the most famous being jasenovac . a large number of men , women and children were executed in these
107220473 2 a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed made demands for looser ties within the federation . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[
4 a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia had been dispossessed ' s influence over the regions of its attributes of statehood by the new 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands
11 [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which the republics of slovenia and croatia , denounced as the revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced ,
12 slobodan milošević ]] . ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which the republics of slovenia and croatia denounced this move as the revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though
16 . the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and even vojvodina and kosovo , provinces in serbia . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non -
26 openly supported albanian miners {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who which proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was ordered by the yugoslav
30 to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was ordered by the yugoslav presidency to restore order council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian
33 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[
36 politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian people ' s teritorial defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising
41 the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of several young yugoslav army soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence ,
48 breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting the serbs from new croatian army disguised as a and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia . ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 .
107864960 4 eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and even vojvodina and kosovo , provinces in serbia . the [[ serbs ]] were leaving kosovo for about a century , mostly they moved north for economic reasons . but now , their numbers were falling as a result of these events , the [[ albanian | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and
8 croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon the illegal croatian importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a
12 elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) , which was in the hands of ethnic serbs and montenegrins , met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the
18 republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević herzegovina ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of
107899114 6 croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatian croatia embarked upon the illegal importation of arms was revealed to the general public when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes |
9 of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a yugoslav army soldier drove a tank through the mass and ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases throughout croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high
25 eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and even vojvodina and kosovo , provinces in serbia . the stale - mate in the presidency further destabilized the country . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and
29 army bases throughout croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) , which was in the hands of ethnic serbs and montenegrins , met with the presidency council in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country
107938591 21 yugoslavia }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 . ]] = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king aleksandar i ]] banned national political parties in 1929
24 broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty | children in jasenovac ]] . ]] the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made
109143757 1 * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . palgrave macmillan , 2006 new york : macmillan , 1993 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78
110042365 2 southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers < small > and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire
110043742 4 = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of ' ' ' visionary thinking of croat writers < small > and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire
110340242 6 of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against freedom movements among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased , and the idea of a union between them gained momentum . " yugoslavia : fact or fantasy ? " " during the early period of world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović
9 , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) furthermore , the latin name for yugoslavia - " comtominus " - is literally translated to mean sub - human slav . this analogy is also evident in the works of the great dictator adolph hitler in his classic " mein kampf " . the above paragraph is an exert from his classical philosophical theory which attempts to represent the common belief that the hapsburg empire was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas
14 [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments every animal at a time where animals , which began to take them more seriously as the fate of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] became more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the
110899796 1 moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be a constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević ]] dynasty . = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs
112621417 0 location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in latin [[ south slavic latinic transliterations | latinic ]] , југославија in [[ cyrillic ]] , [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one
115465480 14 . the first generation offspring of such marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now , the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state and
15 the first generation offspring of such marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring children of mixed marriages has to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state and its perceived
115750122 4 ]] ]] the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian
115837604 1 ]] ]] the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but they soon started to collaborate with nazis . for every killed soldier , the germans
118077903 0 led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp | children in jasenovac ]] ]] first anti - fascist armed unit in europe was marked in brezovica forest near croatian town of [[ sisak ]] ( 60 kilometres south of zagreb ) where , at [[ june 22 ]] [[ 1941 ]] . , local antifascist formed [[ prvi sisački partizanski odred ]] ( ' ' first sisak partisan squad ' ' ) . the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable
118398185 0 restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeded succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the
1 politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian teritorial territorial defence ( ' ' teritorialna obramba ' ' , a paramilitary organization ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal
123932403 0 of world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović stojadinović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the
125725649 16 = = following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he jews hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other european powers due to developments in
126230150 1 milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and even vojvodina and kosovo , provinces in serbia . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to several reasons , among them being the ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon the illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( ' ' teritorialna obramba ' ' , a paramilitary organization ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian flag ]] . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting or aiding serbs in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and the newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] which carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until milošević ' s government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] [[ 2000 ]] . on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of montenegro from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : " german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia " , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html new power ] = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ kosovo ]] ( ' ' kosovo ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ; ' ' [[ kosova ]] ' ' in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ united nations | un ]] since [[ 1999 ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . republic of macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . these states are signatiories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since [[ january 1 ]] [[ 2007 ]] they have been encircled by member - states of eu . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . once , the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the lingua - franca used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first - generation children of such marriages have difficulty with ethnic identification . this gave rise to the statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now , the children of mixed marriages have either to assume the ethnic identity of one parent or declare him or herself as undecided . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most of the contemporary independent states yugonostalgic sentiments are considered improper . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] {{ yug - timeline }} = = references = = < references / > * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] {{ link fa | no }} [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ gl : iugoslavia - југославија ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : juhosłowjanska ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ simple : yugoslavia ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] oth
126230337 1 milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . oth other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and even vojvodina and kosovo , provinces in serbia . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to several reasons , among them being the ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon the illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( ' ' teritorialna obramba ' ' , a paramilitary organization ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian flag ]] . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting or aiding serbs in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and the newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] which carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until milošević ' s government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] [[ 2000 ]] . on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of montenegro from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : " german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia " , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * silber , laura and allan little : " yugoslavia : death of a nation . " new york : penguin books , 1997 * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html new power ] = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ kosovo ]] ( ' ' kosovo ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ; ' ' [[ kosova ]] ' ' in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ united nations | un ]] since [[ 1999 ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . republic of macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . these states are signatiories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since [[ january 1 ]] [[ 2007 ]] they have been encircled by member - states of eu . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . once , the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the lingua - franca used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first - generation children of such marriages have difficulty with ethnic identification . this gave rise to the statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now , the children of mixed marriages have either to assume the ethnic identity of one parent or declare him or herself as undecided . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most of the contemporary independent states yugonostalgic sentiments are considered improper . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] {{ yug - timeline }} = = references = = < references / > * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] {{ link fa | no }} [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ be : югаславія ]] [[ br : yougoslavia ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ cy : iwgoslafia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ gl : iugoslavia - југославија ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hsb : juhosłowjanska ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ id : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ ka : იუგოსლავია ]] [[ sw : yugoslavia ]] [[ la : iugoslavia ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ hu : jugoszlávia ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ simple : yugoslavia ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ th : ยูโกสลาเวีย ]] [[ vi : nam tư ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ uk : юґославія ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]]
127227962 0 " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be a constitutional monarchy under the [[ karađorđević ]] dynasty . yeah . = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power
127229658 0 " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be a constitutional monarchy under the [[ karađorđević ]] dynasty . yeah . = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power
127488040 0 with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ italians ]] . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite
131419480 4 croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb comminities within croatia rebelling and trying to secede from the croat republic . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people
8 ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians croats , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the
12 of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis
133338537 0 | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first - generation children of such marriages have difficulty with ethnic identification . this gave rise to the statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now , the children of mixed marriages have either to assume the ethnic identity of one parent or declare him or herself as undecided . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most of the contemporary independent states
133964921 1 south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased , and the idea of a union between them gained momentum . the scholar aurel popovici ]] proposed a reform called " [[ united states of greater austria ]] ' ' ( vereinigte staaten von groß - österreich ' ' ) " in 1906 . his proposal was
135155283 5 rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation ]] al and [[ constitution ]] al rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to wouldn ' t accept a status of a national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked
6 " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation ]] al and [[ constitution ]] al rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority in a soverign croatia since serbs considered yugoslavia as a whole as their realm . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon the
9 to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia also embarked upon the illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba '
135158463 4 to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former
5 pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security
135161400 4 yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian flag ]] before declaring independence . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav
10 houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road ljubljana - zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport were killed . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a
135165823 3 | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry officially had three official languages along with languages of the minorities which were official in places where the minority lived but in all federal organ only serbo - croatian was used and it was expected from others to use it also . today remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most of the contemporary independent states
141665990 0 ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry officially technically had three official languages along with languages of the minorities which were official in places where the minority lived but in all federal organ only serbo - croatian was used and
6 had three official languages along with languages of the minorities which were official in places where the minority lived but in all federal organ only serbo - croatian was used and it was others were expected from others to use it also . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija )
144797499 1 s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english : language | english ]] : south slavia ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the
150932203 4 = background = = {{ see also | creation of yugoslavia }} = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after
5 slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the various empires would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of gained prominence in the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against freedom movements among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the [[ ottoman empire ]] grew
7 of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against freedom movements among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the [[ ottoman empire ]] grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope but ideas for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased , and the idea of a union between them gained momentum .
15 number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojadinović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire ]] fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as
16 prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojadinović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to [[ london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters
19 ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojadinović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was ]] to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]]
20 from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire austria - hungary . these " yugoslavs " were [[ serbs ]] , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' )
32 habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia 1 december ]] . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with a promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact
33 slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with a promise of substantial territorial gains 1918 in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , which had substantial numbers of italians living in the coastal
37 war with a promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , which had unified in the previous month ) , as well as a substantial numbers of italians living in the coastal cities surrounded by slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by
153158361 1 of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro monteblanco ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]]
154069180 0 latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] " , or literary ' ' the land of south slavs ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six
155255391 0 pushing ahead with the " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme . the few european states with strategic interests in the yugoslav theatre tended to favour favor fragmentation . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for
156097074 0 parts of [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ italians ]] and [[ slovins ]] . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the
157112576 0 [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ italians ]] and [[ slovins slovenes ]] . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of
157503671 6 / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm ] < / ref > a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the population of yugoslavia considered themselves to be religious believers . the places of highest religious concentration were that of kosovo with 91 % and bosia hercegovina with 83 . 8 % . the places of lowest religious concentration
158242560 3 = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its
158263601 0 autonomous province of [[ vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # socialist republic of [[ slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . it is intresting that macedonia was serbian province after second balcan war in 1913 . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well
158264224 0 autonomous province of [[ vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # socialist republic of [[ slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . it is intresting that macedonia ( aka old serbia ) was serbian province after second balcan war in 1913 . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well
158269054 0 ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio
158283876 0 germany . the germans proposed that the bosnians hatred for christian [[ serbs ]] would make them into useful allies . however , they did little more than slaughter innocent serbian civillians civilians , and surrendered at first signs of the soviet and vmo liberation of yugoslavia < ref > the ss , hitler ' s instrument of terror . gordon williamson < /
160502277 5 split it up . the independent state of croatia was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of serbia and slovenia
17 that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of serbia and slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists
21 activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of serbia and slovenia , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary ]] , and italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , serbs , gypsies and jews , one of the most
22 until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of serbia and slovenia , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and [[ italy . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , serbs , gypsies and jews , one of the most famous
23 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of serbia and slovenia , while other parts of the country were occupied by bulgaria , hungary and italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , serbs , gypsies and jews , one of the most famous being
160502817 1 ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi [[ puppet state ]] , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in [[
162130369 0 has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . milošević ' s rejection poop of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse
162524481 0 has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . milošević ' s poop of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of
162524892 0 has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of
165059312 9 nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks ( who later openly collaborated with the german occupation forces ) , a multiethnic , though largely serb , royalist guerilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist
11 in these camps . many croatians were recruited into the [ ss ] . bosnian muslims were also recruited by germany . the germans proposed that the bosnians hatred for christian [[ serbs ]] would make them into useful allies . however , they did little more than slaughter innocent serbian civilians , and surrendered at first signs of the soviet and vmo liberation of
165062781 5 policy , declaring [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma ]] the enemies of the state , in what was to become the beginning of the [[ jasenovac concentration camp modelled on similar institutions elsewhere ] < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . jasenovac concentration camp <
165766330 0 50 & v = & j = & k = u & o = & s = & upit = 940 . 547 . 2 & scrollaction = stranica + 2 < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance
167767922 0 collaborated with the german occupation forces ) , a multiethnic , though largely serb , royalist guerilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . kelsi is the cooles . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the
167812918 5 in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ethnic - cleansing ' ' . international action center , 1998 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co :
167849099 0 collaborated with the german occupation forces ) , a multiethnic , though largely serb , royalist guerilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . kelsi is the cooles . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the
168324388 1 ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , serbs , gypsies and jews , one of them being jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , were executed in these camps . members of various yugoslav nationalities were recruited into the [[ ss
168325125 1 ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( ' ' narodno oslobodilačka vojska ' ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito , a croatian national ]] .
193162210 1 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo delcared independence from serbia , without permission of united nations further dividing the former country and ending yugoslavia altogether . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a
193351040 2 [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the region of [[ kosovo ]] [[ 2008 kosovo declaration of independence | declared independence from serbia ]] in [[ february 2008 ]] . if kosovo is recognized it will become the seventh country to be formed out of the former yugoslavia . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943
193894652 1 montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , further dividing despite not being in accordance with united nations resolution 1244 making the former country . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south
193899901 2 montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , despite not being in accordance with united nations resolution 1244 making further dividing the declaration illegitimate . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south
194198938 0 montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act not recognized by [[ serbia ]] further dividing the former country . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all
194309979 2 all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia serbia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia
195050677 1 gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , " југославија " in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] ' ' , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe ,
196722621 0 former country . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic penis ]] emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . during the early period of [[ world
196848855 7 was independent although occupied at the time ) . with the defeat of the world war i [[ central powers ]] and the collapse of the austria - hungary in late 1918 1990 , various south slavic territories were quickly amalgamated to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] 1918 in [[ belgrade ]]
8 . with the defeat of the world war i [[ central powers ]] and the collapse of the austria - hungary in late 1918 , various south slavic territories were quickly amalgamated botched together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] 1918 in [[ belgrade ]] . the new kingdom was made up of
197289863 2 ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] is also partially recognized as a new country . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943
199795049 2 | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia pending full ) recognition is not full recognition . must i declare that i am a billionaire , when i don ' t even have a penny ? < / gallery > = =
3 macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia pending full recognition is not full recognition image : flag _ of _ kosovo . must i declare that i am a billionaire , when i don ' t even have a penny ? < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic
199795294 5 montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag _ of _ kosovo . svg | kosovo ( i ' m sorry , but i can make a " pending full international recognition ) < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common
200599214 5 , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a partially recognized state after it also declared its independence in 2008 but was not a socialist republic of the former yugoslavia , it had the status of a socialist
201109080 7 , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named once again on [[ 6 january ]] [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] " ( serbian : краљевина југославија ; croatian , slovene : kraljevina jugoslavija ) . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal royal government in
206751541 5 i srba / држава словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците }} ) . the country was established on 29 october 1918 . it lasted only for a month ; on 1 december 1918 it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia
14 i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : kraljevina slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците }} ) . the country was re - named on 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbo - croatian and slovene ( latin
206785833 2 [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ germany america ]] wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy
206801668 5 [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favoured the policy pursued by alexsandar i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ america germany ]] wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war iii , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy
206808719 18 ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ macedonia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a partially recognized state which declared its highly disputed independence in 2008 [[ 2003 ]] . it was not a socialist republic of yugoslavia ; it had the status of a socialist [[ autonomous province ]] within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] . the first
32 ]] . it lasted only for a month ; on 1 december 1918 it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia " ( kraljevina srbija / краљевина србија ) to form the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " ( {{ lang - sh | kraljevina slovenaca , hrvata i srba / краљевина словенаца , хрвата и срба }} ;
206809460 0 slavia " , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before 3 october 1929 was
13 yugoslavia " , proclaimed in 1943 by the communist resistance movement in world war ii . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1956 [[ 1946 ]] , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( sfry ) . the
208434206 0 right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] the yugoslavian people came to the balkans in the 7th 17th century posed as barbarians ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( " jugoslavija " in [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] ( [[ gaj ' s
210757366 2 - time slaughter in which the [[ nazis ]] made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use [[ croatia ]] n [[ fascism ]] for barbarous acts against the serbs . some bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some elements in the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslim ]] population -
6 for barbarous acts against the serbs and also exploited anti - serb sentiment amongst the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] - and some elements in the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslim ]] population - to bolster their rule . there has been one structural element in and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the [[ soviet union | ussr ]] and the [[ united states | usa ]]
9 the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslim ]] population - to bolster their rule . there has been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested ans some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability : the joint concern of the [[ soviet union | ussr ]] and the [[ united states | usa ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state
11 yugoslav state ' s stability : the joint concern of the [[ soviet union | ussr ]] and the [[ united states | usa ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as . this concession satisfied croatia and slovenia , but in serbia and in the new autonomous province of kosovo , reaction was different . serbs saw the new constitution as conceding to croat and ethnic albanian nationalists . ethnic albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s ,
12 ' s stability : the joint concern of the [[ soviet union | ussr ]] and the [[ united states | usa ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on constituent republic with the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of
18 integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem .
210757609 0 albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeoprodizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through
212494019 1 and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until milošević ' s government submitted to their demands and , with russia acting as intermediary . yugoslavia withdrew its forces from kosovo , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 ,
2 of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until milošević ' s government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo , in return for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed
213544859 0 ” ) and civilians mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional arm armed conflicts which finished with minimal number of victims . a similar attempt in bosnia and herzegovina lead to a war that lasted more than 3 years ( see below ) .
215130529 2 at the time ) . with the defeat of the [[ central powers ]] in world war i and the collapse of the austro - hungarian empire , various south slavic apple pie territories were quickly botched together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] .
215130545 2 the defeat of the pie king [[ central powers ]] in world war i and the collapse of the ( pie queen ) austro - hungarian empire , various south slavic apple pie territories were quickly botched together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on national pie day [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[
216787249 0 ) . with the defeat of the [[ central powers ]] in world war i and the collapse of the austro - hungarian empire , various south slavic territories were quickly botched grouped together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] . the new kingdom was
219529741 4 1943 ]] by the [[ communist ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in [[ 1946 ]] , when a communist government was established . in [[ 1963 ]] , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " (
8 }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = [[ image : jugo - slavia , 1919 . png | thumb | 230px | right | map of yugoslavia in [[ 1919 ]] showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] ,
222069162 5 south slavic territories were quickly grouped together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] . the new kingdom was made up of the formerly independent kingdoms of serbia and [[ kingdom of montenegro | montenegro ]] ( which had unified in the previous month )
222070197 5 hungarian empire , various south slavic territories were quickly grouped together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december 1918 in belgrade ]] . the new kingdom was made up of the formerly independent kingdoms of serbia and [[ kingdom of montenegro | montenegro ]] ( which had unified in the previous month )
222532726 0 the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenes , supported by croats , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia
222532762 0 the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenes , supported by croats , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia
225041205 1 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences , the last indepedent state from " yugoslavia ]] " and " state uninon of serbia and montenegro " is kosovo on [[ 17 february ]] [[ 2008 ]] . thereby ending the last remnants of a yugoslav state .
225187871 1 abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences independence , thereby ending the last remnants of a yugoslav state . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for
227710828 1 the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union
230032320 0 , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . this territory extended , more or less , to include ethnically slovene territory and was territory populated predominantly by [[ italians ]] and [[ slovenes ]] . however , the nov withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite
3 and parts of [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . this was territory populated predominantly by [[ italians ]] and [[ slovenes ]] in their respective countries . however , the nov withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the
230053918 1 ]] . this territory extended , more or less , to include ethnically slovene territory and was inhabited by [[ slovenes ]] mixed with [[ germans ]] and [[ italians ]] in their respective countries and [[ slovenes ]] . however , the nov withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the
2 , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . this territory extended , more or less , to include ethnically slovene territory and was inhabited by [[ slovenes ]] mixed with [[ germans ]] and [[ italians ]] in their respective countries . however , the nov withdrew from trieste in june of the
231803887 9 [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " , or literally ' ' the " land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the
15 , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] was and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent socialist republics that made up the country , from north to south , were : [[
42 february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , it was renamed to the " [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] " , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav
231804913 2 the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of
9 borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria ]] n southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . this was territory populated predominantly by [[ italians ]] and [[ slovenes ]] . however , the nov withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[
231807278 2 ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland partisans ]] , also known as the chetniks , serb royalist guerrilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[
8 ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( ' ' narodno oslobodilačka vojska ' ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a croatian national . chetniks were allies of united states in europe and they saved over 150 american pilots during operation : " vazdušni most " . the nov the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and
9 ]] ]] --> the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions because of german
25 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew ]] ish and [[ roma people | roma sutjeska ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaborationism | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ yugoslav
231807706 2 gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . one such camp was [[ jasenovac concentration camp | jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children , mostly serbs , and croat resistance members , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref >
231810308 1 to [[ london ]] , where they began work on forming the [[ yugoslav committee ]] to represent the southern slavs of austria - hungary . these " yugoslavs " were [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] , and [[ slovenes ]] citizens who identified themselves with the movement toward a single yugoslav or south slavic state and the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the south slav lands with the
32 [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . in 1989 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] "
232164911 2 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 250px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[ image : franjotudman . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics
238276347 0 slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] . the new kingdom was made up of the formerly independent kingdoms of serbia and [[ kingdom of montenegro | montenegro ]] ( which had unified in the previous month ) , as well as a substantial amount of territory that was formerly part of [[ austria - hungary ]] , the [[
238276411 0 slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] . the new kingdom was made up of the formerly independent kingdoms of serbia and [[ kingdom of montenegro | montenegro ]] ( which had unified in the previous month ) , as well as a substantial amount of territory that was formerly part of [[ austria - hungary ]] , the [[
238836023 0 although occupied at the time ) . with the defeat of the [[ central powers ]] in world war i and the collapse of the austro - hungarian empire , various south slavic mugungus members ' territories were quickly grouped together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] .
238848404 0 although occupied at the time ) . with the defeat of the [[ central powers ]] in world war i and the collapse of the austro - hungarian empire , various mugungus members ' south slavic territories were quickly grouped together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] .
241009307 0 of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . hello . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language |
241009341 0 of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . hello . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ croatian language |
241098556 0 socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] and metohija < br / > 5a . , with the capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] #
241485481 1 socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] and metohija , with the capital in [[ priština ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to
7 socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . # [[ socialist republic of kosovo ]] , with the capital in [[ priština ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to
241638823 3 serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a croatian national . the partisans chetniks initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the
241739997 3 serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a croatian national . the chetniks partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were supported by the exiled
246983138 5 economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme . the few european states with strategic interests in the yugoslav theatre tended to favor fragmentation . there were also other specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue {{ fact | date = february 2008 }} that the decentralized market socialism was a disastrous
247526296 5 south slavia " or " land of [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october
13 separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon encountered opposition from other [[ europe ]] an powers stemming from developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin |
17 where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international
24 [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]]
25 as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews
28 armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal importation of arms , ( following the disaramament of the republics armed forces by the federal jna ) mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting
34 albanian refugees . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the
251644574 0 | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , # [[ socialist autonomous province of kosova ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]]
1 # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] , # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as
251645066 10 republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] , # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . * [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] , in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well
251645247 5 socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . * [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] , . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well
257423127 4 world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he planned to bang as many ladies as he could . his number currently stands at 106 , 333 and still plans to reach his target of 2 , 300 , 207 . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were
257427712 4 world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia . he planned to bang as many ladies as he could . his number currently stands at 106 , 333 and still plans to reach his target of 2 , 300 , 207 . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were
257767654 20 autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . * [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . }} in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well
22 and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 - 1963 ) | autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . * [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the
259633189 2 affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion and practices . with postwar government programs of [[ modernization ]] and [[ urbanization ]] , the percentage of religious believers took a dramatic plunge . connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post - war communist government ' s policies on national unity and state structure . after the rise of [[ communism ]] , a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the total population of yugoslavia considered themselves to be religious believers . the places of highest religious concentration were that of [[ kosovo ]] with 91 % and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] with 83 . 8 % . the places of lowest religious concentration were [[ slovenia ]] 65 . 4 % , [[ serbia ]] with 63 . 7 % and [[ croatia ]] with 63 . 6 % . religious differences between orthodox christian [[ serbs ]] , catholic [[ croats ]] , and muslim [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government = = = on 7 april 1963 the nation
3 country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = the government = = = on 7 april 1963 the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito
259633956 4 for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and russia , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia
259636351 1 still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = =
2 disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] [[ intelligentsi ]] and emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] but never came to culmination . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = <
259636424 0 _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsi intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with the 1918 collapse
262054633 43 ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo
262867590 1 center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] ( disputed * kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed , not recognized by all nations . ) | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ file
266107846 0 [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs . while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created in ethnic albanian - majority populated [[ kosovo ]] and the mixed - populated [[ vojvodina ]] . these autonomous provinces held the same voting power as the republics but unlike the republics , they could not legally separate from yugoslavia . this concession satisfied croatia and slovenia , but in serbia and in the new autonomous province of kosovo , reaction was different . serbs saw the new constitution as conceding to croat and ethnic albanian nationalists . ethnic albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeopardizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s which was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in 1984 , had adopted a " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . in 1989 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in 1990 at the same time the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the 1989 financial operations act which required that if an enterprise was insolvent for 30 days running , or for 30 days within a 45 day period , it had to settle with its creditors either by giving them ownership or by being liquidated , in which case workers would be sacked , normally without severance payments . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of 1990 directly following the adoption of the imf programme , another 889 enterprises with a combined work - force of 525 , 000 workers suffered the same fate . in other words , in less than two years " the trigger mechanism " ( under the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . an additional 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = inexperiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , thoughwhilst dampening the institutional and material power
266108014 0 [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs . while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on bosniaks and croats . the ethnic violence was only ended when the multiethnic [[ yugoslav partisans ]] took over the country at the end of the war and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created in ethnic albanian - majority populated [[ kosovo ]] and the mixed - populated [[ vojvodina ]] . these autonomous provinces held the same voting power as the republics but unlike the republics , they could not legally separate from yugoslavia . this concession satisfied croatia and slovenia , but in serbia and in the new autonomous province of kosovo , reaction was different . serbs saw the new constitution as conceding to croat and ethnic albanian nationalists . ethnic albanians in kosovo saw the creation of an autonomous province as not being enough , and demanded that kosovo become a constituent republic with the right to separate from yugoslavia . this created tensions within the communist leadership , particularly amongst communist serb officials who resented the 1974 constitution as weakening serbia ' s influence and jeopardizing the unity of the country by allowing the republics the right to separate . an economic crisis erupted in the 1970s which was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments , such as borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in 1984 , had adopted a " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . in 1989 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in 1990 at the same time the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the 1989 financial operations act which required that if an enterprise was insolvent for 30 days running , or for 30 days within a 45 day period , it had to settle with its creditors either by giving them ownership or by being liquidated , in which case workers would be sacked , normally without severance payments . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of 1990 directly following the adoption of the imf programme , another 889 enterprises with a combined work - force of 525 , 000 workers suffered the same fate . in other words , in less than two years " the trigger mechanism " ( under the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . an additional 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = inexperiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , thoughwhilst dampening the institutional and material power
278287987 0 coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , some negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria are led , finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of this negotiations is to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after intervention of stalin this agreement never realized . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well
278348589 0 > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , some negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria are were led , finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of this negotiations is to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries
1 - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} in 1947 , some negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria are led , and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of this negotiations is to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after
281117483 6 [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo
281979473 1 problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in 1984 , had adopted a " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . in 1989 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in 1990 at the same time the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme was both unique within the region and of great political importance in 1989 - 90 . the bankruptcy law to liquidate state enterprises was enacted in the 1989 financial operations act which required that if an enterprise was insolvent for 30 days running , or for 30 days within a 45 day period , it had to settle with its creditors either by giving them ownership or by being liquidated , in which case workers would be sacked , normally without severance payments . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of
282642038 1 in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police was already slovenian before declaring slovenia ' s declaration of independence . the following day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[
284695040 7 and slovenes . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to which the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] was annexed on 13 november 1918 , and the conference of ambassadors in [[ paris ]] gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 . it was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with
8 slovenes . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it http : / / www was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name
21 chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist . organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul
34 yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six socialist republics , a socialist autonomous province , and a socialist autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > '
52 no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia ( prohor pčinjski part ) , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) .
66 , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . the sfry had no official language , technically had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian was used and others were expected to
67 separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . the sfry technically there had three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian was used and others were expected to use
68 sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . the sfry technically had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian was used and others were expected to use it
72 sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ sap kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr slovenia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the
73 serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ sap kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr slovenia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . the
289532174 0 , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . the last country to have any yugoslav atribute attribute in its name is the [[ fyr macedonia | former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of
291724737 0 ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " , [[ albani language | albania ]] ' ' jugoslavia ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country
292035709 6 the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of the yugoslav republic of macedonia was peaceful , although the yugoslav army occupied the peak of the straža mountain , on the macedonian soil . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads
292754074 4 the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of the yugoslav republic of macedonia was peaceful , although the yugoslav army occupied the peak of the straža mountain serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from the dalmatian coast towards
295405618 2 ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ' ' jugoslavia ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country
300031814 0 chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince
300372166 1 jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs and albanians ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the
300628666 0 jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs and albanians ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the
311073666 1 ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . * famous rock and roll guitarist and historian tony m . drozdjek was born in belgrade ]] , 1963 . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav
313663539 4 multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to cede power peacefully . other yugoslav republics - especially serbia - were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products )
9 , 1996 , the [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] is signed , limiting the military equipment of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia ( serbia and
314884067 7 success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' )
314888561 7 success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' )
315047149 7 success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' )
315141168 7 success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' )
315205975 7 success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' )
319569174 1 home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors protesters , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created
319589909 3 home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protesters protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created
319701637 1 home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors protesters , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created
319852932 3 home republic was croatia was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protesters protestors , while at the same time conceding to some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created
320663649 0 sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] is the best which were also equal members of the federation ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most
320664263 0 sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo is the best ]] which were also equal members of the federation ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most
321386836 0 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia because germany declared war on russia and serbia was russia ' s main ally on the balkans . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia
321387337 1 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia because germany declared war on russia and serbia was russia ' s main ally on the balkans . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia
321393887 2 after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia without cultural and regional self - determination . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians
321407645 2 vatroslav1937 | vatroslav1937 ]] ( [[ user talk : vatroslav1937 | talk ]] ) 15 : 21 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) alexander attempted to create a centralised yugoslavia without cultural and regional self - determination . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians
321543391 1 after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine yugoslavia with almost all political powers vested in the serbian capital of belgrade . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians
321549394 1 world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine centralised yugoslavia with almost all political powers vested in the serbian capital of belgrade . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians
325621246 2 metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) . on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and which officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the
325697061 5 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] in 1990 ) . on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , which and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence . [[ kosovo ]]
326748389 0 of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders crap in a bucket . varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]]
326748646 0 of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . crap in a bucket . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]]
328282850 2 army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up the germans went to war with russia . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the [[
328760854 2 ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . even though the belgrade government was pro - german the axis powers occupied yugoslavia because yugoslavia was russia ' s ally and the germans went to war with russia [ 3 ] . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by
334280365 0 ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo and montenegro during [[ yougurt anti - bureaucratic revolution # october 1988 : vojvodina : yogurt revolution | yogurt revolutions ]] . following the first multi - party election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[
337615626 0 period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped ho yo waz gaoodped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where
337615803 0 period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he ho yo waz gaoodped hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where
339725475 2 40px ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo | recognised ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for
3 ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] by {{ kosovorecognition | | un member states }} and the [[ republic of china ]] ( taiwan ) . on 8 october 2008 , upon request of serbia , the [[ united nations general assembly | un general assembly ]] adopted a resolution asking the [[ international court of justice ]] for an [[ icj advisory opinion on the legality of kosovo ' s independence | advisory opinion ]] on the issue of kosovo ' s [[ declaration of independence ]] . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . reuters . com / article / worldnews / idustre49780c20081008 | title = u . n . backs serbia in judicial move on kosovo & # 124 ; international | publisher = reuters | date = 2008 - 10 - 08 | accessdate = 2009 - 07 - 20 }} < / ref > this process is currently ongoing . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership
343663062 0 > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > ) . the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by ' ' ' bailey and will when they visited yesterday ' ' ' , and the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was
343663099 0 > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > ) . the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by ' ' ' bailey and will when they visited yesterday ' ' ' , and the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was
347157594 1 , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] which were also largely equal members of the federation {{ citation needed | date = february 2010 }} ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed
347164096 2 ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and , a status threatned by each republic breaking away from the federation , in addition to his opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]]
4 jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , further inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines
8 ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists population of croatia who wished to remain in union with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what
10 | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished to remain in union with serbia - proper . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing
17 file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia and herzegovina to become part of a [[ greater serbia ]] which he accused the serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to
23 of a [[ greater serbia ]] which he accused the serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia resulted in the bosnian , and one which would disenfranchise non - bosniaks . ]] {{ fixbunching | mid }} [[ file : evstafiev - radovan karadzic 3mar94 . jpg | thumb | 140px | right | bosnian serb president [[ radovan karadžić ]] aggressively pursued an agenda to keep serb territory from being forced to separate from yugoslavia . the bosnian serb army engaged in a war . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ file
347207640 0 milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal desire to uphold the unity of serbs , a status threatned threatened by each republic breaking away from the federation , in addition to his opposition to the the albanian authorities in kosovo , further inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file :
353721418 0 split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} - is jasenovac camp citation good enough citation for you croat ? against serbs . a small faction of bosniak nationalists joined the axis forces and attacked serbs while extreme serb nationalists engaged in attacks on
367694598 2 ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending eleven 11 days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner
7 multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to cede power peacefully . other yugoslav republics – especially serbia were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products )
14 september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred 500 u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia
369419866 0 }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : governments in exile during world war ii ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] {{ link ga | no }} [[ af : joego - slawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az
385374941 2 was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito whose home republic was croatia , was concerned over the stability of the country and responded in a manner to appease both croats and serbs , he ordered the arrest of the croat protestors , while at
392939246 0 = 2008 - 10 - 08 | accessdate = 2009 - 07 - 20 }} < / ref > on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s indepedence independence was not illegal . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . bbc . co . uk / news / world - europe -
400599300 19 slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] . }} ) in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or
25 | macedonian ]] , [[ serbian cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was
32 < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the kingdom of yugoslavia and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of
405576186 0 xcp7oxqe0fmc & pg = pa624 | title = the balkans since 1453 | page = 624 }} < / ref > during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned , . communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]]
405577552 5 with the liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after also taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from
408822811 1 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka zadar ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country were
410219821 0 domination attempts and increasingly different levels of democratic standards were becoming increasingly incompatible . [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia wouldn ' t would not accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights .
429241423 0 sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] which after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation < ref > {{ cite book | last = huntington | first
436091877 11 state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] . it culminated in the realization of the ideal with the 1918 collapse of [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austria - hungary ]] at the end of [[ world war i ]] and the formation of the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) , coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia "
441313646 20 multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to cede power peacefully . other yugoslav republics — especially serbia were more or less dissatisfied with the democratization in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products )
46 duke university press , 1987 ; isbn 0 - 8223 - 0773 - 1 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january 2002 * silber , laura and allan little : ' ' yugoslavia : death of a nation ' ' . new york :
47 ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine /
64 giving 17 - year - old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > http : / / www1 . yadvashem
108 some of their demands . in 1974 , serbia ' s influence in the country was significantly reduced as autonomous provinces were created in ethnic albanian - majority populated [[ kosovo ]] and the mixed - populated [[ vojvodina ]] . these autonomous provinces held the same voting power as the republics but unlike the republics , they could not legally separate from
118 to secede from the croat republic . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by
460169136 0 ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the [[ balkans ]] , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known
468701811 27 of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in 2004 formed yugoslavia , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro -
470925206 1 serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to [[ croatian home guard | home guard ]] ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful . still , slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import
492545273 21 sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } ( {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica ]] }} ) in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or
495585894 21 by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( the [[ kingdom
495666744 9 20th century ]] . the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( the [[ kingdom
495668696 25 by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( the [[ kingdom
499296493 2 creation of yugoslavia }} originating from [[ pan - slavism ]] ideologies , yugoslavia was ultimately the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and peoples , emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] . coined from the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni
6 state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] . coined from the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }}
500174054 8 arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > formerly [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) }} = = = succession = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics of serbia and montenegro , which remained relatively untouched by
511395809 0 serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . the federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to home guard ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful
518741382 0 | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the italian border with italy changed after world war ii . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ,
1 small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . border with italy changed after world war ii . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language
527680630 3 . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugo - nostalgia ]] . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist
542255215 0 former yugoslavia 2008 . png | caption2 = current state of affairs on the territory of the former yugoslavia , as of 2008 }} the successor states to the former yugoslavia , as of 2013 , are the following : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center
542255750 1 longer existent . after montenegro ' s independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the [[ republic of serbia ]] . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognized state . however , numerous countries , including the united states , have recognized kosovo as an independent nation . in april 2001 , the five successor states drafted and in june 2001 they signed an agreement on succession issues . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http
542271560 4 of former yugoslav states in the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on november
542271741 1 and montenegro ' ' became known as the [[ republic of serbia ]] . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to [[ international recognition of kosovo | an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognized state . however , numerous countries , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] ,
554863849 0 the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and this identifier is commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ yugoslav wars
563178883 2 and protestantism as well as various [[ eastern christianity | eastern orthodox ]] faiths composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia have changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later in 1948 show that 99 % of the population appeared to be deeply involved with their religion
563179561 7 supported by croats , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation delegations left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of communism in the rest of eastern europe , each of the republics held
563180646 5 army occupied the peak of the straža mountain on the macedonian soil . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by blocking roads leading from the dalmatian coast towards the inland interior almost a year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) .
10 to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the army was seen as a serbian service government by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , montenegro , [[
23 croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . the film was spiced by distorting sounds and fabricated voice of the croatian minister . also , guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( '
25 from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police were mostly already slovenian before slovenia ' s declaration of independence . the following day ( 26 june ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten -
563181056 8 [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia ( prohor pčinjski part ) , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | vmro ]] ' ' ) . this was despite the fact that the yugoslav army refused to abandon
563181699 2 troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . there were however numerous cases of destruction of civilian property and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples people ' s army – houses and a church . a civilian airport , along with a hangar and airliners inside it was bombarded ; truck drivers on the road from ljubljana to zagreb
6 a civilian airport , along with a hangar and airliners inside it was bombarded ; truck drivers on the road from ljubljana to zagreb and austrian journalists at the ljubljana airport ]] were killed . a ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia
563182953 3 yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and ; this identifier is commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] *
565958816 1 | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] , during most of the 20th century . the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and
568241997 0 i as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes by union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it was commonly called at the time a " [[ treaty of versailles | versailles ]] state " . renamed to and first official use of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' in 1929
568473261 8 all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic ; serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb communities within croatia rebelling and trying to secede from the croat republic . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of serbs as the most numerous people in yugoslavia .
575358692 0 the 20th century . the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' , was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( the [[ kingdom
4 . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 . in 1943 , democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the
578690791 0 small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the italian border changed after world war ii . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ,
1 = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the italian [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] < ref name = " spencer tucker 2005 " / > , the western border changed after world war ii . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene
10 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which had annexed the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] on 13 november ) . five days previously , while the conference of ambassadors in paris gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en
580282779 5 independent nation after the results of a [[ montenegrin independence referendum , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] . after montenegrin independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the [[ republic of serbia ]] . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to [[ international recognition of
8 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] , therefore rendering serbia and montenegro as no longer existent . after montenegro ' s independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the [[ republic of serbia ]] . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on
588055722 0 existence by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) liberated by serbian army , with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which annexed the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] five days previously , while the regions of [[ kosovo ]] , [[
588344999 6 kosovo ]] , [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ vardar macedonia ]] were parts of serbia prior to the unification ) . serbian royal [[ house of karadjordjevic ]] , became yugoslav royalty royal dynasty . it gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the conference of ambassadors in paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en
7 , [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ vardar macedonia ]] were parts of serbia prior to the unification ) . serbian royal [[ house of karadjordjevic ]] , became yugoslav royalty . it yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the conference of ambassadors in paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family
15 news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > starting in 1991 , yugoslavia disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . one of after the successor states was also known as the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) until 2003 . the fry aspired to be a sole [[ succession of states
29 usa : abc - clio , 2005 . pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' , was a country in the western part of [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century , that came into existence by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) liberated
30 existence by the merger of the provisional [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) liberated by serbian army , with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which united the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] five days previously , while the regions of [[ kosovo ]] , [[
34 yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this became the largest yugoslav state as [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country were [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina | sr bosnia
39 yugoslavia was officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . in june 2006 , [[ montenegro ]] became an independent nation after the results of a [[ montenegrin independence referendum , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] . after montenegrin independence , serbia became the [[ legal successor ]] of serbia and montenegro , while montenegro re - applied for membership in international organizations . . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to [[ international recognition of kosovo | an ongoing dispute
588371954 1 the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was result of [[ corfu _ declaration ]] , as project of serbian parliament in exile and serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = =
590769471 1 university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * djilas , milovan ]] : ' ' land without justice ' ' , [ with ] introd . and notes by william jovanovich . new york : harcourt , brace and co . , 1958
594475714 7 yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 & nbsp ; am on 6 april 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ league / 1931 . htm | title = chronology 1929 | author = ' ' [[ indiana university ]] ' ' | publisher = indiana . edu | date = october 2002 }} < / ref > however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where fascists and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to
595497490 1 www . bbc . co . uk / history / worldwars / wwtwo / partisan _ fighters _ 01 . shtml | title = partisans : war in the balkans 1941 - 1945 | author = dr . stephen a . hart | author2 = ' ' [[ british broadcasting company ]] ' ' | publisher = bbc . com | date =
600480229 0 in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . the film was spiced by distorting sounds and fabricated voice of the croatian minister {{ citation needed }} . guns were also fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]]
605733772 0 the 19th century . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was the result of [[ corfu declaration ]] , as project of serbian parliament in exile and serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom
605734785 0 the kingdom of yugoslavia | banovinas ]] of yugoslavia , 1929 – 39 . after 1939 the sava and littoral banovinas were merged into the [[ banovina of croatia ]] }} the country was formed in 1918 immediately after world war i as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes by union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and
606952320 4 / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the country was named after [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] as and constituted their first union ever , after centuries - long rules of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] on these territories . renamed [[ kingdom of yugoslavia
8 [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] as their first union ever , after centuries - long rules of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] on these territories . renamed [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941
615788018 0 . when , in august 1990 , croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns ( yugolsavian army ' s barracks ) , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organized armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( " police " ) and civilians mark the
616726337 1 the [[ soviet union ]] , established six republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . the policy focused on a strong central government under the control of the communist party , and on recognition of the multiple nationalities . < ref > {{ cite book | author1 = arnold and wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xrd6y - oifpac & pg = pa216 | year = 2012 | | page = 216 }} < / ref > . { | class = " wikitable " | - ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center >
3 : coat of arms of the socialist republic of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with to the [[ bled agreement ( 1947 ) | bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two
4 ]] < / center > | } in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ( 1947 ) | bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or , which proposed to form a new union of two independent countries . after the intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . yugoslavia solved the national issue of nations and nationalities (
14 [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ( 1947 ) | bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a
616888308 0 loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 ; however , [[ marshal of yugoslavia | marshal ]] josip broz tito was in contgrol control and was determined to lead an independent communist state , starting as a prime minister . he had the support of moscow and london and led by far the strongest partisan
8 year before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs in croatia proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . the federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces
9 before croatian leadership made any move towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian " serb autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . the federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had
10 towards independence . these uprisings were more or less discretely backed up by the serbian dominated federal army ( jna ) . the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known " , later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . the federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces
15 republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) herzegovina , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo , and montenegro during the
28 feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , montenegro , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia (
616890253 4 escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy , followed by mass manifestations across croatia . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ 1974 yugoslav
12 important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently
622094862 11 year = 2009 }} < / ref > a more severe sign of disobedience was so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in zagreb organized organised demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy , followed by mass manifestations across croatia . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key
23 and croatia restated its independence in the croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * 15 january 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized recognised by most european countries * 6 april 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ' s independence by the u . s . and most european countries *
26 membership in international organizations . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognized recognised state . however , numerous countries , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognized kosovo as an independent nation . = =
623264122 0 small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the western border left a population of half a million slavs < ref name = "
623964063 0 in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] [[ category : southeastern europe ]] {{ link ga | no }}
643714069 0 also religious affiliation . of the many religions , islam , roman catholicism , judaism , and protestantism , as well as various [[ eastern christianity | eastern orthodox ]] faiths , composed the religions of yugoslavia , comprising over 40 in all . the religious demographics of yugoslavia changed dramatically since world war ii . a census taken in 1921 and later
674434093 1 ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) , once spelled and called " jugoslavia ' ' " , was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn
686837499 3 ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . first cracks in the tightly governed system surfaced when students of the [[ university of belgrade ]] and several other cities joined the worldwide [[ protests of 1968 ]] . president josip broz tito gradually stopped the protests by giving in to some of the students ' demands
702550312 4 indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia ]] . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the original western border left a population of half a million [[ south slavs
43 of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy ]] . partisan leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again as the [[ socialist
702550622 11 of the 19th century . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia ]] was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the serbian parliament in exile and the serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the
13 jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the serbian parliament ]] in exile and the serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia
15 the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the serbian parliament in exile and the serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the yugoslav ]] royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width =
702589142 81 and " slaveni " ( [[ slavs ]] ) . [[ yugoslavia ]] was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the [[ serbian parliament ]] in exile and the [[ serbian ]] royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the [[ yugoslav ]] royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main
85 corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the [[ serbian parliament ]] in exile and the [[ serbian ]] royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the [[ yugoslav ]] royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width =
716053999 3 multi - party elections in 1990 . slovenia and croatia held the elections in april since their communist parties chose to cede power peacefully . other yugoslav republics – especially serbia were more or less dissatisfied with the democratisation in two of the republics and proposed different sanctions ( e . g . serbian " customs tax " for slovenian products )
725921112 2 yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn
729316827 0 indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the original western border left a population of half a million [[ south slavs ]] < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " >
743994176 0 repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " protest in the 1970s was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced . tito , whose home republic was
1 under tito ' s rule , though nationalist protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers
762526013 0 in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category : former slavic countries ]] [[ category : former monarchies ]] [[ category : southeastern europe ]] [[ category : history of yugoslavia | ]]
764872509 0 ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on 17 april , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending 11 eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : /
772700942 1 emblem {{ small | ( 1963 - 1992 ) }} | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = general location of yugoslavia over the years . | | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | national _ motto = ' ' [[ brotherhood and unity | bratstvo i jedinstvo ]] ' ' < br / > {{
773505358 0 an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognised state . kosovo is not a member of the [[ united nations ]] , but [[ international recognition of kosovo | 109 115 states ]] , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognised kosovo as an independent nation . = = = yugosphere = =
776667415 0 ; this identifier is commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = notes = = {{ reflist | group = lower - roman }} = = references = = {{ reflist | 30em }} * {{ loc }} - [ http
778242726 0 million serbs ( 20 % of the total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian communist leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . after tato ' s death , milosevic made his way to becoming the next superior figure and political official for serbia . < ref name = " : 0 " > {{ cite book | title = the world transformed 1945 to the present | last = hunt | first = michael | publisher = oxford university press | year = 2014 | isbn = 9780193371020 | location = new york | pages = 522 }} < / ref > other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of [[ greater serbia ]] n hegemonism . through a series of moves known as the "
779365160 0 serbs ( 20 % of the total serbian population ) living outside serbia . serbian communist leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . after tato tito ' s death , milosevic made his way to becoming the next superior figure and political official for serbia . < ref name = " : 0 " > {{ cite
781116889 0 united nations law | chapter = participation of former yugoslav states in the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > in 2000 , milosevic was trailed prosecuted for the atrocities he committed and partook in during his ten - year ruling in serbia and the yugoslavia war . < ref name = " : 0 " / >
785635499 2 ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag or slavic tricolor ]] , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . = = the 1948 yugoslavia - soviet split = = {{ further information | tito –
794643300 0 executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognised borders " , leading to the [[ ten - day war ]] . as slovenia and croatia  fights & nbsp ; fights towards independence ,  the serbian and croatian forces indulged into a violent and perilous rivalry . < ref name = " : 0 " / > the [[ yugoslav people '
803070658 0 ; this identifier is commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ women in yugoslavia ]] = = notes = = {{ reflist | group = lower - roman }} = = references = = {{ reflist | 30em }} * {{ loc }} - [ http
812935913 0 nationalism , yugoslavia [[ breakup of yugoslavia | broke up ]] along its republics ' borders , at first into five countries , leading to the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . from 1993 to 2017 , the [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] tried political and military leaders from the former yugoslavia for war crimes , genocide and other crimes . after the breakup , the republics of [[ republic of serbia ( 1992 – 2006 ) | serbia ]] and [[ republic of montenegro ( 1992 – 2006 ) | montenegro
845947337 0 ]] , but [[ international recognition of kosovo | 115 states ]] , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognised kosovo as an independent nation a sovereign state . = = = yugosphere = = = in 2009 , ' ' [[ the economist ]] ' ' coined the term ' ' yugosphere ' ' to describe the present
group 39
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
298091 2 led to some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . for more information about the current situation in yugoslavia the balkan was unified under the name of the socialist federal republic of [[ yugoslavia , see [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , the name under which the republic is currently officially recognised by the [[ united states ]] . < b > [[ country
28292 1 kosovo ]] still uncertain . because there were large ethnic minorities within the various countries ( serbian regions in croatia and bosnia , croatian in bosnia , albanian in serbia and macedonia f . y . r . o . m . , hungarian in serbia ) , this led to some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]]
73806 3 the status of [[ kosovo ]] still uncertain . because there were large ethnic minorities within the various countries ( serbian regions in croatia and bosnia , croatian in bosnia , albanian [[ albanians | albanians ]] in serbia and f . y . r . o . m . , hungarian in serbia ) , this led to some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia ]]
5 the various countries ( serbian regions in croatia and bosnia , croatian in bosnia , albanian in serbia and f . y . r . o . m . , hungarian ]] in serbia ) , this led to some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) .
823595 3 ' ' ' has been a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] and renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia in [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( petar ii [[ karadjordjevic ]] was
10 slovenes ]] and renamed kingdom of yugoslavia in [[ 1929 ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( petar ii [[ karadjordjevic ]] was the last king ) under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries , chose a course independent
1254221 0 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to 1992 . * [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | republic of rump yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1992 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] ,
1 1918 to [[ 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to 1941 . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist republic of yugoslavia ]] , which existed from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1992 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' serbia and the republic of macedonia , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] in serbia ) , this was used as the cause for some bloody wars ( [[ history of slovenia
1338233 5 socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , although they accepted it as constituting a state . this situation is now resolved , with the admission of the federal republic of yugoslavia to the united nations in [[ 2000 ]] . in [[ 2002 ]] , serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued co - operation , which , among other changes , promised the end of yugoslavia . on february 4 , 2003
5415837 0 ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( which includes provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] .
8778698 8 in autumn 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milosevic ]] rejected all such proposals with an argument that all serbs should live in the [[ greater serbia | same country ]] . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia - herzegovina , albeit only two out of three
9341361 0 [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( which includes including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed
1 ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( which includes provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[
10034644 2 should live in the same country . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia and herzegovina , albeit only two out of the three constitutive peoples of bh did so , the [[ bosniaks | bosnian which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims ]] and croats . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia
10037034 0 ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia fyrom ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' '
10068403 0 ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' '
13197885 5 years of peace , in [[ 1998 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months ( see [[ kosovo war ]] ) . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from
13337323 0 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[
22089515 0 this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' '
22506196 1 republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . slovenia , and croatia and macedonia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] . bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in the same year ; this vote was boycotted by the
22506285 0 these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence , but no war erupted there , and nato observers were placed at its northern border . bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early [[ 1992 ]] ; this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb minority there , which advocated continued union with
22785116 29 kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesi & # 263 ; ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnov & # 353 ; ek drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia ( [[ bogi & # 263 ; bogi & # 263 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] )
22885048 0 this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' '
23090340 0 this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' '
23092132 0 this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' '
23092723 0 this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' '
23101479 0 this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' '
25682758 8 [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] ( republics ) ; * [[ vojvodina ]] and * * [[ kosovo ]] [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ( autonomous provinces ) . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] are part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the
25683008 1 constituent republics and two autonomous province . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions
2 republics and two autonomous province . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ ' ' ' in 1974 montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited
3 autonomous province . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and and * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]]
26256919 1 was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2001 ]] , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia
26257312 0 was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2001 ]] , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia
30274718 1 [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ albania ]] , and others occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] s organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of
30298958 3 [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were returned to [[ albania ]] , and others occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] s organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of
34035074 6 day it remains unclear whether the majority was large enough . the republic ' s government declared its independence however , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska , and . the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of
35849849 0 fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia - and herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]]
39238987 1 it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect they rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992
47535806 1 january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , at which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | s . r . macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] (
47536688 0 ) ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , at which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia | s . r . slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | s . r . macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was
1 ' . this remained in place until [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , at which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia | s . r . croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | s . r . macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' '
51123816 21 the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , 2 . 8 million or 23 . 7 per cent were croats and slovenes ]] " . in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as possible
40 war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria
55508263 6 serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek drnovsek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia - hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts ,
55551088 5 serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovsek drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia - hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts ,
59611366 10 ) ' ' ' and was formed in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia
63517403 75 not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in serbia , bosnia - and herzegovina , macedonia and kosovo . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this
76 wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in serbia , bosnia - herzegovina ]] , macedonia and kosovo . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was
77 during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in serbia , bosnia - herzegovina , [[ republic of macedonia and kosovo . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was an
78 the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in serbia , bosnia - herzegovina , macedonia | macedonia ]] and kosovo . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was an critical
79 early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in serbia , bosnia - herzegovina , macedonia and [[ kosovo . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was an critical turning
63521475 112 in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia ]] , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek
113 an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , [[ montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]]
114 attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro ]] , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] )
115 to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , [[ kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) ,
116 get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - and metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia (
120 decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia - and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results
84126872 1 federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] and officially abolished
84138388 0 on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] and officially
1 the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] and officially abolished
84299894 5 loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro but and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = =
84305972 7 loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro but and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the should former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = =
92116483 0 of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and
98444550 0 language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several literary and spoken variants and was also the lingua - franca where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ serbian language ]] and to some extent
98746734 8 in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were ignored , though such decision should be supported by all bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] triumphantly , to delight
102669832 13 came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent
14 existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . during this time the independent state of
103590946 5 of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and
107864960 16 vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , [[ macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not
27 kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts
29 ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the
30 , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi
107899114 14 of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long
15 [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] ) , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long .
16 , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] , [[ slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] , [[ macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first
17 [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] ) , [[ macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi
18 , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election
19 [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ macedonia ]] ) and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results
31 serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the
32 montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party
33 kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , [[ croatia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the
149423470 0 language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia fyrm ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry
149423908 1 language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | fyrm macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]] . sfry
153272714 0 , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]]
175384122 0 during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december
175483361 0 during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december
175603505 0 during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december
175635726 1 , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december
176638633 0 europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia ]] [ fyrom ] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]]
176683431 0 europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [ fyrom ] [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]]
184109408 0 the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | fyr of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1
185792042 0 the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | fyr republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[
191900872 2 that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november
192069456 0 , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ( from sunday , february 17th , 2008 ) , [[ fyrom ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' '
192070886 1 * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] as of 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] was expected to declare declared its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 .
192073726 22 ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] on 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared was expected to declare its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 .
24 , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ( from sunday , february 17th , 2008 ) , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of
192075557 7 yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ( from february 17 , 2008 ) , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918
17 ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] on 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] was expected to declare was expected to declare its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 .
192129701 0 that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and , [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29
192233801 0 , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[
192354486 0 yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , [[ slovenia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29
192405403 1 once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash
192475540 1 countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash
192522600 1 [[ 2003 ]] ) , was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and the now independent [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially
192579883 1 countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash
192596895 1 the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' '
192632247 1 the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' '
192632677 0 , [[ 2003 ]] ) , was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the province of [[ vojvodina ]] and the now independent , [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially
193162210 0 june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally delcared independence from serbia , without permission of united nations further dividing the former country and ending yugoslavia altogether . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{
193344768 0 [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the region of [[ kosovo ]] has recently [[ 2008 kosovo declaration of independence | declared independence from serbia . if kosovo is recognized it will become the seventh country to be formed out of the former yugoslavia . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of
193396709 0 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally delcared declared independence from serbia , further dividing the former country and ending yugoslavia altogether . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }}
193894652 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] declared unilaterally declare independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of
193899901 4 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declare declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of
194084019 1 [[ 2003 ]] ) , was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the province of [[ vojvodina ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially abolished the name
194172419 0 [[ 2003 ]] ) , was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the province of [[ vojvodina ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially abolished the name
197289863 4 yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november
198579075 0 yugoslavia ( socialist republics ) are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] is also partially recognized as a new country . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[
199668448 0 june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared raped clara , declaring independence from serbia , an act not recognized by [[ serbia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the
199668490 0 june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo raped clara , declaring unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act not recognized by [[ serbia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the
203556024 3 of the [[ 20th century ]] . the former constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , now independent states , are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of serbia ]] and [[ macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a
16 20th century ]] . the former constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , now independent states , are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a partially recognized state which declared its independence in 2008 . it was not a socialist republic
206669188 1 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social
206671147 1 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall , social programmes had collapsed creating within the population an atmosphere of social
206808719 10 [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ macedonia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia
11 in europe , during most of the 20th century . the constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ macedonia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a partially
12 the 20th century . the constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ macedonia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a partially recognized state which declared its highly
13 the constituent socialist republics of yugoslavia , from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] and [[ macedonia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a partially recognized state which declared its highly disputed independence in 2008
14 socialist republics of yugoslavia , from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ macedonia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a partially recognized state which declared its highly disputed independence in 2008 . it was
15 of yugoslavia , from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr macedonia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a partially recognized state which declared its highly disputed independence in 2008 . it was not
16 from north to south , [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ macedonia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the secession of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name was the " [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( fry ) established on [[ march 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] ) . it was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining ( non - secessionist ) republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] , formerly an autonomous province of serbia , is a partially recognized state which declared its highly disputed independence in 2008 . it was not a socialist republic
26 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro ]] and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an
206810242 2 their independences , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on [[ february 18 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] unilaterally [[ 2008 kosovo declaration of independence | declared independence from serbia , an act fiercely opposed by serbia . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea
206813758 2 sr croatia ]] , [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr macedonia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of
3 [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining ( non - secessionist ) republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . it was renamed to the " [[ union of serbia and montenegro ]]
210766272 1 - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied
225041205 3 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences , the last indepedent state from " yugoslavia " and " state uninon of serbia and montenegro ]] " is kosovo on [[ 17 february ]] [[ 2008 ]] . thereby ending the last remnants of a yugoslav state . _ _ toc _ _ = = background =
4 , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences , the last indepedent state from " yugoslavia " and " state uninon of serbia and montenegro " is [[ kosovo on [[ 17 february ]] [[ 2008 ]] . thereby ending the last remnants of a yugoslav state . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{
231803887 19 [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | sap kosovo and metohija ]] , later simply [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | kosovo ]] ) and [[ sr macedonia ]] . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in
237570587 1 status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied
3 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg
244370322 0 an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | fyr republic of macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied
4 [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] image : flag of montenegro . svg | [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg
247935764 38 [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] image : flag of croatia . svg | [[ croatia ]] image : flag of macedonia . svg | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > [[ montenegro ]] image : flag of serbia . svg | [[ serbia ]] image : flag of slovenia . svg | [[ slovenia ]] image : flag of kosovo .
53 status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ republic of macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied
251007548 5 montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main |
251363174 1 montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed by serbia . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{
251599396 1 = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] {{ cro }} * [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) *
257767654 8 , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica . svg | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) ; * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ autonomous province
11 ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) ; * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in : 5a . {{ smaller | [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ]] , with the
257769716 4 is encircled with them ) . < center > < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina ]] bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia
7 gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia
20 flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia . svg republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag
21 of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | 40px | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia .
47 them ) . < center > < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of
281117483 1 is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian
284695040 16 republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) and countries [[ montenegro ]] . on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia
36 provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded to the status of a province ) , as well as the republics of bosnia & and herzegovina and montenegro , were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to
288705890 0 [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] and a [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary ,
288707824 0 [[ ustaše ]] that came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied [[ bosnia ( region ) | bosnia ]] a and [[ herzegovina ]] as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary ,
292035709 5 of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this
292754074 3 of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this
301452175 0 so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek
301452245 0 so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo ] ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek
325621246 7 montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main |
325697061 6 montenegro ]] , which officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its international recognition is , however , still in progress . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{
337768752 10 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] which were also equal members of the federation ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name yugoslavia was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on march 27 , 1992 . it was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining ( non - secessionist ) republics of [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) . on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië
337769485 10 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] which were also equal members of the federation ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name yugoslavia was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on march 27 , 1992 . it was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining ( non - secessionist ) republics of [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) . on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië
337859048 0 , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially a federal state known as the | federal republic of yugoslavia = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast
338545828 12 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state
13 , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] which were also equal members of the federation ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name yugoslavia was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on march 27 , 1992 . it was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining ( non - secessionist ) republics of [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) . on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state union
20 yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state
21 , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state union of serbia and montenegro
347158203 0 [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , modern day [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . the council reconvened on november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] and established the basis
441313646 110 were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed
111 paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating
113 of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair
114 sought to avoid bankruptcy . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this
115 . the largest concentrations of bankrupt firms and lay - offs were in [[ serbia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] . real earnings were in a free fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a
125 a serbian service by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] )
126 service by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia
138 serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on january 9 , 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina
139 a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on january 9 , 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " .
467907565 10 > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia and modern countries , members of the un : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro .
13 [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg |
468741070 1 end of world war ii . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ socialist republic of croatia | sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]]
2 . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina
3 republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ socialist republic of montenegro | sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[
4 provinces that made up the country were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ socialist republic of slovenia | sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo | kosovo ]]
5 country were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ socialist republic of serbia | sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo | kosovo ]] which after 1974 were largely
499509992 3 republic of yugoslavia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg |
542255901 0 / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of kosovo | the republic of kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg |
563179561 5 now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina , and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized the [[ 1989 kosovo miners ' strike
563180646 11 [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo , and montenegro during [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution # october 1988 : vojvodina : yogurt revolution | yogurt revolutions ]] . following the first multi - party election results , in
563181056 6 requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied . the republic ' s government declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska ' ' . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = timeline = = = various dates are considered the end of the socialist federal
563182107 4 april 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * 14 december 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina , and croatia = = new states = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | header = | image1 = map of
588344999 3 serbs ]] ( itself formed from territories of the former [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] ) liberated by serbian army , with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which united the and [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] five days previously , while the regions of [[ kosovo ]] , [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ vardar macedonia ]] were parts of serbia prior to
616888308 24 arm of the serbian government by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , montenegro , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] )
25 government by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , montenegro , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[
26 that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , montenegro , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek
30 , [[ kosovo ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but
31 ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his
622094154 32 official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 17 | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center
622094862 8 the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . in slovenia the recognized minorities were hungarians and italians . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo | kosovo - metohija ]] formed a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] but those provinces also formed part of the federation , which led to the unique situation that
15 , then - loyal montenegro , vojvodina , and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ kosovo albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized organised the [[ 1989 kosovo miners ' strike ]] , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at around 80 % of
702589142 50 [[ socialist republic of montenegro | sr montenegro ]] , [[ socialist republic of slovenia | sr slovenia ]] , and [[ socialist republic of serbia | sr serbia ]] . [[ serbia ]] contained two socialist autonomous provinces , [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | kosovo ]] , which after [[
722051153 1 its republics ' borders , at first into five countries , leading to the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . after the breakup , the republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ republic of montenegro ( 1992 – 2006 ) | montenegro ]] formed a reduced federation , the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) , which aspired to the status of sole [[ succession of states | legal
772700676 1 pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > fry was renamed to the ' ' ' state union of serbia and montenegro ' ' ' ]] in 2003 . serbia and montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in 2008 . = =
773148075 3 macedonia ]] , [[ socialist republic of montenegro | sr montenegro ]] , [[ socialist republic of slovenia | sr slovenia ]] , and [[ socialist republic of serbia | sr serbia slovenia ]] . serbia contained two socialist autonomous provinces , [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | kosovo ]] , which after
790079385 0 | yugoslavia succeeds to seven countries , which are [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , the [[ kosovo ]] and [[ former yugoslavia republic of macedonia ]] ( fyrom ) . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }}
3 yugoslavia succeeds to seven countries , which are [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] and [[ former yugoslavia republic of macedonia ]] ( fyrom ) . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија {{ ipa - sh |
824490818 1 1992 federation | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | the 1918 – 1941 / 43 kingdom | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] }} {{ distinguish | serbia and montenegro {{ ! }} | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }}
6 {st@rt} {{ for2 | the 1943 – 1992 federation | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | the 1918 – 1941 / 43 kingdom | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] }} {{ distinguish | serbia and montenegro {{ ! }} federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy
859418279 5 of yugoslavia ]] | the 1945 – 1992 socialist federation | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | the 1992 – 2006 federation and confederation between serbia and montenegro | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012
group 41
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
63136524 4 june 5th , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = during the early period of the world war one ( 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures ( [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]] , [[ ivan
63136659 0 june 5th , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 19th century | 19th ]] and early [[ 20th century ]] . as the ottoman empire
89610104 0 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = bojan micic is a faggot = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking
92351921 0 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against freedom movements among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased , and the idea of a union between them gained momentum . during the early period of world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . yeah = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] ,
92352043 0 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = yeah so = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against freedom movements among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased , and the idea of a union between them gained momentum . during the early period of world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire fled to london , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . . . = = = corfu agreement = = = during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20
95097441 2 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of
95139561 0 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking of croat
110042365 0 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = < nowiki > insert non - among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the o ' ' italic text ' ' [[ < math > formatted text here < / nowiki > = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking
110043742 2 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = < nowiki > insert non - among occupied southern slavs practiced by austrian and hungarian dictators . as the o ' ' italic text ' ' [[ < math > formatted text here < / nowiki > = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of ' '
123594294 0 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = heyyyyyyy gurllll = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking
123603849 0 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = heyyyyyyy gurllll = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking
149892312 0 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ see also | creation of yugoslavia }} = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of visionary thinking
702550695 0 broke up in [[ 2006 ]] and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in [[ 2008 ]] . = = background = = ' ' ' {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the concept of ' ' [[ yugoslavia ]] ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]]
702589142 66 broke up in [[ 2006 ]] and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in [[ 2008 ]] . = = background = = ' ' ' {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ' ' ' the concept of ' ' [[ yugoslavia ]] ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south slavs |
group 42
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
85539858 14 falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 broth boil and bubble ” : theories about the roots of the yugoslav troubles ’ , ' ' nationalities papers ' ' , vol . 32 , no . 4 , december 2004 , pp . 731 - 14 - 026101 - x = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]]
87847188 58 ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the
59 [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of [[ 1970 ]] - [[ 1971 ]] , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater [[ croatia ]] n autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest
70 of yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in [[ 1990 ]] - [[ 1991 ]] is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it
247526296 29 {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in
257731379 5 see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] is signed , limiting the military equipment of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia
259240376 2 of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image :
259242171 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | [[ republic of kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image :
259242478 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | [[ republic of kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image :
259243650 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image :
259244531 1 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of
259245639 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image :
259251217 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image :
259329143 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image :
259366819 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image :
278537504 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] * | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file :
278544650 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] * | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file :
283789847 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] * | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file :
283791997 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] * | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file :
284083371 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] * | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file :
284083531 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] * | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file :
284700151 0 croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 - 04 - 18 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia
286478601 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] * | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina | priština ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
286479250 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] * | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina | priština ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
290002272 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
290005591 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
290006455 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
290006870 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
290717669 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
300311752 0 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
300473210 5 serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 6 . [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center >
302327856 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
302398151 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
302580718 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > kosovo ' s [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence | independence ]] is disputed < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
302580861 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > kosovo ' s [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence | independence ]] is disputed < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
305003560 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
305203625 1 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > kosovo ' s [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence | independence ]] is disputed < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
306167207 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > kosovo ' s [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence | independence ]] is disputed < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
306806277 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > kosovo ' s [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence | independence ]] is disputed < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
310516021 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
310560555 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
311952372 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
311952892 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
314884067 9 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
314888561 9 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
315047149 9 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
315141168 9 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
315205975 9 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
316222467 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | - [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < \ / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
316944737 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
316946398 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
318046156 0 style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | 1 . [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[
1 = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina | - | 2 . [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center >
5 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr croatia coa . png | 40px ]] < center > | - | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia | - | 3 . [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
8 < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > *
11 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry montenegro | - | 5 . [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center >
322882643 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
323187437 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
324821063 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
324830770 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
328654912 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
328655241 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
336356271 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
336661834 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
336664421 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
337480691 10 size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
337480914 9 size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
339580101 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
339725475 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
340406380 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
340406644 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
340406837 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
340418355 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
343714607 0 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia
349729357 0 | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - style = " background : # efefef ; " | [[ kosovo ]] < ref name = " kosovo " / > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] < ref name = " kosovo " / > | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
349729437 0 | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - style = " background : # efefef ; " | [[ kosovo ]] < ref name = " kosovo " / > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] < ref name = " kosovo " / > | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
375032646 4 center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - style = " background : # efefef ; " | [[ kosovo ]] < ref name = " kosovo " / > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] < ref name = " kosovo " / > | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
383421016 0 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | - | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file :
387033766 0 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia
387034056 1 size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia
400599300 54 > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style =
55 ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
56 size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina
57 size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
58 size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
59 size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
60 size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
439457771 10 = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
441313646 28 {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = 25 september 1991 - 09 - 25 | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[
29 / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = 1991 - 09 - 25 | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 21 july 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming
39 article / worldnews / idustre49780c20081008 | title = u . n . backs serbia in judicial move on kosovo & # 124 ; international | publisher = reuters | date = 8 october 2008 - 10 - 08 | accessdate = 2009 - 07 - 20 }} < / ref > on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s independence
41 / / www . bbc . co . uk / news / world - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 22 july 2010 - 07 - 22 | publisher = bbc news | accessdate = 2010 - 07 - 23 }} < / ref > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties
42 - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 2010 - 07 - 22 | publisher = bbc news | accessdate = 23 july 2010 - 07 - 23 }} < / ref > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = {{ main | yugosphere }} the similarity of the languages
466554200 3 ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style =
4 size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
5 size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
6 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
9 size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] | - | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ kosovo ]] }} {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size
467907565 2 style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > de iure ]] symbols ) , gained [[ un ]] membership 1991 - 2000 : | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style =
5 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - republic of | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
467914600 6 flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file :
13 border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } modern countries , members of the un : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style =
468701811 23 center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > = = = yugosphere = = = | - | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file :
469728921 3 ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the republic of macedonia 1992 - 1995 . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia 1991 - 2009 . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | - | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file :
7 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
478217075 3 and influence . < ref > {{ cite web | title = former yugoslavia patches itself together : entering the yugosphere | publisher = [[ the economist ]] | date = 20 august 2009 - 08 - 20 | url = http : / / www . economist . com / node / 14258861 | accessdate = 2011 - 11 - 11 }} <
5 ac . uk / ecclblog / blogentry . aspx ? blogentryref = 7915 | publisher = the university of edinburgh school of law | author = ljubica spaskovska | date = 28 september 2009 - 09 - 28 | accessdate = 2011 - 11 - 11 }} < / ref > the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have
484501648 0 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] ( disputed ) < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[
499509992 4 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > former [[ | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
515298204 0 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > {{ flagicon | kosovo }} [[ kosovo ]] | - | } = = = succession = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics of serbia and montenegro , which
516176739 0 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > {{ flagicon | kosovo }} [[ kosovo ]] | - | } = = = succession = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics of serbia and montenegro , which
517568094 1 . ar / english / yugoslav - agreement - on - succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 14 june 2012 - 06 - 14 }} < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jstor . org / discover / 10 . 2307 / 20694208 ?
542254308 2 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
542255088 2 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of kosovo | the republic of kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center >
542264962 0 ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' declared date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' official state | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style =
8 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | june 25 , 1991 | july 7 , 1991 ( after the signing of the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | june 25 | - | } = = = succession , 1992 - 2003 = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics of serbia
547327217 11 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of " 6 " | - | 3 | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | style = "
14 | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > {{ sfry map | float = | - | 5 < br > 5a < br > 5b | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }}
18 | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file | - | 6 | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | style = "
36 socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 2 | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | style = "
39 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 3 | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | style = "
44 > [[ file : coat of arms of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 4 | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] , now [[ podgorica
47 style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry montenegro . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 5 < br > 5a < br > 5b | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }}
59 < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | } in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]] . the aim of the negotiations was to include
555747797 0 > ! ! < center > official state - recognized date of independence < center > ! ! < center > which date of independence is celebrated as a public holiday ? < center > used to celebrate independence | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia
739489397 0 : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file
739532294 0 : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file
786261304 0 http : / / www . un . org / en / member - states / | title = member states | publisher = united nations }} < / ref > ! public holiday used to celebrate independence | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms
788334299 1 : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn | 1 - 77007 - 031 - 1 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in
4 fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn | 1 - 4039 - 7286 - 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804
7 penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn | 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic
10 kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn | 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice
13 - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network ' ' berg , new york 2004 , isbn 1 - 85973 - 802 - 8 ; isbn | 1 - 85973 - 807 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain ,
16 - 9 * [[ lampe , john r ]] : ' ' yugoslavia as history : twice there was a country ' ' great britain , cambridge , 1996 , isbn | 0 - 521 - 46705 - 5 * malesevic , sinisa : ideology , legitimacy and the new state : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002
19 | roberts , walter r . ]] : ' ' tito , mihailovic , and the allies : 1941 – 1945 ' ' . duke university press , 1987 ; isbn | 0 - 8223 - 0773 - 1 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 – 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books
819821999 0 = | longm = | longew = | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = ' ' ' 1921 - 1945 : [[ serbo - croato - slovene ]] {{ ref label | scs | a | } } < ref name = " busch2004 " > {{ cite
847130150 1 of the kingdom of yugoslavia | himna kraljevine jugoslavije ]] " ( 1919 & ndash ; 1941 ) < br / > [[ file : himna kraljevine jugoslavije . ogg ]] kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) - - - - " [[ hey , slavs | hej , slaveni ]] " ( 1945 & ndash ; 1992 ) < br / > [[ file : united states
847130224 1 indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia ( 1929 & ndash ; 1992 ) < / small > - - - - kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent
847189388 3 = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes < small > ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) < / small > - - - - yugoslavia < small > ( 1929 & ndash ; 1992 ) < / small > | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia |
847902924 3 < br / > {{ nowrap | {{ small | {{ nobold | 1941 – 1945 : [[ yugoslav government - in - exile | government - in - exile ]] ( 1941 – 1945 ) - - - - " [[ hey , slavs | hej , slaveni ]] " ( 1945 & ndash ; 1992 ) < br / > [[ file : united states
848178566 3 = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes < small > ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) < / small > - - - - yugoslavia < small > ( 1929 & ndash ; 1992 ) < / small > | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia |
group 43
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
33163010 0 ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war , [[ misha glenny ]] isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in
44515412 0 [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / wwww www . southslavs . com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians
47183239 0 cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http - - [[ user : / / www . southslavs . com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech .
1 malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www 70 . southslavs . com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians
2 malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . southslavs 157 . com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the
3 – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . southslavs . com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ http 68 . 26 | 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 ]] 01 : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech
4 , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . southslavs . com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians 16 , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white
160655032 0 also 40 , 000 [[ roma ]] and 32 , 000 [[ jews ]] , ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jewishvirtuallibrary . org / jsource /
165062781 7 [[ jasenovac concentration camp modelled on similar institutions elsewhere ] < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . jasenovac concentration camp < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / < / ref > was established . immediate post - war propaganda
171642391 0 http : / / www . vrisak . info / index . php ? option = com _ content & task = view & id = 1910 & itemid = 2 < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism
184062418 7 ]] the enemies of the state . consequently , concentration camps such as jasenovac modelled on similar institutions in occupied europe where established . < ref > http : / / www en . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551
8 enemies of the state . consequently , concentration camps such as jasenovac modelled on similar institutions in occupied europe where established . < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac wikipedia . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / <
9 . consequently , concentration camps such as jasenovac modelled on similar institutions in occupied europe where established . < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / wiki / jasenovac . html < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . vrisak . info / index . php ? option = com _ content &
14 . consequently , concentration camps such as jasenovac modelled on similar institutions in occupied europe where established . < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / < / ref > . immediate post -
15 jasenovac modelled on similar institutions in occupied europe where established . < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / < / ref > . immediate post - war propaganda claimed that between 300 , 000 and 700 , 000 people perished in this [[ genocide | jasenovac concentration camp ]] ( supervised directly by the [[ ustasha ]] wartime politicians such as [[ ante pavelic ]] ) ; the victims being overwhelmingly of [[ serbs | serbian origin ]] , but also 40 , 000 [[ romani people ]] and 32 , 000 jews . however , subsequent research has determined those figures to be grossly over - inflated and that the real numbers amounted to c . 60000 to 70000 in total ( bespuća povijesne zbiljnosti ( 1989 . ) ( izvorno izvješće zemaljske komisije hrvatske ( 1946 . ) ) - of all nationalities from former yugoslavia . < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jewishvirtuallibrary . org / jsource / holocaust / jasenovac . html < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . vrisak . info / index . php ? option = com _ content &
284695040 29 , were murdered in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > [[ croats ]] oposing its ideas / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav
78 camp ]] . a large number of men , women and children , jews , serbs , and croat resistance members , were murdered in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav
394554278 3 muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com < ref name = " atheism . about . com " / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed
6 ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . < ref > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > = = = government = = = on 7 april 1963 , the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[
404877640 3 the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver www . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] . < / ref > the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not
4 union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com pobjeda . me / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] . < / ref > the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before
5 with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application citanje . php ? datum = 2010 - 12 - 17 & id = 197069 crna gora od danas kandidat ] . < / ref > the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement
441313646 54 hi / special _ report / 1998 / kosovo / 110492 . stm | title = history , bloody history | publisher = [[ bbc news ]] | date = march 24 , 1999 | accessdate = december 29 , 2010 }} < / ref > ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the
55 / kosovo / 110492 . stm | title = history , bloody history | publisher = [[ bbc news ]] | date = march 24 , 1999 | accessdate = december 29 , 2010 }} < / ref > ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the
151 / worldnews / idustre49780c20081008 | title = u . n . backs serbia in judicial move on kosovo & # 124 ; international | publisher = reuters | date = 2008 - 10 - 08 | accessdate = 2009 - 07 - 20 }} < / ref > on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s independence was not illegal . <
468701811 30 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s independence was not illegal . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . bbc economist . co . uk / news / world - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 22 july 2010 | publisher
31 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s independence was not illegal . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . bbc . co com / node / 14258861 | accessdate = 2011 - 11 - 11 }} < / ref > < ref > {{ cite web | title = the ' yugo - sphere ' | url = http : / / www . law . ed . ac . uk / news / world - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 22 july 2010 | publisher = bbc
35 / / www . bbc . co . uk / news / world - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 22 july 2010 | publisher = bbc news 2009 - 09 - 28 | accessdate = 23 july 2010 }} < / ref > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = {{ main | yugosphere }} the similarity of the
36 / world - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 22 july 2010 | publisher = bbc news | accessdate = 23 july 2010 2011 - 11 - 11 }} < / ref > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = {{ main | yugosphere }} the similarity of the languages and the long history of
478217075 26 . uk / ecclblog / blogentry . aspx ? blogentryref = 7915 | publisher = the university of edinburgh school of law | author = ljubica spaskovska | date = 2009 - 09 - 28 | accessdate = 2011 - 11 - 11 }} < / ref > the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the
537097237 2 / ref > from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the [[ united states ]] , referred to the fry as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref name = " serbia and montenegro " > 1999 [[ cia ]] [[ world factbook ]] : [ http : / / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia
5 [[ united nations security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . < ref > {{ cite book | url = http : " mpil . de " / / www . mpil . de / shared / data / pdf / pdfmpunyb / wood _ 1 . pdf | title = max planck yearbook of united nations law
9 ref > from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the united states , referred to the federal republic of yugoslavia as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref > 1999 [[ cia ]] [[ world factbook ]] : [ http : name = " serbia and montenegro " / / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > the state was finally officially renamed
10 security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . < ref > {{ cite book | url = http : / / www . mpil . de / shared / data / pdf / pdfmpunyb / wood _ 1 . pdf | title = max planck yearbook of united nations law | chapter = participation of former yugoslav states in the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of
12 , referred to the federal republic of yugoslavia as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref > 1999 [[ cia ]] [[ world factbook ]] : [ http : / / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > the state was finally officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . in april 2001 , the five successor states drafted and in june 2001 they signed an
551604287 2 yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html ] {{ dead link | date = april 2013 }} < / ref > = = world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 150px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]]
4 name = " atheism . about . com " > http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm | title = yugoslavia - religious demographics | publisher = atheism . about . com | date = 2009 - 12 - 16 | accessdate = 2013 - 04 - 22 }} < / ref > after the rise of communism , a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the total population of yugoslavia considered themselves to be
594475714 15 forced to convert to catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | serbians ]] but included 37 , 000 jews . < ref > {{ cite web | url = < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher =
620300269 3 {{ cite book | author1 = arnold and wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http : / / books . google . com " / books ? id = xrd6y - oifpac & pg = pa216 | year = 2012 | | page = 216 }} < / ref > { | class = "
4 cite book | author1 = arnold and wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xrd6y - oifpac & pg = pa216 | year = 2012 | | page = 216 }} < / ref > { | class = " wikitable " | - ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center >
686237393 1 . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . < ref > {{ cite book | url = http https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xcp7oxqe0fmc & pg = pa624 | title = the balkans since 1453 | page = 624 }} <
2 < ref > {{ cite book | author1 = james r . arnold | author2 = roberta wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xrd6y - oifpac & pg = pa216 | date = january 2012 | publisher = abc - clio
3 = " books . google . com " > {{ cite book | author1 = arnold and wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xrd6y - oifpac & pg = pa216 | year = 2012 | | page = 216 }} <
4 cite book | author1 = john o . iatrides | author2 = linda wrigley | title = greece at the crossroads : the civil war and its legacy | url = http https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = vv1t3d _ 3vjkc & pg = pa267 | year = 2004 | publisher = penn state university press
5 marshall plan . < ref > {{ cite book | author = john r . lampe | title = yugoslav - american economic relations since world war ii | url = http https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = epmof1l0ibac & pg = pa28 | year = 1990 | publisher = duke university press | pages =
6 and legitimation , 1918 – 2005 | publisher = indiana university press | location = bloomington | isbn = 978 - 0 - 253 - 34656 - 8 | url = http https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = ftw3leqi2 - oc & printsec = frontcover | ref = harv }} * [[ walter roberts ( writer
715895448 0 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm | title = orderofdanilo . org | publisher = }} < / ref > the country was named after the [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] and constituted their first union , following centuries in which the territories had
1 - on - succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 14 june 2012 }} < / ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . dipublico . com . ar / english / yugoslav - agreement - on - succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement
2 succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 14 june 2012 }} < / ref > < ref > < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . jstor . org / discover / 10 . 2307 / 20694208 ? uid = 3738200 & uid = 2129 & uid = 2 & uid
3 discover / 10 . 2307 / 20694208 ? uid = 3738200 & uid = 2129 & uid = 2 & uid = 70 & uid = 4 & sid = 21100853300901 | title = agreement on succession issues between the five successor states of the former state of yugoslavia | publisher = }} < / ref > marking an important transition in its history , the federal republic of yugoslavia was officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . = = =
730832904 2 | yugoslavia }} {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} {{ eb1922 poster }} * {{ wikiatlas | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info % 2dinfo / maps / maps ] * {{ cite americana | wstitle = jugoslavia | author = milivoy s . stanoyevich | short = x }} * [ https : / /
3 wiktionary | yugoslavia }} {{ eb1922 poster }} * {{ wikiatlas | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / / maps ] * {{ cite americana | wstitle = jugoslavia | author = milivoy s . stanoyevich | short = x }} * [ https : / / books .
736681850 1 * {{ wikiatlas | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / web . archive . org / web / 20120212164932 / http : / / www . ohr . int : 80 / ohr % 2dinfo / maps / maps ] * {{ cite americana | wstitle = jugoslavia | author = milivoy s . stanoyevich | short = x }} * [
772834084 0 to attack yugoslavia on 6 april 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > [ http : / / arquivo . pt / wayback / 20091015085557 / http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941
1 . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html ] {{ dead link | date = april 2013 }} < / ref > = = world war ii = = {{ main article | world war ii in yugoslavia }} [[ file : stjepan stevo filipović . jpg | thumb
779051324 0 = a history of the global economy . from 1500 to the present . | date = 2016 | publisher = cambridge university press | page = 64 | isbn = 9781107507180 978 - 1 - 107 - 50718 - 0 }} < / ref > at the same time , western economies went into recession , decreasing demand for yugoslavian imports , creating a large debt problem . in 1989 ,
788065589 0 ]] ! [[ flag ]] ! [[ coat of arms ]] ! declared date of independence ! [[ united nations ]] membership < ref > {{ cite web | url = http https : / / www . un . org / en / member - states / | title = member states | publisher = united nations }} < / ref > |
792851831 3 yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html ] < / ref > = = world war ii = = {{ main article | world war ii in yugoslavia }} [[ file : stjepan stevo filipović . jpg | thumb
801323312 0 | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 14 june 2012 }} < / ref > < ref > {{ cite web | url = http https : / / www . jstor . org / discover / 10 . 2307 / 20694208 ? uid = 3738200 & uid = 2129 & uid = 2 & uid =
1 ( harvest book ) , 1997 * pavlowitch , steven . ' ' hitler ' s new disorder : the second world war in yugoslavia ' ' ( 2008 ) [ http https : / / www . amazon . com / hitlers - new - disorder - yugoslavia - columbia / dp / 0231700504 / excerpt and text search ] * {{ cite
810322391 1 yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html | title = april 6 : germany invades yugoslavia and greece | website = arquivo . pt }} < / ref > = = world war ii = = {{ main article | world war ii in yugoslavia }} [[ file : stjepan stevo filipović . jpg | thumb
818985113 0 cite web | url = http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm | title = orderofdanilo . org | publisher = | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20090516203805 / http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm | archivedate = 16 may 2009 | df = dmy - all }} < / ref > the country was named after the [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] and constituted their first union , following centuries in which the territories
1 profile 2001 | url = http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20110928025829 / http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | archivedate = 28 september 2011 | df = dmy - all }} < / ref > [[ serbia and montenegro ]] themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in 2008 . = =
2 / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html | title = april 6 : germany invades yugoslavia and greece | website = arquivo . pt | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = http : / / arquivo . pt / wayback / 20091015085557 / http % 3a / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html | archivedate = 15 october 2009 | df = dmy - all }} < / ref > = = world war ii = = {{ main article | world war ii in yugoslavia }} [[ file : stjepan stevo filipović . jpg |
6 april 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / arquivo . pt / wayback / 20091015085557 / http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941
846351997 2 - on - succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 14 june 2012 }} < / ref > < ref name = " successor agreement " > / ref > marking an important transition in its history , the federal republic of yugoslavia was officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . according to the succession
847903009 0 web . archive . org / web / 20000816214535 / http : / / www . cia . gov : 80 / cia / publications / factbook / sr . html | title = cia - - the world factbook 1999 - - serbia and montenegro | date = 16 august 2000 | publisher = }} < / ref > in april 2001 , the five successor states extant at the time drafted an agreement on succession issues , signing the agreement in june 2001 . <
1 | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 14 june 2012 }} < / ref > < ref name = " successor agreement " > {{ cite web | url = https : / / www . jstor . org / discover / 10 . 2307 / 20694208 ? uid = 3738200 & uid = 2129 & uid = 2 & uid
853814420 0 htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > as they viewed its claim to yugoslavia ' s successorship as illegitimate . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . cia . gov : 80 / cia / publications / factbook / sr . html | archive - url = https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20000816214535 / http : / / www . cia . gov : 80 / cia / publications / factbook
856614869 0 archive - date = 16 august 2000 | title = cia - - the world factbook 1999 - - serbia and montenegro | date = 16 august 2000 | publisher = | access - date = 26 august 2018 | df = dmy - all }} < / ref > in april 2001 , the five successor states extant at the time drafted an agreement on succession issues , signing the agreement in june 2001 .
1 sr . html | archive - url = https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20000816214535 / http : / / www . cia . gov : 80 / cia / publications / factbook / sr . html | dead - url = yes | archive - date = 16 august 2000 | title = cia - - the
857748479 2 _ flag2 = [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( 1918 – 1941 ) < | symbol _ type = top : [[ coat of arms of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < small > br / > bottom : flag ( 1945 – 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of
group 44
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
49653 0 {st@rt} [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] the federal republic of yugoslavia is a country in southeastern europe , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as a [[ monarchy ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became
74642 0 {st@rt} [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] yugoslaviamap . png < table align = " right " > < tr > < td > [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png ]] < / tr > < / td > < tr > < td > < i > fig . 1 - current map of yugoslavia < / i > < / tr > < / td > < / table > the federal republic of yugoslavia is a country in southeastern europe , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as a [[ monarchy ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became
187236 0 {st@rt} [[ eo : jugoslavio ]] [[ pl : jugos % b3awia ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a country in southeastern europe , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as a [[ monarchy ]] . after [[
689653 2 yougoslavie ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > until 4th february , [[ 2003 the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' has been a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom
3 ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > until 4th february , 2003 ]] the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' has been a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of
904667 12 , serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued co - operation , which , among other changes , promised the end of yugoslavia . on february 4 , [[ 2003 the federal parliament of yugoslavia dissolved the country and agreed to create a loose [[ commonwealth ]] of the remaining two states within a union . the new union of
904670 2 and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued co - operation , which , among other changes , promised the end of yugoslavia . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] the federal parliament of yugoslavia dissolved the country and agreed to create a loose [[ commonwealth ]] of the remaining two states within a union . the new union
1212343 0 " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > until [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] the ' ' ' federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' existed as a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] . yugoslavia formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of
1213973 2 ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' - article on the republic , 1963 to 1991 1992 . * [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1991 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia '
1288560 6 serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , from 1918 to [[ 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to 1941 . ]] * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist yugoslavia ]] , which existed from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1992 ]] , under names : * * ' ' '
7 and slovenes ' ' ' , from 1918 to [[ 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to 1941 . * [[ socialist democratic federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist yugoslavia ]] , which existed from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1992 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia
10 , from 1945 to [[ 1946 ]] , * * ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to 1992 . * [[ serbia and montenegro | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1992 , under names
20 of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to 1992 . * [[ serbia and montenegro | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1992 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' ' , from 2003 onward .
1298298 8 [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * by [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1946 ]] , * [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]]
9 of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] from 1929 to [[ 1941 ]] * [[ axis powers ]] . the second was a [[ communist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] under the name ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1946 ]] , * [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] ,
14 [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] , from [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1946 ]] , * [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1963 to [[ 1992 ]] * federal republic of yugoslavia , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * [[ serbia and montenegro
1984488 0 which in [[ 1946 ]] changed its name to the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and again in [[ 1963 ]] to the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , under which it existed until [[ 1991 ]] - [[ 1992 ]] when four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] ,
1984503 5 six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . as a result a federation named called the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , which in [[ 2003 ]] remade
2957603 4 republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * a federation called the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed in [[ 1991 ]] between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[
4117764 0 ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1991 ]] between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in
8640465 4 operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia officially ceased to exist on [[ april 28 ]] , 1992 , when the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed
15243372 0 by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) '
22506196 10 way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " in early 1992 . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the socialist
22506688 3 htm ] the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " in early 1992 . various dates are considered as the end of = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the socialist
4 1992 . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] : * the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia officially ceased to exist on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry )
38616779 0 national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : tito . marshall . post - war . j . j . . jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc | eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own internal constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was tito as president ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was victim of a dubious traffic incident . minister of the interior aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in the case of [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in 1986 that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . in the 1980s , the albanians were the largest ethnic group in kosovo with over 90 % of the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kucan ]] had since 1986 been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it on a collision course with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed suit . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , favored democratisation and economic liberalization , but were voted down . as a result , the slovene and croatian delegations left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march 1990 , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia - hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march , 1991 , the so - called [[ plitvice bloody easter ]] incident was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , the yugoslav people ' s army took armed action , leading to a ten - day war , marking the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . at the end of the ten days , the yugoslav army was defeated , and pulled out of slovenia . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions , with the aid of the yugoslav army , fought the forces of the republic of croatia . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbo - montenegrin border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ imoro ]] ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[
38641857 0 national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : tito . marshall . post - war . j . j . . jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc | eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own internal constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was tito as president ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was victim of a dubious traffic incident . minister of the interior aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in the case of [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in 1986 that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . in the 1980s , the albanians were the largest ethnic group in kosovo with over 90 % of the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kucan ]] had since 1986 been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it on a collision course with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed suit . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , favored democratisation and economic liberalization , but were voted down . as a result , the slovene and croatian delegations left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march 1990 , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia - hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march , 1991 , the so - called [[ plitvice bloody easter ]] incident was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , the yugoslav people ' s army took armed action , leading to a ten - day war , marking the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . at the end of the ten days , the yugoslav army was defeated , and pulled out of slovenia . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions , with the aid of the yugoslav army , fought the forces of the republic of croatia . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbo - montenegrin border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ imoro ]] ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[
43281992 0 * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) * march 11 , 2005 , the death of slobodan milošević in the hague whilst facing trials for war crimes and crimes against humanity . cause still unknown . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[
43285026 0 * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) * march 11 , 2005 , the death of slobodan milošević in the hague whilst facing trials for war crimes and crimes against humanity . cause still unknown . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[
43653211 0 previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : tito . marshall . post - war . j . j . . jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc | eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own internal constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was tito as president ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was victim of a dubious traffic incident . minister of the interior aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in the case of [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in 1986 that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by 1999 they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kucan ]] had since 1986 been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it on a collision course with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed suit . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , favored democratisation and economic liberalization , but were voted down . as a result , the slovene and croatian delegations left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march 1990 , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslavenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia - hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march , 1991 , the [[ plitvice bloody easter ]] incident was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , the yugoslav people ' s army took armed action , leading to a ten - day war , marking the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . at the end of the ten days , the yugoslav army was defeated , and pulled out of slovenia . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions fought the forces of the republic of croatia with the aid of the yugoslav army . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbo - montenegrin border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ imoro ]] ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all three nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were ignored , though such decision should be supported by all bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[
43653311 1 previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] s organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croat ]] - [[ slovenian people | slovenian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against nla . after the allies realised that the chetniks were helping the germans they ceased to support them . the german response to the resistance movement was to punish the civilian population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . italian occupying forces also committed many atrocities ( cf . [[ italian war crimes ]] ) . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew | jews ]] , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : tito . marshall . post - war . j . j . . jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the serbo - croat of bosnia and montenegro altered to a form based on the speech of the local people and not on the standards of zagreb and belgrade . [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] form a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc | eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic and province had its own internal constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was tito as president ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezić krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was victim of a dubious traffic incident . minister of the interior aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in the case of [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in 1986 that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by 1999 they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kucan ]] had since 1986 been following a course of democratisation and economic liberalisation , which put it on a collision course with milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed suit . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , favored democratisation and economic liberalization , but were voted down . as a result , the slovene and croatian delegations left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march 1990 , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslavenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia - hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march , 1991 , the [[ plitvice bloody easter ]] incident was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , the yugoslav people ' s army took armed action , leading to a ten - day war , marking the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . at the end of the ten days , the yugoslav army was defeated , and pulled out of slovenia . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic serbs , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions fought the forces of the republic of croatia with the aid of the yugoslav army . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbo - montenegrin border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( see [[ imoro ]] ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all three nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were ignored , though such decision should be supported by all bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[
44309697 2 , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in 1992 on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous
45951689 0 * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) i like dick = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[
46021189 2 * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) i like dick = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[
49154099 0 yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and then the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' '
59611366 7 federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) and then the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . ' ' ' * the third was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) '
63522014 0 april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] ,
66041577 1 and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) ö = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]]
66043842 1 and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) ö = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]]
68011126 0 by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945 ]] as the succesor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia . it existed under various names . proclaimed as the ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' in [[ 1943 ]] it changed its name to the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' in [[ 1946 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] it would again change its name to the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry ) was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29
80313028 32 well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image : ante marković . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ ante marković ]] ]] in [[ 1989 ]] [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the yugoslavian federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy
80313856 14 well as unification with [[ albania ]] . [[ image : ante marković . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ ante marković ]] ]] in [[ 1989 ]] yugoslavian [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepared the imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy
83862003 23 ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' in [[ 1946 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] it would again change its name to the ' ' ' " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry ) and would exist under this name until its death following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . the declaration
50 [[ yugoslav wars ]] . the declaration of independence and secession by most of the constituent republics of sfry led to the formation of a federation named the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of
84665400 1 }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} {{ legend | # c00000 | kosovo }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries , listed in the next paragraphs . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests , fueled and icited by external supporters of the break - up between the republics , had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . the collapse of yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in [[ 1990 ]] - [[ 1991 ]] is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration of yugoslavia . the fundamental cause of the yugoslav collapse was not an economic crisis . this was barely a pretext used by social groups in yugoslavia and their tutors in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration " which inevitably led to disastrous war and hundreds of thousands of innocent people being murdered in order to save the face of dying and collapsing capitalism . many [[ europe | european ]] governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ central europe | central ]] [[ europe ]] at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states eager to gain " independence " for [[ slovenia ]] and [[ croatia ]] ; on the other side was the [[ united states ]] , eager only to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and " globalised " its political economy through " shock therapy " in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . whether decimated or not . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , us , more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 - 90 the vatican was openly championing independence for slovenia and croatia . {{ fact }} the real goal of austrian policy was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " ' ' saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion ' ' " . in the summer of 1991 the [[ european council ]] was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did not stop austrian efforts . the [[ hungary | hungarian ]] government of [[ józsef antall ]] , elected in the spring of 1990 , adopted a policy very much in line with that of austria , but with additional hungarian goals [[ vis - à - vis ]] serbia ' s [[ vojvodina ]] province . {{ fact }} these manoeuvres by austria and hungary to break up yugoslavia were , of course , then overshadowed by the [[ germany | german ]] government ' s drive to derecognise yugoslavia through giving recognition to slovenia and croatia . the german government ' s open championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did not occur until the late spring of 1991 , but long before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from [[ bonn ]] for their efforts . germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost hundred billions of us dollars in the name of wwii reparations . it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first , when jugoslav president tito offered germany to repay the debt when it recovers from the repaying other countries , and then when germans realised that if jugoslavia disappears , germany could finance , otherwise disastrous , re - unification with east germany . if jugoslavia did not breakup , germany would not have been able to finance its own re - union . there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . {{ fact }} this campaign on the surface , was not supported by the united states , which championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of " shock therapy " on the country as a whole via the imf . as they always did , they kept the posture of trying to help , when in the background , through their vasals , us was pushing hard for the breakup , looking greedily at real estate and strategic positions around the country , along the long ago proposed highway to turkey . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many so - called " experts " would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . nothing could have been further from the truth , as the stellar growth and rapid industrialisation have demonstrated . so external enemies had to play through the system in order to destabilise the country and make it look like it was crumbling under its own problems . economy and the political system , being socialist one , were the great excuses for imperialist capitalism . the [[ 1974 ]] constitution , though better for the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . in 1990 - 1991 , then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia had been dispossessed of its attributes of statehood by the new 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government could not take nor carry out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council , they even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , < ref > [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy ]] < / ref > ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to ever increasing violence of albanians against serbian population , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . far cry from the days when it was the other way around , not even hundred years ago . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners {{ fact }} , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was rightly ordered by the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the most time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia as to devolve power even more to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia , further seeking to provoke the jna into declaring a [[ state of emergency ]] , proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9th ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on [[ june 25th ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare illegal [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian people ' s defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian flag ]] . following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . recently the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their illegal independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting the serbs from new and illegal croatian army disguised as police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence illegaly , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all three nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were ignored , though such decision should be supported by all bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] triumphantly , to delight of the countries and enemies of jugoslavia that worked so hard towards its destuction , declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its illegal independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]]
84674003 1 }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} {{ legend | # c00000 | kosovo }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries , listed in the next paragraphs . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests , fueled and icited by external supporters of the break - up between the republics , had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . the collapse of yugoslavia was the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in [[ 1990 ]] - [[ 1991 ]] is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration of yugoslavia . the fundamental cause of the yugoslav collapse was not an economic crisis . this was barely a pretext used by social groups in yugoslavia and their tutors in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration " which inevitably led to disastrous war and hundreds of thousands of innocent people being murdered in order to save the face of dying and collapsing capitalism . many [[ europe | european ]] governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ central europe | central ]] [[ europe ]] at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states eager to gain " independence " for [[ slovenia ]] and [[ croatia ]] ; on the other side was the [[ united states ]] , eager only to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and " globalised " its political economy through " shock therapy " in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . whether decimated or not . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , us , more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 - 90 the vatican was openly championing independence for slovenia and croatia . {{ fact }} the real goal of austrian policy was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " ' ' saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion ' ' " . in the summer of 1991 the [[ european council ]] was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did not stop austrian efforts . the [[ hungary | hungarian ]] government of [[ józsef antall ]] , elected in the spring of 1990 , adopted a policy very much in line with that of austria , but with additional hungarian goals [[ vis - à - vis ]] serbia ' s [[ vojvodina ]] province . {{ fact }} these manoeuvres by austria and hungary to break up yugoslavia were , of course , then overshadowed by the [[ germany | german ]] government ' s drive to derecognise yugoslavia through giving recognition to slovenia and croatia . the german government ' s open championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did not occur until the late spring of 1991 , but long before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from [[ bonn ]] for their efforts . germany was only happy to help disappearance of the country it still owed almost hundred billions of us dollars in the name of wwii reparations . it was the money that helped germany to be born twice . first , when jugoslav president tito offered germany to repay the debt when it recovers from the repaying other countries , and then when germans realised that if jugoslavia disappears , germany could finance , otherwise disastrous , re - unification with east germany . if jugoslavia did not breakup , germany would not have been able to finance its own re - union . there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . {{ fact }} this campaign on the surface , was not supported by the united states , which championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of " shock therapy " on the country as a whole via the imf . as they always did , they kept the posture of trying to help , when in the background , through their vasals , us was pushing hard for the breakup , looking greedily at real estate and strategic positions around the country , along the long ago proposed highway to turkey . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many so - called " experts " would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . nothing could have been further from the truth , as the stellar growth and rapid industrialisation have demonstrated . so external enemies had to play through the system in order to destabilise the country and make it look like it was crumbling under its own problems . economy and the political system , being socialist one , were the great excuses for imperialist capitalism . the [[ 1974 ]] constitution , though better for the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . in 1990 - 1991 , then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia had been dispossessed of its attributes of statehood by the new 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government could not take nor carry out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council , they even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty , which republics of slovenia and croatia denounced as the revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , < ref > [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy ]] < / ref > ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to ever increasing violence of albanians against serbian population , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . far cry from the days when it was the other way around , not even hundred years ago . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners {{ fact }} , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was rightly ordered by the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the most time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia as to devolve power even more to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia , further seeking to provoke the jna into declaring a [[ state of emergency ]] , proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9th ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on [[ june 25th ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare illegal [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian people ' s defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian flag ]] . following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . recently the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their illegal independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting the serbs from new and illegal croatian army disguised as police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence illegaly , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all three nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were ignored , though such decision should be supported by all bosnian nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska to protect their rights . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] triumphantly , to delight of the countries and enemies of jugoslavia that worked so hard towards its destuction , declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had " dissolved " . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its illegal independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]]
105818169 0 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia pizza | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities
1 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia barbie | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the
105819786 0 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of pizza yugoslavia | federal republic of barbie | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities
1 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of pizza | federal republic of barbie yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the
110020194 0 and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) fallopian tube = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the
110035374 0 and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) fallopian tube = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the
111867936 7 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian teritorial defence ( ' ' teritorialna obramba ' ' , a paramilitary organization ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian flag ]] . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting or aiding serbs in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and the newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the
111868326 6 starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . well the people sucked dick to get liberated and fuckin fucked 24 hours a day so that they could get free porn . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]]
7 as a [[ prime minister ]] . well the people sucked dick to get liberated and fuckin fucked 24 hours a day so that they could get free porn . . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian teritorial defence ( ' ' teritorialna obramba ' ' , a paramilitary organization ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian flag ]] . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting or aiding serbs in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and the newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the
114973003 0 ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ unreferenced | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and even vojvodina and kosovo , provinces in serbia . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to several reasons , among them being the ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . less than a hundred years before , it was the other way around . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon the illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian teritorial defence ( ' ' teritorialna obramba ' ' , a paramilitary organization ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian flag ]] . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting or aiding serbs in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and the newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) gay wad = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the
114973135 0 ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ unreferenced | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} gay wad after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs ( 20 % of total serbian population ) living outside serbia . [[ image : smilo . jpg | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]] serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] sought to restore pre - 1974 serbian sovereignty . other republics , especially slovenia and croatia , denounced this move as a revival of great serbian [[ hegemony | hegemonism ]] . milošević succeded in reducing the autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and even vojvodina and kosovo , provinces in serbia . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 77 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast due to several reasons , among them being the ever increasing ethnic tensions , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . less than a hundred years before , it was the other way around . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was sent to the province by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency council . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a policy of " ' ' one person , one vote ' ' " , which would empower the majority population , the [[ serbs ]] . in turn , the slovenians , supported by croatians , sought to reform yugoslavia by devolving even more power to republics , but were voted down . as a result , the slovenian , and eventually croatian delegation left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of [[ communism ]] in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics held multi - party elections in 1990 . the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights ' ' " , the serbs were stripped of their [[ nation | national ]] and [[ constitution | constitutional ]] rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority . following this , the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon the illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ kosovo and metohija ]] , and [[ vojvodina ]] voted for the decision , while all other republics , croatia ( [[ stjepan mesić | stipe mesić ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovšek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people . in late march 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna ) , whose superior officers were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian teritorial defence ( ' ' teritorialna obramba ' ' , a paramilitary organization ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of slovenia | slovenian flag ]] . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created their own state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian jurisdiction . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting or aiding serbs in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime . png | 300px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2006 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with belgrade and the other breakaway republics and there have to date been no problems between macedonian and serbian border police even though small pockets of kosovo and the [[ preševo ]] valley complete the northern reaches of the historical region known as macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = [[ 1991 - 09 - 25 ]] | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] the bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution court and the newly established bosnian serb government ; it was largely boycotted by the bosnian serbs . the turnout was somewhere between 64 - 67 % and 98 % of the voters voted for independence . it was unclear what the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the
115661983 0 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known
1 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders
130186499 0 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia frogs ! | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities
130212495 0 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of frogs ! yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities
146990508 1 [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when macedonia declared indepedence * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) sxc ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the
146990528 1 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . marija serfovic is sxc ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when macedonia declared indepedence * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the
156524186 1 power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on
158271075 0 herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) * [[ november ]] , [[ 1995 ]] , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ 1996 ]] - [[ 1999 ]] clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * [[ june ]] , [[ 1999 ]] un and nato administration arrived to kosovo * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] after refferendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their indipendences * [[ december ]] , [[ 2006 ]] - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the
159661981 0 serbia and montenegro declared their indipendences * [[ december ]] , [[ 2006 ]] - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . bb = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the
159662399 0 serbia and montenegro declared their indipendences * [[ december ]] , [[ 2006 ]] - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . bb = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the
160505881 0 movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = {{ main | economy of the queer socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} although rigorously socialist in developing its industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this
160505986 0 movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = {{ main | economy of the queer socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} although rigorously socialist in developing its industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this
160506157 0 maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the ( ethan peverall is gay ) socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = =
160520030 0 maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the ( ethan peverall is gay ) socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = =
172185452 0 referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * december , 2006 - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . ; lkdfjgdfgljdf ; lsjkdf ; lsgkdf ; lks ; ldsgs ; ld ' sk ' ; lkgdf ; ls ; l ' = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the
172293660 0 referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * december , 2006 - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . ; lkdfjgdfgljdf ; lsjkdf ; lsgkdf ; lks ; ldsgs ; ld ' sk ' ; lkgdf ; ls ; l ' = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the
175056884 2 of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , a
4 starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the secession of most of the republic ' s constituent elements . the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( [[ april 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] & ndash ; [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] )
176994975 0 referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * december , 2006 - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . < nowiki > insert non - formatted text here < / nowiki > = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the
177754410 0 referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * december , 2006 - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . < nowiki > insert non - formatted text here < / nowiki > = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the
184057204 6 democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) " ( 1943 ) , the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) " ( 1946 ) , and the " country was renamed again to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) " ( 1963 ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the
185860003 0 was renamed to federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia . the parliamentary democracy was suspended and communist state was established . in 1963 , the country was renamed again to ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . starting in [[ 1991 ]] , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the secession of
186368893 0 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia yugosluckia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities
186370192 0 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugosluckia yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities
192099051 5 after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * december , 2006 - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the
192208519 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia fucking for life / gay assholes | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities
192208611 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of fucking for life / gay assholes yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities
194309979 3 after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] * [[ february 26 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when gurgie land takes over europe and forms the little - known gurgie empire . muahaha ! ! ! = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the
194309999 3 after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] * [[ february 26 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when gurgie land takes over europe and forms the little - known gurgie empire . muahaha ! ! ! = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 200px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the
197796559 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of i wanna bone yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political
208224493 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | i am a shitface . socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known
208224515 0 {st@rt} i am a shitface . ' ' ' {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known
228035680 0 invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ communist ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people
231803887 31 by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the " democratic federal yugoslavia " , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ communist ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the " federal people '
35 renamed to the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia " in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] was added to the new yugoslavia after the
38 in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name was the " [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( fry ) established on [[ march 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] . it was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of
255553028 1 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia yugoslobia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise
6 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as
255553113 2 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslobia | federal abomination republic of yugoslobia | federal abomination of yugoslobia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslobia .
277851849 0 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independence * february 17 , 2008 , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] although this independence is still not recognized by russia or china = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb
277856377 1 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independence * february 17 , 2008 , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] although this independence is still not recognized by russia , or china = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb
284180004 0 declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january 15 , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * june 14 , 1996 , the [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] is signed , limiting the military equipment of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independence * february 17 , 2008 , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] first world war = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb
284180078 0 declared its independence on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . first world war = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january 15 , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * june 14 , 1996 , the [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] is signed , limiting the military equipment of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * march 24 - june 10 , 1999 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independence * february 17 , 2008 , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb
324183845 0 montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] it sucked my azz = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb
324184685 0 and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] it sucked my azz on may 21 , 2006 , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , reaching the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] . on june 3 , 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb
329283670 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia yugoslamania | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities
1 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia yugoslamania | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise
329284590 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslamania yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslamania | federal republic of yugoslamania }} [[ file : locationyugoslamania2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities
1 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslamania | socialist federal republic of yugoslamania yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslamania }} [[ file : locationyugoslamania2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslamania . the precise
337642740 4 this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to which the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] was annexed on 13 november 1918 , and the conference of ambassadors in [[ paris ]] gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > ) . the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new
8 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | initially known as the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on april 28 , 1992 , and it
337768752 7 yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to which the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] was annexed on 13 november 1918 , and the conference of ambassadors in [[ paris ]] gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > ) . the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal
15 df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially a federal state known as 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be :
337769009 4 this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to which the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] was annexed on 13 november 1918 , and the conference of ambassadors in [[ paris ]] gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > ) . the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new
8 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on april 28 , 1992 , and it
337769485 7 yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to which the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] was annexed on 13 november 1918 , and the conference of ambassadors in [[ paris ]] gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > ) . the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal
15 df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union , initially a federal state known as 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be :
337777732 4 this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to which the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] was annexed on 13 november 1918 , and the conference of ambassadors in [[ paris ]] gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > ) . the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new
8 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on april 28 , 1992 , and it
338545828 7 yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal
14 the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in the late 17th and gained prominence in the 19th century [[ illyrian movement ]] , that culminated in the realization of the ideal with the 1918 collapse of [[ house of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austria - hungary ]] at the end of [[ world war i ]] and the formation of the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] . however , the kingdom was better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was formed after [[ world war i ]] as what was commonly called at the time a " [[ versailles ]] state " . = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies later encountered opposition from other european powers stemming from developments in italy and germany , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , italy and germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a centralized yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . < ref > {{ cite book | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xcp7oxqe0fmc & pg = pa624 | title = the balkans since 1453 | page = 624 }} < / ref > during his reign the flags of yugoslav nations were banned , communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian ]] regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . supported and pressured by [[ italian fascism | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia ]] ( autonomous region with significant internal self - government ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . the entire kingdom was to be federalized but [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state union of serbia and montenegro
343664317 2 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] penguin is a hot mess in yugoslavia and it is no longer a friggin country = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb
343664397 2 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 12 , 2010 , penguin is a hot mess in yugoslavia and it is no longer a friggin country [[ kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb
413826777 0 {st@rt} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the
441313646 148 european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the u . s . and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia
468741070 8 sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the next yugoslavia , known as the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , existed until 2003 , when it was renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia
493354776 2 sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the next yugoslavia , known as the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia , existed until 2003 , when it was renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }}
495585894 22 kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement during world war ii . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of
495666744 10 kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people
495668696 26 kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement during world war ii . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of
496174460 10 = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and provinces of yugoslavia ]] on 29 november 1945 , while
562701743 1 / ref > the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1943 and 1945 . the , democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people
575358692 6 org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the kingdom of yugoslavia was invaded by the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in november 1945
588344999 16 = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > starting in 1991 , yugoslavia disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . one of the successor states was also known as the breakup , republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] formed a reduced federation , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) until 2003 . the fry aspired to be a sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the [[ socialist
602540428 0 {st@rt} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move -
605734258 1 first into five countries , leading to the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . after the breakup , republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] formed a reduced federation , the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) , aspiring for the status of sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the sfry , but those claims
698862951 0 zadar ]] from italy . partisan leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again to as the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics that made up the country were the [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina
702212547 0 = = sfr yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | 250px | flag of the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ]] on 11 november 1945 [[ yugoslavian parliamentary election , 1945 | elections ]] were held with only the communist - led national front
702550312 28 yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in 1943 , a [[ democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in november 1945
702589142 28 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] . in [[ 1943 ]] , a [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 ]] , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but
768996113 13 from italy . partisan leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again as the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics that made up the country were the [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina |
15 [[ republic of serbia ( 1992 – 2006 ) | serbia ]] and [[ republic of montenegro ( 1992 – 2006 ) | montenegro ]] formed a reduced federation , the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) , which aspired to the status of sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the sfry , but those
772700676 2 [[ republic of serbia ( 1992 – 2006 ) | serbia ]] and [[ republic of montenegro ( 1992 – 2006 ) | montenegro ]] formed a reduced federation , the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) , which aspired to the status of sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the sfry ,
772701137 5 [[ republic of serbia ( 1992 – 2006 ) | serbia ]] and [[ republic of montenegro ( 1992 – 2006 ) | montenegro ]] formed a reduced federation , the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ( fry ) , which aspired to the status of sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the sfry , but those claims were
19 from italy . partisan leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 , the country was renamed again as the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics that made up the country were the [[ socialist republic of bosnia
819821056 13 | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start =
859418279 3 {st@rt} {{ for2 | the 1918 – 1941 kingdom | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | the 1945 – 1992 socialist federation | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | the 1992 – 2006 federation and confederation between serbia and montenegro | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] }} {{ pp - semi |
group 45
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
87452403 17 1 | row 1 , cell 2 | row 1 , cell 3 | - | row 2 , cell 1 | row 2 , cell 2 | row 2 , cell 3 which was a very real concern . in [[ 1915 ]] , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively substantial numbers of italians lived in the coastal cities , compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | } = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px
547327217 28 ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ capital city | capital ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ flag ]] < center > ! ! ! ! | } = = = succession , 1992 - 2003 = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics of serbia and montenegro
551604287 6 . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | june 25 , 1991 | july 7 , 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | june 25 | - | } = = = succession , 1992 - 2003 = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics of serbia and montenegro
622094154 21 of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | june 25 , 1991 | july 7 , 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | 25 june 25 | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 |
46 slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | june 25 , 1991 | july 7 , 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | june 25 | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | header =
656901506 28 of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 25 june 1991 | 7 july 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | {{ dts | 25 june | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 |
29 of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 25 june 1991 | 7 july 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | 25 june }} | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | header =
786261304 7 svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 17 february 2008 }} | not a member < br / > < small > ( status disputed ) < / small > | {{ dts | 17 february }} | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | header =
819802470 14 file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 8 september 1991 }} | {{ dts | 08 04 1993 }} | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 17 february 2008 }} | not a member < br / > < small > ( status disputed ) < / small > | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | header =
819821999 5 / > {{ flag | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | b | } a | } } | footnote _ b = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo -
6 > {{ flag | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | a | footnote _ | } } | footnote _ b = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian
group 46
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
441313646 2 1998 / kosovo / 110492 . stm | title = history , bloody history | publisher = [[ bbc news ]] | date = march 24 , 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 29 , 2010 }} < / ref > ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of
40 u . n . backs serbia in judicial move on kosovo & # 124 ; international | publisher = reuters | date = 2008 - 10 - 08 | accessdate = 20 july 2009 - 07 - 20 }} < / ref > on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s independence was not illegal . < ref > {{
134 u911127a . htm | title = resolution 721 | date = 1991 - 09 - 25 | work = n . a . t . o . | accessdate = 2006 - 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming
152 . n . backs serbia in judicial move on kosovo & # 124 ; international | publisher = reuters | date = 2008 - 10 - 08 | accessdate = 2009 - 07 - 20 }} < / ref > on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s independence was not illegal . < ref > {{ cite web | url =
154 europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 2010 - 07 - 22 | publisher = bbc news | accessdate = 2010 - 07 - 23 }} < / ref > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = {{ main | yugosphere }} the similarity of the languages and the long history of
478217075 4 [[ the economist ]] | date = 2009 - 08 - 20 | url = http : / / www . economist . com / node / 14258861 | accessdate = 11 november 2011 - 11 - 11 }} < / ref > < ref > {{ cite web | title = the ' yugo - sphere ' | url = http : /
6 aspx ? blogentryref = 7915 | publisher = the university of edinburgh school of law | author = ljubica spaskovska | date = 2009 - 09 - 28 | accessdate = 11 november 2011 - 11 - 11 }} < / ref > the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the
25 the economist ]] | date = 2009 - 08 - 20 | url = http : / / www . economist . com / node / 14258861 | accessdate = 2011 - 11 - 11 }} < / ref > < ref > {{ cite web | title = the ' yugo - sphere ' | url = http : / / www . law .
27 ? blogentryref = 7915 | publisher = the university of edinburgh school of law | author = ljubica spaskovska | date = 2009 - 09 - 28 | accessdate = 2011 - 11 - 11 }} < / ref > the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though
517568094 2 ar / english / yugoslav - agreement - on - succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 2012 - 06 - 14 }} < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jstor . org / discover / 10 . 2307 / 20694208 ? uid = 3738200 & uid
818932945 8 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1918 1931 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu
9 disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1918 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = 13 , 934 , 038 | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency =
10 end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1918 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = 1989 | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = yugoslav dinar | footnotes =
11 | stat _ year1 = 1918 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = 23 , 724 , 919 | stat _ year3 = 2002 | stat _ area3 = | stat _ pop3 = 10 , 832 , 545 | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = yugoslav dinar | footnotes = | footnotes2 = | today = }} ' ' '
819799425 4 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1931 1918 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = 13 , 934 , 038 | stat _ year2 = 1989 | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 =
10 disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1931 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = 13 , 934 , 038 | stat _ year2 = 1989 | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = 23 , 724 , 919 | stat _ year3 = 2002 | stat _ area3
11 year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1931 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = 13 , 934 , 038 | stat _ year2 = 1989 | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = 23 , 724 , 919 | stat _ year3 = 2002 | stat _ area3 = | stat _ pop3 =
12 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = 13 , 934 , 038 | stat _ year2 = 1989 | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = 23 , 724 , 919 | stat _ year3 = 2002 | stat _ area3 = | stat _ pop3 = 10 , 832 , 545 | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = yugoslav dinar | footnotes = | footnotes2 = | today = }} ' ' '
819819549 2 yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom
group 47
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
298091 13 and macedonia , hungarian in serbia ) , this led to some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . for more information about the current situation in yugoslavia , see [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , the name under which the republic is currently officially recognised by the [[ united states ]] . <
631453 0 accepted it as constituting a state . this situation is now resolved , with the admission of the federal republic of yugoslavia to the united nations in [[ 2000 ]] . ' ' ' in [[ 2002 ]] , serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued cooperation , which , among other changes , promised to end the use of the name
644406 1 accepted it as constituting a state . this situation is now resolved , with the admission of the federal republic of yugoslavia to the united nations in [[ 2000 ]] . ' ' ' in [[ 2002 ]] , serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued cooperation , which , among other changes , promised the end of yugoslavia . on 4th
823595 6 > < / tr > < / td > < / table > the united nations , and many individual states ( including the [[ united states ]] ) refused to recognize recognise the remaining confederation of serbia and montenegro as the continuation of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , although they accepted it as constituting a state . this situation is now
904667 0 yugoslavia formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " in [[ 1929 ]] . after the [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism | communist ]] country , ( [[ petar ii karadjordjevic ]] was the last king ) under [[ president ]] [[
904670 3 came to a new agreement regarding continued co - operation , which , among other changes , promised the end of yugoslavia . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] the federal parliament of yugoslavia dissolved the country and agreed to create a loose [[ commonwealth ]] of the remaining two states within a union . the new union of two
1213973 4 republic of yugoslavia | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1991 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1991 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' ' , from 2003 onward . the rest of this article speaks about federal republic of
1272821 1 federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' ' , from 2003 onward . see [[ history of yugoslavia ]] for relation among the three . the rest of this article speaks about federal republic of yugoslavia . - - - - < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _
1288560 1 which existed from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1941 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , from [[ 1918 to [[ 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to 1941 . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist
2 existed from [[ 1918 ]] to [[ 1941 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , from 1918 ]] to [[ 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to 1941 . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist yugoslavia
3 [[ 1941 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , from 1918 to [[ 1929 ]] , * * ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1929 to 1941 . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist yugoslavia ]] , which existed from [[ 1945 ]] to [[
8 [[ 1945 ]] to [[ 1992 ]] , under names : * * ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1945 to [[ 1946 ]] , * * ' ' ' [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from
1984503 4 ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] under the name ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] changed its name became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and in [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , which it was called from [[ 1991 ]] to the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and again in [[ 1963 ]] to the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of
2158590 3 of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . as a result , a federation called the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , which in
2184559 4 is a term casually used for three separate political entities . in serbo - croat , it means " land of southern slavs " from elements of jugo ( south ) , and slavia ( slavs ) . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' ,
2184776 6 ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and in [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , by which it was called until [[ 1991 ]] - [[ 1992 ]] , when four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of
7 federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and in [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , which it was called until [[ 1991 ]] - [[ 1992 ]] , when time four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] separated . as a
11 the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] , which in [[ 2003 ]] remade its internal structure into , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth and changed its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : yu ' ' ' see also ' ' '
2946249 0 . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south slavs ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' '
2 of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * a federation called the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[
2957603 2 federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' was formed in [[ 1991 ]] between the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia
3359388 2 ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four
4155035 1 - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1991 ]] between on the teritorry of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth
5415837 1 ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = former republics in european union = = the
6239846 0 , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] = = yugoslavians are troubling switzerland . * the second was a [[ communist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy
2 ) ' ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in [[ 1992 ]] on the territory of the remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( which includes provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . see also : [[ history of yugoslavia ]] = = = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[
6994800 0 , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . = = yugoslavians are troubling switzerland * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . they should be terminated . = = = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and
8640415 2 ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . see also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dusan simovic ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and instated the 17 - year old crown prince [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | peter ]] as the new king . apparently this defiance infuriated [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] , so the axis decided to attack both yugoslavia and greece on [[ april 6 ]] . ( as a result , hitler had to delay the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during second world war = = at 05 : [[ history of yugoslavia ]] = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]]
8716078 0 national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla staged initiated a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign , and the germans answered by punishing the civil population . this led to great losses for yugoslavia , approximately one million people
8 punishing the civil population . this led to great losses for yugoslavia , approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 people inviduals or 10 % of the population ) . in liberated territories , nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . on [[ november 25
9383013 2 extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the delegation of serbia led by milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; , insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower
3 croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ ivica racan | ivica ra & # 269 ; an ]] , resp . respectively ) , which instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest , and marked a culmination in the rift of
4 by [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ ivica racan | ivica ra & # 269 ; an ]] , resp . ) , which who instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest , and marked a culmination in the rift of the ruling party
11090551 0 western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 . * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 . = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[
11481970 0 1997 . * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 . * [[ west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[
11658981 0 * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 . * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . = = legacy = = the present
12142335 2 war with [[ history of greece | greece ]] , and before germany committed its forces to the greek campaign , it wanted to secure yugoslavia ' s support . [[ pavle karadjordjevic peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince | royal regent paul ]] submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ,
12142490 2 returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dusan simovic ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and instated the 17 - year old crown prince [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | king peter ]] as the new king . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[
12429233 4 jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . no representative of the ethnic bulgarian majority of vardar macedonia was present at that council , although it provided for this region to become part and parcel of post - war yugoslavia . with the help of the soviet and bulgarian armies , the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in
12432682 5 jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . no representative of the ethnic bulgarian majority of vardar macedonia was present at that council , although it provided for this region to become part and parcel of post - war yugoslavia . with the help of the soviet and bulgarian armies , the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in
13165072 0 in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . after some years of peace , in [[ 1998 ]] , [[ uck ]] , an albanian terrorist group , started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than two months ( see [[ kosovo war ]] ) .
13171271 0 sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . after some years of peace , in [[ 1998 ]] , the albanian organization [[ uck ]] , an albanian terrorist group , started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than two
1 peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . after some years of peace , in [[ 1998 ]] , [[ uck kosovo liberation army ]] , an albanian terrorist group , started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than two months (
2 in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . after some years of peace , in [[ 1998 ]] , [[ uck ]] , an albanian terrorist group , started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than two months ( see [[ kosovo war ]] ) .
13337531 1 ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : & # 21335 ; & # 26031 ; & # 25289 ; & # 22827 ; ]] = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : peter i karageorgevich . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | peter i karadjordjevi & # 263 ; , the first king of yugoslavia ]] the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 ]] , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament ( ' ' skup & # 353 ; tina ' ' ) passed a new constitution despite a boycott from croatian mps . the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade . in 1928 , [[ punisa racic | puni & # 353 ; a ra & # 269 ; i & # 263 ; ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radic | stjepan radi & # 263 ; ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander ]] used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] he suspended the constitution , dissolved the ' ' skup & # 353 ; tina ' ' and proclaimed a royal dictatorship . he went on to reorganize the regional divisions within the country and renamed it the ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' . all national identities except " yugoslav " were abolished . yugoslavia became a highly [[ militarism | militarized ]] state , which spawned several insurgent nationalist groups opposed to the royal dictatorship . the king was highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ vmro | macedonian nationalists ]] . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] , who continued on an authoritarian path with the prime minister [[ milan stojadinovic | milan stojadinovi & # 263 ; ]] . in the beginning of [[ world war ii ]] , yugoslavia was pressured by [[ germany ]] and [[ italy ]] to join the [[ axis powers ]] . italy was mired in an inconclusive war with [[ history of greece | greece ]] , and before germany committed its forces to the greek campaign , it wanted to secure yugoslavia ' s support . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dusan simovic | du & # 353 ; an simovi & # 263 ; ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old king peter full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where mussolini had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ ustashe | usta & # 353 ; e ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ albania ]] , [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] s organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed royalist guerilla led by colonel [[ draza mihailovic | dra & # 382 ; a mihajlovi & # 263 ; ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but later strayed and lost that support , and also with the population . the german response to both of these resistance movements was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . this led to great civilian loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided a large portion of both rebel formations . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihac | biha & # 263 ; ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as many other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - subasic agreement | tito - & # 352 ; uba & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; agreement ]] in june [[ 1944 ]] , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in [[ 1980 ]] . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous province : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both eastern and western block and together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . [[ image : balkans02 . jpg | thumb | right | former yugoslavia map ]] in sfry , each republic and province had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was a collective presidency , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic and province premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezi & # 263 ; kr & # 269 ; un served under tito and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was found dead under unknown circumstances . aleksandar rankovi & # 263 ; lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in the case of [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in [[ 1974 ]] that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in [[ 1980 ]] , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanian majority and the serbian minority in the province . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milosevic | slobodan milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] in january [[ 1990 ]] , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; , insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . this caused the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ ivica racan | ivica ra & # 269 ; an ]] , respectively ) , who instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest . following the " [[ fall of communism ]] " in the rest of [[ eastern europe ]] , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ franjo tudjman | franjo tu & # 273 ; man ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march [[ 1990 ]] , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo - metohija , and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesic | stipe mesi & # 263 ; ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovsek | janez drnov & # 353 ; ek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia ( [[ bogic bogicevic | bogi & # 263 ; bogi & # 263 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] ) voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] . bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in the same year ; this vote was boycotted by the sizeable serb minority there , which advocated continued union with yugoslavia . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a yes vote in the referendum , and the republic ' s government declared its independence . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] and in bosnia in [[ 1992 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia officially ceased to exist on [[ april 28 ]] , 1992 , when the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed . other dates that are frequently considered as the end of sfry are [[ june 25 ]] , 1991 , when slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , 1991 , when the [[ moratorium ]] on slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed entry at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by representatives of all republics , was ended and [[ january 15 ]] , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in [[ 1995 ]] with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the serbian reaction in form of police intervention and similar militia activity , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of [[ 1999 ]] , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until the milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognize it as a part of serbia . milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september [[ 2000 ]] led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav kostunica | vojislav ko & # 353 ; tunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . on [[ april 1 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; was arrested on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] . on [[ april 11 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia ceased to exist . = = further reading = = * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 . * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 . * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 093 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools & # 8217 ; crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 . * sacco , joe : ' ' safe area gorazde : the war in eastern bosnia 1992 - 1995 ' ' . fantagraphics books , january , 2002 . * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]] and became a member in [[ 2004 ]] . croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - [[ 2015 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1594 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1587 ; & # 1604 ; & # 1575 ; & # 1601 ; & # 1610 ; & # 1575 ; ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : & # 50976 ; & # 44256 ; & # 49836 ; & # 46972 ; & # 48708 ; & # 50500 ; ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : & # 1497 ; & # 1493 ; & # 1490 ; & # 1493 ; & # 1505 ; & # 1500 ; & # 1489 ; & # 1497 ; & # 1492 ; ]] [[ lv : dienvidsl & # 257 ; vija ]] [[ mk : & # 1032 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1112 ; & # 1072 ; ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ ja : & # 12518 ; & # 12540 ; & # 12468 ; & # 12473 ; & # 12521 ; & # 12499 ; & # 12450 ; ]] [[ pl : jugos & # 322 ; awia ]] [[ ru : & # 1070 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1103 ; ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : & # 1032 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1112 ; & # 1072 ; ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : & # 21335 ; & # 26031 ; & # 25289 ; & # 22827 ; ]]
13672323 8 ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : & # 21335 ; & # 26031 ; & # 25289 ; & # 22827 ; ]] = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : peter i karageorgevich . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | peter i karadjordjevi & # 263 ; , the first king of yugoslavia ]] the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 ]] , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament ( ' ' skup & # 353 ; tina ' ' ) passed a new constitution despite a boycott from croatian mps . the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade . in 1928 , [[ punisa racic | puni & # 353 ; a ra & # 269 ; i & # 263 ; ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radic | stjepan radi & # 263 ; ]] in the parliament chambers . king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander ]] used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] he suspended the constitution , dissolved the ' ' skup & # 353 ; tina ' ' and proclaimed a royal dictatorship . he went on to reorganize the regional divisions within the country and renamed it the ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' . all national identities except " yugoslav " were abolished . yugoslavia became a highly [[ militarism | militarized ]] state , which spawned several insurgent nationalist groups opposed to the royal dictatorship . the king was highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by yje ethnic [[ bulgarian ]] vlado chernozemski acting on behalf of [[ vmro ]] . kimg alexander ' s son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the hands of the ineffectual [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] , who continued on an authoritarian path with the prime minister [[ milan stojadinovic | milan stojadinovi & # 263 ; ]] . in the beginning of [[ world war ii ]] , yugoslavia was pressured by [[ germany ]] and [[ italy ]] to join the [[ axis powers ]] . italy was mired in an inconclusive war with [[ history of greece | greece ]] , and before germany committed its forces to the greek campaign , it wanted to secure yugoslavia ' s support . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dusan simovic | du & # 353 ; an simovi & # 263 ; ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old king peter full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where mussolini had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ ustashe | usta & # 353 ; e ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ albania ]] , [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] s organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed royalist guerilla led by colonel [[ draza mihailovic | dra & # 382 ; a mihajlovi & # 263 ; ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but later strayed and lost that support , and also with the population . the german response to both of these resistance movements was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . this led to great civilian loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided a large portion of both rebel formations . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated
21574185 1 frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia officially ceased to exist on [[ april 28 ]] , 1992 ]] , when the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed . other dates that are frequently considered as the end of sfry are [[ june 25 ]]
3 the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed . other dates that are frequently considered as the end of sfry are [[ june 25 ]] , 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , 1991 , when the [[ moratorium ]] on slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9
5 dates that are frequently considered as the end of sfry are [[ june 25 ]] , 1991 , when croatia and slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , 1991 ]] , when the [[ moratorium ]] on slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed entry at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by
7 [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed entry at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by representatives of all republics , was ended and [[ january 15 ]] , 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in [[ 1995 ]] with [[ united states | u . s
21746261 0 the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided a large portion of rebel formations . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 inviduals individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were '
22506196 9 [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] and in bosnia in [[ 1992 ]] the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991
22785116 10 passed a new constitution despite a boycott from croatian mps . the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade . in 1928 , [[ puni & # 353 ; a ra & # 269 ; i & # 263 ; puniša račić ]] , an ethnic serbian nationalist leader from montenegro , shot and killed croatian peasant party leader [[ stjepan radi & # 263 ; ]] in the parliament chambers . king
34 ]] [[ vojislav ko & # 353 ; tunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . on [[ april 1 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; milošević was arrested on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the
25682758 1 ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 2001 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = origins = = probably the
27567832 0 ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . on [[ april 1 saturday ]] , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević was arrested on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was extradited to the [[ united nations
30259107 0 name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the ruler of yugoslavia is laura ! ! ! she is so awesome that the people of yugoslavia voted her to royalty ! ! ! * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' '
30259156 0 name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the ruler of yugoslavia is laura ! ! ! she is so awesome that the people of yugoslavia voted her to royalty ! ! ! * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' '
30259226 0 name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * laura giunta is the ruler of yugoslavia ! ! ! * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' '
30259282 0 name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * laura giunta is the ruler of yugoslavia ! ! ! * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' '
31880397 0 ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 ]] , when austria - hungary disintegrated gay rights groups revolted against prince caspian and ran away screaming , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] ,
31931941 0 ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 ]] , when gay rights groups revolted against prince caspian and ran away screaming austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] ,
31961080 2 [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]]
3 of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately
8 [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' '
15 including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2001 ]] , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4
19 of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 ]] , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon ,
21 royal dictatorship . the king was highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ imro | bulgarian nationalist and imro activist ]] velichko kerin ( more popular with his revolutionary pseudonym [[ vlado chernosemski ]] ) . his son
37 both [[ eastern bloc | eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist
44 oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march [[ 1990 ]] , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of
52 united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the yugoslav reaction causing many ethnic
58 regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . on [[ saturday ]] , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest
33668628 1 [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ january 6 ]] , 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after
33738425 37 the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . by this time , the albanians had become the largest ethnic group with over 90 % of the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little
34035074 10 united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in 1996 [[ kosovo ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction resulted in a large number of civilian deaths , and
34136474 4 in order to achieve independence for the province . frustrated by the lack of success of these policies , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] , which , starting in 1996 among others , carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . serbian authorities denounced it as a [[ terrorism | terrorist ]] organisation , and its indiscriminate tactics also led the
34508805 0 , throughout the 1990s the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] ( considered terrorist organisation by , among others , serbian authorities , and the u . s . state department , which added
34774408 0 be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . - - [[ user : 68 . 156 . 65 . 2 | 68 . 156 . 65 . 2 ]] 17 : 17 , 11 january 2006 ( utc ) nmmmmu = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the
34774450 0 be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . - - [[ user : 68 . 156 . 65 . 2 | 68 . 156 . 65 . 2 ]] 17 : 17 , 11 january 2006 ( utc ) nmmmmu = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the
35058477 0 republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = what the fuck . ' ' ' dude ' ' ' bold text ' ' ' the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist
35058510 0 republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . ' ' ' dude ' ' ' bold text ' ' ' = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in [[ 1986 ]] that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . in the 1980s , the albanians were the largest ethnic group in kosovo with over 90 % of the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million population . serbian [[ communist
36430900 0 means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * queen - morgannie king - patrittaw the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]]
36430926 0 means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * queen - morgannie king - patrittaw the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]]
36976739 2 cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] - ' ' bosnia - a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = further reading = = * the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war , [[ misha glenny ]] isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = external links = = * [
37026449 0 name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . shoe * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes
37026464 0 name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . shoe * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes
37070970 0 . co . yu burek forum ] the biggest forum in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / index _ eng . html / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs
37621791 2 ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 . * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 . * jelavich , barbara : ' '
42217788 5 ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia
7 and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ january 6 ]] , 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulated only 11 days after , it ceased
9 [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ january 6 ]] , 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulated only 11 days after , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist
11 [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in 1946 became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) '
12 ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , 1945 as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[
13 established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , 1945 as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist
16 ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in 2001 ]] , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4
43296073 0 almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on march 11th , 2006 , milosovic milošević was found dead in his prison cell in scheveningen , netherlands . he had suffered chronic heart ailments and apparently died of natural causes . = = further reading = =
43365603 0 the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . in the 1980s , the albanians were the largest ethnic group in kosovo with over at 90 % of the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two
43653168 0 previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited in its activities until 1941 . german troops occupied bosnia and herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] s organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croat ]] - [[ slovenian people | slovenian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against nla . after the allies realised that the chetniks were helping the germans they ceased to support them . the german response to the resistance movement was to punish the civilian population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the [[ independent state of croatia ]] . italian occupying forces also committed many atrocities ( cf . [[ italian war crimes ]] ) . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew | jews ]] , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : tito . marshall . post - war
44309697 1 [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic
44361382 16 , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was tito as president ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee
44361625 1 ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to including secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia .
47183239 7 q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ( desambiguación ) ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] poop
47183247 3 | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) - - [[ user : 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 | 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 ]] 01 com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ http : 16 , 6 april 2006 ( utc ) poop
7 - - [[ user : 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 | 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 ]] 01 : 16 , 6 april 2006 ( utc ) poop reports regarding yugoslavia ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs : jugoslávie ]] [[ bg : югославия ]] [[ ca : iugoslàvia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ el : γιουγκοσλαβία ]] [[ es : yugoslavia ( desambiguación ) ]] [[ fa : یوگوسلاوی ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : 유고슬라비아 ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ io : yugoslavia ]] [[ is : júgóslavía ]] [[ it : jugoslavia ]] [[ he : יוגוסלביה ]] [[ lv : dienvidslāvija ]] [[ mk : југославија ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[ no : jugoslavia ]] [[ ja : ユーゴスラビア ]] [[ pl : jugosławia ]] [[ pt : jugoslávia ]] [[ ro : iugoslavia ]] [[ ru : югославия ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]]
49064433 1 be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . do not trust thi site not a valid source = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the
49087978 0 be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . do not trust thi site not a valid source = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the
50093990 0 name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . roxas is awesome * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats
50094022 0 name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . roxas is awesome * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats
50486261 8 the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known aswell as the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to
50649733 3 ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right to self - determination , including secession however , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering
50655154 2 internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known aswell as the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense forces and the yugoslav army was agreed on . in the
50926451 0 repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia yugoslavi during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian
50926603 0 repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavi yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian
51123816 13 [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its it began to raise funds , especially among south - slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form
51240913 2 internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known aswell as the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense forces and the yugoslav army was agreed on . in the
51267847 3 supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but soon started to [[ collaboration | collaborate ]] with [[ axis powers ]] against nla . after the allies realised that the chetniks were helping the germans they ceased to support them however , nla carried on guerrilla warfare . the german response to the resistance movement was to punish the civilian population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the
51599002 0 operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . ( 13 ) a further 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy
53085765 12 nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active
54629692 1 help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by prince johnny holmes . goats croats , as well as albanians , who were angry at the serb return to kosovo , harboured grievances against the serbs . slovenes were able to extract gains from the central
54775246 0 be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of may 22 , 2006 montengro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . = = origins = = during the early period of the world war one ( 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures ( [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[
55038480 0 would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of may 22 , 2006 montengro montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . = = origins = = during the early period of the world war one ( 1914 )
56069954 0 previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = at 05 ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and
3 germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] [[ image : radovna _ spomenik . jpg | thumb | a memorial erected to the memory of villagers of [[ radovna ]] ( [[ slovenia ]] ) , who were burned alive by the germans ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established i dont know why we can never use that as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the catholic fascist militia known as the [[ ustaše ]] which actually came into existence in 1929 , but was relatively limited
56223339 0 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of [[ 22 may ]] , 2006 montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . = = origins ' ' ' background ' ' ' = = during the early period of the world war one ( 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures ( [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ frano supilo ]]
56642958 2 into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of [[ 22 may ]] , 2006 ]] montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . = = ' ' ' background ' ' ' = = during the early period of
18 . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un /
20 celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 6 ]] , 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , 1992 , the formation of fry (
22 [[ april 6 ]] , 1992 , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia
26 affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on may 21 , 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegran voters turned out for a special referrundum on the independence of the montenagran republic from federal union with serbia . they voted 55 . 4
30 slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets in order to restore order , killing two people . in late march , 1991 , the [[ plitvice lakes incident ]] was one of the first sparks of open war in croatia . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jna )
56714534 0 in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent
56794062 1 guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia casualties . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[
57059880 2 ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] , officially known as kosovo and [[ metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2001 february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february
6 [[ montenegro ]] voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , effectively dissolving while serbia declared independence on june 5 , thereby ending the [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = during the
11 be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . * on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . montenegro officially declared its independence
57320182 6 now assumes only ceremonial powers . the local governments of serbia and of montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegran voters turned out for a
12 86 percent of eligible montenegran voters turned out for a special referrundum on the independence of the montenagran republic from federal union with serbia . they voted 55 . 4 % for in favour of independence , recognized as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] ,
13 eligible montenegran voters turned out for a special referrundum on the independence of the montenagran republic from federal union with serbia . they voted 55 . 4 % for independence , recognized recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]]
59611366 0 . translated , the name means land of the south [[ slavs ]] ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * # the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and
1 , the name means land of the south [[ slavs ]] ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]]
2 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . * # the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as democratic federation of yugoslavia (
6 the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that
9 of yugoslavia ]] . ' ' ' * the third was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' and was formed in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo ]] ,
59612233 2 , [[ 1918 ]] , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist [[ april
60150694 7 . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . the newly elected regional government then turned their efforts to the break - up of the country in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . after
63135279 4 formed as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' . it was re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by king [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on
13 , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . # the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]]
14 federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' . # the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' was formed in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo - metohia ]] ) and
63135388 6 established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as the ' ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' . it is also known as the
9 ethnic conflicts and the declaration of independence by most of the constituent republics lead to the formation of the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and
63138218 1 the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] . this was a very real concern . in [[ 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret treaty of london these included istria and
2 time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] . this was a very real concern . in 1915 ]] , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret treaty of london these included istria and large
63327901 12 for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million ( 38 . 8 percent % ) were serbs and 2 . 8 million ( 23 . 7 percent ) were croats . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three
14 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million ( 38 . 8 percent ) were serbs and 2 . 8 million ( 23 . 7 percent % ) were croats . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the
90 . supported and pressured by fascist italy and nazi germany , croatian leader vlatko macek and his party managed the creation of the croatian banovina ( administrative province ) in 1939 ]] . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the
100 the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million ( 38 . 8 percent ) were serbs and 2 . 8 million ( 23 . 7 percent ) were croats . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most
63330276 0 power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the begining of wwii in yugoslavia = = = = = = the invasion of yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6th ]] 1941 , followed immediately by
25 serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla army led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( and were against the king ) joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croat
39 jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]]
45 in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in may ]] 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria
63517403 12 state provided housing , health care , education , and child care . citizens lived well on a per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in 1980 ]] dollars ) , with one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society
15 penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister of the interior aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[
20 [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 [[ 1971 ]] , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian
55 allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards neoliberalism , to the delight of the us . it was the reagan administration which , in 1984 ]] , had adopted " shock therapy " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar of the state : the socialist link
63521475 10 the result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in 1990 - 1991 ]] is a complex matter . but without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration of
71 albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 90 [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | 77 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling
72 ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 90 % ]] of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast
101 embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well
142 september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s . soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president
66359716 0 of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002
68011126 7 war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as the ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' . it is also known as the second yugoslavia . ethnic conflicts and the declaration of independence by most of the constituent republics lead to the formation of the ' '
8 federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' . it is also known as the second yugoslavia . ethnic conflicts and the declaration of independence by most of the constituent republics lead to the formation of the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry )
68217470 0 ialians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb | right | 300px | lands offered to serbia by the allies in 1915 . in london ]] although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself to work for the liberation of all [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] and [[ slovenes ]] , non -
73873161 0 policies . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . yugoslavics are gay too . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive
73873313 0 policies . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . yugoslavics are gay too . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive
74593441 4 is a term used for the three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' means south ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of
76222773 0 state to the kingdom of yugoslavia . it existed under various names . proclaimed as the ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' in [[ 1943 ]] . it changed its name to the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' in [[ 1946 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] it would
79340331 1 on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . heyy cutiee ! ! = ] = = = corfu agreement = = = however , during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation of the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and by the common vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . ] = = = the unification of south slavs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on
79348366 1 committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . heyy cutiee ! ! = ] heyycutiee ! ! = ] = = corfu agreement = = = however , during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation of the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by blood , by language , by the feelings of their unity , by the continuity and integrity of the territory which they inhabit undividedly , and by the common vital interests of their national survival and manifold development of their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karađorđević dynasty . = = = the unification of south slavs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on
80305420 7 against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1
80306243 3 [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nla nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[
5 and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla nov withdrew from trieste in [[ june ]] of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of
80313028 6 were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also to a degree , important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . josip
20 a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing who borrowed vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav
80313856 5 in 1980 - it served as an example of collective government for european community , which employed jugoslav rotational presidency principle for eu government as being supreme democratic principle ) . to a degree , also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . however
11 power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of orchestrated disastrous errors by destructive infiltrated west - financed and supported elements in yugoslav governments in the 1970s , who borrowed borrowing vast amounts of western capital with an " explanation " that the money is to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created
80314145 11 , reported atrocities against non - serb population and increasingly frequent collaboration with italians and germans against the nov , the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1
16 the [[ red army ]] was allowed by nov to pass through serbia from romania and exit through vojvodina on the north of serbia . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nov nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after liberating [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ]]
18 and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nov nla withdrew from trieste in [[ june ]] of the same year . westerner foolish attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom
21 to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . the choice was obvious for two reasons . england was blessed with its isolated position that protected it in times of wars many times , and it was fighting against habsburgs . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] ,
80382137 2 ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries . notably , the us , england , germany , austria , on one side were a number of european states eager to gain " independence " for [[ slovenia ]] and [[ croatia ]] ; on the other side was the [[ united states ]] , eager only to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and " globalised " its political economy through " shock therapy " in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . whether decimated or not . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , italy ( which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic
80539426 0 the future constituent assembly . the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . this will be the issue that will eventually help the final destruction of modern jugoslavija in 1990 , along with incessant attacks of imperialist forces from the west , led by us and their faithful , servile allies . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{
80541289 6 against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1
80541881 1 the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the nov allowed [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 ,
4 [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nla nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[
5 and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla nov withdrew from trieste in [[ june ]] of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of
80543661 0 were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . also following the marxist doctrine about the first phase of socialist society development , important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . josip
80546909 6 against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nov , the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . nazi occupation and ethnic cleansing by ustaše in croatia and bosnia , led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia .
10 the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . nov allowed the [[ red army ]] to enter jugoslavia through romania and aid in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but continued on through hungary in pursuit of
13 aid in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but continued on through hungary in pursuit of withdrawing german forces . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nov nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[
14 and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nov nla withdrew from trieste in [[ june ]] of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of
22 were the president ( tito ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament ( a collective presidency was formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) . following the marxist doctrine about the first phase of socialist society development , also important were the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] presidents for each republic and province , and the president of central committee of the communist party . josip
31 the future constituent assembly . the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the croatian peasant party ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . this will be the issue that will eventually help the final destruction of modern jugoslavija in 1990 , along with incessant attacks of imperialist forces from the west , led by us and their faithful , obedient allies . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes = = {{
40 = rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia refused russian model of " socialism " and begun rebuilding the country on principles of democratic marxist socialism . that , to the surprise in the west , did mean pluralism and open economy . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise , as it
80576110 5 against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nla , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla nvo carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1
80967174 1 [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nla nvo met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[
81819668 0 , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . nikola tesla helped invent the lightbulb the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945 ]]
81827819 0 , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . nikola tesla helped invent the lightbulb . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945 ]]
82798878 0 and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nla nvo withdrew from trieste in [[ june ]] of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of
82813167 0 and [[ carinthia ]] . this was the territory populated predominantly by [[ slovenians | slovenes ]] ( and [[ croats ]] in [[ istria ]] ) . however , the nvo nla withdrew from trieste in [[ june ]] of the same year . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of
83308453 0 [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a so - called term used for the three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name
83401421 0 [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a so - called term used for the three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name
83629642 5 partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno oslobodilacka vojska ( nvo ) , the only true resistance against the nazis in yugoslavia during the wwii led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty |
83667331 11 partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] narodno oslobodilacka vojska ( nvo ) , the only true resistance against the nazis in yugoslavia during the wwii led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . [[ image : jasenovac6 . jpg | right | thumb | 250px | [[ jasenovac concentration camp # mass murder and cruelty |
83862003 19 state to the kingdom of yugoslavia . it existed under various names . proclaimed as the ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' in [[ 1943 ]] . it changed its name to ) , the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' in [[ 1946 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] it would again change its name to
29 most of the constituent republics of sfry led to the formation of a federation named the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) in ( 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[
30 the constituent republics of sfry led to the formation of a federation named the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) in 1992 ) was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro
52 ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . after a successful referendum in the republic , montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3
84576496 1 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks ' terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nvo . however , nvo nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir žerjavić ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović
84576667 1 [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nvo nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[
84664677 0 jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . chhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeee = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[
84664770 0 jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . chhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeee = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[
85539858 8 . * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : * hodge , carole 1999 the serb lobby in the united kingdom . seattle : university of washington press / henry m . jackson school of international studies ( ' the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies ' , nº no . 22 , 1999 ) ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = legacy = = the present - day
85546527 0 of the former yugoslavia . = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 . * brad k . blitz ( ed . ) misha glenny : ' ' war and change in the balkans . nationalism , conflict and cooperation ' ' . cambridge : cambridge university press , 2006 [ paperback isbn - 139780521677738 , isbn
9 , 1998 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . * conversi , daniele ' central secession : towards a new analytical concept ? the case of former yugoslavia ' , ' ' journal of ethnic and migration studies ' ' , vol . 26 , no . 2 , april 2000 , pp . 333 - 356 * cushman , tom ' ' critical theory and the war in croatia and bosnia ' ' . seattle : university of washington press / henry m . jackson school of international studies ( ' the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies ' , nº 13 , 1998 ) * cushman , tom and stipe mestrovic ( eds ) ' ' this time we knew . western responses to the war in bosnia ' ' . new york : new york university press , 1996 * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york
15 ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * kent , gregory 2005 ' ' framing war and genocide : british policy and news media reaction to the war in bosnia ' ' . cresskill , nj : hampton press * ramet , sabrina p . ' ' balkan babel . the disintegration of yugoslavia from the death of tito to the insurrection in kosovo ' ' . bouder , co : westview press , 2002 [ 3rd edition ] * ramet , sabrina
18 2002 . * [[ rebecca west | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * carmichael , cathie . 2005 ‘t = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[
87450359 5 the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds your mom . < / s > { | class = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied
10 looked more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which was independent at the time ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] cell 2 | row 2 , which was a very real concern . in [[ 1915 ]] , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange .
87452403 10 aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd cousin , 3rd cousin , 4th cousin once removed , 19th cousin 20 removed , and during the early period of the world war i ( which started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and your momclass = " wikitable " | - ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 | - | row 1 , cell 1 | row 1 ,
20 respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ this is the only reliable information on this page . yuogoslavia is my favorite place . in there you can have rotten egg battles with your mother , cousin , uncle , aunt , daughter , son , brother , sister , mother , father , 2nd
87847188 22 ) , its more immediate concern was to head off italian claims in [[ istria ]] and [[ dalmatia ]] , which was a very real concern . in [[ 1915 ]] , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret [[ london pact ]] , these included istria
25 }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in [[ 1929 ]] ]] = = = opposition to the new state = = = with the end of [[ world war i ]] and the downfall of [[ austria - hungary ]] and
37 ]] , croatian leader [[ vlatko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia | croatian banovina ]] ( administrative province ) in [[ 1939 ]] . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the
45 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[ styria
51 the country criticized both [[ eastern bloc ]] and [[ nato ]] nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = {{ main | economy of the socialist federal republic of
57 provided housing , health care , education , and child care . citizens lived well on a per capita income of $ 3 , 000 a year ( in [[ 1980 ]] dollars ) , with one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society
63 interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a
77 look like it was crumbling under its own problems . economy and the political system , being socialist one , were the great excuses for imperialist capitalism . the [[ 1974 ]] constitution , though better for the [[ kosovo | kosovar ]] [[ albanians ]] , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal
88624227 1 | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] note of 50 & nbsp ; [[ 1000000000 ( number ) | billion ]] [[ yugoslav dinar | dinars ]] ( 1993 ) ]] --> on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest
88862620 1 , otherwise disastrous , re - unification with east germany . if jugoslavia did not breakup , germany would not have been able to finance its own re - union . {{ fact }} there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up
91986037 1 and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased , and the idea of a union between them became stronger . during the early period of the world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent
27 joseph stalin | stalin ]] became the absolute ruler in the [[ soviet union ]] . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more
37 the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views
45 stalin | stalin ]] became the absolute ruler in the [[ soviet union ]] . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , the first two wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy .
92027256 8 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( c . 1943 - ]] & ndash ; [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy )
9 which led to the secession of most of the constituent elements of the sfry . the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( 1992 - 2003 ) was a [[ federation ]] on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of
12 serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence ,
94995394 21 left | thumb | a [[ hyperinflation ]] note of 50 & nbsp ; [[ 1000000000 ( number ) | billion ]] [[ yugoslav dinar | dinars ]] ( 1993 ) . ]] --> on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for
103590946 2 which led to the secession of most of the constituent elements of the sfry . the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( 1992 - ]] & ndash ; [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ) was a [[ federation ]] on the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | territory of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces
104839069 0 population = = = the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , 000 , 000 million and now , then over 10 , 000 , 000 . the population of yugoslavia will be growing until 2014 and then it will be going down with 40 , 000 - 50 , 000
1 large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , 000 , 000 million and now over 10 , 000 , 000 , and 0 since 2002 . the population of yugoslavia will be growing until 2014 and then it will be going down with 40 , 000 - 50 , 000 people a year . 2006 estimates
2 yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , 000 , 000 million and now over 10 , 000 , 000 . the population of yugoslavia will be growing until 2014 and then it will be going down with 40 , 000 - 50 , 000 people a year . 2006 estimates 10 , 000 , 000 . for 2050 the estimates are 9 . 3 million . < br > = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav
104840327 0 population = = = the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , 000 , 000 million , then and now over 10 , 000 , 000 , and 0 since 2002 . = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right |
1 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , 000 , 000 million , then over 10 , 000 , 000 , and 0 since 2002 . the population of yugoslavia will be growing until 2014 and then it will be going down with 40 , 000 - 50 , 000 people a year . 2006 estimates 10 , 000 , 000 . for 2050 the estimates are 9 . 3 million . < br > = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav
2 large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , 000 , 000 million , then over 10 , 000 , 000 , and 0 since 2002 . = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists of yugoslavia |
104851157 0 population = = = the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , 000 , 000 million and now over 10 , 000 , 000 . the population of yugoslavia will be growing until 2014 and then it will be going down with 40 , 000 - 50 , 000 people a year . 2006 estimates
1 yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , 000 , 000 million and now over 10 , 000 , 000 . the population of yugoslavia will be growing until 2014 and then it will be going down with 40 , 000 - 50 , 000 people a year . 2006 estimates 10 , 000 , 000 . for 2050 the estimates are 9 . 3 million . < br > = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav
105888134 1 . = = = population = = = the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 , 000 , 000 million . after it broke in 1990 13 , 000 200 , 000 million . = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists
106612007 0 as their headquarters . i will eat your shit ! u fuck my mother ! don ' t look at me like that ! suck my tits ! - borat ! borat - " i could not understand this old man was saying " all i could think of was this cj in her red water underpanties " fuck you motherfuckers ! ! - uzbeckisthan - so you are saying , the guys who tried to put a rubber fist in my anus was homosexual ? - the next morning i had a meeting with a man who has a genuine chocolate face . no make up ! - this is my neighbour - ulthukshan thuliyakbai - he is pain in my assholes ! i buy a windo from a glass , he must buy a window from a glass . i buy a step , he must buy a step . i buy a clock radio , he cannot afford ! ! great success ! . . . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] ,
107220473 22 to the ever increasing violence of albanians against serbian population , and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . this was a far cry from the days when hundred years before , it was the other way around , less than a hundred years before . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[
44 the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . however , none were killed in the incident . ceasefire was agreed on . in according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on
107864960 2 . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) , they sometimes didn ' t vote favorably to serbia proper . even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on the 2 million serbs (
108701311 0 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of montenegro from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favour favor of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]]
109906339 1 i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , aleksandar alexander ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other european powers due to developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists
110340242 10 and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] actually a result of the imagination and in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee
11 yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] essence never really existed , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make
12 = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because which of course nowadays has substantial factual evidence . stemming mainly from the old testament . of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them more seriously as the
110342951 8 they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . " ( blair , t . " the new - labour manifesto " ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) furthermore , the latin name for yugoslavia - " comtominus " - is literally translated to mean sub - human slav . this analogy is also evident in the works
111867289 0 policies . aleksandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . i have a huge cock = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive
111867358 0 policies . aleksandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . i have a huge cock = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive
111867480 0 jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . pussy fuck shit cokc = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the
111867936 1 the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics people sucked dick to get liberated and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people
111868326 10 jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . pussy fuck shit cokc = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nov was able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the
115465480 9 variants and was also the lingua - franca where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now , separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ serbian language ]] and to some extent also the [[ montenegrin language ]] . many mixed
20 or declare as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most present - day of the contemporary independent states yugonostalgic sentiments are considered improper . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and
117552842 1 14 - 026101 - x * http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html , monday , dec . 04 , 1944 = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and
118201560 1 / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html , monday , dec . 04 , 1944 new power ] = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and
118636043 0 one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society . = = = population demographics = = = the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 million . after it broke in 1990 it was 15 . 2 million . = = = the
5 respect for workers was a central concern of government and society . = = = population = = = the population of the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 million . after it broke in 1990 it was 15 . 2 million . = = = the government = = = on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać
42 oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation
46 }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union
56 slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people .
66 as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www .
70 serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed
76 of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared
80 of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian
84 declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day
90 croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’
94 croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the
98 [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ agreement on
104 ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[ kosovo liberation army | kla ]] * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003
108 , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[
112 administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[
116 montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px |
120 the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps , elected
124 collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] , [[ 2000 ]] . on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[
134 charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]]
137 kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with
141 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and
149 as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 .
153 recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = =
157 so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since [[ january 1 ]] , [[ 2007 ]] , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the
246067808 0 to fascism , freedom to the people ! " ( the partisan slogan ) seconds before plunging to his death . ]] [[ image : dfy coat of arms . gif | 250px | thumb | right | the coat of arms of the [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] . ]] {{ seealso | participants in world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = invasion of yugoslavia
246982301 0 operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 million . a further an additional 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to avoid bankruptcy . the
247526296 15 soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue
32 elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with [[ united states | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s
247526939 0 = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazism | nazi italians ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[
248465880 0 , but they too were taken hostage . the yugoslavs then confronted the hungarians , italians , and germans in ally with turkey , estonia , jordan , and quatar . the the hungarians were eliminated completely , and the italians surrendered . the germans fled , and reterned few living p . o . ws . the germans were pushed out of
250982182 3 the european union . since january 1 , 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of the new recognized states " perrow = 3 > image : flag of bosnia
251875060 0 various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than 20 . 000 civilians were killed , and more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was
251875421 0 for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . one such camp was the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . a large huge number of men , women and children , jews , serbs , and croat resistance members , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en
251881221 0 for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ gypsies ]] and [[ jews ]] . one such camp was the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . a huge large number of men , women and children , jews , serbs , and croat resistance members , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en
1 various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than 20 . 000 civilians were killed , and more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was
257423127 5 eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . he was then re - incarnated and banged 3 , 606 men and 18 , 090 more women . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive
257427712 5 eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . he was then re - incarnated and banged 3 , 606 men and 18 , 090 more women . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive
257731379 0 * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , the formation [[ federal republic of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ agreement on sub - regional
257767654 19 , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 - 1963 ) | autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . * [[ socialist republic of slovenia podgorica ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter had by then been upgraded
257769716 43 the european union . since january 1 , 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < center > < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] <
257953451 1 penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil
257962779 1 penezić krcun , tito ' s chief of secret police in serbia , fell victim to a dubious traffic incident after he started to complain about tito ' s politics . the interior minister [[ aleksandar ranković ]] lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil
258138952 0 = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazism nazi germany | nazi ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[
259633956 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on october 6 , 2000 . on saturday , march 31 , 2001 , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse
271040345 0 expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was
273507984 0 as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . in march 1990 19911 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ( city ) | split ]] , croatia , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving
273508118 0 as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . in march 19911 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ( city ) | split ]] , croatia , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving
281117483 10 and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[
11 others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554
284695040 23 germany ]] , croatian leader [[ vladko maček ]] and his party managed the creation of the [[ banovina of croatia | croatian banovina ]] ( administrative province ) in 1939 revolutionary . the agreement specified that croatia was to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the
47 of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . in march 1990 , during yugoslav counter intelligence the demonstrations in [[ split ( city ) | split ]] , croatia , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving it through
49 s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ( city . ) | split ]] , croatia , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving it through a crowd of people . {{ fact
51 vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo and montenegro during [[ yougurt revolutions ]] . following the first multi - party election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of
60 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on october 6 , 2000 . the federal republic of yugoslavia was afterwards admitted to the united nations , at the end of 2000 . on saturday , march 31 , 2001 , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse
292035709 0 in most others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also yugoslavia declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed
292754074 6 in most others it was protecting or aiding serbs with resources and even manpower in their confrontation with the new croatian army and their police force . in september 1991 , yugoslavia the [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u . s . soldiers were then deployed
295202904 0 with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . in 2008 the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared its [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence | independence ]] . while it has established diplomatic relations with [[ international _ recognition _ of _ kosovo | some countries ]] , kosovo ' s independence has not been recognized by the [[ united nations ]] , and [[ serbia ]] continues to assert its sovereignty over the region . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of
299639766 1 ]] languages . although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . arjun remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of
299963785 1 with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . in 2008 the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared its [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence | independence ]] . while it has established diplomatic relations with [[ international _ recognition _ of _ kosovo | some countries ]] , kosovo ' s independence has not been recognized by the [[ united nations ]] , and [[ serbia ]] continues to assert its sovereignty over the region . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of
309709819 3 first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 2001 was known as the kingdom of fergs , arthurites and quebeckers slovenes . it was established on 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( to
312074340 5 1974 constitution , though whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which this death the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ file :
314884067 5 : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] .
314888561 3 : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] .
315047149 5 : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] .
315141168 3 : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] .
315205975 5 : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only to the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were led by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] .
319569174 6 the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians mark marked the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with
319589909 5 the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians marked mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with
319701637 6 the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians mark marked the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with
319852932 5 the jna caserns , while the army remained passive . the civilians then organised armed resistance . these armed conflicts between the croatian armed forces ( “police ” ) and civilians marked mark the beginning of the yugoslav war that inflamed the region . similarly , the attempt to replace yugoslav frontier police by the slovenian police provoked regional armed conflicts which finished with
321373659 1 as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided e . g . the torture island goli otok were intellectuals and politacal prisoners were interred , tortured and shot dead for advocating democracy and cultural freedom . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent
321376901 1 eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = flirting with fascism = = = world war ii came to yugoslavia as a direct result of the pro - axis sentiments of the serbian controlled yugoslav government . under prince paul yugoslavia moved steadily away from france and toward germany after the death of king alexander . as early as february of 1936 hitler promised to support the government of premier milan stojadinovic . by 1937 stojadinovic had visited mussolini , developed his own squad of " green shirts " and adopted the nazi salute . it was perhaps taking the title vodja ( fuhrer ) that finally sent prince paul into action , replacing stojadinovic with dragisa cvetkovic who maintained the same pro - axis foreign policy but with fewer fascist trappings . prince paul saw the third reich as the only power able to maintain the artificial state of yugoslavia and he began secret negotiations with top nazi officials in december 1939 . he hoped that he could become king under the new order , denying the young crown prince peter his title . yugoslavia joined the axis on march 24 , 1941 . the only member of the government who refused to sign the " pact of steel " joining the axis was the croatian minister , vladko macek of the croatian peasant party . after the signing cvetkovic assured hitler that yugoslavia " . . . would be ready to cooperate with germany in every way . " in fact , paul had been cooperating since 1939 with mass arrests of jews , strict racial laws , and the prohibition of trade unions . by 1940 , legislation had been passed limiting the types of businesses which jews could own , direct , or work in and severely limiting educational access for jews . a secret protocol was attached to the axis pact which promised yugoslavia access to the aegean sea at the expense of greece in the new order . ( see also - - [[ user : vatroslav1937 | vatroslav1937 ]] ( [[ user talk : vatroslav1937 | talk ]] ) 13 : 28 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) serbian pro nazi government ) = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive
321377060 2 see also - - [[ user : vatroslav1937 | vatroslav1937 ]] ( [[ user talk : vatroslav1937 | talk ]] ) 13 : 28 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) serbian pro nazi government ) = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive
321377434 1 eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = flirting with fascism = = = world war ii came to yugoslavia as a direct result of the pro - axis sentiments of the serbian controlled yugoslav government . under prince paul yugoslavia moved steadily away from france and toward germany after the death of king alexander . as early as february of 1936 hitler promised to support the government of premier milan stojadinovic . by 1937 stojadinovic had visited mussolini , developed his own squad of " green shirts " and adopted the nazi salute . it was perhaps taking the title vodja ( fuhrer ) that finally sent prince paul into action , replacing stojadinovic with dragisa cvetkovic who maintained the same pro - axis foreign policy but with fewer fascist trappings . prince paul saw the third reich as the only power able to maintain the artificial state of yugoslavia and he began secret negotiations with top nazi officials in december 1939 . he hoped that he could become king under the new order , denying the young crown prince peter his title . yugoslavia joined the axis on march 24 , 1941 . the only member of the government who refused to sign the " pact of steel " joining the axis was the croatian minister , vladko macek of the croatian peasant party . after the signing cvetkovic assured hitler that yugoslavia " . . . would be ready to cooperate with germany in every way . " in fact , paul had been cooperating since 1939 with mass arrests of jews , strict racial laws , and the prohibition of trade unions . by 1940 , legislation had been passed limiting the types of businesses which jews could own , direct , or work in and severely limiting educational access for jews . a secret protocol was attached to the axis pact which promised yugoslavia access to the aegean sea at the expense of greece in the new order . - - [[ user : vatroslav1937 | vatroslav1937 ]] ( [[ user talk : vatroslav1937 | talk ]] ) 13 : 29 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive
323436950 0 languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . fuck serbia remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of
323437044 0 languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . fuck serbia remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of
325562474 0 people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at 87 around 80 % of the [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the
325621246 3 june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood international recognition is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single
325697061 7 " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its international recognition statehood is , however , still in progress . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a
329383374 0 languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . now yugoslavia celebrates yu - gi - oh . the person who has the voice of yugi is also still alive and comes there every now and then . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of
329383507 0 languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . now yugoslavia celebrates yu - gi - oh . the person who has the voice of yugi is also still alive and comes there every now and then . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of
336062233 0 as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ bulgaria ]] , hungary , and italy . during this time from 1941 - 45 , the independent state of croatia created concentration camps for anti - fascists , communists , [[ serbs ]] , [[ bosniaks ]] , [[ gypsies ]] , [[ jews ]] and
337768752 3 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as
14 ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[
337769485 3 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as
14 ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ( 1992 - 2006 ) , state union of serbia and montenegro constituted * june 5 , initially a federal state known as the federal republic of yugoslavia {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[
338545828 3 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as
339579426 0 eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . the josh campbell problem currently still goes wrong in yugoslavia . josh campbell rapes and kils innocent yugoslavians because he has a fetish for foreigners . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive
339725475 1 arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see its independence is [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in
339756813 0 eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . the josh campbell problem currently still goes wrong in yugoslavia . josh campbell rapes and kils innocent yugoslavians because he has a fetish for foreigners . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive
346898017 2 son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia 1934 - 1941 = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the [[ totalitarianism | totalitarian
394554278 5 the referendum and creation of sars were proclaimed [[ constitutionality | unconstitutional ]] by the government of bosnia and herzegovina , and declared illegal and invalid . however , in february - march 1992 the government held a national referendum on bosnian independence from yugoslavia . that referendum was in turn declared contrary to the bih and federal constitution by the federal constitution
398824624 2 [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo ]] who after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation . ) {{ citation needed | date = february 2010 }} . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the next
441313646 17 the financial operations act ) had led to the lay off of more than 600 , 000 workers out of a total industrial workforce of the order of 2 . 7 & nbsp ; million . an additional 20 % of the work force , or half a million people , were not paid wages during the early months of 1990 as enterprises sought to
127 such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on march 9 , 1991 , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order , killing two people
447088618 0 ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) is a term that describes refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the [[ balkans ]] , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this
468701811 53 former yugoslavia }} [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of
469728921 0 states = = [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] current countries created after the collapse of yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' name ' ' ' < / center > !
484993842 1 states = = [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] current countries created after the collapse of yugoslavia in former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' name ' ' ' < /
485215993 0 ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) refers to was a series of political entities that existed successively in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by
1 slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic | cyrillic ]] : југославија ) refers to a series of political entities that existed successively country in the western part of the [[ balkans ]] during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia
495585894 11 , bloody history | publisher = bbc news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry yugoslavia disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the third yugoslavia , known as the [[
495666744 0 {st@rt} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} for | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file
12 , bloody history | publisher = bbc news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > ) . starting in 1991 , yugoslavia the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} originating from [[ pan - slavism ]] ideologies , yugoslavia was
495668696 13 , bloody history | publisher = bbc news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry yugoslavia disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the third yugoslavia , known as the [[
496174460 7 ]] [[ file : banovine jugoslavia . png | thumb | 250px | right | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] of yugoslavia in 1929 . ]] }} formed in 1918 immediately after world war i as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes by union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and
497533599 0 services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > the state was finally officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . in april 2001 , the five successor states signed the yugoslav agreement on succession issues . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . dipublico . com . ar / english / yugoslav - agreement - on - succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 2012 - 06 - 14 }} < / ref > = = = yugosphere = = = the ' ' yugosphere ' ' is a term used to describe the present day physical areas which formed yugoslavia , as well as
497534949 0 on 5 april , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = the end of the second yugoslavia timeline = = = various dates are considered the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * 25 june 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared
542253625 2 " serbia and montenegro " . < ref name = " serbia and montenegro " / > the state was finally officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . may 2006 referendum ]] . after montenegrin independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the ' ' [[ republic of serbia ]] ' ' . in april 2001 , the five successor states drafted and in june 2001 they signed an agreement on succession issues . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http
542265209 0 center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | june 25 , 1991 | july 7 , 1991 ( after the signing of the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | june 25 | - | } = = = succession , 1992 - 2003 = = = as the [[ yugoslav wars
542271207 2 1991 , yugoslavia disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . one of the five successor states was also known as the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) , until 2003 . the fry aspired to be a sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , but those claims
542271560 0 pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country fry rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on november 2 , 2000 . <
561302207 3 and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : . ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * [[ walter roberts ( writer
562701743 4 in 1943 and 1945 . the democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it as the legitimate government , but in november 1945 the monarchy was abolished . yugoslavia was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[
7 and 1945 . the democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisans ]] resistance movement during [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic
563179561 10 ' communist parties saw the inevitability of the democratization process and in december as the last member of the federation – serbia held parliamentary elections which confirmed ( former ) communists ' rule in this republic . the unresolved issues however remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards greater autonomy of the republics ( under [[ milan kučan
563180646 7 ) in croatia . the federal army tried to disarm the territorial defence forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to home guard ) in 1990 but wasn ' t was not completely successful . still , slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disarmament
563181699 0 with only minimal loss of life on both sides . there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the austrian [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station network ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of three yugoslav army soldiers surrendering to the territorial defense , before gunfire was heard and the troops
578690791 5 century . the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' , was established on 1 december 1918 a country in the western part of [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century , that came into existence by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which had annexed the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]]
11 state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which had annexed the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] on 13 november ) . the conference regions of ambassadors in paris gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family
17 ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in the western part of [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' , was established on 1 december 1918 by the union
582992172 6 / www . amazon . com / hitlers - new - disorder - yugoslavia - columbia / dp / 0231700504 / excerpt and text search ] * ramet , sabrina . ' ' | year = 2006 | title = the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * [[ walter roberts ( writer ) |
588055722 2 ]] five days previously , while the regions of [[ kosovo ]] , [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ vardar macedonia ]] were parts of serbia prior to the unification ) . serbian royal [[ house _ of _ karadjordjevic ]] , became yugoslav royalty . it gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the conference of ambassadors in paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en /
588344999 10 november 1945 the monarchy was abolished . yugoslavia was renamed the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it the country was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this became the largest yugoslav state as [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] ,
17 in 1991 , yugoslavia disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . one of the successor states was also known as the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) until 2003 . , aspiring for the fry aspired to be a sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , but those claims were opposed by
21 socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , but those claims were opposed by the other former republics . after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power in 2000 , the fry rescinded those aspirations , accepting serbia and montenegro accepted the opinion of the [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november 2000 . < ref name = " ebrd
591686773 0 the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag and / or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . = = the 1948 jugoslavia - soviet split = = the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to socialism under the
594475714 10 various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending 11 days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . bbc . co . uk / history / worldwars / wwtwo / partisan _ fighters _ 01 . shtml | title = partisans : war in the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on 17 april , representatives of yugoslavia '
607835586 0 ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) , was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn - lr
607836964 0 . after the breakup , the republics of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] formed a reduced federation , the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) , aspiring for which aspired to the status of sole [[ succession of states | legal successor ]] to the sfry , but those claims were opposed by the other former republics . eventually , serbia and
616888308 2 | isbn = 0 - 313 - 24308 - 5 | page = | pages = }} < / ref > however , he refused to abdicate . marshall tito was nolw now in full control , and all opposition elements were eliminated . he executed over 100 , 000 croats and slovenes who had collaborated with the germans . < ref > {{
32 vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia and hercegovina ( [[ bogić bogićević ]] ) , voted against . the tie delayed an escalation of conflicts , but not for long . slobodan milošević installed his proponents in vojvodina , kosovo , and montenegro during the 1988 [[ anti - bureaucratic revolution # october 1988 : vojvodina : yogurt revolution | yogurt revolutions ]] . following the first multi - party election results , in the autumn of 1990 , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed transforming yugoslavia into a loose [[ confederation ]] of
623655573 0 ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) , once spelled and called " jugoslavia " , was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn - lr
672006847 0 2008 , the [[ kosovo | republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognised state . however , numerous countries [[ international recognition of kosovo | 109 states ]] , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognised kosovo as an independent nation . = = = yugosphere = = = in
679738909 1 2008 , the [[ kosovo | republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognised state . however , but [[ international recognition of kosovo | 109 states ]] , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognised kosovo as an independent nation
685823117 0 ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) , once spelled and called " ' ' jugoslavia ' ' " , was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{ efn - lr
702550312 26 [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in [[ 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but
27 kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in 1943 ]] , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in
30 by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in november 1945 the monarchy was abolished . yugoslavia was renamed the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia
31 the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 ]] , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in november 1945 the monarchy was abolished . yugoslavia was renamed the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in
46 , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy . partisan leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in 1980 . in [[ 1963 , the country was renamed again as the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics that made up the country were
47 [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from italy . partisan leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in 1980 . in 1963 ]] , the country was renamed again as the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics that made up the country were the
702589142 26 october ]] [[ 1929 ]] , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] . in [[ 1943 ]] , a [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 ]] , the king recognised it as
27 [[ 1929 ]] , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] . in [[ 1943 ]] , a [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 ]] , the king recognised it as the legitimate
30 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] . in [[ 1943 ]] , a [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 ]] , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in [[ november 1945 ]] the monarchy was abolished . [[ yugoslavia ]] was renamed the [[ federal
31 ]] [[ 1941 ]] . in [[ 1943 ]] , a [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 ]] , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in [[ november 1945 ]] the monarchy was abolished . [[ yugoslavia ]] was renamed the [[ federal people '
39 government , but in [[ november 1945 ]] the monarchy was abolished . [[ yugoslavia ]] was renamed the [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] in [[ 1946 ]] , when a [[ communist government ]] was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[ rijeka ]] , and [[ zadar ]] from [[ italy ]]
48 [[ zadar ]] from [[ italy ]] . [[ partisan ]] leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in [[ 1980 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] , the country was renamed again as the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics that made up the country
49 ]] from [[ italy ]] . [[ partisan ]] leader [[ josip broz tito ]] ruled the country as president until his death in [[ 1980 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] , the country was renamed again as the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics that made up the country were the
705879445 1 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | serbians ]] but included 37 , 000 jews . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] , with the former
720125001 1 , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to [[ catholicism ]] ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | serbians ]] but included 37 , 000 jews . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org / odot _ pdf / microsoft % 20word % 20 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] , with the former
842760122 0 : {{ lang | rue | югославия }} , < small > [[ transcription ( linguistics ) | transcr . ]] < / small > ' ' juhoslavija ' ' ) < ref group = note > {{ lang - sq | jugosllavia }} ; {{ lang - hu | jugoszlávia }} ; {{ lang - sk | juhoslávia }} ; {{ lang - ro | iugoslavia }} ; {{ lang - cs | jugoslávie }} ; {{ lang - it | iugoslavia }} {{ ipa - it | juɡozˈlaːvja | } } ; {{ lang - tr | yugoslavya }} ; {{ lang - bg | югославия }} , < small > [[ transcription ( linguistics ) | transcr . ]] < / small > ' ' jugoslavija ' ' . < / ref > was a country in [[ southeast europe | southeastern ]] and [[ central europe ]] for most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i
857344426 7 | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 – 1941 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 – 1992 ) | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start = 1 december | year _ start
13 government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 – 1941 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 – 1992 ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]] | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start = 1 december | year _ start
group 48
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
252009872 1 | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of kosovo . svg | < center > [[ kosovo ]] < br > ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | <
252030779 1 | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of kosovo . svg | < center > [[ kosovo ]] < br > ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | <
252034361 1 | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of kosovo . svg | < center > [[ kosovo ]] < br > ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | <
254441345 0 as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of former yugoslav republic of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[
254442227 3 as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of former yugoslav republic of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center
257724223 1 | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of kosovo . svg | < center > ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < br > ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | <
257769716 2 of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . < center > < gallery caption = " flags of the new states " perrow = 6 > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg |
9 new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : 4em ; " | < center > [[ image : bosnia and herzegovina coats : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of
16 center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | <
28 [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : coat image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia
35 | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : coat image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / gallery > < / center > = = = remaining cultural
48 of the new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of
49 new states " perrow = 6 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | < center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia |
52 center > [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] < / center > image : flag of croatia . svg | < center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[
56 center > [[ croatia ]] < / center > image : flag of macedonia . svg | < center > [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center
59 [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] < / center > image : flag of montenegro . svg | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < /
62 | < center > [[ montenegro ]] < / center > image : flag of serbia . svg | < center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / gallery > < / center > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties
262054633 1 ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > image file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > image : coat of
2 = 6 > image : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > image file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < /
6 [[ bogoljub kočović ]] showed that the actual number of dead was about 1 million . = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > image file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > image : coat of arms
7 perrow = 6 > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > image file : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < /
8 . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ image file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces . ]] [[ image : marsal tito . jpg | thumb |
11 " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ image file : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ image
13 - | 2 . [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ image file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : sr croatia coa . png | 40px ]]
14 | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image file : sr croatia coa . png | 40px ]] < center > | - | 3 . [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size :
15 - | 3 . [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image file : flag of sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia
17 | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style
18 montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | < center > [[ image file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]]
19 < / nowiki > | < center > [[ image : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5 . [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : 5a . {{ smaller | [[
20 }} | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ image file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]]
21 [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 6 . [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size
22 - | 6 . [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ image file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]]
23 | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * < / nowiki > now [[ podgorica
31 " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ image file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ image :
33 < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ image file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px
34 " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90
35 center > | - | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia .
36 " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size
37 < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ image file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px
38 " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 %
39 < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ image file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px
40 " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 %
41 < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ image file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px
42 " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]]
266322892 0 [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : republic - of - macedonia - coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size :
266323076 0 ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : republic - of - macedonia - coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style =
286369241 0 ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ the _ republic - of - macedonia - coat - of - arms . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]]
3 [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ the _ republic - of - macedonia - coat - of - arms . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font
288717184 0 ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ the _ republic _ of _ macedonia coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ;
1 [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ the _ republic _ of _ macedonia coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]]
318046156 3 zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
4 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr croatia coa . png | 40px ]] < center > | - coa of sr croatia coa . png | 40px ]] < center > | - | 3 . [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90
19 [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : width : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]]
36 [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center >
40 ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size
326164171 0 [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : new coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size :
326414659 0 [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : new coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size :
343725873 0 : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90
385373143 0 zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr _ croatia _ coa of sr croatia . png | 40px ]] < center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia .
394554278 0 zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr _ croatia _ coa sr croatia coa . png | 40px ]] < center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]]
400599300 14 > [[ flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat thumb | right | of arms of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb |
439457771 3 size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > : [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style =
468701811 39 ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic
59 center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | -
492545273 5 3 | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag socialist republic of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file :
493757717 0 flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr coat of arms of the socialist republic of serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png
496003280 7 ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' emblem ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina
542265570 4 ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! <
6 | capital ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' declared date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! !
555747797 7 ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ capital city | capital ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ flag ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ coat of arms ]] < center > ! ! < center > declared date of independence < center > ! ! < center > official state - recognized date of
583579699 0 ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr coat of arms of the socialist republic of slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | } in 1947 , negotiations between yugoslavia and bulgaria were led and finalized with the [[ bled agreement ]]
583581227 0 podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr coat of arms of the socialist republic of montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]]
656901506 31 are the following : { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! [[ list of countries | name ]] ! ! [[ capital city | capital ]] ! ! [[ flag ]] ! ! [[ coat of arms ]] ! ! declared date of independence ! ! official state - recognised date of independence ! ! public holiday used to celebrate independence | - | [[
43 - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | 25 june 1991 | 8 october 1991 {{ citation needed | date = august
47 - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 17 february 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of
50 of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 8 september 1991 | 8 april 1993 {{ citation needed
54 - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 21 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} |
59 - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 22 may 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} |
64 - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 25 june 1991 | 7 july 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni
847129961 0 anthem = " [[ national anthem of the kingdom of yugoslavia | himna kraljevine jugoslavije ]] " ( 1919 & ndash ; 1941 ) < br / > [[ file : national anthem of the kingdom of yugoslavia himna kraljevine jugoslavije . oga ]] - - - - " [[ hey , slavs | hej , slaveni ]] " ( 1945 & ndash ; 1992 ) < br / > [[ file
group 49
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
8640554 0 the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : coashs . jpg | framed | right | coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the
8640679 0 so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | marshal tito led yugoslavia from the end of world war ii until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[
13672323 9 in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as many other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . westerner attempts to reunite the partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - subasic agreement | tito - & # 352 ; uba & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; agreement ]] in june [[ 1944 ]] , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until
33738425 16 federation . autonomy of [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milošević ]] in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was
56069954 2 bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . [[ image ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]]
63330276 9 an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoners . = = = the independent state of croatia = = = {{ main | independent state of croatia }} [[ image : jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp
83862267 0 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationkingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . ]] '
88624227 0 the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] , [[ 2000 ]] . on [[
247935764 11 before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]]
15 / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war | invasion of yugoslavia [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[
18 yugoslavia = = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and autonomous proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] celebration . ]] on 7 april 1963 the nation changed its official
256387537 1 . = = yugoslav wars = = [[ image : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out
259633956 0 montenegro declared their independence ' s * february 17 , 2008 , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry
262054633 10 of yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces . ]] [[ image : marsal tito . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] . ]] [[ image file : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] congress . ]] {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia
26 right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ image file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists who wished
27 . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in ethnic cleansing of serbs from croatia . ]] [[ image file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow bosnia to
273577256 0 . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] i loveeeeeee mikeeeee [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and
273577328 0 . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] i loveeeeeee mikeeeee [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and
284619322 2 with serbia . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in ethnic cleansing of serbs from croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = 2009 - 04 - 18 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not
312573885 0 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . jebes cetnika ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb
312606479 0 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . jebes cetnika ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb
325215046 0 kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} and then ! miran moved to danmark , and it was all good fun . cause legoland was there ! [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry
325215058 0 kosovo ]] declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kosovo war }} and then ! miran moved to danmark , and it was all good fun . cause legoland was there ! [[ file : yugoslaviamap . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry
332320748 1 _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii - they lost = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to
332321220 1 _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii - they lost = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting " death to
347164096 5 | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and opposition to the autonomy of kosovo , inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] {{ fixbunching | mid }} [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered serb nationalists
24 ]] which he accused the serbian government of sponsoring . the independence of bosnia was against serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia resulted in the bosnian war against the [[ army of bosnia and herzegovina | arbih ]] which would see large numbers of atrocities such as genocide committed by all belligerents . karadžić is accused of sponsoring many of these incidents . photo by [[ mikhail evstafiev ]] . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ file :
26 , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement | date = april 2009 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow
347166295 1 state he initially wished to build was both against the serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia , and one which would disenfranchise non - bosniaks . ]] {{ fixbunching | mid }} [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup
2 a status threatned by each republic breaking away from the federation , in addition to his opposition to the the albanian authorities in kosovo , further inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] {{ fixbunching | mid }} [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered the serb
3 wished to remain in union with serbia - proper . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs ahead of croatia ' s independence . ]] {{ fixbunching | mid }} [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not allow
347166869 0 state he initially wished to build was both against the serbs ' desire for their territory to remain in yugoslavia , and one which would disenfranchise non - bosniaks . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia wartime 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | [[ yugoslav wars ]] , fronts in 1993 . ]] [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | state entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] {{ main | breakup
349071920 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ summary from | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years .
400599300 30 align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the kingdom of yugoslavia and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in
402618599 0 {st@rt} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ see also | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years .
403964619 0 | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : slobodan milosevic . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal desire to uphold the unity of serbs , a status threatened by each republic breaking away from the federation , in addition to his opposition to the albanian authorities in kosovo , further inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered the serb
1 to the albanian authorities in kosovo , further inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused to partition croatia on ethnic lines , which angered the serb population of croatia who had wished to remain in union with serbia - proper . this resulted in the outbreak of violence and war between croats and serbs ahead of croatia ' s independence . ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 140px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia , claiming that he would not
439457771 9 [[ kosovo ]] ' ' {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style =
446485759 0 yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ for | the [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years .
467914600 9 > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the republic of macedonia 1992 - 1995 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat
468701811 52 [[ serbia ]] ' s formal declaration of independence on 5 june . many view this as the final end of what was left of the former [[ yugoslavia ]] . = = legacy = = {{ main | former yugoslavia }} [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] = = =
493354776 0 asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years .
495585930 0 asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' '
495666744 1 {st@rt} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' '
495668696 21 asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ use dmy dates | date = february 2012 }} {{ pp - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years .
496174460 11 = {{ main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | sfr yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and provinces of yugoslavia ]] on 29 november 1945 , while still in exile , [[
504594307 0 - semi | small = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ about | the former country in the western balkans | the asteroid | 1554 yugoslavia }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' '
656901506 36 independence ! ! public holiday used to celebrate independence | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center
39 center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 1 march 1992 | 6 april 1992 {{ citation needed |
41 | 1 march 1992 | 6 april 1992 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 1 march | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg
45 | 25 june 1991 | 8 october 1991 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 25 june | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg
48 kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 17 february | - | [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of
52 | 8 september 1991 | 8 april 1993 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 8 september | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg
57 = august 2014 }} | 3 june 2006 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 21 may | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg
716053999 0 atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = breakup = = {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} {{ unreferenced | section | date = april 2016 }} [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia - try2 . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of yugoslavia ]] though the 1974 constitution reduced the power of the federal
845716673 0 _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | | image _ flag = [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] < br > < br > | image _ flag2 = [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = flag | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[
group 50
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
657082 1 yugoslavia ]] * [[ communications in yugoslavia ]] * [[ transportation in yugoslavia ]] * [[ military of yugoslavia ]] * [[ foreign relations of yugoslavia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * and [[ montenegro ]] * the [[ voivodina ]] region and its municipalities - [[ novi sad ]] and [[ subotica ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ belgrade ]] * [[
31628313 2 the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia tiger world ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted
63331191 11 established six constituent republics and two autonomous provinces . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * , with capital in [[ skopje ]] , # socialist republic of [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous
152905578 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was
152911777 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was
192911741 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] in addition , on [[ 17 february ]] [[ 2008 ]] , [[
193894652 5 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was
193899901 5 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was
194084019 2 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was
194172419 1 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was
194423248 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was
199227355 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( pending full international recognition ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was
199793482 1 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( pending full international recognition ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was
199794579 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( pending full international recognition ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was
199794926 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] pending fullrecognition is not recognition . don ' t jump the gun . * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was
199795049 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] pending fullrecognition is not recognition . don ' t jump the gun . * [[ kosovo ]] ( * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was
199795480 2 . svg | macedonia image : flag of montenegro . svg | montenegro image : flag of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia recognition ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was
201577676 2 = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( pending full international recognition ) * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was
206594988 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * * partially recognized breakaway province of [[ kosovo ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former
206597640 2 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was
210316137 2 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ macedonia | republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav
210766272 0 = = new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] as well as the partially reconised state [[ kosovo ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]]
210766615 0 new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo | republic of kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav republic
210766692 1 the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo | republic of kosovo ) ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav republic to
210766951 0 present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo | kosovo ( republic of kosovo ) kosovoν ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina ]] the first former yugoslav republic to
210767374 0 = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo | republic of kosovoν kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina | asutonomous province of vojvodina ]] the
210773864 6 new states = = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo | republic of kosovo ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] * [[ vojvodina | autonomous province of vojvodina ]]
group 51
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
3458207 0 was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ msg : disambig }} {{ msg : sfry }} [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[
4855507 0 was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ disambig }} {{ sfry }} [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ nl :
8640415 7 the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] is discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after first yugoslavia . [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien
34981679 0 / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . burek . co . yu burek forum ] the biggest forum in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs
49792052 0 www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . burek . co . yu burek forum ] the biggest forum in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http :
63327901 0 hss ) . however , the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were
1 was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = opposition to the new state = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were met for
67806938 0 , serbia and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # fefe40 | slovenia }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | croatia }} {{ legend | # 800080 | republic of macdonia macedonia }} {{ legend | # 008000 | bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff0080 | republika srpska
87124473 1 > {{ legend | # fe0000 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , federal republic of yugoslavia , serbia and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # ffff00 | slovenia ]] }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | croatia }} {{ legend | # 800080 | republic of macedonia }} {{ legend | # 008000 | bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend
3 federal republic of yugoslavia , federal republic of yugoslavia , serbia and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # ffff00 | slovenia }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | croatia ]] }} {{ legend | # 800080 | republic of macedonia }} {{ legend | # 008000 | bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and
4 , serbia and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # ffff00 | slovenia }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | croatia }} {{ legend | # 800080 | republic of [[ macedonia }} {{ legend | # 008000 | bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | republika
5 serbia and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # ffff00 | slovenia }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | croatia }} {{ legend | # 800080 | republic of macedonia ]] }} {{ legend | # 008000 | bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | republika srpska
7 ffff00 | slovenia }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | croatia }} {{ legend | # 800080 | republic of macedonia }} {{ legend | # 008000 | bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }}
87967302 1 800080 | republic of [[ macedonia ]] }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} {{ legend | # c00000 | kosovo }} {{ legend | #
3 legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | republika srpska ]] }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} {{ legend | # c00000 | kosovo }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s
5 ]] }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district ]] }} {{ legend | # c00000 | kosovo }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]]
87967436 1 ]] }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | [[ republika srpska ]] }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | [[ brčko district ]] }} {{ legend | # c00000 | kosovo ]] }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[
89053587 1 , serbia }} {{ legend | # ffff00 | [[ slovenia ]] }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | [[ croatia ]] }} {{ legend | # 800080 | republic of [[ macedonia ]] }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend
94995394 8 control < br > key : < br > {{ legend | # fe0000 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , federal republic of yugoslavia , serbia and montenegro , serbia . }} {{ legend | # ffff00 | [[ slovenia ]] }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | [[ croatia ]] }} {{ legend | # 800080 | [[ republic of macedonia
10 , federal republic of yugoslavia , serbia and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # ffff00 | [[ slovenia ]] }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | [[ croatia ]] . }} {{ legend | # 800080 | [[ republic of macedonia ]] }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # 8080ff |
11 {{ legend | # ffff00 | [[ slovenia ]] }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | [[ croatia ]] }} {{ legend | # 800080 | [[ republic of macedonia ]] . }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | #
12 | # 0000fe | [[ croatia ]] }} {{ legend | # 800080 | [[ republic of macedonia ]] }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | [[ republika srpska ]] }} {{ legend | # 00fe00
13 [[ republic of macedonia ]] }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] . }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | [[ republika srpska ]] }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | [[ brčko district ]] }} {{ legend | # c00000 | [[ kosovo
14 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | [[ republika srpska ]] . }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | [[ brčko district ]] }} {{ legend | # c00000 | [[ kosovo ]] }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | [[ montenegro ]]
15 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | [[ republika srpska ]] }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | [[ brčko district ]] . }} {{ legend | # c00000 | [[ kosovo ]] }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | [[ montenegro ]] }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4
16 {{ legend | # ff80ff | [[ republika srpska ]] }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | [[ brčko district ]] }} {{ legend | # c00000 | [[ kosovo ]] . }} {{ legend | # d3ae3b | [[ montenegro ]] }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic
102048114 2 # 0000fe | [[ croatia ]] . }} {{ legend | # 800080 | [[ republic of macedonia ]] . }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] as two countries which is not acceptable . }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]] . }} {{ legend | # ff80ff | [[ republika srpska ]] . }} {{ legend
122414491 0 protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav war ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] {{ yug - timeline }} = = references = = ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]]
16 : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : југославија ]] [[ fi : jugoslavia ]] [[ sv : jugoslavien ]] [[ zh : 南斯拉夫 ]] [[ fi : jugoslavian ]] [[ tr : yugoslavya ]]
group 60
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
5747385 0 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] yugoslavia is also the worlds capital for sluts = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] is discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after first yugoslavia . [[ category : former
5832206 0 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] yugoslavia is also the worlds capital for sluts = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] is discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after first yugoslavia . [[ category : former
11392223 0 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = references = =
44309697 7 2015 . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also =
68736624 0 three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' hi ! ! ! = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
68738113 0 three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' hi ! ! ! = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
92887025 2 three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
92889222 1 1 ]] [[ 2007 ]] they will be encircled by member - states of eu . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = similarity of the languages and long history of common life have left many ties between the peoples of the new states , even though the state policies of the new states favours differentiation , particularly in the language area . once the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several literary and spoken variants and was also the lingua - franca where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ macedonia ]] and [[ kosovo ]] ) . now separate standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ serbian language ]] and to some extent also the [[ montenegrin language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first generation offspring of such marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare as undecided . remembrance of the times of the joint state , it ' s perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . in most present - day independent states yugonostalgic sentiments are considered improper . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
182596844 0 [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . and i like patooties ! = d = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
182607984 0 [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . and i like patooties ! = d = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
185137188 0 [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . the perisics are one of the last few remaining yugoslavians in the world . they currently reside in new york in a run down building . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
185137287 0 [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . the perisics are one of the last few remaining yugoslavians in the world . they currently reside in new york in a run down building . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
185138382 0 [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . yugoslavia has been considered by many historians to be an utter failure of a country . its former massive population of 7 families have all migrated to new york . one of the most ancient and connected yugoslavian families are the pursics . this rare family is known for the geometrical shaped heads of its offspring and are considered very rare for bounty hunters . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
185243689 0 [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . yugoslavia has been considered by many historians to be an utter failure of a country . its former massive population of 7 families have all migrated to new york . one of the most ancient and connected yugoslavian families are the pursics . this rare family is known for the geometrical shaped heads of its offspring and are considered very valuable to galactic bounty hunters . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
192362907 0 [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . yugoslavia was destroyed by west german imperialism , with the connivance of the european union ( or " community " , as it then was . ) hans - dietrich genscher and david owen had a lot to do with this . so here we are , back in 1914 . the black hand gang . no , well let ' s not do all that again . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
192369309 0 [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . yugoslavia was destroyed by west german imperialism , with the connivance of the european union ( or " community " , as it then was . ) hans - dietrich genscher and david owen had a lot to do with this . so here we are , back in 1914 . the black hand gang . no , well let ' s not do all that again . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
196151212 0 [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . donald is the king of yugoslavia because he is a mutant crap eating walrus that can ' t speak english . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
196203155 0 [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . donald is the king of yugoslavia because he is a mutant crap eating walrus that can ' t speak english . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
207358209 0 [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . after a brief meeting at the u . n . everyone realized that yugoslavia was basically a piece of shit compared to every other country ever , so the united states bought yugoslavia for 3 buttons , a shiny piece of foil , and half a gumball george bush jr . had in his pocket = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
207367494 0 [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . after a brief meeting at the u . n . everyone realized that yugoslavia was basically a piece of shit compared to every other country ever , so the united states bought yugoslavia for 3 buttons , a shiny piece of foil , and half a gumball george bush jr . had in his pocket = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
258857956 0 attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( jugonostalgija ) . a lot of aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided and inertness it allowed . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see
292455036 0 to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . yugoslavia is famous for cows and pigs . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
292455112 0 to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . yugoslavia is famous for cows and pigs . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
311526730 0 to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . * famous rock and
322016528 0 with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
322016817 0 with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also
group 61
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
56779575 4 february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of [[ may 22 ]] [[ 2006 ]] montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state ; montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , effectively dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = ' ' ' background ' ' ' = = during the early period of the world
57059880 8 as an independent state . montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , effectively dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = during the early period of the world war one ( 1914 ) ,
64572469 2 with only minimal loss of life on both sides . recently the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day _ war # holmec _ incident | footage ]] of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in
67313073 4 , croats and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom _ of _ yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in [[ 1929 ]] ]] = = = opposition to the new state = = = with the end of [[
5 and slovenes = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom _ of _ yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in [[ 1929 ]] ]] = = = opposition to the new state = = = with the end of [[ world war
82799705 6 pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . it was the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration which , in [[ 1984 ]] , had adopted a supported imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . this , naturally , undermined a central pillar
82813167 8 interests and began pushing towards [[ neoliberalism ]] , to the delight of the us . the [[ ronald reagan | reagan ]] administration , in [[ 1984 ]] , had supported imf / [[ world bank group | world bank ]] adopted a " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist " restoration " . this , naturally , undermined a
94926507 0 [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is sometimes also used as a vague general term referring to those areas traditionally inhabited by [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] , [[ slovenes ]] and [[ montenegrins ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in
94927244 1 is sometimes also used as a vague general term referring to those areas traditionally inhabited by [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] , [[ slovenes ]] and [[ montenegrins ]] and [[ bosniaks ]] ; and sometimes [[ albanians ]] and [[ macedonians ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged
94935203 0 [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is sometimes also used as a vague general term referring to those areas traditionally inhabited by [[ serbs ]] , [[ croats ]] , [[ slovenes ]] , [[ montenegrins ]] and [[ bosniaks ]] ; and sometimes [[ albanians ]] and [[ macedonians ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in
138150216 0 on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation forever . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged
138153249 0 on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation forever . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged
192438632 0 [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo delcared independence form serbia , further dividing the former country . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic
192522697 1 their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo delcared independence form serbia , further dividing the former country and ending yugoslavia altogether . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south
193729606 0 their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , further dividing the former country and ending yugoslavia altogether . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south
193894652 2 respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , further dividing the former country declaration illegitimate . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south
193899901 3 remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , despite not being in accordance with united nations resolution 1244 making the declaration illegitimate former country . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south
198775163 0 thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act not recognized by [[ serbia ]] further dividing the former country . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged
206808719 34 their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act not recognized by [[ serbia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs
35 , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act not recognized by [[ serbia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged
206810242 5 of the loose agreement . on [[ february 18 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act fiercely opposed by serbia opposes ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged
210755078 1 [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] unilaterally [[ 2008 kosovo declaration of independence | declared independence ]] from serbia , an act that serbia [[ serbia ' s reaction to the 2008 kosovo declaration of independence | fiercely opposes ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged in
218520678 0 [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences , thereby ending the last remnants of a yugoslav state . yahhh _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged in
218520680 0 [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences , thereby ending the last remnants of a yugoslav state . yahhh _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged in
236538465 1 croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = [[ image : former _ yugoslavia _ wartime _ 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png
2 since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights . = = yugoslav wars = = [[ image : former _ yugoslavia _ wartime _ 1 . png | 250px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px
246788976 0 name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged in
251007548 0 montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed by serbia . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged
251363174 5 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed by serbia . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs ]] emerged
279273442 0 [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . pooed _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs |
279273471 0 [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still pooed disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs |
284695040 20 politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs from the idea of unity . fyr macedonia | former yugoslav republic of macedonia _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs |
288717184 4 | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ;
5 center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " |
294074180 0 is , however , still disputed . the last country to have any yugoslav attribute in its name is the [[ fyr macedonia | former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] . the country ' s main export is now porn and captive / enslaved american and western european women . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs |
294090117 0 is , however , still disputed . the last country to have any yugoslav attribute in its name is the [[ fyr macedonia | former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] . the country ' s main export is now porn and captive / enslaved american and western european women . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs |
294867442 0 name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . the last country to have any yugoslav attribute in its name is the [[ fyr macedonia | former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs |
294877361 0 name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . the last country to have any yugoslav attribute in its name is the [[ fyr macedonia | former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs |
295007625 0 [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . the last country to have any yugoslav attribute in its name is the [[ fyr macedonia | former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[
301150997 0 ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . the last country to have any yugoslav attribute in its name is [[ macedonia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs |
325621246 4 [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed in progress . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs
325697061 8 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its international recognition is , however , still in progress disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs
342025641 1 center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry
2 [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia .
583308010 3 center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ macedonia _ ( 1946 - 2009 ) . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style
4 [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ macedonia _ ( 1946 - 2009 ) . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = "
5 : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ macedonia _ ( 1946 - 2009 ) . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font -
588056015 0 . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was result of [[ https : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / corfu _ declaration ]] , as project of serbian parliament in exile and serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia
588256173 0 , while the regions of [[ kosovo ]] , [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ vardar macedonia ]] were parts of serbia prior to the unification ) . serbian royal [[ house _ of _ karadjordjevic ]] , became yugoslav royalty . it gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the conference of ambassadors in paris . < ref > http : /
817772770 0 yugoslavia . svg | | image _ flag = flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | flag = flag of yugoslavia | flag _ type = flag ( 1918 - 1941 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image
1 leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]] | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] image | flag _ border = | image _ coat = | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _
2 = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]] | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date flag2 _ start = 1 december 1918 | event1 = [[ invasion of yugoslavia | axis invasion ]] | date _ event1 = 6 april 1941 | event2 = [[ abolition of
6 april 1941 | event2 = [[ abolition of monarchy ]] | date _ event2 = 29 november 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date flag ( 1946 - _ end = 27 april 1992 | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1918 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _
8 = [[ abolition of monarchy ]] | date _ event2 = 29 november 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april | date _ start = 1 december | year _ start = 1918 1992 | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 = 1918 | stat _ area1 = | stat _ pop1 = | stat _ year2 = | stat _
10 ! }} federal republic of yugoslavia | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | | image _ flag = flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | flag = flag of yugoslavia | flag _ type = flag ( 1918 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map
818641417 4 yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag ( 1918 - 1941 ) | image _ flag2 = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag2 _ type = flag ( 1946 - 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _
818929715 0 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = east southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg
818932945 6 | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) < br / > [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1992 - 03 ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]] | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia
12 . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : grb jugoslavije . svg | 70px ]] | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _
819799425 1 : coat of arms of serbia and montenegro . svg | 70px ]] | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = history _ of _ yugoslavia . svg | image _ location map _ caption = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1939 ) < br > [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] ( 1943 - 1992 ) < br > [[ fr
2 and montenegro . svg | 70px ]] | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = history _ of _ yugoslavia . svg | image _ map . svg | image _ map _ caption = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1939 ) < br > [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] ( 1943 - 1992 ) < br > [[ fr yugoslavia
9 | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) < br / > [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1992 - 03 ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of yugoslavia | president ]] | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia
819802306 0 fr yugoslavia | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | | image _ flag = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag ( 1945 - 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = grb jugoslavije . svg | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map .
1 yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag | flag _ border = | image _ coat = grb jugoslavije . svg | symbol = | symbol _ type = emblem ( 1963 - 1992 ) | symbol _ type _ article = emblem of yugoslavia | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = |
2 | image _ flag = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag | flag _ border = | image _ coat = grb jugoslavije . svg | symbol = | symbol _ type = | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg | image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns =
819802680 0 name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia {{ ! }} serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = state of slovenes , croats and serbs | flag _ p2 =
819812809 0 move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia | native _ name = ' ' jugoslavija ' ' < br / > југославија | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia {{ !
819821056 0 = | longm = | longew = | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = 1921 - 1945 : [[ serbo - croato - slovene ]] {{ ref label | scs | a | } | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 )
8 languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 [[ socialist state | socialist ]] [[ republic ]] < br / > {{ small | ) | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start =
9 | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) 1992 | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of yugoslavia | creation ]] | date _ start = 1
10 flag | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | a | } }} } | footnote _ a = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language |
11 | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | a | } } } | footnote _ a = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo
819821999 7 {{ flag | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | a | } = {{ note } | footnote _ b = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language |
8 | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | a | } } scs }} [[ serbo - croatian ]] and [[ slovene language | slovene ]] are separate languages , but that was not officially accepted or universally acknowledged at the time , and ' serbo - croato - slovene ' was declared the single official language ( ' ' srpsko - hrvatsko - slovenački ; ' ' also translated " serbocroatoslovenian " ) . in practice it functioned as serbo - croatian . < ref > {{ cite book | title = entangled histories of the balkans : volume one : national ideologies and language policies | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = fgmjqmflygoc & pg = pa371 | year = 2013 | publisher = koninklijke brill nv | isbn = 978 - 90 - 04 - 25076 - 5 | page = 371 | editor1 - first = rumen | editor1 - last = daskalov | editor2 - first = tchavdar | editor2 - last = marinov | chapter = language and identity : the fate of serbo - croatian | first = ronelle | last = alexander | quote = now , however , the official language of the new state , the kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenes , bore the unwieldy name serbo - croato - slovene ( ' ' srpsko - hrvatsko - slovenački ' ' ) . }} < / ref > < ref > {{ cite book | last1 = wojciechowski | first1 = sebastian | last2 = burszta | first2 = wojciech j . | last3 = kamusella | first3 = tomasz | title = nationalisms across the globe : an overview of nationalisms in state - endowed and stateless nations | volume = 2 | url = https : / / books . google . com / books ? id = hxyuaqaaiaaj | year = 2006 | publisher = school of humanities and journalism | isbn = 978 - 83 - 87653 - 46 - 0 | page = 79 | quote = similarly , the 1921 constitution declared serbocroatoslovenian as the official and national language of the kingdom of serbs , croats , and slovenians . }} < / ref > | footnote _ b = {{ note | ksv }} {{ kosovo - note }} }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo
820074810 0 > {{ small | ( 1918 – 1920 ) }} < br / > [[ yugoslav dinar ]] < br / > {{ small | ( 1920 – 1992 ) }} | today = {{ flag | serbia }} < br / > {{ flag | croatia }} < br / > {{ flag | bosnia and herzegovina }} < br / > {{ flag | montenegro }} < br / > {{ flag | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | b | } } | footnote _ a = {{ note | scs }} [[ serbo - croatian ]] and [[ slovene language | slovene ]] are separate languages , but that was not officially
820172521 0 > {{ small | ( 1918 – 1920 ) }} < br / > [[ yugoslav dinar ]] < br / > {{ small | ( 1920 – 1992 ) }} | today = {{ flag | serbia }} < br / > {{ flag | croatia }} < br / > {{ flag | bosnia and herzegovina }} < br / > {{ flag | montenegro }} < br / > {{ flag | slovenia }} < br / > {{ flag | macedonia }} < br / > {{ flag | kosovo }} {{ ref label | ksv | b | } } | footnote _ a = {{ note | scs }} [[ serbo - croatian ]] and [[ slovene language | slovene ]] are separate languages , but that was not officially
824490818 3 s4 = republic of bosnia and herzegovina {{ ! }} bosnia and herzegovina | flag _ s4 = flag of bosnia and herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | s5 = serbia and montenegro {{ ! }} federal republic of yugoslavia thumb | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | image _ flag = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag ( 1945 –
4 | flag _ s4 = flag of bosnia and herzegovina ( 1992 - 1998 ) . svg | s5 = serbia and montenegro {{ ! }} federal republic of yugoslavia | flag _ s5 = flag of fr yugoslavia . svg | image _ flag = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | flag _ type = flag ( 1945 – 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = grb jugoslavije . svg | symbol _ type = emblem ( 1963 – 1992 ) | symbol _ type _ article = emblem of yugoslavia | image _ map = yugoslavia location map . svg right | image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = | longd = | longm = | longew = | national _ motto = |
833505917 1 [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 120px ]] < br > < br > [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = flag | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg |
845946945 0 . svg | 120px | border ]] | image _ flag2 = [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : grb
1 svg | 120px | border ]] | image _ flag2 = [[ file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = flag ( pre - 1945 ) < br / > bottom : flag ( post - 1945 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : grb jugoslavije
845969538 3 yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( pre - 1945 ) < br / > bottom : flag ( post - 1945 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : grb
846863177 1 = 1918 – 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = state of slovenes , croats and serbs montenegro | flag _ p2 = flag of the state of slovenes , croats and serbs . svg | s1 = croatia | flag _ s1 = flag of croatia . svg
846864398 6 languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 – 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 – 92 1992 ) | title _ leader = [[ list of presidents of czechoslovakia | president ]] | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of
847130150 0 yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia ( 1929 & ndash ; 1992 ) | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918
847130224 3 _ long _ name = yugoslavia ( 1929 & ndash ; 1992 ) - - - - kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) < / small > | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918
847189388 4 _ long _ name = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes < small > ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) < / small > - - - - yugoslavia < small > ( 1929 & ndash ; 1992 ) < / small > | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918
847902924 0 = yes }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes < small > ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) < / small > | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918
848178566 4 _ long _ name = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes < small > ( 1918 & ndash ; 1929 ) < / small > - - - - yugoslavia < small > ( 1929 & ndash ; 1992 ) < / small > | native _ name = | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918
857344426 0 move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} {{ infobox former country | conventional _ long _ name = yugoslavia | native _ name = југославија < br > {{ small | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' }} | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br /
2 ndash ; 1992 ) < br / > [[ file : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = [[ yugoslavs ]] | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 – 1941 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]]
3 ; 1992 ) < br / > [[ file : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common official _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 – 1941 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945
4 br / > [[ file : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = [[ serbo - croatian ]] < br > [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] < br > [[ slovene language | slovene ]] | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 – 1941 ) < br / > [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 – 1992 )
8 1 december | year _ start = 1918 | event1 = [[ invasion of yugoslavia | axis invasion ]] | date _ event1 = 6 april 1941 | event2 = [[ abolition of monarchy united nations charter | admitted ]] to the [[ united nations | un ]] | date _ event2 = 29 november 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april | year _
9 event1 = [[ invasion of yugoslavia | axis invasion ]] | date _ event1 = 6 april 1941 | event2 = [[ abolition of monarchy ]] | date _ event2 = 29 november 24 october 1945 | event _ end = [[ breakup of yugoslavia | disintegration ]] | date _ end = 27 april | year _ end = 1992 | stat _ year1 =
857748479 4 svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( 1918 – 1941 ) < br / > bottom : flag ( 1945 – 1992 ) [[ emblem of yugoslavia | emblem ]] < small > | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]] [[ file : grb jugoslavije
group 62
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
19346610 0 . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . balkan - archive . org . yu / politics / war in former yugoslavia ] ( pictures of the hidden side of the war that nobody wants to show , etc . ) * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]]
19347607 0 . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . balkan - archive . org . yu / politics / war in former yugoslavia ] ( pictures of the hidden side of the war that nobody wants to show , etc . ) * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]]
29417166 0 . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . balkan - archive . org . yu / politics / war in former yugoslavia ] ( pictures of the hidden side of the war that nobody wants to show , etc . ) * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] {{ commons | yugoslavia }} [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe
41324520 0 ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] - ' ' bosnia - a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * gil - white , francisco . : [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] historical and investigative research , 2005 . * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [
41776346 2 / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] historical and investigative research , 2005 francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] *
3 in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]]
4 ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] - ' ' bosnia - a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * gil - white , francisco . : [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo
43983539 0 , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / ihralija1 . htm what really happened in bosnia ? ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr .
1 family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search
44050992 0 francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / ihralija1 . htm what really happened in bosnia ? ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / kosovo . htm the serbs were not oppressing the albanians ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr .
1 family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search
44099373 0 , and scholars lied about milosevic ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / ihralija1 . htm what really happened in bosnia ? ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / kosovo . htm the serbs were not oppressing the albanians ] * [ http : / /
1 francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / ihralija1 . htm what really happened in bosnia ? ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / kosovo . htm the serbs were not oppressing the albanians ] * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [
2 in ex yugoslavia region {{ commons | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / /
3 family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search
44309697 8 of europe ]] * [[ yugoslav wars | wars of yugoslav succession ]] * [[ alexander , crown prince of yugoslavia ]] = = references = = * {{ loc }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] - '
44514555 0 note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / wwww . southslavs . com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [
1 family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search
44939490 0 crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / kosovo . htm " the serbs were not oppressing the kosovo albanians " ] * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / ihralija1 . htm " what really happened in bosnia ? " ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[
47561201 0 ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . southslavs . com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard media view of what happened in yugoslavia ] from emperor ' s clothes * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [
1 family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search
49792052 1 family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search
50040357 0 note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] – ' ' bosnia – a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . southslavs . com the origin of the south slavs ] * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard media view of what happened in yugoslavia
1 family of serbia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html www - vl : history : yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search
65111870 3 un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs
70597055 0 tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard media view of what happened in yugoslavia ] from emperor ' s clothes * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milošević ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [
1 search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm
104931749 0 * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net – covering wars in former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com
1 search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm
118201560 0 guides , london , 2006 * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html , monday , dec . 04
124198398 0 loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . tenc . net / yugo . htm a library of analysis and documents refuting the standard media view of what happened in yugoslavia ] from emperor ' s clothes * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [
1 search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm
158100448 0 crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf yugoslavia , the outworn structure ( cia report from november 1970 ) ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm
158105237 4 : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf yugoslavia , the outworn structure ( cia report from november 1970 ) ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe /
194224849 0 = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] this is soo stupid because it is not true because you can edit it muahahahahaha ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com
194224860 0 = = * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] this is soo stupid because it is not true because you can edit it muahahahahaha ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com
216850189 17 , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 ]] * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html new power ] *
24 www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( cia ) report from november 1970 ]] ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe /
219529741 19 ]] * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , [[ 2006 ]] * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : '
347244560 1 reflist | colwidth = 30em }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = = notes = = = [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b
3 footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the < ref ( erences / ) > tags --> {{ reflist | colwidth = 30em }} * {{ loc }} [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b
369822130 0 / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject
394554278 1 serbs ]] , [[ catholic ]] [[ croats ]] , and [[ muslim ]] [[ bosniaks ]] and the rise of nationalism contributed to the collapse of yugoslavia in 1991 . name = " http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > after the rise of [[ communism
8 applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < /
400599300 69 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / digital . library . unt . edu / govdocs / crs / search . tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www
70 / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * [ http : / / www . slobodnajugoslavija . com / slobodna jugoslavija ] * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [
71 = de & sig = ehuyv6lzcu4v7njp _ iingo90aju # ppp15 , m1 the first yugoslavia : search for a viable political system , by alex n . dragnich ] * [ http : / / www . royalfamily . org / the official website of the royal family of serbia ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380
72 . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece "
73 / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc news ] * [ http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west
74 ] : an article in the [ http : / / www . the - tls . co . uk tls ] by charles king about the dissolution of yugoslavia . * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia
77 . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ category
78 . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ category : yugoslavia
449175905 0 = 20 july 2009 }} < / ref > on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s independence was not illegal . < ref > {{ cite web news | url = http : / / www . bbc . co . uk / news / world - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says
468701811 29 july 2009 }} < / ref > on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kosovo ' s independence was not illegal . < ref > {{ cite web | title = former yugoslavia patches itself together : entering the yugosphere | publisher = [[ the economist ]] | date = 2009 - 08 - 20 | url = http : / / www . bbc . co . uk / news / world - europe - 10730573 | title = kosovo independence not illegal , says un
477414777 0 * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / repository . library . georgetown . edu / handle / 10822 / 552526 video on the conflict in the former yugoslavia ] from the [ https : / / repository . library . georgetown . edu / handle / 10822 / 552494 / browse ? type = title dean peter krogh foreign affairs digital archives ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380
1 . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " [[ cia ]] report from november 1970 ] * [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay the collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} {{ coord |
478217075 24 influence . < ref > {{ cite web | title = former yugoslavia patches itself together : entering the yugosphere | publisher = [[ the economist ]] | date = 2009 - 08 - 20 | url = http : / / www . economist . com / node / 14258861 | accessdate = 2011 - 11 - 11 }} < / ref > < ref
504980118 0 time homepage : ' ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} {{ wikiquote | yugoslavia }} {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} {{ eb1922 poster }} * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www
537097237 4 former republics . the united nations also [[ united nations security council resolution 777 | denied its request to automatically continue the membership of the former state ]] . < ref > {{ cite book | url name = http : / / www . mpil . de / shared / data / pdf / pdfmpunyb / wood _ 1 . pdf | title = max planck yearbook of
551604287 0 simon & schuster | isbn = 0 - 684 - 84441 - 9 | year = 1996 | page = 260 }} < / ref > < ref > {{ cite web news | url = http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / 2 / hi / special _ report / 1998 / kosovo / 110492 . stm |
1 hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on 6 april 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > < ref > [ http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941
3 serious threat to the post - war communist government ' s policies on national unity and state structure . < ref name = " atheism . about . com " > {{ cite web | url = http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm < / ref > after the rise of communism ,
585520810 0 ' new power ' ' ] = = external links = = {{ commons | yugoslavia }} {{ wikiquote | yugoslavia }} {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} {{ eb1922 poster }} * {{ wikiatlas | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / vlib . iue . it / history / europe / yugoslavia . html european university institute yugoslavia ] * [ http : / / www
715895448 4 serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the country was named after the [[ south slavs |
730832904 0 links = = {{ commons category | yugoslavia }} {{ wikiquote | yugoslavia }} {{ wiktionary | yugoslavia }} {{ eb1922 poster }} * {{ wikiatlas | yugoslavia }} * [ http : / / web . archive . org / web / 20120212164932 / http : / / www . ohr . int / ohr - info / maps / maps ] * {{ cite americana | wstitle = jugoslavia | author = milivoy s
792851831 0 hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on 6 april 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > [ < ref > http : / / arquivo . pt / wayback / 20091015085557 / http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in
2 , 1941 * white , t . : ' ' another fool in the balkans – in the footsteps of rebbecca west ' ' . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [ http : / / www . time . com / time / magazine / article / 0 , 9171 , 796967 , 00 . html time homepage : ' ' new
810322391 0 decided to attack yugoslavia on 6 april 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / arquivo . pt / wayback / 20091015085557 / http : / / www1 . yadvashem . org . il / about _ holocaust / month _ in
818985113 5 * [ http : / / www . ericdigests . org / 1995 - 2 / bosnia . htm teaching about conflict and crisis in the former yugoslavia ] * [ https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20121215042159 / http : / / repository . library . georgetown . edu / handle / 10822 / 552526 video on the conflict in the former yugoslavia ] from the [ https :
851798527 0 , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * [ https : / / web . archive . org / web / 20060627040113 / http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia
853814420 2 go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi / world / europe / 4997380 . stm timeline : break - up of yugoslavia at bbc ] * [ https : / / archive . is / 20121209054358 / http : / / entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / the _ tls / article3410344 . ece " where the west
group 63
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
298091 12 currently officially recognised by the [[ united states ]] . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / b > yu < i > from the [[ cia world factbook ]] 2000 . not wikified . < / i > * [[ / history | history ]] * [[ / geography | geography ]] * [[ / people | people ]] * [[ / government | government ]] * [[ / economy | economy ]] * [[ / communications | communications ]] * [[ / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ / military | military ]] * [[ / transnational issues | transnational issues ]]
20114 1 in 2000 ( or was it 2001 ? ) . < i > from the [[ cia world factbook ]] 2000 . not wikified . < / i > * [[ yugoslavia / history | history ]] * [[ / geography | geography ]] * [[ / people | people ]] * [[ / government | government ]] * [[ / economy |
34484 5 | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / b > yu during most of the 20th century , a number of states in the balkan was unified under the name of the socialist federal republic of [[ yugoslavia ]] . all of them but
202246 0 level domain ) : < / b > yu < i > from the [[ cia world factbook ]] 2000 , with some wikification : < / i > * [[ history of yugoslavia / history | history ]] * [[ yugoslavia / geography | geography ]] * [[ yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] *
458439 0 ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > the flag is wrong . thats not right . it should have a star in the middle . tisk tisk . the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs
544511 0 ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > the flag is wrong . thats not right . it should have a star in the middle . tisk tisk . the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs
642225 0 ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > until 4th february , 2003 the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' is a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs
689653 0 [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > until 4th [[ february , 2003 the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' has been a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the
1 : yougoslavie ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > until 4th february 4 ]] , 2003 the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' has been a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[
904667 8 > < td > < i > fig . 1 - map of yugoslavia < / i > < / tr > < / td > < / table > the [[ united nations , and many individual states ( including the [[ united states ]] ) refused to recognise the remaining confederation of serbia and montenegro as the continuation of the socialist
1212343 2 pl : jugos % b3awia ]] < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > until [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' existed as a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] . yugoslavia formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom
1298298 21 two states is called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / b > yu < i > from the [[ cia world factbook ]] 2000 , with some wikification : < / i > = = related articles = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] * [[ geography of yugoslavia ]] * [[ demographics of yugoslavia ]] * [[ politics of yugoslavia ]] * [[ economy of yugoslavia ]] *
23 yugoslavia . - - - - < div style = " float : right " > [[ image : yugoslavia _ flag _ medium . png ]] < / div > the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' existed as a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] from [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] to [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . yugoslavia formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " in [[ 1929 ]] . after
54959737 0 kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . < big > kayla cronenbold says , " hello . " < / big > < big > oh wow ! < / big > = = kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = with the end of world war i and the downfall of austria - hungary and the
65111870 2 into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at [[ demographic history of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | 77 % ]] of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , < / ref > ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little
157503671 4 . < ref > [ http : / / atheism . about . com / library / world / kz / bl _ yugoreligiondemography . htm ] < / ref > connections between religious belief and nationality posed a serious threat to the post - war communist government ' s policies on national unity and state structure . after the rise of communism , a survey taken in 1964 showed that just over 70 % of the population of yugoslavia considered themselves religious believers . the places of highest religious concentration were that of kosovo
160654974 0 at first signs of the soviet and vmo liberation of yugoslavia < ref > the ss , hitler ' s instrument of terror . gordon williamson < / ref > . by the end of the april 1941 , [[ independent state of croatia ]] has been created , as a chief [[ nazi ]] sattelite in the region . it has aquired [[ fascist ]] racial policy , declaring [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma ]] the enemies of the state , in what was to become the begginning of the [[ genocide | jasenovac concetration camp ]] < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / < / ref > has been established , the largest of its kind anywhere in [[ southern europe ]] . between 300 , 000 and 700 , 000 people have perished in this [[ genocide | jasenovac concentration camp ]] ( supervised directly by the [[ croatian ]] wartime politicians such as [[ ante pavelic ]] ) ; the victims were overwhelmingly of [[ serbs | serbian origin ]] , but also 40 , 000 [[ roma ]] and 32 , 000 [[ jews ]] , ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jewishvirtuallibrary . org / jsource / holocaust / jasenovac . html < / ref > . = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movement
162279606 0 ref > . [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / < / ref > has been was established , the largest of its kind anywhere in [[ southern europe ]] . between 300 , 000 and 700 , 000 people have perished in this [[ genocide | jasenovac
165059312 8 org / < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jewishvirtuallibrary . org / jsource / holocaust / jasenovac . html < / ref > . < ref > http : / / www . vrisak . info / index . php ? option = com _ content & task = view & id = 1910 & itemid = 2 < ref > http : / / library . foi . hr / m3 / jrez . asp ? nema = i & b = 0 & n = 50 & v = & j = & k = u & o = & s = & upit = 940 . 547 . 2 & scrollaction = stranica + 2 = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance
165061331 1 . [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / < / ref > was established , the largest of its kind anywhere in [[ southern europe ]] . immediate post - war propaganda claimed that between 300 , 000 and 700 , 000 people perished in this [[ genocide | jasenovac concentration camp ]] ( supervised directly by
165061529 0 [[ jasenovac concentration camp modelled on similar institutions elsewhere ] < ref > http : / / www . jasenovac . org / whatwasjasenovac . php < / ref > . [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / < / ref > was established . immediate
165062781 8 < / ref > . jasenovac concentration camp < ref > http : / / www . pww . org / article / articleprint / 10551 / < / ref > was established . immediate post - war propaganda claimed that between 300 , 000 and 700 , 000 people perished in this [[ genocide | jasenovac concentration camp ]] ( supervised directly
171642391 1 & v = & j = & k = u & o = & s = & upit = 940 . 547 . 2 & scrollaction = stranica + 2 < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]]
177756970 5 ( now podgorica ) , # socialist republic of [[ serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . [[ socialist autonomous district of [[ kosovo ]] and metohija , with the capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . socialist autonomous province of [[ vojvodina ]] ,
7 contained : < br / > 5a . socialist autonomous district of [[ kosovo ]] and metohija , with the capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of [[ vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # socialist republic of [[ slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]]
197533834 0 , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} ign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir zerjavic ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by the [[ united nations ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew ]] ish and [[ roma people | roma ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaborationism | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nov organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = [[ image : liberationofbelgrademedal . jpg | 110px | left | thumb | c70 , 000 soviet and allied personnel were
197533958 0 , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = = resistance movements = = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} yugoslav ' s opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized a resistance movement . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ yugoslav army in the fatherland ]] , also known as the chetniks , serb royalist guerrilla army led by [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[ communist party of yugoslavia | communist party ]] ( ' ' komunistička partija ' ' ) , and were against the king , joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] ( ' ' narodno oslobodilačka vojska ' ' or nov ) , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a croatian national . chetniks were allies of united states in europe and they saved over 150 american pilots during operation : " vazdušni most " . the nov initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks initially made notable incursions and were supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]] , but were soon restrained from taking wider actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks terminated war activities against the germans , and the allies eventually switched to support the nov . however , nov carried on its guerrilla warfare . the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss is estimated at 1 , 027 , 000 individuals by [[ vladimir zerjavic ]] and [[ bogoljub kočović ]] , an estimate accepted by the [[ united nations ]] , while the official yugoslav authorities claimed 1 , 700 , 000 casualties . very high losses were among [[ serbs ]] who lived in bosnia and croatia , as well as [[ jew ]] ish and [[ roma people | roma ]] minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaborationism | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nov organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the liberation of yugoslavia = = = [[ image : liberationofbelgrademedal . jpg | 110px | left | thumb | c70 , 000 soviet and allied personnel were
206802676 14 3 october 1929 and henceforth it would be called " kingdom of yugoslavia " ( serbo - croatian and slovene ( latin only ) : kraljevina jugoslavija / краљевина југославија ; macedonian : кралство југославија . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and its army capitulated eleven days later . the legal
210767374 6 of serbia . svg | serbia image : flag of slovenia . svg | slovenia image : flag of vojvodina . svg | autonomous province of vojvodina < / gallery > < / gallery > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of
210773864 10 ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flag of former sfr yugoslavia " > image : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | sfr yugoslavia < / gallery > < gallery caption = " flags of the currently recognized countries " > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | bosnia and herzegovina image : flag of croatia . svg | croatia image : flag of kosovo
241098556 2 titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] and metohija , with the capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] ,
241192200 0 titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] < br / > 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[
1 of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] < br / > 5a 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana
241485481 0 titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] < br / > 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[
257724941 2 center > [[ serbia ]] < / center > image : flag of slovenia . svg | < center > [[ slovenia ]] < / center > < / gallery > < / center > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of
259240376 0 of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < cente | [[ republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of
262054633 3 of yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ image file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in
262829971 0 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for
262830591 0 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for
262867230 0 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] ( disputed , not recognized by all nations . ) | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for
262867708 0 border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } | - * kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union
262867833 0 < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - } * kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union
262867974 0 border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat _ of _ arms _ of _ kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - } | } * kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union
266845832 0 , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which yogoslavia was developed into the largest resistance army in occupied western and central europe . the chetniks were initially supported by the exiled royal government as well as the [[ allies ]]
266846137 0 , were executed in these camps . < ref > http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / jasenovac # victim _ counts < / ref > yogoslavia = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav people ' s liberation war }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] , and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] . with the former receiving allied recognition only at the tehran conference ( 1943 ) , after the degree of chetnik - axis collaboration increased greatly . the heavily pro - serbian chetniks were lead by [[ draža mihajlović ]] , while the pan - yugoslav oriented partisans were led by [[ josip broz tito ]] . the partisans initiated a [[ guerrilla warfare | guerrilla ]] campaign which was fun = = sfr yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ flag
269117592 0 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } < nowiki > * kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union
269117639 0 < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } < nowiki > * < / nowiki > kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] < / nowiki > the first former yugoslav republic to join the
275241659 0 / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > . montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various
1 www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > the remaining four three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]]
278537504 1 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } < nowiki > * < / nowiki > kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
278544650 1 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } < nowiki > * < / nowiki > kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
286478601 1 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } < nowiki > * < / nowiki > kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
286479250 1 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } < nowiki > * < / nowiki > kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
288091985 0 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo * ]] | [[ kosovo ]] * | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px |
288092134 0 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] * | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ prishtina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px |
289405796 0 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] * | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px |
1 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } < nowiki > * < / nowiki > kosovo ' s status is [[ international reaction to the 2008 declaration of independence by kosovo | disputed ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
291412855 1 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for
294275487 1 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for
294280182 1 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for
294603647 1 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for
294877361 3 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for
294982512 1 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for
295242064 1 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for
295336142 0 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
295336251 0 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
295388268 3 ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center >
27 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership
295402396 3 sarajevo ]] style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center >
28 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > - | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in
299963785 0 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > kosovo ' s [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence | independence ]] is disputed < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for
303360434 0 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > kosovo ' s [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence | independence ]] is disputed < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ [ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag
303360941 0 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | [ - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > kosovo ' s [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence | independence ]] is disputed < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag
309687865 1 < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > kosovo ' s [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence label | independence ]] is disputed < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' ' [[ pristina ]] ' ' | <
316222613 0 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | - [[ kosovo ]] | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px |
318046156 25 ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | 1 . [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style =
26 = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 2 . [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag
28 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr croatia coa . png | 40px ]] < center > | - | 3 . [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag
29 < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki >
30 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5 . [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag
31 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag
39 % ; " | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 6 . [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
340418892 0 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - style = " background : # efefef ; " | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ;
375032646 7 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px |
375034390 0 kosovo & # 124 ; international | publisher = reuters | date = 2008 - 10 - 08 | accessdate = 2009 - 07 - 20 }} < / ref > this process is currently ongoing on 22 july 2010 , the court ruled that kososvo ' s indepedence was not illegal . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = {{ main | yugosphere }} the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left
378359503 3 has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] < / ref > . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various
394554278 9 > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > . montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref
400599300 15 flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | flag ]] < / center > file : coat of arms of sfr yugoslavia . svg | < center > [[ coat of arms file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and provinces of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px |
26 ]] | publisher = simon & schuster | isbn = 0 - 684 - 84441 - 9 | year = 1996 | page = 260 }} < / ref > ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the next
35 about _ holocaust / month _ in _ holocaust / april / april _ chronology / chronology _ 1941 _ april _ 06 . html < / ref > = = yugoslavia during world war ii = = [[ file : stjepan filipovic . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan ]] fighter [[ stjepan filipović ]] shouting
45 | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | -
46 : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr croatia coa . png | 40px ]] < center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[
47 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[
48 ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | < center > [[ file : flag of sr montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry montenegro . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[
49 : [[ priština ]] : [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | [[
50 : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | }
404799827 2 order ]] | publisher = simon & schuster | isbn = 0 - 684 - 84441 - 9 | year = 1996 | page = 260 }} < / ref > . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the next
404877640 0 / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > montenegro presented its official application is [[ accession of montenegro to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : /
441313646 81 wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > !
149 wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > |
466554200 0 wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia
467914600 1 flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! <
10 [[ macedonia ( country ) | republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of the republic of macedonia 1992 - 1995 . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia 1991 - 2009 . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg |
468701811 2 federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | number ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > '
22 size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia 1991 - 2009 . svg | 40px ]] < / center > the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 %
55 . ]] = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > !
57 wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > !
63 = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 22 july 2010 | publisher = bbc news | accessdate = 23 july 2010 }} < / ref > = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = {{ main | yugosphere }} the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of
492545273 1 = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | -
495585894 27 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist
495666744 16 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > = = = = national liberation war = = = {{ main | national liberation war ( yugoslavia ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the
17 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > = = = national = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | national liberation war ( yugoslavia ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist -
495668696 31 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > = = = yugoslav people ' s liberation war = = = {{ main | yugoslav front ( world war ii ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist
496003280 3 the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] countries that emerged from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' '
5 : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' name ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' flag ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' '
26 > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ kosovo ]] }} ( disputed ) < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] : [[ priština ]] | style = " width : 6em
496004184 0 ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia and montenegro ]] | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg |
497533808 2 - succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 2012 - 06 - 14 }} < / ref > < ref > http : / / www . jstor . org / discover / 10 . 2307 / 20694208 ? uid = 3738200 & uid = 2129 & uid = 2 & uid = 70 & uid = 4 & sid = 21100853300901 < / ref > = = = yugosphere = = = the ' ' yugosphere ' ' is a term used to describe the present day physical areas which formed yugoslavia , as well as
500174054 5 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px |
537097237 11 url = http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the united states , referred to the federal republic of yugoslavia as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref >
542254308 0 ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia and montenegro . svg |
542256959 4 arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november 2000 . < ref name = " ebrd country promotion programme " / > ( from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the united states , referred to the federal republic of yugoslavia as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref name =
7 , including the united states , referred to the federal republic of yugoslavia as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref name = " serbia and montenegro " / > the state was finally officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . ) in june 2006 , [[ montenegro ]] became an independent nation after the results of a [[ montenegrin independence referendum , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] , therefore rendering serbia
542265570 0 of the former yugoslavia , as of 2008 }} the successor states to the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' <
2 | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < center > ! !
8 ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' declared date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' official state - recognized date of independence ' ' ' < center >
10 arms ]] ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' declared date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' official state - recognized date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' which date of independence is celebrated as a public holiday
12 ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' official state - recognized date of independence ' ' ' < center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' which date of independence is celebrated as a public holiday ? ' ' ' < center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]] | style
547327217 5 [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; / style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - |
7 style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width ' ' ' : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style
20 < center > [[ file : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > [[ list of countries | name ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ capital city | capital ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ flag
34 : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - |
555747797 3 the former yugoslavia are the following : { | class = " sortable wikitable " ! < center > [[ list of countries | name ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ capital city | capital ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ flag ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ coat of arms ]] <
9 capital ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ flag ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ coat of arms ]] < center > ! ! < center > declared date of independence < center > ! ! < center > official state - recognized date of independence < center > ! ! < center > which date of independence
11 ]] < center > ! ! < center > [[ coat of arms ]] < center > ! ! < center > declared date of independence < center > ! ! < center > official state - recognized date of independence < center > ! ! < center > which date of independence is celebrated as a public holiday ? < center > | -
13 center > ! ! < center > declared date of independence < center > ! ! < center > official state - recognized date of independence < center > ! ! < center > which date of independence is celebrated as a public holiday ? < center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center >
573227240 0 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 31 21 , 2006 | june 3 , 2006 | may 21 | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia .
578690791 14 the union on 13 july 1922 . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > conference of ambassadors in paris . the kingdom of yugoslavia was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was
15 union on 13 july 1922 . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the renamed [[ kingdom of yugoslavia was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed
578738507 1 300px | general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] < ref name = " spencer tucker 2005 " > ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) , formed in 1918 {{ efn - lr | the [[ yugoslav committee ]] , led by [[ dalmatia ]] n [[ croats | croat ]] politician [[ ante trumbić ]] , lobbied the allies to support the creation of an independent south slavic state and delivered the proposal in the [[ corfu declaration ]] on 20 july 1917 . ' ' ' cite error : the named reference spencer _ tucker _ 2005 was invoked but never defined ' ' ' < / ref > , the western border left
2 general location of yugoslavia . established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] < ref name = " spencer tucker 2005 " > ' ' ' cite error spencer tucker . : the named reference spencer _ tucker _ 2005 was invoked but never defined ' ' ' < / ref > , the western border left a population of half a
588344999 1 , social , and military history ' ' . santa barbara , california , usa : abc - clio , 2005 . pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} as under the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' , was a country in the western part of [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century
2 , and military history ' ' . santa barbara , california , usa : abc - clio , 2005 . pp . 1189 . < / ref > }} as the name of ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' , was a country in the western part of [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century ,
8 the conference of ambassadors in paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the country was named after [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] as their first union ever , after centuries - long rules of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] on these territories . renamed [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 .
12 . stm | title = history , bloody history | publisher = bbc news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > [[ breakup of world war ii . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country were [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina | sr bosnia
24 http : / / www . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the [[ united montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states ]] , referred to the fry as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref name = " serbia and montenegro " > 1999 [[ cia ]] [[ world factbook
36 . stm | title = history , bloody history | publisher = bbc news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > starting in 1991 , yugoslavia disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . one of the successor states was also known as the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) until 2003 .
38 , including the [[ united states ]] , referred to the fry as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref name = " serbia and montenegro " > 1999 [[ cia ]] [[ world factbook ]] : [ http : / / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > the federal republic of yugoslavia was officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . in june 2006 , [[ montenegro ]] became an independent nation after the results of a [[
607836587 0 | title = history , bloody history | publisher = bbc news | date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > after an economical economic and political crisis in 1980s and rise of nationalism , yugoslavia [[ breakup of yugoslavia | broke up ]] along republic borders , at first into five countries , leading to
610895932 2 - % 205930 . pdf | title = croatia | publisher = shoah resource center – [[ yad vashem ]] | accessdate = 4 january 2010 }} < / ref > = = = national liberation war = = = {{ main | national liberation war ( yugoslavia ) }} from the start , the yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions : the communist - led [[ yugoslav partisans ]] and the royalist [[ chetniks ]] , with the former
616725219 1 ' ' the rape of serbia : the british role in tito ' s grab for power , 1943 - 1944 ' ' ( 1990 ) . < / ref > < ref > {{ cite book | author1 = james r . arnold | author2 = roberta wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xrd6y - oifpac & pg = pa216 | date = january 2012 | publisher = abc - clio | page = 216 }} < / ref > the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during world war ii is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data
616726337 2 < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the socialist republic of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | } tito ' s regional goal was to expand south and take control of albania and parts of greece { | class = " wikitable " | - ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > !
622094154 0 = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 1 march 1 , 1992 | april 6 , 1992 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | march 1 | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] |
3 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | 25 june 25 , 1991 | october 8 , 1991 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 25 | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] |
13 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 21 may 21 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 3 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | may 21 | - |
16 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 22 may 22 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 5 , 2006 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 15 | - |
19 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 25 june 25 , 1991 | july 7 , 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | june 25 | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003
29 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february
30 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 17 | -
34 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | september 8 , 1991 | april 8 , 1993 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | september 8 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] |
702550312 9 , the powers and eastern europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in ' ' ' [[ italy ]] . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene
702589142 9 , the powers and eastern europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in ' ' ' [[ italy ]] ' ' ' . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene
734265701 0 central government under the control of the communist party , and on recognition of the multiple nationalities . < ref name = " books . google . com " / > {{ clear }} { | class = " wikitable " | - ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > !
743994431 0 economy . from 1500 to the present . | date = 2016 | publisher = cambridge university press | page = 64 | isbn = 9781107507180 }} < / ref > at the same time , western economies went into recession , decreasing demand for yugoslavian imports , creating a large debt problem . in 1989 , according to official sources , 248 firms were declared bankrupt or were liquidated and 89 , 400 workers were laid off . during the first nine months of
772785812 0 ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 17 february 2008 }} | not a member < br / > < small > ( status disputed ) | {{ dts | 17 february }} | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple image | align = right
778243092 0 = max planck yearbook of united nations law | chapter = participation of former yugoslav states in the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > eventually in 2000 , milosevic was trailed for the atrocities he committed and partook in during his ten year ruling in serbia and the yugoslavia war . < ref name = " : 0 " / >  eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country dropped those aspirations , accepted the opinion of the [[
794643300 3 2000 , milosevic was prosecuted for atrocities committed in his ten - year rule in serbia and the yugoslavia war . < ref name = " : 0 " / >  eventually & nbsp ; eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country dropped those aspirations , accepted the opinion of the [[
819801357 0 - succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 14 june 2012 }} < / ref > < ref name = " successor agreement " > {{ cite web | url = https : / / www . jstor . org / discover / 10 . 2307 / 20694208 ? uid = 3738200 & uid =
819802470 9 ]] | [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] | {{ dts | 5 june 2006 }} < ref name = " jurist " > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . jurist . org / thisday / 2011 / 06 / serbia - declared - independence . php | title = serbia declared independence | publisher = jurist | < small > date = 5 june 2011 | accessdate = 18 june 2017 }} < / ref > | {{ dts | 01 11 2000 }} < br > < small > (
11 | date = 5 june 2011 | accessdate = 18 june 2017 }} < / ref > | {{ dts | 01 11 2000 }} < br > < small > ( as fr yugoslavia , membership succeeded by serbia on {{ dts | 3 june 2006 }} ) | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | [[ file : flag of croatia .
819821056 5 [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 45 ) < br / > [[ socialist }} federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( 1945 - 92 ) | title _ leader = | leader1 = | year _ leader1 = | event _ start = [[ creation of
819821999 2 pa26 | year = 2004 | publisher = multilingual matters | isbn = 978 - 1 - 85359 - 732 - 9 | pages = 26 }} < / ref > < br / > ' ' ' 1945 - 1992 : ' ' ' < br / > [[ serbo - croatian ]] < br / > [[ slovene language | slovene ]] < br / > [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] | government _ type = [[ constitutional monarchy ]] < br / > {{ small | ( 1918 – 1929 ; 1931 – 1945 ) }} < br > [[ absolute
820178112 0 / > југославија | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / > 1943 - / 45 – 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia {{ ! }} serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 = state
820178151 0 / > југославија | common _ name = yugoslavia | continent = europe | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / > 1943 / 45 – 1992 | p1 = kingdom of serbia {{ ! }} serbia | flag _ p1 = state flag of serbia ( 1882 - 1918 ) . svg | p2 =
841673571 0 arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november 2000 . < ref name = " ebrd country promotion programme " / > ( from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the united states , had referred to the fry as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' . < ref name =
1 factbook ]] : [ http : / / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > ) in april 2001 , the five successor states extant at the time drafted an agreement on succession issues , signing the agreement in june 2001 . < ref > {{ cite
846351997 0 factbook ]] : [ http : / / www . umsl . edu / services / govdocs / wofact99 / 265 . htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > as they viewed its claim to yugoslavia ' s successorship as illegitimate . < ref name = " serbia and montenegro " > 1999 [[ cia ]] [[ world factbook ]] : [ http : / / www . umsl . edu /
4 - succession - issues - 2001 / | title = yugoslav agreement on succession issues ( 2001 ) | accessdate = 14 june 2012 }} < / ref > < ref name = " successor agreement " > {{ cite web | url = https : / / www . jstor . org / discover / 10 . 2307 / 20694208 ? uid = 3738200 & uid =
847189388 0 = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / > 1945 – 1992 < br / > {{ nowrap | status = [[ yugoslav government - in - exile | government - in - exile ]] ( 1941 – 1945 ) | p1 = kingdom of serbia | flag _
848178566 0 = yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / > 1945 – 1992 < br / > {{ nowrap | status = [[ yugoslav government - in - exile | government - in - exile ]] ( 1941 – 1945 ) | p1 = kingdom of serbia | flag _
857748479 3 : flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | 120px | border ]] | flag _ type = top : flag ( 1918 – 1941 ) < br / > bottom : flag / small > < ( 1945 – 1992 ) | flag _ border = | image _ coat = [[ file : coat of arms of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | 70px ]]
8 rusyn language | pannonian rusyn ]] : {{ lang | rue | югославия }} , < small > [[ transcription ( linguistics ) | transcr . ]] < / small > ' ' {{ transl | rue | juhoslavija ' ' ) < ref group = note > {{ lang - sq | jugosllavia }} ; {{ lang - hu | jugoszlávia }} ; {{ lang - sk |
9 pannonian rusyn ]] : {{ lang | rue | югославия }} , < small > [[ transcription ( linguistics ) | transcr . ]] < / small > ' ' juhoslavija ' ' }} ) < ref group = note > {{ lang - sq | jugosllavia }} ; {{ lang - hu | jugoszlávia }} ; {{ lang - sk | juhoslávia }} ;
group 64
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
802239 1 . in [[ 2002 ]] , serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued cooperation , which , among other changes , promised the end of yugoslavia . on 4th february , 2003 the federal parliament of yugoslavia dissolved the country and agreed to create a loose commonwealth of the remaining two states within a union . the new union of
904667 10 [[ 2002 ]] , serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued co - operation , which , among other changes , promised the end of yugoslavia . on [[ february 4 , 2003 the federal parliament of yugoslavia dissolved the country and agreed to create a loose [[ commonwealth ]] of the remaining two states within a union . the
904670 0 [[ 2002 ]] , serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued co - operation , which , among other changes , promised the end of yugoslavia . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] the federal parliament of yugoslavia dissolved the country and agreed to create a loose [[ commonwealth ]] of the remaining two states within a
926333 0 ]] , ( [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | petar ii karad & # 382 ; ord & # 382 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] was the last king ) established on established [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist
1 , ( [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | petar ii karad & # 382 ; ord & # 382 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] was the last king ) on established [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] under [[ president ]] [[ josip broz tito ]] , but unlike other eastern and central european communist countries ,
8640530 1 ' s people organized the abolition of the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and kosovo , though peculiarly enough both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; promoted serb nationalism , which led to the breakup of the federation . ]] in january [[ 1990 ]] , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the delegation of serbia led by milo & #
8778698 6 to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ' s people organized the abolition of the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and kosovo , though peculiarly enough both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; promoted serb nationalism , which led to the breakup of the federation . ]] in january [[ 1990 ]] , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the delegation of serbia led by milo &
9341977 1 partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - subasic agreement | tito - & # 352 ; uba & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; agreement ]] in june [[ 1944 ]] , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[
10662657 5 [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | peter ]] as the new king . apparently this defiance infuriated [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] , so the axis decided to attack both yugoslavia and greece on [[ april 6 ]] . ( as a result , hitler had to delay the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] by four weeks , which proved to be a
12429233 0 december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . this superstate was designed by the allies as a way to counter axis revisionism . however , it created new divisions . [[ bulgarian ]] - populated [[ vardar macedonia ]] and the [[ western bulgarian fringe ]] were ceded to the belgrade authorities without consulting the local population . as a consequence , the ethnic bulgarians were subjected to [[ ethnic cleansing ]] . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament ( '
12432682 2 december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . this superstate was designed by the allies as a way to counter axis revisionism . however , it created new divisions . [[ bulgarian ]] - populated [[ vardar macedonia ]] and the [[ western bulgarian fringe ]] were ceded to the belgrade authorities without consulting the local population . as a consequence , the ethnic bulgarians were subjected to [[ ethnic cleansing ]] . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament ( '
22506688 5 of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png | frame | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro . ]] the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia officially ceased to exist on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed . other dates that are frequently considered as the end of sfry are * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ moratorium ]] on
6 ) was formed . other dates that are frequently considered as the end of sfry are [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence , july 9 ]] th [[ october 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ moratorium ]] on slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed
8 slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed entry at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by representatives of all republics , was ended and * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in [[ 1995 ]]
22785116 18 partisans , who denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - & # 352 ; uba & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; šubašić agreement ]] in june [[ 1944 ]] , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[
22 | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; milošević ]] in january [[ 1990 ]] , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milo &
25683386 2 2001 ]] , the name yugoslavia was to be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ 6th february ]] [[ 2003 ]] . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention of the term yugoslav ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples |
27670102 4 yugoslav people ' s army ]] maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . in late on june , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia , but the international community pressured them to place a three - month [[ moratorium
29218853 0 ]] were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the partisans established the [[ republic of užice ]] in the liberated territory of western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards [[ bosnia ]] . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]] .
31961080 59 s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . on [[ saturday ]] , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges
33684647 1 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulated only 11 days after , stopped exist existing [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , 1945
33684753 0 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulated only 11 days after , it stopped existing ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , 1941 . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , 1945
33738425 0 december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . in the chaotic conditions that followed the break - up of austria - hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as possible was a priority . disagreements over whether the new state should be a federation or a centralised state were put off for later . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament ( '
34241700 2 peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ 1 march ]] [[ 1992 ]] . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of the newly created serb entity [[ republika srpska |
36661482 1 when croatia and slovenia declared independence * [[ october 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below )
42217788 19 in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' . this remained in place until 1992 , [[ january 15 ]] , by which time four of its six constituent republics - [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] and
43290325 1 | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in 1980 . ]] --> on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of
43292447 1 | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito ]] led yugoslavia from the end of [[ world war ii ]] until his death in 1980 . ]] --> on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of
46021189 0 croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) i like dick = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png |
46462154 0 ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers
46462185 0 named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist [[ april 17 ]] , [[
47183247 4 history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) - - [[ user : 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 | 70 . 157 . 68 . 26 ]] 01 : 16 / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , 6 april 2006 ( utc ) poop
49148733 0 federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and in then the [[ april 7 ]] republics - [[ slovenia | s . r . slovenia ]] , [[ croatia | s . r . croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia |
49267272 17 milošević ' policies . [[ croatia ]] later followed suit . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the most time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on the
30 loose confederation of six republics in the autumn of 1990 , however [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] rejected all such proposals , arguing that all serbs should live in the same country . ammunition and on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets
38 had created the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions fought the forces of the republic of croatia with the aid of the yugoslav army . in some places , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting the serbs from new croatian army disguised as police force . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u .
51123816 31 hungary , the formation of the new state as soon as possible was a priority . disagreements over whether the new state should be a federation or a centralised state were put off for later named after rivers . many politicians were jailed or kept under tight police surveillance . the effect of alexander ' s dictatordhip was further to alienate the non - serbs of the kingdom . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . the international political scene in the late 1930 ' s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures , by the aggressive attitude of the totalitarian regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after world war i is was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament (
32 the new state as soon as possible was a priority . disagreements over whether the new state should be a federation or a centralised state were put off for later . supported and pressured by fascist italy and nazi germany , croatian leader vlatko macek and his party managed the creation of the croatian banovina ( administrative province ) in 1939 . the agreement specified that croatia were to remain part of yugoslavia , but it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . on [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament ( '
53085765 3 was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant party prepared a draft constitution for a neutral peasant republic of croatia . anyway constitution was passed by voted on 28 june 1921 with the help of some minor parties including yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was
53107753 0 to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant party prepared a draft constitution for a neutral peasant republic of croatia . the constitution was passed by voted vote on 28 june 1921 with the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was
55148070 0 in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized * [[ april 6 ]] , 1992 , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png |
55551683 0 abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of [[ 22 may 22 , 2006 montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . = = origins = = during the early period of the world
56642958 0 when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of [[ may 22 may ]] , 2006 montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . = = ' ' ' background ' ' ' = =
3 " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . however , during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july a declaration that laid foundation of the post - war state was issused . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the same by
5 and was to be constitutional monarchy under the karadjordjević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on [[ 6 october 1918 . on 29 october , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new state of the slovenes , croats and serbs .
11 s army ]] ( jna ) maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on [[ june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav
15 . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following day ( [[ june 26 ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in
23 now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 , 2006 , 86 percent of eligible montenegran voters turned out for a special referrundum on the independence of the montenagran republic from federal union with serbia . they
56779575 0 be officially abolished when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of * on [[ may 22 ]] [[ 2006 ]] montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history
59612233 3 name until it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . # the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' was a [[ socialist
10 , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis
63327901 40 croats , the slovenes in the austro - hungarian empire had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to belgrade . during the 1920s , serbo - croat wrangle continued the tensions between the croats , who harboured grievances against the serbs , and on 20 june 1928 , after months of rows and even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić , a montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and
41 austro - hungarian empire had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to belgrade . during the 1920s , serbo - croat wrangle continued and serbs started increasing and culminated on 20 june 1928 , after months of rows and even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić , a montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot
42 - hungarian empire had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to belgrade . during the 1920s , serbo - croat wrangle continued and on 20 [[ june 1928 , after months of rows and even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić , a montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats
63330276 5 decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = ' ' main article : ' ' [[ yugoslavia during world war ii ]] at 05 : 15 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria
44 yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces [[
63335954 0 western [[ serbia ]] . in november 1941 , the [[ germany | german ]] troops occupied this territory again , while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . [[ image : tito . jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of [[ 1942 ]] ]] on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja
63517403 13 ) , with one month paid vacation , plus a year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society . = = = the government = = = on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]]
79093500 0 " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' . it was re -
83862003 34 the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . after a successful referendum in the republic , montenegro officially declared its independence abolished the name " yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on [[ june 5 ]] , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation .
35 state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . after a successful referendum in the republic , montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on and [[ june 5 ]] , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = the idea
84299894 4 the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on when [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . "
84305972 6 two remaining how republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on when [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . "
85267250 0 london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on cheezy penis [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of
85267502 1 london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on cheezy penis [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because of
86957387 0 a state for south slavs = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] , a product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . during the early period of the world war i ( which started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed hjfjhgjfgfhnhfdfghgopjg7uretijrtyjpr9rtjmh4rhthnfmrytghnmryhoigmtnfetewiojkthjgfgghghhytjhtjjhkyujformed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because
86957428 0 a state for south slavs = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late [[ 17th century | 17th century ]] , a hjfjhgjfgfhnhfdfghgopjg7uretijrtyjpr9rtjmh4rhthnfmrytghnmryhoigmtnfetewiojkthjgfgghghhytjhtjjhkyujformed product of visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the south slavic peoples in the [[ habsburg empire ]] ( austria - hungary ) increased and the idea of a union between them became stronger . during the early period of the world war i ( which started in [[ 1914 ]] ) , a number of prominent political figures , including [[ ante trumbić ]] , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and it began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living in the americas . because
87847188 26 and the downfall of [[ austria - hungary ]] and the [[ ottoman empire ]] , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in [[ december ]] [[ 1918 ]] . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million were [[ serbs ]] ( 38 . 8 % ) and 2
29 ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in [[ november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main serbian parties . [[ communism | communists ]] came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly formed government
39 the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . [[ image : tito . jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of [[ 1942 ]] ]] on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog
44 [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nov met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of [[ austria | austrian ]] southern provinces
91986037 41 prime minister of serbia ) seeing in this a " croat army " , wanted them to fight under the serbian flag . = = = corfu agreement = = = however , during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid foundation of the post -
92027256 10 of the two remaining republics ]] of [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ kosovo and metohija ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . the [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , the state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia .
94995394 3 while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . [[ image : tito . jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of 1942 . ]] on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog
4 article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic
5 government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] celebration . ]] on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito
102647538 0 remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . these states are signatiories of various partnership agreements with the european union . from since [[ january 1 ]] [[ 2007 ]] they will be encircled by member - states of eu . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] '
102668208 0 under the serbian flag . = = = corfu agreement = = = during june and july 1917 , the yugoslav committee met with the serbian government in corfu and on [[ 20 july ]] a declaration that laid the foundation for the post - war state was issued . the preamble stated that the serbs , croats and slovenes were " the
105959469 1 slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded pooped on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' (
105959810 1 slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was pooped invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the fartnoxers [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' '
107938591 0 at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia
1 ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ 6 january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis
2 [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ november
3 [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom
4 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; - [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the
5 axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the "
6 [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] celebration . ]] on [[ 7 april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named
7 crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ unreferenced | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may 4 ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . they all used the legacy of the [[ constitution of
25 while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . [[ image : tito . jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of 1942 . ]] on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog
108337095 1 = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] celebration ]] --> on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was
111867936 4 obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities could get free porn . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving
118460782 0 in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of bosnia and herzegovina ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28
128720324 2 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] [[ 1943 ]] - & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the "
135155283 11 they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes , hinting at the fascist quisling croatian state from the ii . ww and to legitimise serbian uprisings in croatia . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving it
138330637 0 july 9 ]] th moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when fyr macedonia declared indepedence * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] ,
146990779 0 croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when macedonia declared indepedence independence * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] ,
154376312 0 while the majority of partisan forces escaped towards bosnia . [[ image : tito . jpg | right | thumb | [[ josip broz tito ]] during the winter of 1942 . {{ deletable image - caption }} ]] on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog
158105237 3 ] * [ http : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf yugoslavia , the outworn structure ( cia ) report from november 1970 ) ] * [ http : / / news . bbc . co . uk / go / pr / fr / - / 1 / hi
158680696 2 s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes , hinting at the fascist quisling croatian state from the ii . ww and to legitimise serbian uprisings in croatia . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ]] ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving it
163849431 2 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] after refferendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their indipendences independences * [[ december ]] , [[ 2006 ]] - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . = = federal republic of yugoslavia
168734899 9 ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) * [[ november ]] , [[ 1995 ]] , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ 1996 ]] - [[ 1999 ]] clashes between
21 [[ 2003 ]] state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ december ]] , [[ 2006 ]] - present day , diplomatic talks on future status of kosovo began in [[ vienna ]] . = = federal republic of yugoslavia = =
191901309 0 [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ( from sunday , february 17th 2008 ) , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of
192073726 7 17th , 2008 ) , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] / [[ 1945 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of
13 ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " . on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation
25 ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ( from sunday , february 17th , 2008 ) , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' (
192075557 4 the [[ 20th century ]] . the seven countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ( from sunday , february 17 , 2008 ) , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom
25 montenegro ]] . the union of [[ serbia and montenegro ]] was formed on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation
192083265 0 yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . in addition , on 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] declared its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied
192522697 0 yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation loose agreement . on february 18 , 2008 , kosovo delcared independence form serbia , further dividing the former country . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main
192558653 0 [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] in addition , on [[ 17 february 2008 , [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared its independence from serbia . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied
201089095 1 first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named once again on [[ 6 january ]] [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis
201109080 9 " country of slovenes , croats and serbs " re - named " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named once again on [[ 6 january ]] [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis
206751541 6 и срба ; [[ slovene ]] : država slovencev , hrvatov in srbov [[ macedonian ]] : кралство на србите , хрватите и словенците ) . the country was established on [[ 29 october 1918 . it lasted only for a month ; on 1 december 1918 it joined together with the " kingdom of serbia " ( kraljevina srbija / краљевина србија
32 popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on [[ march 27 ]] . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[
206809460 4 balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country by this name was the " [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] " , which before [[ 3 october 1929 was known as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " . it was established on [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] by the
20 [[ june 5 ]] [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on [[ february 18 , 2008 , [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act fiercely opposed by serbia . _ _ toc _ _ =
210755078 0 june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independences , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement a yugoslav state . on [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] unilaterally [[ 2008 kosovo declaration of independence | declared independence ]] from serbia
215130529 3 the collapse of the austro - hungarian empire , various south slavic territories were quickly botched together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on national pie day [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] . the new kingdom was made up of the formerly independent kingdoms of serbia and [[ kingdom of montenegro |
215130545 3 queen ) austro - hungarian empire , various south slavic apple pie territories were quickly botched together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on national pie day [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] . the new kingdom was made up of the formerly independent kingdoms of serbia and [[ kingdom of montenegro |
216850189 8 * [[ march 24 ]] - [[ june 10 ]] , [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombing of fr yugoslavia * june 1999 , un and nato administration arrived in kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro
231803887 23 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , it was renamed to the " [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] " , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia . " . on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state
231810308 30 image removed : [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | 1968 . [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party ]] celebration ]] --> on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was
244325833 2 in [[ europe ]] , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . it was established on [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]]
5 kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before [[ 3 october ]] , [[ 1929 ]] was known as the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . it was established on [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . it was
8 ]] of most of the republic ' s constituent entities . the last country to bear the name was the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) established on [[ march 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] . it was a [[ federation ]] on the territory of the two remaining ( non - secessionist ) republics of [[ serbia ]]
12 including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " .
16 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . _
18 ]] , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . _ _ toc _ _ =
22 the collapse of the austro - hungarian empire , various south slavic territories were quickly grouped together to form the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes which was proclaimed on [[ 1 december ]] [[ 1918 ]] in [[ belgrade ]] . the new kingdom was made up of the formerly independent kingdoms of serbia and [[ kingdom of montenegro | montenegro
25 it was hurriedly building an independent political identity in international relations . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on [[ march 25 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s
29 peter ]] full powers . = = = the beginning of world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a
31 world war ii # yugoslavia }} = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi italians ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and [[ hungary | hungarian ]] forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air
33 | hungarian ]] forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( '
39 ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization
43 main | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia
47 the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] celebration . ]] on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[
50 [[ franjo tuđman ]] . ]] [[ image : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal
53 all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on [[ march 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to
57 were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the
61 italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police was already slovenian before declaring independence . the following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]]
63 | imoro ]] ' ' ) . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url
67 an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on [[ january 9 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the
71 the two - thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska . the [[ bosnian war | war in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = =
77 the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the
81 [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament (
85 september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) *
87 july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition
91 day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * [[ january 15 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28
95 countries * [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and
109 [[ un ]] and [[ nato ]] administration arrived in [[ kosovo ]] * [[ february 5 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[
113 ]] , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * [[ june 5 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences * [[ february 17 ]] , [[ 2008 ]] , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap
117 . png | thumb | 250px | the federal republic of yugoslavia consisted of serbia and montenegro ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on [[ april 28 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted
121 in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] , [[ 2000 ]] . on saturday , [[ march 31 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse
129 ]] , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited
131 former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[
135 and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law
138 [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , and he died there on [[ 11 march ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while his trial was still ongoing . on [[ april 11 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march
142 agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers
146 of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union
150 5 % in favor of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia
154 remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since [[ january 1 ]] , [[ 2007 ]] , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' '
250982182 2 will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since january 1 , 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also
257731379 1 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] * 1996 -
6 kosovo ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independences independence ' s * february 17 , 2008 , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png
264566958 0 ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independence ' s * february 17 , 2008 , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of
273382283 0 = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence being gay * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and
273382455 0 = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared being gay independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and
284695040 17 [[ serbia ]] ( including the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) and [[ montenegro montenegro ]] and [[ ]] . on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " .
19 ]] and [[ serbia ]] declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . the last country to have any yugoslav atribute in its name is the on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june
57 ]] * february 5 , 2003 , state union of serbia and montenegro announced * june 5 , 2006 , after referendum in montenegro , serbia and montenegro declared their independence and serbia stated it is the successor of the state union . * february 17 , 2008 , when [[ kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from [[ serbia ]] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = {{ main | federal republic of
88 the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , recognised as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of the independence of montenegro . on june 3 , 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige of the former yugoslavia .
288099504 2 their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since 1 january 1 , 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural
318929302 0 success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on in november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was
318929510 0 success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . in on november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was
321377060 0 of greece in the new order . ( see also - - [[ user : vatroslav1937 | vatroslav1937 ]] ( [[ user talk : vatroslav1937 | talk ]] ) 13 : 28 29 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) serbian pro nazi government ) = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was
347164096 14 war between croats and serbs upon croatia declaring independence , which ended in what many consider to have been an ethnic cleansing of serbs from a part of croatia . {{ pov - statement fixbunching | date = april 2009 }} ]] [[ file : alijaizetbegovic1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | bosnian president [[ alija izetbegović ]] pushed for independence of bosnia
400599300 17 yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution on november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia
76 : / / www . foia . cia . gov / cpe / esau / esau - 46 . pdf " yugoslavia : the outworn structure " ( [[ cia ]] ) report from november 1970 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{
441313646 1 / hi / special _ report / 1998 / kosovo / 110492 . stm | title = history , bloody history | publisher = [[ bbc news ]] | date = 24 march 24 , 1999 | accessdate = december 29 , 2010 }} < / ref > ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]]
4 [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on 25 march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior
5 popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a [[ coup d ' état ]] when the king returned on 27 march 27 . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 - year - old
6 , giving 17 - year - old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on 6 april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of greece where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . < ref > http : / /
7 freedom to the people ! " shortly before his execution ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . & nbsp ; am on april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( '
8 " shortly before his execution ]] = = = invasion of yugoslavia = = = {{ main | invasion of yugoslavia }} at 5 : 12 a . m . on 6 april 6 , 1941 , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italian fascism | italian ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' '
9 ]] and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on 17 april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending 11 days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' '
12 . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces were the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on 25 november 25 , 1942 , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]] , modern day [[ bosnia and
13 avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihać ]] , modern day [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] . the council reconvened on 29 november 29 , 1943 , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , and established the basis for post - war organization of the country ,
14 | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and provinces of yugoslavia ]] on 29 november 29 , 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia '
15 | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia ' s [[ constituent assembly ]] . however , he refused to abdicate . on 31 january 31 , 1946 , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled
22 all such proposals , arguing that like slovenes and croats , the serbs ( having in mind croatian serbs ) should also have a right to self - determination . on 9 march 9 , 1991 , demonstrations were held against slobodan milošević in [[ belgrade ]] , but the police and the military were deployed in the streets to restore order ,
23 were mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on 25 june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with
24 mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police were mostly already slovenian before slovenia ' s declaration of independence . the following day ( 26 june 26 ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders " . see [[ ten - day war ]] .
27 mountain up to the year 2000 . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on 27 november 27 , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http :
30 an overwhelming vote in favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on 9 january 9 , 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly proclaimed a separate " republic of the serb people of bosnia and herzegovina " . the referendum and creation
32 various dates are considered the end of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * 8 september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian
33 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * 8 october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as
34 and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the 9 july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january
35 the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * 15 january 15 , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’
36 croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january 15 , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * 6 april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the u . s . and most european countries * april 28 , 1992
37 most european countries * april 6 , 1992 , full recognition of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] ’ s independence by the u . s . and most european countries * 28 april 28 , 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and
53 . uk / 2 / hi / special _ report / 1998 / kosovo / 110492 . stm | title = history , bloody history | publisher = [[ bbc news ]] | date = march 24 , 1999 | accessdate = december 29 , 2010 }} < / ref > ) . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[
58 to be federalized but [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s
59 federalized but [[ world war ii ]] stopped the fulfillment of those plans . prince paul submitted to the fascist pressure and signed the [[ tripartite treaty ]] in [[ vienna ]] on march 25 , 1941 , hoping to still keep yugoslavia out of the war . but this was at the expense of popular support for paul ' s regency .
478217075 1 federation in 2000 , the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november 2 , 2000 . < ref > {{ cite web | title = fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http : / / www . fifoost . org
496174460 16 | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and provinces of yugoslavia ]] }} on 29 november 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia '
522673151 0 expense of popular support for paul ' s regency . senior military officers were also opposed to the treaty and launched a coup d ' état when the king returned on [[ yugoslav military coup of march 27 , 1941 | 27 march . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 - year - old
542256959 8 recognized state . however , numerous countries , including the united states , have recognized kosovo as an independent nation . in april 2001 , the five successor states drafted and then in april 2001 , the five successor states drafted and in june 2001 they signed an agreement on succession issues . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http
542266155 1 file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] | february 17 | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg |
547327217 3 210 | header = | image1 = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | caption1 = flag of [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | sfr yugoslavia ]] | image2 = yugoslavia . svg | caption2 = republics and autonomous provinces of sfr yugoslavia }} ' ' ' on 29 november 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was deposed by yugoslavia '
567916113 0 in 2000 , the fry rescinded those aspirations , accepting the opinion of the [[ badinter arbitration committee ]] about shared succession , and reapplied for and gained un membership on 2 november 2 , 2000 . < ref name = " ebrd country promotion programme " > {{ cite web | title = fr yugoslavia investment profile 2001 | url = http
575358692 7 1 december 1918 by the union of the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] was annexed on 13 november 1918 , and the conference of ambassadors in paris gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 ) . < ref > http : / /
578690791 19 and the [[ kingdom of serbia ]] ( which had annexed the [[ kingdom of montenegro ]] on 13 november ) . the conference of ambassadors in paris gave international recognition to the union on 13 july 1922 . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index . htm < / ref > the kingdom
580282779 1 , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] . after montenegrin independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the [[ republic of serbia ]] the union , while montenegro re - applied for membership in international organizations . . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to [[ international recognition of kosovo | an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is
3 montenegro as no longer existent . after montenegro ' s independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the [[ republic of serbia ]] the union , while montenegro re - applied for membership in international organizations . . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognized state . however
583308010 1 broz tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent communist state , starting as a prime minister . {{ fact citation needed | date = november 2013 }} the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during world war ii is 1 ,
588344999 28 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] . after montenegrin independence , serbia became the [[ legal successor ]] of serbia and montenegro , while montenegro re - applied for membership in international organizations 2011 . . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to [[ international recognition of kosovo | an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo
609965813 0 existent . after montenegro ' s independence , serbia became the [[ legal successor ]] of serbia and montenegro , while montenegro re - applied for membership in international organizations . . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognized state . however ,
616726337 0 = new york | isbn = 0 - 313 - 24308 - 5 | page = | pages = }} < / ref > however , he refused to abdicate . marshall tito was nolw in full control , and all opposition elements were eliminated . he executed over 100 , 000 croats and slovenes who had collaborated with the germans . < ref > {{ cite book | author1 = arnold and wiener | title = cold war : the essential reference guide | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = xrd6y - oifpac & pg = pa216 | year = 2012 | | page = 216 }} < / ref > on 31 january 1946 , the new [[ 1946 yugoslav constitution | constitution ]] of [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the [[ soviet union ]] ,
622075928 0 center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | march 1 , 1992 | april 6 , 1992 {{ fact }} | march 1 | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] <
1 > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | june 25 , 1991 | october 8 , 1991 {{ fact }} | june 25 | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px
2 > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | september 8 , 1991 | april 8 , 1993 {{ fact }} | september 8 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] <
3 | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 21 , 2006 | june 3 , 2006 {{ fact }} | may 21 | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] <
4 | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 22 , 2006 | june 5 , 2006 {{ fact }} | february 15 | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] <
622076022 0 . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | february 17 , 2008 | no official recognition due to [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact }} | february 17 | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg |
622078305 0 ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 21 , 2006 {{ fact }} | june 3 , 2006 {{ fact }} | may 21 | - | [[ serbia ]] | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia
1 ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | may 22 , 2006 {{ fact }} | june 5 , 2006 {{ fact }} | february 15 | - | [[ slovenia ]] | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia
622094154 1 ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | march 1 , 1992 | 6 april 6 , 1992 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | march 1 | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file
4 ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | june 25 , 1991 | 8 october 8 , 1991 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 25 | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | <
10 [[ international recognition of kosovo | ongoing kosovar sovereignty dispute ]] {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | february 17 | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | 8 september 8 , 1991 | april 8 , 1993 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | september 8 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] |
11 > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | september 8 , 1991 | 8 april 8 , 1993 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | september 8 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file
20 < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | june 25 , 1991 | 7 july 7 , 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | june 25 | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple
22 " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | march 1 , 1992 | april 6 , 1992 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | march 1 | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center >
25 | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | june 25 , 1991 | october 8 , 1991 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | june 25 | - | [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]]
35 ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | september 8 , 1991 | april 8 , 1993 {{ fact | date = august 2014 }} | september 8 | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center >
44 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | june 25 , 1991 | july 7 , 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | june 25 | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = =
622094862 25 no longer existent . after montenegro ' s independence , serbia became the [[ legal successor ]] of serbia and montenegro , while montenegro re - applied for membership in international organizations organisations . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognized state . however
656901506 2 : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 1 march 1992 }} | {{ dts | 6 april 1992 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 1 march | - | [[ croatia ]] | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[
6 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | 25 june 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 october 1991 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 25 june | - | [[ kosovo ]] | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[
14 / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 8 september 1991 }} | {{ dts | 8 april 1993 {{ citation needed | date = august 2014 }} | 8 september | - | [[ montenegro ]] | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[
26 border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | 25 june 1991 }} | {{ dts | 7 july 1991 ( after signing the [[ brioni agreement ]] ) | 25 june | } = = = succession , 1992 – 2003 = = = {{ multiple
702550312 15 ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . the serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on [[ 13 july 1922 at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in paris . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org / en / family / index
20 , following centuries in which the territories had been part of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] . renamed the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on [[ 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia
23 hungary ]] . renamed the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on [[ 6 april 1941 . in 1943 , a democratic federal yugoslavia was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as
702589142 15 ]] ) with the formerly independent [[ kingdom of serbia ]] . the serbian royal [[ house of karađorđević ]] became the yugoslav royal dynasty . yugoslavia gained international recognition on [[ 13 july ]] [[ 1922 ]] at the [[ conference of ambassadors ]] in [[ paris ]] . < ref > http : / / www . orderofdanilo . org /
20 , following centuries in which the territories had been part of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] . renamed the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on [[ 3 october ]] [[ 1929 ]] , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] .
23 the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on [[ 3 october ]] [[ 1929 ]] , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] . in [[ 1943 ]] , a [[ democratic federal yugoslavia ]] was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in
32 federal yugoslavia ]] was proclaimed by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 ]] , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in [[ november 1945 ]] the monarchy was abolished . [[ yugoslavia ]] was renamed the [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] in [[ 1946 ]] , when a [[
group 65
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
15350749 0 constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = : ' ' main article : [[ the breakup of yugoslavia ]] after tito ' s death in [[ 1980 ]] , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum
15369323 0 constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = : ' ' main article : [[ the breakup of yugoslavia ]] after tito ' s death in [[ 1980 ]] , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum
35058138 0 constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia what the fuck . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in [[ 1986 ]] that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism
56732478 0 , say , croatia , were the subjects of national rights which could not be overridden by the will of the croatian republic . = = = breakup = = = {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify }} after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state
63521475 147 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralysed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify - date | june 2006 }} after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state
66987923 0 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralysed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | thumb | 225px | an animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia | an animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia < br > key : < br > {{ legend | # fe0000 | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia , federal republic of yugoslavia , serbia and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # fefe40 | slovenia }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | croatia }} {{ legend | # 800080 | republic of macdonia }} {{ legend | # 008000 | bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | federation of bosnia and herzegovina }} {{ legend | # ff0080 | republika srpska }} {{ legend | # 00fe00 | brčko district }} {{ legend | # ff8080 | kosovo }} {{ legend | # f66c10 | montenegro }} ]] after tito ' s death on [[ may 4th ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of
80795561 0 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ pov }} {{ references }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | thumb | 225px | an animated series of maps showing the breakup of the second yugoslavia | an animated series
97914003 0 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ db | gross violation of npov in this section }} {{ pov }} {{ unreferenced | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | thumb |
97941352 0 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ db | gross violation of npov in this section }} {{ pov }} {{ unreferenced | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | thumb |
99911913 0 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ pov }} {{ unreferenced | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right | thumb | 225px | an
115204415 0 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ pov }} {{ unreferenced | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic
185765922 0 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | right ]] {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} after tito ' s death on [[ 4
231810308 15 the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = in the spring of 1990 , ante marković . jpg | thumb | right | 200px | [[ ante marković ]] ]] --> in 1989 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under
33 the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = in the spring of 1990 , marković was by far the most popular politician , not only in yugoslavia as a whole , but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to
247935764 49 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ pov | date = december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | left | 200px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[
256911641 0 the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = in the spring of 1990 , ante marković was by far the most popular politician , not only in yugoslavia as a whole , but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to rally the population for yugoslavism against the particularistic nationalisms of [[ slobodan milošević | milošević ]] in [[ serbia ]] or [[ franjo tuđman | tuđman ]] in [[ croatia ]] and he should have been able to count on the obedience of the armed forces . he was supported by 83 % of the population in croatia , by 81 % in serbia and by 59 % in slovenia and by 79 % in yugoslavia as a whole . this level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme and ec conditionality . this gave the separatists in the northwest and the nationalists in serbia their opening . the appeal of the separatists in [[ slovenia ]] and croatia to their electorates involved offering to repudiate the marković - imf austerity and by doing so helping their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and " join europe " . the appeal of milošević in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . these [[ nationalism | nationalist ]] appeals were ultimately successful . in every republic , beginning with slovenia and croatia in the spring , governments ignored the monetary restrictions of marković ' s stabilisation programme in order to win votes . the newly elected regional government then turned their efforts to the break - up of the country . they were aided by the us government ' s stance of sidelining yugoslav cohesion in favour of pushing ahead with the " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme . the few european states with strategic interests in the yugoslav theatre tended to favor fragmentation . there were also other specifically yugoslav structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . for instance , many would argue {{ fact | date = february 2008 }} that the decentralized market socialism was a disastrous experiment inexperiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , had given increased power to the republics , whilst dampening
257500445 0 the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = inexperiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , thoughwhilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist
257502145 0 the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = inexperiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , thoughwhilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist
269133294 0 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and
269222758 0 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and
273577472 0 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = i love mike ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg
273577484 0 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = i love mike ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg
282636725 0 the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = inexperiment in experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , thoughwhilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted
288465505 0 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and
288475880 0 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and
294603528 0 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and
294877361 1 , after which the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralyzed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ file : milosevic - 1 . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | serbian president [[ slobodan milošević ]] ' s unequivocal support for the unity of serbs and
312074340 0 the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = approaching the breakup = = = in experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . though the 1974 constitution , though whilst dampening the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 ,
497511009 1 ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = breakup = = = {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of yugoslavia ]] though the 1974 constitution reduced
group 66
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
642225 3 in [[ 2002 ]] , serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued cooperation , which , among other changes , promised the end of yugoslavia in favor of yugoslavia agreed to independence of [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] within a lose commonwealth called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ' ' ' . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / b
1278009 1 socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to 1992 . * [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1992 , under names the name : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , * * ' ' ' serbia and montenegro ' '
1278010 1 socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to 1992 . * [[ federal republic of yugoslavia | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which existed from 1992 , under the name names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[ 2003 ]] , when it was renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] .
1379097 0 in [[ 2003 ]] remade its internal structure into a loose commonwealth and changed its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : yu ' ' ' yu = = see also : = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]]
3 ]] remade its internal structure into a loose commonwealth and changed its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' ' yu = = see also : = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]]
1984503 1 . the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] under name ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , whose name changed name to which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by [[
2184776 5 ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' and in [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' . this remained in place until [[ 1992 ]] , which it was called until [[ 1991 ]] - [[ 1992 ]] , when four of its six constituent republics [[ slovenia ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic
2242101 0 [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : yu scg ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]]
2344684 0 [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : scg yu ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]]
2344705 0 [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : yu scg ( since 2003 ) ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]]
2345093 1 ]] , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : scg ( since to 2003 ) ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]]
2 was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : scg ( since 2003 ) , now ' ' scg ' ' ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]]
2447379 0 was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' yu ' ' ( to 2003 ) , now . serbia and montenegro ' s country codes are ' ' scg ' ' ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]]
1 called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' yu ' ' ( to 2003 ) , now ' ' scg ' ' / ' ' cs ' ' . ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]]
2946249 4 serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . in [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia was officially abolished when the two republics formed a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' yu ' ' . serbia and montenegro ' s country codes are ' ' scg ' ' / ' ' cs ' ' . ' ' ' see also ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ nl :
4134182 1 a term used for three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[
7017659 0 entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug jugo ' ' in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' '
7019866 0 entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jugo jug ' ' is from ' ' južni ' ' which in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed
1 during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jugo ' ' is from ' ' južni ' ' which in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[
10662699 0 and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia ruled by mark barbour = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | marshal tito led yugoslavia
11018444 0 and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = the second yugoslavia ruled by mark barbour = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | marshal tito led yugoslavia
15243372 2 world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' ' democratic federal yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of
22785116 7 # 353 ; an vasiljevi & # 263 ; ]] from bosnia and herzegovina first met with [[ pavle popovi & # 263 ; ]] , a representative of [[ nikola pa & # 353 ; i & # 263 ; pašić ]] ' s [[ serbia ]] n government , on neutral ground in [[ florence ]] , [[ italy ]] , in an effort to coordinate their efforts towards building an
9 [[ june 28 ]] [[ 1921 ]] , & mdash ; a day of historical importance to serbs ( see [[ vidovdan ]] ) & mdash ; parliament ( ' ' skup & # 353 ; tina skupština ' ' ) passed a new constitution despite a boycott from croatian mps . the constitution centralized political authority and strengthened the power of the royal government in belgrade . in
12 aleksandar ) used the shooting as a pretext to strengthen his power and on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] he suspended the constitution , dissolved the ' ' skup & # 353 ; tina skupština ' ' and proclaimed a royal dictatorship . he went on to reorganize the regional divisions within the country and renamed it the ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] '
22950357 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( югославия југославија , ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the
25682758 5 south slavs . [[ lujo vojnović ]] was also present as an observer from the kingdom of [[ montenegro ]] . the new " yugoslav " cause ( from ' ' jugoslav jugosloven ' ' , meaning " southern slav " ) was receiving an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally tired of austria - hungary
29301861 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' or ' ' югославия ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in
29965606 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' or ' ' югославия ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in
30227906 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) and laura and ashlyn are the queens of the whole country is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]]
30227976 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) and laura and ashlyn are the queens of the whole country is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]]
30228487 1 {st@rt} laura and ashlyn and brooke are kool cuz she is the the queen queens ! ! ! ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' '
30266304 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) and david is soooo cool i luv him is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]]
30266737 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) and david is soooo cool i luv him is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]]
31961080 6 was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia
31974664 1 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in 1945 as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in 1946 became yummy the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal
31982067 0 {st@rt} poop ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is yummy the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[
1 {st@rt} poop is yummy a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in 1918 as the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' , which was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' in 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in 1945 as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in 1946 became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] [[ 1963 ]] the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal
33669006 2 until it was invaded in 1941 by the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , 1945 as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in 1946 became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry )
36974209 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' југославија югославия ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in
36974374 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in cyrillic ' ' югославия југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in
36976149 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] cyrillic ' ' југославија ' ' ) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[
41954796 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia yugoslaviatttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]]
41954910 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslaviatttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]]
51123816 9 ]] , in an effort to coordinate their efforts towards building an independent state of western south slavs . [[ lujo vojnović ]] was also present as an observer from the kingdom of [[ montenegro ]] . the new " yugoslav " cause habsburg empire ( from ' ' jugosloven ' ' , meaning " southern slav " ) was receiving an increasing amount of support : in the western states , the people were generally
53853882 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia nigger ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]]
53853964 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' nigger yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]]
56069954 6 - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' de facto ' kelsey ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , and the nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . in autumn of 1941 , the
56070049 1 , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : haha i love wikipedia ! ! ! 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : i dont know why we can never use that as a source for history ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : ive
3 proved to be a costly decision . ) ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : haha i love wikipedia ! ! ! ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : i dont know why we can never use that jasenovac1 . jpg | thumb | in the [[ independent state of croatia ]] , serbs , jews and gypsies were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] ]] [[ image : radovna _ spomenik . jpg | thumb | a memorial erected to the memory of villagers of [[ radovna ]] ( [[ slovenia ]] ) , who were burned alive by the germans ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a source for history ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : ive always wanted to edit something on that site ' ' ' alyssa ' ' ' : edit
5 ' ' : haha i love wikipedia ! ! ! ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : i dont know why we can never use that as a source for history every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . following chetniks ' termination of war activities , the allies eventually switched to support the nla . however , nla carried on its guerrilla warfare . this led to great civilian loss of life in most regions of yugoslavia . the estimated [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 individuals or 10 % of the population of yugoslavia . very high losses were among serbs of bosnia and croatia , and members of [[ aryan | non - aryan ]] ( according to the german racist theory : [[ jew ]] s , [[ roma people | gypsies ]] ) minorities , high also among all other non - [[ collaboration | collaborating ]] population . during the war , the [[ communism | communist ]] - led [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | partisans ]] were ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : ive always wanted to edit something on that site ' ' ' alyssa ' ' ' : edit ? ' ' ' kelsey
6 haha i love wikipedia ! ! ! ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : i dont know why we can never use that as a source for history ' ' ' kelsey de facto ' ' ' : ive always wanted to edit something on that site ' ' ' alyssa ' ' ' : edit ? ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' :
7 ! ! ! ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : i dont know why we can never use that as a source for history ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : ive always wanted to edit something rulers on that site ' ' ' alyssa ' ' ' : edit ? ' ' ' kelsey ' ' ' : u can just go on wikipedia and click the edit
56649018 0 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of [[ may 22 ]] [[ 2006 ]] montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = ' ' ' background ' ' ' = = during the early period of the world war one ( 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures (
59611366 4 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) and then the . # the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . ' ' ' * the third was called ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia
59612233 1 ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . # the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] ' ' ' was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which . it was re - named the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' on [[ january 6 ]] , [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until
63135279 3 ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . # the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' ' kingdom of serbs ,
5 ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' ' . # it is also known as the second yugoslavia . ethnic conflicts and the declaration of independence by most of the constituent republics lead to the formation of the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) ' ' ' was formed in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia
12 . translated , the name means land of the south [[ slavs ]] ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . # the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which
63330276 2 operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = ' ' main | main article : ' ' [[ yugoslavia during world war ii ]] at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]]
68011126 1 it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry ) was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as and would exist under this name until its death following the ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry
5 ) ' ' . it is also known as the second yugoslavia . ethnic conflicts and the declaration of independence by most of the constituent republics lead to the formation of a federation named the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] (
70496901 0 ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' in the word ' ' jugoslavija jugo ' ' means south ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy |
71266397 0 ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jugo jug ' ' means south ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy |
74593441 1 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' " jug ' ' means south ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy
2 on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' means " meaning " south ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed
3 peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' means south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in
75110524 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia colin ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[
75122189 0 {st@rt} colin ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[
75500223 1 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , " југославиа " in [[ [[ serbian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ]] ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three separate
75943125 0 {st@rt} ' ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , југославиа in [[ [[ serbian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ]] ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) is a term used for the three separate
79166596 1 entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of the [[ south slavs croatians ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first
79166722 0 century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of the fat pieces of shit who try and copy the [[ croatians south slavs ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first
81819756 0 [[ axis powers ]] . capitulating only 11 days later , it ceased to exist on [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] . nikola tesla helped invent the lightbulb . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945 ]]
83086015 0 peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of the [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . {{ ussr - stub }} the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed on [[ december
83087412 0 peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of the [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . {{ ussr - stub }} the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed on [[ december
83629642 1 opposing the [[ nazism | nazis ]] organized resistance movements . those inclined towards supporting the old kingdom of yugoslavia joined the [[ chetniks ]] ( ' ' četnici ' ' known for their war crimes and atrocities against non - orthodox population , croatians , muslims etc . ) , a mostly serb - composed nationalistic royalist guerilla army led by colonel [[ draža mihajlović | dragoljub " draža " mihailović ]] . those inclined towards supporting the [[
83862003 6 land of the [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as
22 ' ' in [[ 1943 ]] . it changed its name to the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' in [[ 1946 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] it would again change its name to ) , and the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry ) and would exist under this name until its death following the [[ yugoslav wars
27 this name until its death following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . the declaration of independence and secession by most of the constituent republics of sfry led to the formation of a federation named most of the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] (
28 death following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . the declaration of independence and secession by most of the constituent republics of sfry led to the formation of a federation named the constituent elements of the sfry . the ' ' ' [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( fry ) in 1992 on the territory of the two remaining republics of [[ serbia ]] ( including
40 the three separate political entities that existed during most of the [[ 20th century ]] on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]] . the name means ' ' land of the [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the first yugoslavia
84126533 0 general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' jugosllavia ' ' in [[ albanian language ]] ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs
84138388 2 general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' jugosllavia ' ' in [[ albanian language ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs
86395147 1 yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationkingdom of serbs , coats and slovenes . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language |
87450897 1 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia monoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian
2 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija hugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]]
3 ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia yhavoossslavia ' ' ' ( c . 1943 - ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the
87452403 1 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' monoslavia yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' hugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian
2 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' monoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' hugoslavija jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]]
3 ]] . it was invaded on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yhavoossslavia yugoslavia ' ' ' ( c . 1943 - ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the
87880829 0 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija jewgoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]]
87880931 0 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia jewgoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jewgoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian
87883231 0 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' jewgoslavia yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jewgoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian
1 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' jewgoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jewgoslavija jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]]
92025162 0 as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic languages ]] , slovenian , croatian , bosnian , ' ' југославија ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south
92027256 7 on [[ april 6 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( c . [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 - ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of yugoslavia (
92498255 4 . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ slovenian language | slovenian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , or ' ' југославија ' ' in ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south
92887025 1 in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . these states are signatiories of various partnership agreements with the european union . from [[ january 1 ]] [[ 2007 ]] they will be encircled by member - states of eu . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[
94995394 22 political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in latin , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] , [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed
103170139 0 [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . dumdumdum ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in latin , југославија in [[ cyrillic ]] , [[ english language | english ]] : "
103170809 1 [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . dumdumdum ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in latin , југославија in [[ cyrillic ]] , [[ english language | english ]] : "
106966564 2 of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) " ( 1943 ) , the " federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia poopheads ( fpry ) " ( 1946 ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated following the [[
106967013 2 of yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of idiots ( dfi ) " ( 1943 ) , the " federal people ' s republic of poopheads yugoslavia ( fprp ) " ( 1946 ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of dumbdumbs ]] ( sfrd ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated following the [[
107938591 9 }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in latin , југославија in [[ cyrillic ]] , [[ english language | english ]] : "
116309891 0 locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia yougoslavioa ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic latinic transliterations | latinic ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english
116310787 0 locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yougoslavioa yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic latinic transliterations | latinic ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english
117037791 0 [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic latinic transliterations | latinic ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language |
117265106 0 [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic latinic transliterations | latinic ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language |
118822620 0 ]] ( sfry ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] , which followed the secession of most of the constituent elements of sfry . yugoslavia is full of freaking homo ' s . i hate them alot . . . fuckin queers . the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( [[ april 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] & ndash ; [[ february 4 ]] ,
118822915 0 ]] ( sfry ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] , which followed the secession of most of the constituent elements of sfry . yugoslavia is full of freaking homo ' s . i hate them alot . . . fuckin queers . the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( [[ april 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] & ndash ; [[ february 4 ]] ,
121096496 0 borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic latinic transliterations | latinic ]] , ' ' југославија югославия ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one
121132348 0 borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in [[ south slavic latinic transliterations | latinic ]] , ' ' югославия југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one
124386138 0 see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years this is not spartaaaaaaaaa ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија '
124386558 0 see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | this is not spartaaaaaaaaa general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија '
125375679 0 by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . gage curtis is the king of yugoslavia . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] [[ 1943 ]] - [[ 25 june ]] [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism |
125375790 0 by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . gage curtis is the king of yugoslavia . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] [[ 1943 ]] - [[ 25 june ]] [[ 1991 ]] ) , a [[ socialism |
125725649 1 ]] ( sfry ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] , which followed the secession of most of the constituent elements of sfry . yugoslavia is not a real country the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( [[ april 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] & ndash ; [[ february 4 ]] ,
4 south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski jewgoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs
125729057 2 south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jewgoslavenski jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs
19 ]] ( sfry ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] , which followed the secession of most of the constituent elements of sfry . yugoslavia is not a real country the ' ' ' federal jewry of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( [[ april 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] & ndash ; [[ february 4 ]] ,
130116694 0 entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia frogs ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom
130128592 0 entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom of frogs yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom
131422302 2 ' . viking , 1941 * white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * misha glenny ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * [ http : / / www .
131566036 3 locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one at t have both a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' (
4 alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] penis and a vagina theen your retarded . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]]
131566366 3 | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] i like monkies alot if you don ' t your gay and not just regular gay super gay you know what else i like . . . . big penises oooh yummy . i like to put them in my mouth and suck the kum right out of them . i have a huge one you know what else i have . . . . . . tities please find me and suck them now have a nice day and don ' t forget if you don ' t have both a penis and a vagina theen your retarded . goodbye the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' (
4 have a huge one you know what else i have . . . . . . tities please find me and suck them now have a nice day and don ' t forget if you don ' t have both a penis and a vagina theen your retarded . goodbye the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[
5 find me and suck them now have a nice day and don ' t forget if you don ' t have both a penis and a vagina theen your retarded . goodbye the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] )
132112380 0 republic of macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ kosovo ]] ( ' ' kosovo ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ; ' ' [[ kosova ]] ' ' in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ united
1 macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] [[ kosovo ]] ( ' ' kosovo ' ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] ; ' ' [[ kosova ]] ' ' in [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ) , a province in southern serbia , is a de - facto [[ protectorate ]] of the [[ united nations |
134661534 0 by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . your mom ! ! ! ! ! ! ! oh ! the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) ,
134674522 0 by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . your mom ! ! ! ! ! ! ! oh ! the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991 ]] ) ,
137226277 3 of the balkans : eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of the balkans : twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 *
141100456 0 slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor komitet ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living
141299383 1 slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski komitet odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds , especially among south slavs living
154069684 1 ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] , or literary ' ' the land of south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] .
154570888 0 by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' great monkey plague of 1804 ' ' ' - giant monkey slaves from the evil overlord julienne the 2nd drove all humans from the country . the ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991
154571217 0 . the ' ' ' great monkey plague of 1804 ' ' ' - giant monkey slaves from the evil overlord shak the 2nd drove all humans from the country . these monkeys were well known to enjoy eating chinese food . the ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991
154571309 0 by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' great monkey plague of 1804 ' ' ' - giant monkey slaves from the evil overlord shak the 2nd drove all humans from the country . these monkeys were well known to enjoy eating chinese food . the ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991
163795883 0 by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . joney loves chochie the ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991
163795909 1 by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . joney loves chochie the ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991
165472471 0 ) . starting in [[ 1991 ]] , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the secession of most of the republic ' s constituent elements . yugoslavia is in europe on on the very southern location of the map . the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( [[ april 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] & ndash ; [[ february 4 ]] ,
165576243 3 ) . starting in [[ 1991 ]] , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the secession of most of the republic ' s constituent elements . yugoslavia is in europe on on the very southern location of the map . the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( [[ april 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] & ndash ; [[ february 4 ]] ,
167812918 4 to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * clark , ramsey : ' ' nato in the balkans : voices policy of opposition ' ' . international action center , 1998 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder ,
10 : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * johnstone , diana : ' ' a history of bosnia ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al
12 council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . london : saqi , 2007 ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al - qaida ' s jihad in europe : the afghan - bosnian network
16 history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools ’ crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 * kohlmann , evan f . : ' ' al
173201606 0 by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . it was the most retarted thing ever the ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991
173294458 0 by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . it was the most retarted thing ever the ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] , [[ 1991
175056884 1 , [[ croatia ]] , [[ fyrom | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom
176243621 0 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ 6 january ]] [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] ,
176243919 0 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ april 17 ]] , [[ 1941 ]] ) , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia ]] , was a [[ monarchy ]] formed as the " kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes " after [[ world war i ]] and re - named on [[ 6 january ]] [[ 1929 ]] by [[ alexander i of yugoslavia ]] . it was invaded on [[ 6 april ]] [[ 1941 ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] and capitulated eleven days later . the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 29 november ]] , [[ 1943 ]] & ndash ; [[ 25 june ]] ,
177755721 13 . viking , 1941 * white t . another fool in the balkans - in the footsteps of rebecca west . cadogan guides , london , 2006 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * [ http : / / www
186368893 1 [[ croatia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia yugosuckia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] / [[ 1945 ]] ) , also
186370192 1 [[ croatia ]] , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugosuckia yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] / [[ 1945 ]] ) , also
192073726 0 }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија '
192075557 18 }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | југославија }} , {{ lang | sh - latn | ' ' jugoslavija ' ' }} ,
193472193 0 | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' " jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english
2 varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , ' ' " југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : [[ south slavia ]] , or literally ' ' the land of [[
197954262 0 are signatories of various partnership agreements with the european union . since [[ january 1 ]] , [[ 2007 ]] , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of sfr yugoslavia and new states " > image
198258542 0 republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] is also partially recognized as a new country . yugoslavia was ruled by riley bowden in 1887 . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943
198258733 0 republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] is also partially recognized as a new country . yugoslavia was ruled by riley bowden in 1887 . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943
200573250 5 , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . [[ kosovo ]] is also partially recognized as a new country socialist republic of the former yugoslavia it had the status of a socialist autonomous province within serbia along with [[ vojvodina ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( [[ 1 december ]] , [[ 1918 ]] & ndash ; [[ november 29 ]] , [[
206808719 5 the [[ gaj ' s latin alphabet | latin alphabet ]] , " југославија " in [[ cyrillic ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : ' ' south slavia ' ' " , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe ,
210757366 8 - and some elements in the [[ bosniaks | bosnian muslim ]] population - to bolster their rule . there has been one structural element in the post - world war ii yugoslav state and banned nationalism from being publicly promoted . overall relative peace was retained under tito ' s stability : the joint concern of the [[ soviet union | ussr ]] and the [[ united states | usa ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a
216850189 25 ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * glenny , misha , ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * gutman
231803887 26 ]] ( [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic alphabet ]] ) and in [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] ; [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " , or literally ' ' the land of [[ south slavs ]] ' ' ) describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in [[ europe ]]
243622449 0 nations and , together with other countries , started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . afdgdnmv = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . lfjifkmfkm ' nhhhhhhjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj = = = the government = = = [[ image : proslavatito . jpg | thumb | right | 250px | the 1968 [[ league of communists
250982182 0 have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . ' ' see also : [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] ' ' . < gallery caption = " flags of the new recognized states " perrow = 3 > image : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | <
255553028 5 locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia yugoslobia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian
255553113 7 locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslobia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslobia yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian
276005095 1 croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ fyromian language | fyromian macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of
276016370 1 language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ montenegrin language | montenegrin ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ fyromian _ language | fyromian macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of
284695040 54 macedonia , which would otherwise create a border dispute if ever macedonian romantic nationalism should resurface ( ' ' see [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization | imoro ]] ' ' ) . this was despite the fact that the yugoslav army refused to abandon its military infrastructure on the top of the straža mountain up to the year [[ 2000 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on november 27 , 1991 , which
293468792 1 ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " , [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ' ' jugoslavia jug ' ' ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the
293624881 2 | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; from the [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ' ' jug jugoslavia ' ' and ' ' slav ' ' that means " the south slavia " or " the slavs of the south " ; ) is a term that describes three
3 : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; from the [[ albanian language | albanian ]] ' ' jug ' ' and ' ' slav ' ' that means " the south slavia " or " the slavs of the south " ; ) ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to
294280644 0 }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[
299640156 2 right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' i am moving to yugoslavia because i am hated ' ' ' the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was known as the kingdom of
299640381 0 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia yugoslaviais my new home because i am hated ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language
299640410 0 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslaviais my new home because i am hated yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language
318046156 24 < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms file : sfry slovenia . png | 60px ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ;
324698381 0 better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " cipplione ' s dick . " = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia
329283670 5 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia yugoslamania ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin _ language | montenegrin
329284590 5 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslamania . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslamania yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbian language | serbian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ montenegrin _ language | montenegrin
330323334 0 ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ serbian province kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' '
330920945 0 ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo | serbian province kosovo ]] ' ' < ref > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | ' '
339725475 4 serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy yugo - nostalgia ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people
400599300 67 ' ' , volume 1 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 ed 236 093 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' [[ history of the balkans : twentieth century ]] ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 * kohlmann ,
439457771 0 zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | - | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] : {{ smaller | ' ' [[ kosovo ]] ' ' {{ ref label | status | a | } } | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " |
441313646 43 , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third
44 ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 - 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * roberts , walter r | walter r roberts : < http : / / en . wikipedia . org
468701811 14 state union of serbia and montenegro = = main article : [[ serbia and montenegro ]] following the [[ breakup of yugoslavia ]] , it was established in 1992 as a [[ federation ]] called successor to the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ; {{ lang - sr | ' ' savezna republika jugoslavija ' ' , савезна република југославија ;
469728921 8 center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } = = = yugosphere = = = the | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > the ' ' yugosphere ' ' is a term used to describe the present day physical areas which formed yugoslavia , as well as culture and influence . < ref >
496003280 4 former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] countries that emerged from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' '
562312676 0 countries , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognized kosovo as an independent nation . = = = yugosphere = = = in 2009 , ' ' [[ the ' ' yugosphere ' ' is the present - day physical areas that formed yugoslavia , as well as its culture and influence . {{ clarify | reason = what
1 , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognized kosovo as an independent nation . = = = yugosphere = = = the economist ]] ' ' coined the term ' ' yugosphere ' ' is the present - day physical areas that formed yugoslavia , as well as its culture and influence . {{ clarify | reason = what sort
2 and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognized kosovo as an independent nation . = = = yugosphere = = = the ' ' yugosphere ' ' is to describe the present - day physical areas that formed yugoslavia , as well as its culture and influence . {{ clarify | reason = what sort of influence ? what of /
578690791 2 }} {{ pp - move - indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the italian border changed after world war ii left a population of half a million slavs < ref name = " hehnp _ low _ dishonest _ decade " > hehn , paul n . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : '
3 indef }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the italian border changed after world war ii . ( 2005 ) [ http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = noalhezkydkc & pg = pa45 & dq = % 22the + treaty + left + half + a + million + slavs + inside + italy + while + only + a + few + hundred + italians & lr = & sig = acfu3u1d _ etppjl - 3k8nsyws4mfuun44sq a low dishonest decade : italy , the powers and eastern europe , 1918 - 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] , cutting off a quarter of [[ slovenes | slovene ]] ethnic territory . {{ efn - lr | the [[ slovene minority in italy ( 1920 – 1947 ) ]] was subjected to forced [[ italianization ]] . }} ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' '
582992172 5 / / www . amazon . com / hitlers - new - disorder - yugoslavia - columbia / dp / 0231700504 / excerpt and text search ] * ramet , sabrina p . ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * [[ walter roberts (
595497490 4 to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 * hornyak , arpad . ' ' hungarian - yugoslav diplomatic relations , 1918 - 1927 ' ' ( east european monographs , distributed by columbia university press ; 2013 ) 426 pages * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history
616888308 13 constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between the croatian defence minister martin špegelj and the two men , filmed by the yugoslav counter intelligence counterintelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well
22 needed | date = march 2014 }} . guns were also fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of
622094862 19 constant surveillance which produced a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between the croatian defence minister martin špegelj and the two men , filmed by the yugoslav counterintelligence counter - intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well
623264153 0 eastern europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . }} ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' '
675969689 0 also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by [[ vlado chernozemski ]] , an experienced marksman from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ]] ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] with the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian fascist revolutionary organisation . alexander was succeeded by his eleven -
702550312 10 and eastern europe , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] ' ' ' . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : '
702589142 10 , 1918 – 1939 . ] , chapter 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in ' ' ' [[ italy ]] ' ' ' . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : '
716517444 0 history . com / this - day - in - history / yugoslavia - surrenders | title = apr 17 , 1941 : yugoslavia surrenders | author = ' ' [[ history ( u . s . tv channel ) | history channel ]] ' ' | publisher = history . com | year = 2014 }} < / ref > more than 300 , 000 yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken
768996113 7 indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia | general secretary ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија , {{ lang - sl | jugoslavija }} , {{ lang - mk
769617323 1 cold war ]] {{ • }} [[ yugoslav wars ]] | government _ type = [[ monarchy ]] ( 1918 - 1945 ) < br > [[ republic ]] ( 1945 - 2006 ) | | year _ start = 1918 | year _ end = 2006 | event _ start = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | date _ start = 1
790079385 2 , [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] and [[ former yugoslavia republic of macedonia ]] ( fyrom disputed ) . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија {{ ipa - sh | juɡǒslaːʋija | } } ; {{
819797470 0 " books . google . com " / > {{ clear }} { | class = " wikitable " | - ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries sovereign states | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' capital ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center >
820172102 1 _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = | longd = | longm = | longew = | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = < br / > ' ' ' 1919 - 1941 : ' ' ' < br / > ' ' [[ himna kraljevine jugoslavije ]] ' ' < br / > химна краљевине југославије <
820335320 0 : united states navy band - hey , slavs . ogg ]] }} | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = ' ' ' 1921 - 1945 : ' ' ' < br / > [[ serbo - croato - slovene ]] {{ ref label | scs | a | } } < ref name = "
1 multilingual matters | isbn = 978 - 1 - 85359 - 732 - 9 | pages = 26 }} < / ref > < br / > ' ' ' 1945 - 1992 : ' ' ' < br / > [[ serbo - croatian ]] < br / > [[ slovene language | slovene ]] < br / > [[ macedonian language
820947772 0 . shtml | title = partisans : war in the balkans 1941 – 1945 | author = dr . stephen a . hart | author2 = ' ' [[ british broadcasting company corporation ]] ' ' | publisher = bbc . com | date = february 17 , 2011 }} < / ref > the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]]
823677880 2 latd = | latm = | latns = | longd = | longm = | longew = | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = ' ' ' 1919 - 1941 : ' ' ' < br / > ' ' [[ himna kraljevine jugoslavije ]] ' ' < br / > химна краљевине југославије < br / > {{ small
3 the kingdom of yugoslavia " }} < br / > {{ center | [[ file : himna kraljevine jugoslavije . ogg ]] }} < br / > ' ' ' 1943 - 1992 ' ' ' : < br / > ' ' [[ hej , slaveni ]] ' ' ( unofficial ) < br / > хеј , словени < br /
4 with 800 , 000 men . < ref > michael lees , ' ' the rape of serbia : the british role in tito ' s grab for power , 1943 - 1944 ' ' ( 1990 ) . < / ref > < ref > {{ cite book | author1 = james r . arnold | author2 = roberta wiener | title
group 67
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
1280214 0 yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * * ' ' ' socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' from 1963 to 1992 . * [[ federal republic of yugoslavia serbia and montenegro | republic of yugoslavia ]] , which exists from 1992 , under names : * * ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' , from 1992 to [[
25683008 0 of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics and two autonomous province . the republics were : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] and within serbia ' s new reduced borders
49148733 1 yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and in [[ april 7 ]] republics - [[ slovenia | s . r . slovenia ]] , [[ croatia | s . r . croatia ]] , [[ socialist federal republic of macedonia | s . r . macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina | s . r . bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third
63521475 140 , the yugoslav army acted as a buffer zone , in others it was protecting the serbs from new croatian army disguised as police force . in september 1991 , the [[ republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed
87450897 0 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal federel republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationkingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location
87452403 0 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federel federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationkingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location
89053587 0 and montenegro , serbia }} {{ legend | # ffff00 | [[ slovenia ]] }} {{ legend | # 0000fe | [[ croatia ]] }} {{ legend | # 800080 | [[ republic of [[ macedonia ]] }} {{ legend | # 008000 | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] }} {{ legend | # 8080ff | [[ federation of bosnia and herzegovina ]]
105959469 0 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal pooping republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as
105959810 0 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | pooping federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as
115224788 0 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | federal international republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as
115225029 0 {st@rt} {{ see also | kingdom of yugoslavia | international federal republic of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 200px | general location of the political entities known as
176994750 0 [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # socialist republic of [[ croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # former yugoslav socialist republic of [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # socialist republic of [[ montenegro ]] , with the capital in
177756970 0 and a socialist autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : # [[ socialist republic of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # socialist republic of [[ croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb
1 ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : # socialist republic of [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # [[ socialist republic of [[ croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # former yugoslav socialist republic of [[ macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje
2 [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # socialist republic of [[ croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # former yugoslav [[ socialist republic of [[ macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # socialist republic of [[ montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd
3 [[ croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # former yugoslav socialist republic of [[ macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # [[ socialist republic of [[ montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # socialist republic of [[ serbia ]] , with the
4 with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # socialist republic of [[ montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of [[ serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . socialist autonomous district of [[ kosovo
8 , with the capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . socialist autonomous province of [[ vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of [[ slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter
191630147 0 during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , the [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' (
191630826 0 during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . the six countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , the [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] , and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' (
192069389 1 countries that were once part of yugoslavia are [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ croatia ]] , [[ kosovo ]] ( from sunday , february 17th , 2008 ) , the [[ republic of macedonia ]] , [[ montenegro ]] , [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' (
206669188 0 and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # [[ socialist former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] (
206669455 1 | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the former yugoslav [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u .
2 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the former yugoslav [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended
206671147 0 and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # [[ socialist former yugoslav republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] (
3 | war in former yugoslavia ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | countries of former yugoslavia ]] in september 1991 , the former yugoslav [[ republic of macedonia ]] also declared independence , becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade - based yugoslav authorities . five hundred u .
4 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , following a referendum the former yugoslav [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * [[ october 8 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ july 9 ]] moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended
206809460 22 ]] [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] and [[ serbia ]] respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the loose agreement . on february 18 , [[ 2008 , [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] unilaterally declared independence from serbia , an act fiercely opposed by serbia . _ _ toc _ _ = = background =
230534561 0 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] " ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] was added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent socialist republics that made up the country , from north to south , were : [[ sr slovenia ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr bosnia and
232996003 1 the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[ croatia ]] * [[ kosovo ]] ( only some nations recognize it as an independent country , and the un has not done so is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european
237570587 0 [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was
237605005 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal federative republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia
3 renamed to the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal federative republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the
5 | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federal federative republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six socialist republics , a socialist
7 movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federal federative republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government
8 250px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] celebration . ]] on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal federative republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own
9 regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal federative republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and
10 [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal federative republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the
11 in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federal federative republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[
237910349 0 {st@rt} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federative federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ image : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia
3 renamed to the federative people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federative federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the
5 | 250px | right | numbered map of yugoslav republics and provinces . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] , the new [[ constitution of the socialist federative federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] of [[ federative people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six socialist republics , a socialist
7 movement ]] in 1961 , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = demographics = = = {{ main | demographics of the socialist federative federal republic of yugoslavia }} the population of yugoslavia according to the 1981 census was 22 . 4 million . [[ changes in yugoslavian religious demographics ]] = = = the government
8 250px | the 1968 [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] celebration . ]] on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federative federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in the sfry , each republic and province had its own
9 regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federative federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and
10 [[ 4 may ]] [[ 1980 ]] , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federative federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , made all the more hopeless as the
11 in bosnia ]] followed shortly thereafter . = = = = the end of the second yugoslavia = = = = various dates are considered as the end of the socialist federative federal republic of yugoslavia : * [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * [[ september 8 ]] , [[
241098556 1 socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . # [[ socialist republic of kosovo ]] [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]]
241485481 6 socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] < br / > 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]]
244370322 1 [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ former yugoslav republic of macedonia | fyr macedonia ]] * [[ montenegro ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]]
249341441 0 , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] and metohija , with the capital in [[ priština ]] < br / > 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the
251599396 3 * [[ kosovo ]] ( status as an independent country is [[ 2008 _ kosovo _ declaration _ of _ independence # international _ reaction | in dispute ]] ) * [[ montenegro ]] {{ mkd }} * {{ mne }} * {{ srb }} * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] * [[ serbia ]] * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia ,
251642390 0 republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # [[ socialist republic of kosovo ]] , with th capital in [[ prishtina ]] , # [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica |
251642787 0 republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # [[ socialist republic of kosovo ]] , with th capital in [[ prishtina ]] , # [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica |
251643970 0 , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , # [[ socialist autonomous province of kosova , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the
251645066 0 , and a socialist autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : # * [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb
1 belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : # [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # * [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # [[ socialist autonomous province of kosova ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]]
2 republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , # [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , # [[ socialist autonomous province of kosova ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] # * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd
3 [[ socialist autonomous province of kosova ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] # [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # * [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the
4 , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , # [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] ,
5 , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , # including : * * [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] , # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad
9 # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , # [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] , # * * [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for
251645247 0 [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : * [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , ; * [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]]
1 socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] , * [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , ; * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , * [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica |
2 * [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] , * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , ; * [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with
3 ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] , * [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , ; * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ socialist autonomous province of kosova ]] , with the capital
4 of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ socialist autonomous province of kosova ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . * [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in
257767654 0 , and a socialist autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : * { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | 1 . [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb
3 [[ belgrade ]] . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : * [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] < / center > | - | 4 . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; * [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje
17 prishtina ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 - 1963 ) | autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 6 . [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ image : flag of sr slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ image : sr slovenia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } {{ smaller | < nowiki > * [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the
18 ]] , * * [[ autonomous province of vojvodina ( 1945 - 1963 ) | autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . * < / nowiki > now [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] . in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina and kosovo - metohija ( for the latter
292035709 8 federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian
300473210 7 center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5 . [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : 5a . {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : 5b . {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }} | style = " font - size : 90
310373520 0 this was the largest yugoslav state , as [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent eight six socialist republics and socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] ,
318046156 2 width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sr bosnia and herzegovina coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 2 . png | 60px ]] < / center > . [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag
6 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr croatia coa . png | 40px ]] < center > | - | 3 . png | 60px ]] < / center > . [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag
7 ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
9 center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 4 . png | 60px ]] < / center > . [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki >
10 svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki > |
12 | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5 . png | 60px ]] < / center > . [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag
13 > | < center > [[ file : sr montenegro coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5 . [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of
33 serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5a . [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of sr serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : sr serbia coa . png | 40px ]] < / center > | - | 5b . [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ novi sad ]] | < center > [[ file :
340419473 3 ] * the [ http : / / chnm . gmu . edu / 1989 / exhibits / collapse / essay collapse of communist yugoslavia ] {{ yug - timeline }} [[ pages in category " former socialist republics " ]] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in the balkans ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ category
341737479 2 center > [[ file : flag of the sr macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms _ of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry
468701811 3 ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | 1 | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style
4 | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 2 | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag
5 center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 3 | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag
6 center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 4 | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] < nowiki > * < / nowiki >
7 center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry montenegro . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 5 < br > 5a < br > 5b | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }}
8 center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 6 | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag
530920330 1 header = | image1 = flag of sfr yugoslavia . svg | caption1 = flag of [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | sfr yugoslavia ]] | image2 = sfryugoslavianumbered . png svg | caption2 = republics and autonomous provinces of sfr yugoslavia }} on 29 november 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii
547327217 10 > [[ file : flag of sr croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : coat of arms rowspan of the socialist republic of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file :
33 ' ' ' coat of arms ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' location ' ' ' < / center > | - | 1 | [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style
37 | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry bosnia and herzegovina . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 2 | [[ socialist republic of croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | style = " width : 6em ;
40 center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry croatia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 3 | [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | style = " width : 6em ;
45 center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry macedonia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 4 | [[ socialist republic of montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ titograd ]] , now [[ podgorica ]] | style =
48 center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry montenegro . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 5 < br > 5a < br > 5b | [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo ]] }} : {{ smaller | [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] }}
55 center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : sfry serbia . png | 60px ]] < / center > | - | 6 | [[ socialist republic of slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | style = " width : 6em ;
566575713 1 pages = }} < / ref > however , he refused to abdicate . on 31 january 1946 , the new [[ 1946 yugoslav constitution | constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeled after the [[ soviet union ]] , established six republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia
578523219 4 ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country were : [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina | sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ socialist republic of croatia | sr croatia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | sr
580282779 6 of a [[ montenegrin independence referendum , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] . after montenegrin independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the [[ republic of serbia ]] . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to [[ international recognition of kosovo | an
9 ]] , therefore rendering serbia and montenegro as no longer existent . after montenegro ' s independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the [[ republic of serbia ]] . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is
617081328 1 ]] , [[ socialist republic of slovenia | sr slovenia ]] , and [[ socialist republic of serbia | sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of : [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | kosovo ]] , which after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of
631903255 0 independence , serbia became the [[ legal successor ]] of serbia and montenegro , while montenegro re - applied for membership in international organisations . in february 2008 , the [[ kosovo | republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognised state . however , numerous countries , including the united
648135254 1 sr montenegro ]] , [[ socialist republic of slovenia | sr slovenia ]] , and [[ socialist republic of serbia | sr serbia ]] . serbia contained two socialist autonomous provinces : , [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina | vojvodina ]] and [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo | kosovo ]] , which after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of
687666912 2 1963 , the country was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) . the constituent six socialist republics that made up the country were the [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ socialist republic of croatia | sr croatia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | sr macedonia ]] , [[ socialist
846864398 1 {st@rt} {{ for2 | the 1943 – 1992 socialist federation | [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] | the 1918 – 1941 / 43 kingdom | [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] | the state union of serbia and montenegro
group 68
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
298091 1 this led to some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . for more information about the current situation in 20th century , a number of states in yugoslavia , see [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , the name under which the republic is currently officially recognised by the [[ united states ]] . < b > [[
14 serbia ) , this led to some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . for more information about the current situation in yugoslavia , see [[ serbia and montenegro ]] , the name under which the republic is currently officially recognised by the [[ united states ]] . < b > [[
73806 4 within the various countries ( serbian regions in croatia and bosnia , croatian in bosnia , albanian in serbia and f . y . r . o . m . , [[ hungary | hungarian in serbia ) , this led to some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] )
100257 0 < i > fig . 1 - current map of yugoslavia < / i > < / tr > < / td > < / table > the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia is a country in southeastern europe , formed in [[ 1918 ]] as a [[ monarchy ]] . after [[ world war ii ]] it became a [[ communism |
202246 1 yu < i > from the [[ cia world factbook ]] 2000 , with some wikification : < / i > * [[ yugoslavia / history | history ]] * [[ geography of yugoslavia / geography | geography ]] * [[ yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] *
2 world factbook ]] 2000 , with some wikification : < / i > * [[ yugoslavia / history | history ]] * [[ yugoslavia / geography | geography ]] * [[ demographics of yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] *
3 : < / i > * [[ yugoslavia / history | history ]] * [[ yugoslavia / geography | geography ]] * [[ yugoslavia / people | people ]] * [[ politics of yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] *
6 / people | people ]] * [[ yugoslavia / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ transportation in yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ yugoslavia / military | military ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transnational issues | transnational issues ]]
7 / government | government ]] * [[ yugoslavia / economy | economy ]] * [[ yugoslavia / communications | communications ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transportation | transportation ]] * [[ military of yugoslavia / military | military ]] * [[ yugoslavia / transnational issues | transnational issues ]]
631453 2 in [[ 2000 ]] . in [[ 2002 ]] , serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued cooperation , which , among other changes , promised to end the use of the name yugoslavia in favor of ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ' ' ' . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top
3 ]] . in [[ 2002 ]] , serbia and montenegro came to a new agreement regarding continued cooperation , which , among other changes , promised to end the use of the name yugoslavia in favor of ' ' ' [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ' ' ' . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain )
644340 0 on 4th february , 2003 the federal parliament of yugoslavia dissolved the country and agreed to create a loose commonwealth of the remaining two states within the union . the new nation union of two nations is called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] ' ' ' . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / b >
854429 5 albanians ]] in serbia and f . y . r . o . m . , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] in serbia ) , this led to some often bloody civil wars ( [[ croatia / history | croatia ]] , [[ history of bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) . < table align = "
904665 1 in croatia and bosnia , [[ croatia | croatian ]] in bosnia , [[ albanians | albanians ]] in serbia and f . y . r . o . m . ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] in serbia ) , this was used as the cause for some bloody wars ( [[ croatia / history | croatia ]] , [[ history
904667 5 y . r . o . m . ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] in serbia ) , this was used as the cause for some bloody wars ( [[ history of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ croatia / history | croatia ]] , [[ history of bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) , through which serbian nationalists tried to maintain the
6 ]] , [[ history of bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] , [[ kosovo war ]] ) , through which serbian nationalists tried to maintain the control over the whole of [[ former yugoslavia . < table align = " right " > < tr > < td > [[ image : yugoslaviamap . png ]] < / tr > < / td
1041794 0 the federal parliament of yugoslavia dissolved the country and agreed to create a loose [[ commonwealth ]] of the remaining two states within a union . the new union of two nations states is called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . < b > [[ country codes | country code ]] ( top level domain ) : < / b > yu < i
1212343 1 div > until [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] the federal republic of ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' existed as a country in southeastern [[ europe ]] from [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] to [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . yugoslavia formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " in [[ 1929 ]] .
1298298 19 1946 to [[ 1963 ]] , * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] from 1963 to [[ 1992 ]] * federal republic of yugoslavia , from 1992 to [[ 2003 - yugoslavia formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] , renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " in [[ 1929 ]] . after
1377783 0 internal structure into a loose commonwealth and changed its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' ' yu = = related articles = = * see [[ history of yugoslavia ]]
1378810 0 structure into a loose commonwealth and changed its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' ' yu = = see also [[ history of yugoslavia ]] = =
1379097 1 into a loose commonwealth and changed its name to [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . [[ country codes | country code ]] : ' ' ' yu = = see also : = = * ' ' ' [[ history of yugoslavia ]]
1379155 0 monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] under name ' ' ' kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ' ' ' , whose name changed name to the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] in [[ 1929 ]] and existed under that name until it was invaded in [[ 1941 ]] by [[ axis powers ]] . the second was
3146202 1 in [[ 2003 ]] , name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . ' ' ' see also ' ' ' = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[
5415837 2 three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = = see also : the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]] and became a member in [[ 2004 ]] . croatia applied
6 three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ sfry }} [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ hr :
5616867 0 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before 2015 . see also : [[ enlargement of the european union ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ hr : jugoslavija ]] [[ nl : joegoslavië ]] [[
7017659 1 during most of the [[ 20th century ]] . translated , the name means ' ' land of the south [[ slavs ]] ' ' ( ' ' jug ' ' is from ' ' južni ' ' which in ' ' jugoslavija ' ' means south ) . * the first was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed in [[ 1918 ]] as the ' ' ' [[
8640415 3 . in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . see also : 15 on [[ history of yugoslavia ]] = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] *
4 in [[ 2003 ]] , the name yugoslavia was officially abolished when the state was transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . see also : [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]] , [[ hungary | hungarian ]] , and [[ bulgaria ]] n forces attacked yugoslavia . the [[ luftwaffe ]] bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on [[ april 17 ]] , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ ustashe | usta & # 353 ; e ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country went back to [[ albania ]] , [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and [[ italy ]] . yugoslavs opposing the [[ nazi ]] s joined the [[ partisans ( yugoslavia ) | yugoslav national liberation army ]] , led by [[ josip broz tito ]] , a [[ croats | croatian ]] member of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] . the nla staged a wide - spread [[ guerrilla ]] campaign , and the germans answered by punishing the civil population . this led to great losses for yugoslavia , approximately one million people ( the [[ demography | demographic ]] loss was 1 , 700 , 000 people or 10 % of the population ) . in liberated territories , nla organized [[ people ' s committee ]] s to act as civilian government . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] was convened in [[ bihac | biha & # 263 ; ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] in [[ jajce ]] and established the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating [[ belgrade , yugoslavia | belgrade ]] . during the war the [[ communism | communist ]] lead the [[ partisans ]] that were opposing the occupation and were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , but also denied supremacy of the old [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] government . westerner attempts to reunite partisans and emigration loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - subasic agreement ]] in june [[ 1944 ]] , however tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = second yugoslavia = = on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution ]] of [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] , modeling the [[ soviet union ]] , established six constituent republics : * [[ bosnia - herzegovina ]] , * [[ croatia ]] , * [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] , * [[ montenegro ]] , * [[ serbia ]] and * [[ slovenia ]] . the country distanced itself from the soviets in [[ 1948 ]] ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro ]] ) and started to build its own way to [[ socialism ]] under strong political leadership of [[ josip broz tito ]] . the country criticized both eastern and western block and together with other countries started the [[ non - aligned movement ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official policy of the country until it dissolved . on [[ april 7 ]] , [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . in sfry , each republic had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was a collective presidency , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful person in the country , and after him there were republic premiers and presidents , plus communist party presidents . there were also people that were secretaries of sectors invented ad hoc by tito for people he favored . people whom he did not favor varied greatly . slobodan penezi & # 263 ; kr & # 269 ; un served under tito and then after he started to complain about his politics , he was found killed under unknown circumstances . aleksandar rankovi & # 263 ; lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier , such as in the case of [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in [[ 1974 ]] that gave more rights to the individual republics . according to this constitution , individual republics had a right for self - determination , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in [[ 1980 ]] , ethnic tension grew in yugoslavia . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milosevic | slobodan milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating all the other ethnic groups in the federation . the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] published a memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which turned out to be an ethnic conflict between the albanian majority and the serbian minority in the province . milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ' s people organized the abolition of the autonomous provinces of [[ vojvodina ]] and kosovo , though peculiarly enough both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . in january [[ 1990 ]] , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the delegation of serbia led by milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to introduce a policy of " one person , one vote " , which would empower the majority population , the serbs . this caused the slovenian and croatian delegations ( led by [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ ivica racan | ivica ra & # 269 ; an ]] , resp . ) , which instead favored more economic liberalization ( such as [[ perestroika ]] ) , to leave the congress in protest , and marked a culmination in the rift of the ruling party . following the [[ fall of communism ]] in [[ eastern europe ]] and in yugoslavia , each of the republics elected a new government democratically , but the unresolved issues remained . in particular , slovenia and croatia elected governments oriented towards independence ( under [[ milan kucan | milan ku & # 269 ; an ]] and [[ franjo tudjman | franjo tu & # 273 ; man ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected unionists . in march [[ 1990 ]] , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslavenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces ) in an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the representatives of serbia , montenegro , kosovo and metohia and vojvodina voted for the decision , while croatia ( [[ stjepan mesic | stipe mesi & # 263 ; ]] ) , slovenia ( [[ janez drnovsek | janez drnov & # 353 ; ek ]] ) , macedonia ( [[ vasil tupurkovski ]] ) and bosnia ( [[ bogic bogicevic | bogi & # 263 ; bogi & # 263 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] ) voted against . the tie somewhat delayed escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , republics of slovenia and croatia proposed to transform yugoslavia into loose confederation of six republics in autumn 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milosevic ]] rejected all such proposals with an argument that all serbs should live in the [[ greater serbia | same country ]] . slovenia and croatia declared independence from yugoslavia in [[ 1991 ]] ; macedonia followed in [[ 1992 ]] together with bosnia - herzegovina , albeit only two out of three constitutive peoples , bosniaks and croats . secession of the new - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody and gruesome [[ yugoslav wars ]] . it started with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in [[ 1991 ]] and in bosnia in [[ 1992 ]] . as a result of the conflict , the [[ united nations security council ]] unanimously adopted [[ un security council resolution 721 ]] on [[ november 27 ]] , 1991 , which paved the way to the establishment of [[ peacekeeping ]] operations in yugoslavia . [ http : / / www . nato . int / ifor / un / u911127a . htm ] = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia officially ceased to exist on [[ april 28 ]] , 1992 , when the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed . other dates that are frequently considered as the end of sfry are [[ june 25 ]] , 1991 , when slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , 1991 , when the [[ moratorium ]] on slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed entry at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by representatives of all republics , was ended and [[ january 15 ]] , 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in [[ 1995 ]] with [[ u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . after some years of peace , in [[ 1998 ]] , [[ uck ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than two months ( see [[ kosovo war ]] ) . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties continue to recognise it as a part of serbia . milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september [[ 2000 ]] led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , reformed [[ nationalist ]] [[ vojislav kostunica | vojislav ko & # 353 ; tunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on [[ october 6 ]] . on [[ april 1 ]] , [[ 2001 ]] , milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; was arrested on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on [[ june 28 ]] he was extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and kosovo and metohia began at [[ the hague ]] on [[ february 12 ]] , [[ 2002 ]] . on [[ april 11 ]] , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia ceased to exist . = = further reading = = * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 . * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 . * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 . * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 . * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 - 101 . ej 430 520 . * jelavich , barbara : ' ' history of yugoslavia ]] = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the former parts of yugoslavia are : * [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] * [[
10 [[ enlargement of the european union ]] = = miscellaneous = = [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] is discovered by [[ milorad b . protitch ]] and named after first yugoslavia . [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]]
8718538 4 western and central europe . the german response was to punish the civil population by carrying out reprisal killings and by giving a free hand to the quisling forces of the government [[ independent state of croatia , leading to great civilain loss of life , principally but not exclusively among the serbs of bosnia and croatia , whose populations provided the bulk of partisan formations
14 lead the [[ partisans ]] that were opposing the occupation and were ' ' de facto ' ' rulers on the liberated territories , but also denied supremacy of the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] government . westerner attempts to reunite partisans and emigration loyal to the king led to the [[ tito - subasic agreement ]] in june [[ 1944
8771250 0 armistice with germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the [[ axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right
1 germany at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german wehrmacht . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[
8778717 1 kingdom . = = first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : coashs . jpg | framed | right | coat of arms of peter i karadjordjevi & # 263 ; , the kingdom of yugoslavia ]] the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918
2 yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : coashs . jpg | framed | right | coat of arms of the kingdom first king of yugoslavia ]] the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in [[ 1918 ]] ,
9383013 0 353 ; evi & # 263 ; ]] in january [[ 1990 ]] , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . the serbian delegation of serbia led by milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; insisted on the reversal of 1974 constitution policy that empowered the republics and rather wanted to
9 & # 263 ; ]] ) voted against . the tie somewhat delayed escalation of conflicts , but not for long . following the first multi - party election results , the republics of slovenia and croatia proposed to transform yugoslavia into loose confederation of six republics in autumn 1990 , however [[ slobodan milosevic | milo & # 353 ; evi &
9705862 0 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . [[ image : balkans02 . jpg | thumb | right | former yugoslavia map ]] in sfry , each republic had its own constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was a collective presidency
10657234 0 , up to secession , which made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in [[ 1980 ]] , ethnic tension tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in the 1980s that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted
10662657 4 crown prince [[ petar ii karadjordjevic | peter ]] as the new king . apparently this defiance infuriated [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] , so the axis decided to attack both yugoslavia and greece on [[ april 6 ]] . ( as a result , hitler had to delay the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] by four weeks , which proved
11161056 0 twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools & # 8217 ; crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt
11313158 0 & # 12468 ; & # 12473 ; & # 12521 ; & # 12499 ; & # 12450 ; ]] [[ pl : jugos & # 322 ; awia ]] [[ ru : & # 1070 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1103 ; ]] [[ sk : juhoslávia ]] [[ sl : jugoslavija ]] [[ sr : & # 1032 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & #
12142265 0 : / / www . vojska . net vojska . net - covering wars in former yugoslavia ] [[ category : yugoslavia | * ]] [[ category : former countries ]] [[ ar : & # 1610 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1594 ; & # 1608 ; & # 1587 ; & # 1604 ; & # 1575 ; & # 1601 ; & # 1610 ; & # 1575 ; ]] [[ da : jugoslavien ]] [[ de : jugoslawien ]] [[ et : jugoslaavia ]] [[ fr : yougoslavie ]] [[ ko : & # 50976 ; & # 44256 ;
12429233 1 reorganize the regional divisions within the country and renamed it the ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' . all national identities except " yugoslav " were abolished . vardar macedonia was declared the region of [[ vardar banovina ]] , its ethnic bulgarian majority received a new " south serb " identity . yugoslavia became a highly [[ militarism | militarized ]] state , which spawned several insurgent nationalist groups opposed to the royal dictatorship . the king was highly unpopular , particularly among
12432682 3 reorganize the regional divisions within the country and renamed it the ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' . all national identities except " yugoslav " were abolished . vardar macedonia was declared the region of [[ vardar banovina ]] , its ethnic bulgarian majority received a new " south serb " identity . yugoslavia became a highly [[ militarism | militarized ]] state , which spawned several insurgent nationalist groups opposed to the royal dictatorship . the king was highly unpopular , particularly among
12765421 0 = the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : prfli . jpg | thumb | 200px | [[ josip broz tito | marshal tito led yugoslavia from the end of world war ii until his death in 1980 . ]] on [[ january 31 ]] , [[ 1946 ]] the new [[ constitution
13197885 1 . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . after some years of peace , in [[ 1998 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than
4 some years of peace , in [[ 1998 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] , nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than two months ( see [[ kosovo war ]] ) . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping
6 the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . in [[ 1999 ]] nato bombed serbia and montenegro for more than two months ( , until the milo & # 353 ; evi & # 263 ; government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ kosovo war ]] ) . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and [[ russia ]] , although all parties
13672323 5 highly unpopular , particularly among non - serbs , and while on a visit to [[ marseille ]] , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by the ethnic [[ bulgarian ]] vlado chernozemski acting on behalf of [[ vmro ]] . king alexander ' s son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] , was a child , so power fell into the
18429030 0 federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed . other dates that are frequently considered as the end of sfry are [[ june 25 ]] , 1991 , when croatia and slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , 1991 , when the [[ moratorium ]] on slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni (
22506688 7 of sfry are [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ * moratorium ]] on slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed entry at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by representatives of all republics
10 sfry are [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when croatia and slovenia declared independence , [[ october 9 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , when the [[ moratorium ]] on slovenian and croatian secession , agreed on [[ july 9 ]] at brioni ( see detailed entry at [[ brioni agreement ]] ) by representatives of all republics , was
22785116 35 twentieth century ' ' , volume 2 . new york : american council of learned societies , 1983 . ed 236 094 . * johnstone , diana : ' ' fools & # 8217 ; crusade : yugoslavia , nato , and western delusions ' ' . monthly review press , 2002 . * owen , david : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' . harcourt
22950722 0 of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the far - right militia [[ ustaše ]] . [[ nazi germany | german ]] troops occupied bosnia - herzegovina as well as part of [[ serbia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] , while other parts of the country were occupied by [[ albania ]] , [[ bulgaria ]] , [[ hungary ]] and
23004621 3 and croats resulted in a yes vote in the referendum , and the republic ' s government declared its independence though everyone advocated that such decision had be made with the consent of all the three nations . serbs immediately formed [[ republika srpska ]] , and the war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter , as the votes of serbs were ignored . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in
25682758 0 the [[ axis powers ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic federal federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' ' and in [[
25770344 0 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] and [[ josip broz tito | tito ]] was named [[ president for life ]] . [[ image : balkans02 . jpg | thumb | right | former yugoslavia map ]] in sfry , each republic and province had its own internal constitution , supreme court , parliament , president and prime minister . at the top of the yugoslav government was
27905442 0 % of the population . the principle slavs , mainly serbs , were fast reducing in size and would by 1999 be as little as 10 % of the two million kosovars population . serbian [[ communist ]] leader [[ slobodan milošević ]] , the new strong man of yugoslavia , tried to play on the revived serb nationalism , but ended up alienating
30912745 0 , [[ france ]] in [[ 1934 ]] , he was assassinated by [[ imro | bulgarian nationalist and imro activist ]] velichko kerin ( more popular with his revolutionary pseudonym [[ vlado chernozemski ) . his son and successor , [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] ( petar ii ) , was a child , so power fell into
31961080 45 independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march [[ 1990 ]] , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from
53 | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in [[ 1996 ]] , the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the situation worsened , with the yugoslav reaction causing many ethnic - albanians
54 their homes , to the point that there was widespread violence and emigration . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of [[ 1999 ]] , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until the milošević government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo .
63 * [[ slovenia ]] the first former yugoslav republic that joined the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]] and became a member in [[ 2004 ]] . croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - [[
67 slovenia which applied in [[ 1996 ]] and became a member in [[ 2004 ]] . croatia applied for membership in [[ 2003 ]] , and could join before [[ 2010 ]] . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 - [[ 2015 ]] . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn '
33738425 9 krcun served under tito as chief of secret police in serbia and then after he started to complain about tito ' s politics , he was victim of a dubious traffic incidnt incident . aleksandar ranković lost all of his titles and rights after a major disagreement with tito regarding state politics . sometimes ministers in government were more important than the premier ,
28 place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the month [[ moratorium ]] on their independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in 1991 . in september 1991 , the republic of
30 the decision in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics . secession of the newly - formed states marked the beginning of the bloody [[ 1991 ]] . ethnic serbs , who had created a serb break - away state in heavily serb - populated regions , with the aid of the yugoslav wars ]] . these began with a short war in slovenia and continued with a war in croatia in 1991 . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also
33824642 0 completed its pull - out of slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody war broke out in the autumn of [[ 1991 ]] . ethnic serbs , who had created a serb break - away state the [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions , with the aid of the yugoslav army , fought the forces of the republic of croatia . in september 1991 , the republic of
1 army , fought the forces of the republic of croatia . in september 1991 , the republic of macedonia also declared independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistence resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic
3 un / u911127a . htm ] bosnia and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early 1992 . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of serb militias newly created [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro - independence sentiment among bosnians muslims and croats resulted in a yes vote
33836329 0 and herzegovina held a referendum on independence in early 1992 , which was illegal under bosnian constitution . large areas of the republic was at this time under the control of the newly created [[ republika srpska | republika srpska of bosnia and herzegovina ]] supported by the yugoslav army . in these areas , the independence referendum was boycotted . heavy pro
34035074 8 whether the majority was large enough . the republic ' s government declared its independence however , and the serbs immediately declared the independence of republika srpska , and the war | war in bosnia followed shortly thereafter . the so - called badinter commission formed by the [[ european community ]] declared in early 1992 that the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia had
11 | u . s . ]] - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , with the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . starting in 1996 , throughout the 1990s the leadership of the albanian organization [[ kosovo liberation army ]] started terrorist actions in the southern serbian province . the yugoslav reaction resulted in a large number of civilian deaths , and caused
34136474 1 [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . frustrated by the lack of success of these policies , radical albanians formed in 1996 the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] , which , starting in 1996 , carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . serbian authorities denounced it as a [[ terrorism
8 independence for the province . frustrated by the lack of success of these policies , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] , which , starting in 1996 , carried out armed actions in the southern serbian province . serbian authorities denounced it as a [[ terrorism | terrorist ]] organisation , and its indiscriminate tactics also led the [[ u . s . state department ]]
34241920 0 [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 frustrated by the lack of success of these policies , radical albanians formed the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] was formed , deemed terrorist by , among others , serbian and [[ usa ]] authorities . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of
3 pursuing tactics of non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] was formed , deemed terrorist by , among others carried out armed actions in the southern , serbian and [[ usa ]] authorities . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes
4 non - violent resistence in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] was formed , deemed terrorist by , among others , province serbian and [[ usa ]] authorities . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes .
7 achieve independence for the province . in 1996 the [[ kosovo liberation army ]] was formed , deemed terrorist by , among others , serbian and [[ usa ]] authorities . its indiscriminate tactics also led the u . s . state department to add it to its list of terrorist organisations . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and
36976739 0 {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] - ' ' bosnia - a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = further reading = = * misha glenny : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war , [[ misha glenny ]] isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = external links = = * [ http
37621791 0 were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press . * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution
39341750 1 independence becoming the only former republic to gain sovereignty without resistance from the belgrade based yugoslav authorities . 500 u . s soldiers were then deployed under the u . n . banner to monitor macedonia ' s northern borders with the republic of serbia , yugoslavia . macedonia ' s first president , [[ kiro gligorov ]] , maintained good relations with
2 was satisfied {{ fact }} . the republic ' s government declared its independence on [[ 5 april ]] , and since that decision was made without the consent of all tree three nations living in bosnia ( the votes of serbs were igored , though such decision should be supported by all bosinan nations ) , the serbs immediately declared the independence of
42217788 21 the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , joined [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] to form " the [[ kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ]] " . in the chaotic conditions that followed the
44309697 9 }} - [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] {{ note | malcolm }} [[ noel malcolm ]] - ' ' bosnia - a short history ' ' ( macmillan , 1994 ) = = external links = = * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com
44361382 4 formed after tito ' s death in 1980 ) , the federal prime minister , and the federal parliament . an important role was one of the president of the [[ communist party | communist party of yugoslavia ]] for each republic and province , and the president of presidency of central committee of the communist party . josip broz tito was the most powerful
47183239 6 tkl ? q = yugoslavia & search _ crit = subject & search = search & date1 = anytime & date2 = anytime & type = form congressional research service ( crs utc ) reports regarding yugoslavia ] [[ category : yugoslavia | ]] [[ category : former countries in europe ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ bs : jugoslavija ]] [[ cs
47573092 0 reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of vojvodina motherfucker rob foster and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the
47573112 1 reduced borders , the people of the following two regions were granted limited autonomous rights : * [[ vojvodina ]] * [[ kosovo ]] in 1974 , the two provinces of motherfucker rob foster vojvodina and kosovo as well as the republics of bosnia & herzegovina and montenegro were granted greater autonomy to the point that albanian and hungarian became nationally recognised minority languages and the
49148733 2 and in [[ april 7 ]] republics - [[ slovenia | s . r . slovenia ]] , [[ croatia | s . r . croatia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | s yugoslavia ]] . r . macedonia ]] and [[ bosnia and herzegovina | s . r . bosnia and herzegovina ]] - had seceded . * the third was called ' ' '
49267272 1 made later break - up easier . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests between the republics had become irreconciable . not a single important decision that might have eased the situation could be taken . the constitutional crisis that inevitably followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . economic crisis at the time only made everything harder . as a result , serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in 1986 that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of
4 tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . some members of the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum in 1986 that opposed the policy of the federation and promoted its hands were tied , for the republican government could not take nor carry out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had a vote in the federal presidency council , they even entered into coalition with other republics , thus outvoting serbia . serbia ' s political impotence made it possible for others to exert pressure on 2 milion serbs ( 25 % of total serbian nationalism in response to the perceived weak position of serbia in the federation . the [[ albanians | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes which dovetailed
11 [[ vojvodina ]] and of [[ kosovo | kosovo and metohija ]] was reduced , though both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . as a result , [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , milošević in effect now controlled three of the eight votes in the presidency . [[ image : smilo . jpg | frame | left | [[ slobodan milošević ]] ]]
22 led by [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ ivica račan ]] , respectively ) , favored democratisation and economic liberalization , but were voted down . as a result , the slovene slovenian , and croatian delegations left the congress , and the all - yugoslav communist party was dissolved . following the fall of the soviet union in the rest of [[ eastern europe
26 towards independence ( under [[ milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in split ( croatia ) , a young yugoslav conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( jugoslavenska narodna armija , jna ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia ( an eight member council composed of representatives from
49299968 6 this by shooting at young conscripts . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , a ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense forces and the yugoslav army pulled out of slovenia . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and croatia to
8 speifically ordered the army only to take control of the internationally recognized borders . given the enormous strength of the army , the task was carried out within 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defense took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . there was no political consensus within the federal
49801930 6 [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . the yugoslav army first succeded in taking over most of the border posts , but they were subsequently re - taken by slovene territorial defense took advantage of this by the slovenian forces . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , a ceasefire
8 was the start of the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . the yugoslav army first succeded in taking over most of the border posts , but they were subsequently re - taken by the slovenian forces . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , a ceasefire
50486261 9 ten - day war ]] in slovenia . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days , a and 76 victims the so called [[ ten - day war ]] for slovenia was over and jla army was forced back in the barracks . ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense forces and the yugoslav army was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the
50645687 2 based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , aswell as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so called [[ ten - day war ]] for slovenia was over and jla army was forced back in the barracks . the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense forces and the yugoslav army was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the
50655154 3 the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known as the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so called [[ ten - day war ]] for slovenia was over and jla army was forced back in the barracks . ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense forces and the yugoslav army was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the
50729005 1 based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , aswell as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so called [[ ten - day war ]] for slovenia was over and jla army was forced back in the barracks . the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense forces and the yugoslav army was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the
51123816 1 transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . = = origins = = probably the first " official " mention early period of the term yugoslav shaize ( as opposed to simply [[ slavic peoples | south slav ]] ) was the forming of the group of advocates of a joint country of
12 to come out of the [[ anomie ]] caused by the [[ world war i | great war ]] . even the large [[ diaspora ]] s , known for their [[ nostalgia ]] and [[ patriotism ]] , started supporting the new idea headquarters . the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]]
16 = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when and the downfall of austria - hungary disintegrated , and the south slavs organized into the [[ state of slovenes , croats and serbs ]] . this short - lived state soon , on [[
37 ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] th , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and the aforementioned politicians were its members . the committee and the kingdom of serbia subsequently signed the [[ corfu declaration ]] on [[ july 20 ]] , [[ 1917 ]] that declared their desire to form a new joint kingdom . = = the first yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' the goals of the yugoslav committee were partly reached by the end of the [[ world war i | first world war ]] in 1918 , when austria - hungary disintegrated , and
51240913 3 the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this and other events are known as the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so called [[ ten - day war ]] for slovenia was over and jla army was forced back in the barracks . ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense forces and the yugoslav army was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the
51593056 1 based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . army however had no logistic support for a long term warfare , aswell as there was no political consensus within the federal executive council to which extent the army was to be used . after ten days and 76 victims the so called [[ ten - day war ]] for slovenia was over and jla army was forced back in the barracks . the so - called [[ ten - day war ]] in slovenia . ceasefire between the slovenian territorial defense forces and the yugoslav army was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the
51598172 0 , so a new [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . = = = ethnic tensions and economic crisis = = = the post = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - standing serbo - croat disputes , which
1 to the individual republics and provinces . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - world war two yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - standing serbo - croat disputes , which had been suppressed under tito , no one knew what the future had in store . legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the
11 followed played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . economic crisis at the time only made everything harder . as a the collapse of yugoslavia was the result , serbian academy of sciences and arts drafted a memorandum addressing these issues . it said unless timely steps were taken , these matters would prove catastrophic for entire country
12 played in favour of slovenia and croatia and their strongly expressed demands for looser ties within federation . economic crisis at the time only made everything harder . as a result of both internal and external factors . assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in 1990 - 1991 is a complex matter . but without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration of yugoslavia . the fundamental cause of the yugoslav collapse was an economic crisis . this was then used by social groups in yugoslavia and in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . some european governments actually had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of east central europe at that time . their pressure thus combined with the general western drive for capitalism to speed the break - up during 1989 - 90 . on one side were a number of european states eager to gain independence for slovenia and croatia ; on the other side was the united states , eager to ensure that yugoslavia paid its debts to western banks and ' globalised ' its political economy through shock therapy in order to ensure a regime in the country open for the western multinationals . the forces eager to see the break - up of yugoslavia through independence for slovenia and croatia were the vatican , austria , hungary , germany and , more ambivalently , italy . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican and austria had started an active campaign in east central and eastern europe to rebuild their influence there and by 1989 - 90 the vatican was openly championing independence for slovenia and croatia . the real goal of austrian policy was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion " . in the summer of 1991 the ec was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued its energetic efforts to break up yugoslavia it would be excluded from eventual ec membership but even that threat did not stop austrian efforts . the hungarian government of jozef antall , elected in the spring of 1990 , adopted a policy very much in line with that of austria , but with additional hungarian goals vis a vis serbia ' s vojvodina province . these manoeuvres by austria and hungary to break up yugoslavia were , of course , then overshadowed by the german government ' s drive to derecognise yugoslavia through giving recognition to slovenia and croatia . the german government ' s open championing of yugoslavia ' s break - up did not occur until the late spring of 1991 , but long before that both slovenia and croatia were getting encouragement from bonn for their efforts . there was thus a focused and co - ordinated coalition involving austria , germany , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not , of course , supported by the united states . it championed yugoslav unity as did britain and france . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its concern to ensure the imposition of shock therapy on the country as a whole via the imf . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav , structural flaws which helped to generate the collapse . many would argue that the decentralised market socialism was a disastrous experiment for a state in yugoslavia ' s geopolitical situation . the 1974 constitution , though better for the kosovar albanians , gave too much to the republics , crippling the institutional and material power of the federal government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party became increasingly paralysed and thrown into crisis . in 1990 - 1991 , then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . during 1980s , serbian academy of sciences and arts drafted a memorandum addressing these issues . it said unless timely steps were taken , these matters would prove catastrophic for entire country .
15 to the individual republics and provinces . = = = breakup = = = after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia . considering long - standing serbo - croat disputes , which had been suppressed under tito , no one knew what the future had in store . legacy of constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision
53085765 4 croatian peasant party prepared a draft constitution for a neutral peasant republic of croatia . anyway constitution was voted on 28 june 1921 with the help of some minor parties including the yugoslav muslim organization . shortly after the constitution was passed , old king peter died . he was succeeded by prince alexander . croats , as well as alabanians , who
53491103 1 internationally recognized borders . [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , carried out the task within next 48 hours . however , under orders , due to the misinformation given to the the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage
7 48 hours . however , under orders , the yugoslav army did not carry live ammunition and the slovene territorial defence took advantage of this by shooting at young conscripts . them , which was later proven a farce , since all three soldiers are still alive recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in
55551683 1 when the state would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of may 22 ]] , 2006 montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . = = origins = = during the early period of the world war one
56280371 1 s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to the misinformation given to the the yugoslav army conscripts , and the fact that the majority of them did not wish to engage in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces
56642958 1 would transform into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of [[ 22 may ]] , [[ 2006 montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . = = ' ' ' background ' ' ' = = during the early period
9 the karadjordjević dynasty . as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and serbs took power in zagreb on 6 october 1918 . on 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new state of the slovenes , croats and serbs . the yugoslav committee was given the task
56714534 5 [[ 1941 ]] . * the second was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) ' '
56779575 2 a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . as of [[ may 22 ]] [[ 2006 ]] [[ montenegro has voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = ' '
56779647 1 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . * on [[ may 22 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] [[ montenegro ]] voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state ; . montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , effectively dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] . _ _
57059880 4 which finally happened on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] . * on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] voted to separate from the state union of serbia and establish itself as an independent state . montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , effectively dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro
7 voted to separate from serbia and establish itself as an independent state . montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , effectively dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic vestiges of yugoslavia ]] . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = during the early period of the world war one (
57320182 1 the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remains in place in belgrade
2 ]] . by order of yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remains remained in place in belgrade but now assumes only ceremonial powers . the local governments of serbia and of montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were
4 , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remains in place in belgrade but now assumes only ceremonial powers . the local individual governments of serbia and of montenegro now conduct their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs have been established along the traditional border crossings
10 . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , 86 percent of eligible montenegran voters turned out for a special referrundum on the independence of the montenagran republic from federal the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 4 % for independence , recognized as above the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] for formal recognition of
14 independence of montenegro . on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic last vestige of yugoslavia ]] . = = further reading = = * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books .
57711746 0 government . tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 , after which the state and communist party became increasingly paralysed and thrown into crisis . in 1990 - 1991 , then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . the problem here was that the constitutional arrangements , furnishing rights to yugoslavia ' s republican territories and its nations and peoples , were arrangements that were premised upon yugoslavia remaining an integrated state . there were two cardinal structural issues here . the first was a division of the country into republics in such a way that the non - serb nations would not fear that yugoslavia would become a serb - dominated state . to achieve this , as branka magas explains , required " winning serbian acceptance of the new constitutional order which was to divide - more in form than in fact - the serb nation inside post - revolutionary yugoslavia . " thus large parts of the serb population were placed within other republican territories or within autonomous provinces which enjoyed greater autonomy than , say , the basque country in today ' s spain . the serbs were thus split up between serbia proper , croatia , bosnia , vojvodina and kosovo . this was , indeed , a question " more in form than in fact " within an integrated yugoslavia , but it became , of course , a division more of fact than of form in the context or yugoslavia ' s break - up . but yugoslavia ' s constitutional principles did provide a key to its resolution , for the constitution gave rights of equal force to both nations and republics . thus , under these criteria , the serb nationals in , say , croatia , were the subjects of national rights which could not be overridden by the will of the croatian republic . = = = breakup = = = {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify - date | june 2006 }} after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions grew
59137642 4 not only in yugoslavia as a whole but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to rally the population for yugoslavism against the particularist nationalisms of milosevic milosević in serbia or tudjman in croatia and he should have been able to count on the obedience of the armed forces . he was supported by 83 % of the population
6 by 79 % in yugoslavia as a whole . this level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . but markovic marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf shock therapy programme and ec conditionality and it was this which gave the separatists in the north west and the nationalists in serbia their
8 electorates involved offering to repudiate the markovic - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosevic milosević in serbia was to the fact that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . and these appeals worked . in every republic , beginning with slovenia
10 ' s clothes * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milosevic milosević ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www .
59138305 0 ' s clothes * [ http : / / www . hirhome . com / yugo / milospeech . htm " how politicians , the media , and scholars lied about milosević milošević ' s 1989 kosovo speech " ] ' ' [[ historical and investigative research ]] ' ' 2005 francisco gil - white . * [ http : / / www .
59416001 0 by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = ' ' main article : ' ' [[ civil yugoslavia during world war in yugoslavia ( 1941 - 1945 ) ]] at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy
59432184 0 the [[ european union ]] was slovenia which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . republic of macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally isn ' t expected before
59585628 0 in zagreb on [[ 6 october ]] [[ 1918 ]] . on [[ 29 october ]] , the croatian sabor or parliament declared independence and vested its sovereignty in the new [[ state of the slovenes , croats and serbs . the yugoslav committee was given the task of representing the new state abroad . however quarrels broke out immediately about the terms
59612233 4 ]] ( sfry ) ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as the ' ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) . # the ' ' '
59716900 0 , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with albania . in 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in
60150694 1 atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was an critical turning point in the yugoslav tragedy . marković in the spring of 1990 was by far the most popular politician , not only in yugoslavia as a whole but in each of its constituent republics . he should have been able to rally the population for yugoslavism against the particularist nationalisms of
12 hard to break up the country . but the us government as a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic dynamics towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up
17 shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states which did have a strategic interest interests in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it would be wrong , of course , to suggest that there were no other , specifically yugoslav ,
26 break up the country . but the us government as a whole opted for the priority of the shock therapy programme over yugoslav cohesion . thus was the internal dynamic towards the yugoslav collapse into civil war decisively accelerated . the only european states which did have a strategic interest in the yugoslav theatre tended to want to break it up . it
63135279 8 state transformed into a loose commonwealth called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . on [[ may 21 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , [[ montenegro ]] voted to separate from the state union of serbia and montenegro and establish itself as an independent state . republic , montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on june 5 , thereby ending the last vestiges of the former
11 an independent state . montenegro officially declared its independence on [[ june 3 ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on june 5 , thereby ending the last vestiges remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = during the early period of the world war
63135388 5 ) ' ' ' was a [[ socialist state ]] established immediately after [[ world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1945 ]] as the ' ' ' democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' ' , which in [[ 1946 ]] became the ' ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry )
63136659 1 fled to london where they began work on forming yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and
63138218 3 real concern . in 1915 , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret treaty of london , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . although in 1915 the serbian assembly had pledged itself
63327901 4 kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes ( first yugoslavia ) = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} with the end of world war i and the downfall of [[ austria - hungary and the ottoman empire , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s
15 . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . the [[ croatian peasants ' party ( hss ) slowly grew to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920
22 ) slowly grew to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory for the two main [[ serbian parties . communists came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in response , the croatian peasant
38 schools and universities . unlike the croats , the slovenes in the austro - hungarian empire had no historic claim to statehood , so there was no sense of loss to [[ belgrade . during the 1920s , serbo - croat wrangle continued and on 20 june 1928 , after months of rows and even fist - fights in parliament , puniša račić
52 račić , a montenegrin serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others , including stjepan radić , who eventually died . following this , [[ alexander i of yugoslavia | king aleksandar i banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however
56 executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : in [[ italy and germany , fascists and nazis rose to power , and stalin became the absolute ruler in the soviet union . none of these three states favoured the policy pursued
70 ' s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles by a macedonian with the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii and a regency council
71 s dictatorship was to further alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles ]] by a macedonian with the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii and a regency council headed
72 was to further alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a [[ macedonians | macedonian with the cooperation of the ustashi - a croatian separatist organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii and a regency council headed by his
74 - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in marseilles by a macedonian with the cooperation of the ustashi - [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old son peter ii and a regency council headed by his cousin prince paul . the international political scene
101 the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million ( 38 . 8 percent ) were serbs and 2 . 8 million ( 23 . 7 percent ) were croats . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . the
63330276 3 proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = ' ' main article : ' ' [[ yugoslavia during world war ii }} yugoslavia during world war ii ]] at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]]
51 operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = ' ' main article : ' ' [[ yugoslavia during world war ii ]] at 05 : 15 on [[ april 6 ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[ italy | italian ]]
63517403 21 were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 - 71 , when students in [[ zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party
27 constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . = = = ethnic tensions and economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war two yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war
28 ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics and provinces . = = = ethnic tensions and economic crisis = = = the post - world war two ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had
29 many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ruling class ; and a war - time slaughter in which the nazis made use of the earlier serbian oppression to use croatian fascism for barbarous slaughter and also exploited
48 the yugoslav government then accepted the imf ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class . simultaneously , strong social groups emerged within the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | yugoslav communist party , allied to western business , banking and state interests and began pushing towards neoliberalism , to the delight of the us . it was the reagan administration
60 the population had always been weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with [[ albania . in 1989 jeffrey sachs was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then
64 and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for kosovo , as well as unification with albania . in 1989 jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under [[ ante marković ]] prepare the imf / world bank shock therapy package , which was then introduced in 1990 just at the
94 electorates involved offering to repudiate the marković - imf austerity and by doing so help their republics prepare to leave yugoslavia altogether and ' join europe ' . the appeal of milosević milošević in serbia was based around the idea that the west was acting against the serbian people ' s interests . these nationalist appeals were ultimately successful : in every republic ,
63521475 3 crisis . = = = breakup = = = {{ npov - section }} {{ wikify - date | june 2006 }} after tito ' s death in 1980 , ethnic tensions group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the constitution of 1974 threw the system of decision - making into a state of paralysis , all the more hopeless as the conflict
36 1989 - 90 the vatican was openly championing independence for slovenia and croatia . the real goal of austrian policy was to expand austria ' s regional influence since it " ' ' saw the yugoslav crisis as an auspicious moment for self - assertion " . in the summer of 1991 the ec was finally prompted to warn austria that if it continued
65 was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . during 1980s , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of serbs as the most numerous people in yugoslavia . although the largest yugoslav republic in
74 - albanians in the province . at 90 % of the population of kosovo in the 1980 ' s , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by 1999 they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under
78 widespread demonstrations demanding kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the federal army ]] was ordered by yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the
79 kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the federal army was ordered by the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the most time ,
88 milan kučan ]] and [[ franjo tuđman ]] , respectively ) , while serbia and montenegro elected candidates who favoured yugoslav unity . in croatia there was growing advocacy of " ' ' croatian state and historical rights " , the serbs were stripped of their national and constitutional rights , thus becoming demoted from a constituent nation of croatia to national minority .
97 the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as republic of serbian krajina ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a video of secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin
102 illegal importation of arms , mainly from hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a video of a secret meeting between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods
103 of arms , mainly from hungary , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( kos , kontra - obavjestajna sluzba ) showed a video of secret meeting ]] between croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing
105 gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ( croatia ) , a young yugoslav conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the
106 instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in split ]] ( croatia ) , a young yugoslav conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[
107 as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in split ( croatia ) , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav conscript was strangled on the tank by croatian mob . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]]
125 , it was becoming more and more involved in state politics . on [[ june 25 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down yugoslav and raising slovenian flag .
127 became the first republics to declare independence from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian territorial defence ( paramilitary force ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav and raising slovenian flag . following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders
131 and raising slovenian flag . following day ( [[ june 26 ]] ) , the federal executive council speifically ordered the army to take control of the internationally recognized borders . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within next 48 hours . however , due to
135 the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . recently the austrian orf tv station showed footage ]] of several young yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the
64174882 0 , hungary and the vatican all pushing for the same goal : yugoslavia ' s break up . this campaign was not , of course , supported by the united states . it , which championed yugoslav unity as did [[ britain ]] and [[ france ]] . but for the us unity was not the main thing : its policy was principally governed by its
64572469 0 vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 year old [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | king peter ]] full powers . = = = the begining beginning of wwii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on [[ april 6th ]] 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of
65358177 0 barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = = = = the [[ invasion of yugoslavia = = = at 5 : 15 a . m . on [[ april 6th ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] , [[
66706309 0 white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence , before gunfire was heard and the troops were seen falling down . this was the first known war crime however , none were killed in the yugoslav wars . ceasefire was agreed on . in the [[ brioni agreement ]] , agreed upon by representatives of all republics , the international community pressured slovenia and
68205631 1 . in [[ 1915 ]] , the allies had lured the italians into the war with promise of substantial territorial gains in exchange . according to the secret treaty of london pact ]] , these included istria and large parts of dalmatia , where relatively small numbers of italians lived compared to the surrounding slavs . [[ image : landsforserbia . png | thumb
71228578 0 a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in [[ november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main [[ serbian ]] parties . [[ communism | communists ]] came third and croatian peasant party fourth . the newly formed government was determined to push through a centralist constitution . in
74019205 0 then , yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break - up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course . during 1980s in 1986 , the [[ serbian academy of sciences and arts ]] drafted a memorandum addressing some burning issues concerning position of [[ serbs ]] as the most numerous people in yugoslavia .
74531821 0 {st@rt} {{ unreferencefgdsasdfvsdfadfhg , tryheljg , jefghekghv ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , colin rules ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]]
74543934 0 {st@rt} {{ unreferenced }} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in all [[ south slavic languages ]] , colin rules ' in [[ serbian language | serbian ]] and [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]]
75966431 0 the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the " liberation of yugoslavia = = = the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the
75966532 0 the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in liberating occupying [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former
76003356 0 the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] . the [[ red army ]] aided in occupying liberating [[ belgrade ]] as well as some other territories , but withdrew after the war was over . in [[ may ]] 1945 , nla met with allied forces outside former
1 the basis for post - war organisation of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) . = = = the " liberation " of yugoslavia = = = the nla was able to expel the axis from serbia in [[ 1944 ]] and the rest of yugoslavia in [[ 1945 ]] .
76966761 0 alienate the non - serbs of the idea of unity . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] by a [[ macedonians imro ]] [[ vlado chernozemski | macedonian ]] in the cooperation of the [[ ustaše ]] , a croatian separatist organization that pursued [[ nazi ]] policies . alexander was succeeded by his eleven year old
80313028 18 usa ]] to maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of orchestrated disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav
19 maintain the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of disastrous errors by destructive infiltrated west - financed and supported elements in yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created
31 between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where due to enormous influx of refugees from albania itself , the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for
34 shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . while some international " celebrities " were invited to participate in the process , their role was that of mere observers . the full and indeniable crdits for the ingenious plan , devised by socialist economists , led by [[ ante marković ]] , was then suggested and adopted in a number of other debt - burdened countries , such as argentina , mexico , brasil etc . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme was both unique within the region and of great political
35 = = the economy = = = although rigorously socialist in developing her industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1
80313856 2 . education and healt services became free all the way to doctorate . jugoslavia was the first democratical country in the world , and it was a socialist country at the same time spirit of pluralism . yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 .
3 healt services became free all the way to doctorate . jugoslavia was the first democratical country in the world , and it was a socialist country at the same time . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1
26 the integrity of yugoslavia as a neutral state on the frontiers of the super - power confrontation in europe . the economic crisis was the product of orchestrated disastrous errors by destructive infiltrated west - financed and supported elements in yugoslav governments in the 1970s , who borrowed vast amounts of western capital with an " explanation " that the money is to fund growth through exports . western economies then
28 with an " explanation " that the money is to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . how convenient . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of the crisis onto the yugoslav working class , as
36 between the communist party and the working class . the forms and effects of this varied in different parts of yugoslavia . first in kosovo in [[ 1981 ]] , where due to enormous influx of refugees from albania itself , the links between yugoslav communism and the population had always been the weakest and where the economic crisis was most intense , there was an uprising demanding full republican status for
37 shock therapy ]] " package , which was then introduced in [[ 1990 ]] just at the time when the crucial parliamentary elections were being held in the various republics . while some international " celebrities " were invited to participate in the process , their role was that of mere observers . the full and indeniable crdits for the ingenious plan , devised by socialist economists , led by [[ ante marković ]] , was then suggested and adopted in a number of other debt - burdened countries , such as argentina , mexico , brasil etc . one aspect of yugoslavia ' s " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme was both unique within the region and of great political
80382137 1 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia , bolstered by open support from a number of western countries . notably , the us , england assigning comparative weight to the external as against the internal factors in the generalised crisis that shook yugoslavia in [[ 1990 ]] - [[ 1991 ]] is definitely a very simple matter . without understanding the roles of the western powers in helping to produce and channel the crisis , it is difficult to understand the disintegration of yugoslavia . the fundamental cause of the yugoslav collapse was not an economic crisis . this was barely a pretext used by social groups in yugoslavia and their tutors in the west to undermine the collectivised core of the economy and push yugoslavia towards a " capitalist restoration " which inevitably led to disastrous war and hundreds of thousands of innocent people being murdered in order to save the face of dying and collapsing capitalism . many [[ europe | european ]] governments had their interests and wanted the break - up of yugoslavia , something not true in the case of any other part of [[ eastern europe | east ]] [[ central europe | central ]] [[ europe ]] at that time . , germany , austria , italy ( which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in
14 number of [[ slavs ]] in kosovo ( mainly serbs ) was falling fast and by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the two million population . far cry from the days when it was the other way around , not even hundred years ago . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners {{ fact }} , and initial strikes
15 ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was rightly ordered by the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the
80540551 0 ) . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . playing on ignorance and fear among the masses of poor and uneducated , mainly peasants , the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation .
1 croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a massive large party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in [[ november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main serbian parties
2 opposed the new state right from the start . the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a massive party claiming to endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in [[ november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main serbian parties .
80542773 5 allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise , as it allowed infiltration of western spies and agents , posing as businessmen , into the economic millieu of the country and ignite the corruption , both political and economic . meanwhile , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged
6 a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile however , yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 .
7 amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the federation ' s demise . meanwhile , it was a long and slow process which did allow yugoslavia enjoyed stability and peace . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia ' s [[ gross domestic product ]] averaged 6 . 1
80546176 2 product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession , which was probably hastened to serve the purpose as well - capitalism has to have recessions , in order to rebuild destroyed internal economies as it is impossible to have steady and stable growth like the one socialism creates - blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of
11 and by 79 % in yugoslavia as a whole . this level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . such was his economic genius that he had created a sense of despair among the capitalist countries that were working hard on destruction of jugoslavia but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme and ec conditionality and it was this
80546909 32 ) . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . playing on ignorance and fear among the masses of poor and uneducated , mainly peasants , the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a large party claiming to endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a
33 masses of poor and uneducated , mainly peasants , the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a large party claiming to endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation , in order to grab as much land for future hrvatska ( croatia ) as possible , disregarding the actual mak - up
43 allowed infiltration of western spies and agents , posing as businessmen , into the economic millieu of the country and ignite the corruption , both political and economic . however , it was a long and slow process which did allow yugoslavia to enjoy stability and peace which came with socialist and marxist structure of the society . throughout the [[ 1960s ]] and [[ 1970s ]] , the growth of yugoslavia
54 capitalist governments in the west , concerned with growing success of jugoslav democratic socialism , offered these funds under supposedly " favourable " conditions . western economies then entered recession , which was probably hastened to serve the purpose as well - capitalism has to have recessions , in order to rebuild destroyed internal economies as it is impossible to have steady and stable growth like the one socialism creates - blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden of
61 and by 79 % in yugoslavia as a whole . this level of support showed how much of the yugoslav population remained strongly committed to the state ' s preservation . such was his economic genius that he had created a sense of despair among the capitalist countries that were working hard on destruction of jugoslavia but marković had coupled his yugoslavism with the imf " [[ shock _ therapy _ ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " programme and ec conditionality and it was this
80575633 0 croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become a massive party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in [[ november ]] [[ 1920 ]] brought victory for the two main serbian parties
80807840 0 ]] in [[ 1961 ]] , which remained the official affiliation of the country until it dissolved . = = = the economy = = = although rigorously socialist in developing her its industrial base , yugoslavia allowed a certain amount of capitalist incursions , in the spirit of pluralism . this openness to western investment , however , sowed the seeds of the
82799705 2 was the product of disastrous errors by yugoslav governments in the 1970s , borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered recession one of many false recessions so prevalent in capitalism , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government then accepted the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which shifted the burden
82813167 3 other western capitalist regimes in the 1970s , who encouraged jugoslav governments into borrowing vast amounts of western capital in order to fund growth through exports . western economies then entered one of many false recessions so prevalent in capitalism recession , blocked yugoslav exports and created a huge debt problem . the yugoslav government was then forced to accept the [[ international monetary fund | imf ]] ' s conditionalities which
83667331 6 actions due to german reprisals against the serb civilian population . for every killed soldier , the germans executed 100 civilians , and for each wounded , they killed 50 . following regarding the human cost as too high , the chetniks ' termination of war activities against the germans , reported atrocities against non - serb population and frequent collaboration with italians and ( less frequently ) germans against the nvo
83862003 7 slavs ]] ' ' ( " jug " meaning " south " ) . the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' , also known as the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia | first yugoslavia , was a [[ monarchy | kingdom ]] formed on [[ december 1 ]] , [[ 1918 ]] , which was originally formed as the ' ' kingdom of
17 world war ii ]] in [[ november 29 ]] [[ 1945 ]] as the succesor state to the kingdom of yugoslavia . it existed under various names . proclaimed as the ' ' " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) ' ' in [[ 1943 ]] . it changed its name to the ' ' federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpry
24 1946 ]] . in [[ 1963 ]] it would again change its name to the ' ' ' [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' ( sfry ) and would exist under this name until its death " ( [[ 1963 ]] ) . it disintegrated following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . the declaration of independence and secession by most of the constituent republics of sfry led to the formation of a federation named the '
84299894 2 days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( c . 1943 - ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of the yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) " ( [[ 1943 ]] ) , the " federal people ' s republic
6 yugoslavia . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the should former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first idea
84305972 4 days later . the ' ' ' second yugoslavia ' ' ' ( c . 1943 - ) , a [[ socialism | socialist ]] successor state to the kingdom of the yugoslavia , existed under various names , including the " democratic federation of yugoslavia ( dfy ) " ( [[ 1943 ]] ) , the " federal people ' s republic
8 . " on [[ june 3 ]] and [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro but and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the should former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first idea
85539858 9 | west , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' the * kent , gregory 2005 ' ' framing war and genocide : british policy and news media reaction to the war in bosnia ' ' . cresskill , nj : hampton press * ramet , sabrina p . ' ' balkan babel . the disintegration fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from
10 , rebecca ]] : ' ' black lamb and gray falcon : a journey through yugoslavia ' ' . viking , 1941 . * misha glenny : ' ' the fall from of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x = = legacy = = the present - day countries created from the
86501982 0 capital in [[ belgrade ]] , which also contained : < br / > 5a . socialist autonomous district of [[ kosovo ]] and metohija , with the capital in [[ pristina | priština ]] < br / > 5b . socialist autonomous province of [[ vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] # socialist republic of [[ slovenia ]]
87450897 7 - fights in parliament , [[ puniša račić ]] , a [[ montenegrins | montenegrin ]] serb , leapt up in the chamber and shot two croats and wounded three others in this famous salad battle of 1987 . many people died , including [[ stjepan radić ]] ( founder of the croatian peasant party ) , who eventually died . račić gave himself up and was convicted for the crime . =
87596151 2 barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks , which proved to be a costly decision . ) = = yugoslavia during the second world war = = = = = the [[ invasion of yugoslavia ]] = = = at 5 : 15 a . m . on [[ april 6th ]] [[ 1941 ]] , [[ nazi germany | german ]] ,
88344569 0 }} [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 300px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = opposition to the new state = = = with the end of [[ world war i ]] and the downfall of [[ austria - hungary ]] and the [[ ottoman empire ]] , the conditions were met for proclaiming the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenians in december 1918 . of the country ' s 12 million people , 4 . 6 million were [[ serbs ]] ( 38 . 8 % ) and 2 . 8 million were [[ croats ]] ( 23 . 7 % ) . the yugoslav ideal had long been cultivated by some intellectual circles of the three nations but most influential croatian politicians opposed the new state right from the start . the [[ croatian peasant party ]] ( ' ' hrvatska seljačka stranka ' ' ) slowly grew to become suck a party endorsing croatian national interests and seeking a confederation . the elections for the constituent assembly in november 1920 brought victory for the two main serbian parties . [[ communism
88364859 0 more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and the economic crisis = = = the post - [[ world war two ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model of how to build a multinational state . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which
89768655 9 of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as [[ australia , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s ,
10 diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia ]] , saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the
11 similar sentiments in northern italy , through graphic pictures of the drama unfolding in the neighbouring jugoslavia , england , holland , albania and even such distant countries as australia , [[ saudi arab emirates , libia , and al - qaida ' s afghan - tested mujaheedins , trained by the cia . . since the mid - 1980s , the vatican
18 through independence for slovenia and croatia were the [[ holy see | vatican ]] , [[ austria ]] , [[ hungary ]] , [[ germany ]] , us , more ambivalently , [[ italy ]] which had its own crisis of identity and looked at speeding up " democratic processes " as a way of diverting similar sentiments in northern italy , through
90079596 3 right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal _ divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] = = = king alexander ' s dictatorship = = = jew country yugoslavia . serbia rules . during an official visit to france in 1934 , the king was assassinated in [[ marseilles ]] by an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from
91878920 0 , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created the their own illegal state [[ republic of serbian krajina ]] in heavily serb - populated regions resisted the forces of the republic of croatia who were trying to bring that breakaway region back under croatian
91986037 4 , [[ ivan meštrović ]] , [[ nikola stojanović ]] and others , from south slavic lands under the habsburg empire , fled to london where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee and their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire . they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = =
21 ' s authority was limited and the italians were moving to take more territory than they had been allotted in an agreement with the yugoslav committee . political opinion was divided , and serbian ministers said that if croats insisted on their own republic or sort of independence , then serbia would simply take areas inhabited by the serbs and already occupied by
23 i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , the balance of power changed in international relations : aleksandar ' s policies soon ran into the obstacle of opposition from other european powers due to developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]]
33 gaining large momentum only at the end of the 19th century , mainly because of the harsh policies against any freedom movements occupied southern slavs could possibly have , practiced by both austrian and hungarian dictators . as the ottoman empire grew weaker and serbia , bulgaria and greece grew stronger after the [[ berlin congress ]] , hope for sovereignty of the
92434733 0 serbian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four separate political entities that existed one at a time on the [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the ' ' ' kingdom of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ december 1 ]]
92498255 1 in [[ slovenian language | slovenian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , or ' ' југославија ' ' in ( [[ serbian language | serbian cyrillic ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] [[ cyrillic ]] ) : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at
94767422 0 ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was rightly ordered by the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the
94995394 23 as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in latin , ' ' југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] , [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at a
98954754 6 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . far cry from the days when it was the other way around , not even hundred years ago before . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners {{ fact }} , and initial strikes
7 , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners {{ fact }} , and initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s
8 by the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for the most of the time , the slovenian and serbian delegations were arguing over the future of the league of communists and yugoslavia . the serbian delegation , led by milošević , insisted on a
14 slovenia and croatia to place a three - month [[ moratorium ]] on their illegal independence declarations . during these three months , the yugoslav army completed its pull - out of from slovenia , but in croatia , a bloody [[ war in croatia | war ]] broke out in the autumn of 1991 . ethnic [[ serbs ]] , who had created
20 ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught red - handed when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence
102669832 2 ]] , [[ serbs ]] , [[ jews ]] and [[ roma people | gypsies ]] were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic ]]
3 and [[ roma people | gypsies ]] were marched to the [[ jasenovac concentration camp ]] . ]] the [[ axis powers ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a nazi puppet - state , ruled by the [[ catholicism | catholic ]] [[ fascism | fascist ]] militia known as the
22 . during this time the independent state of croatia , along with bosnian muslims , created concentration camps for serbs , roma and jews , one of the most famous being [[ jasenovac ]] . a large number of men , women and children were executed in these camps , most of whom were serbs . according to [[ mile budak ]] ,
103112319 0 [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until the milošević ' s government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo . see [[ kosovo war ]] for more information . since june 1999 , the province has
103885949 0 [[ soviet union ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favoured the policy pursued by aleksandar i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe
107220473 27 turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a kosovo republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was ordered by the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the
28 ' s leadership who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was ordered sent to the province by the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of
29 who proceeded to use police to restrain the violence . as police was insufficient force , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was ordered by the order of the serbia - held majority in the yugoslav presidency to restore order . in january 1990 , the extraordinary 14th congress of the [[ league of communists of yugoslavia ]] was convened . for most of the time
38 ]] , [[ 1991 ]] , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . in slovenia , slovenian people ' s defence ( paramilitary force organization ) seized the yugoslav border posts with austria and italy taking down the [[ flag of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | yugoslav ]] and raising the [[ flag of
39 in a war on their home soil , the slovene territorial defence forces retook most of the posts within several days with only minimal loss of life on both sides . recently there was a suspected incident of a war crime , as the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of several young yugoslav
40 sides . recently the [[ austria ]] n [[ orf ( broadcaster ) | orf tv station ]] showed [[ ten - day war # holmec incident | footage ]] of several young three yugoslav soldiers at holmec ( border crossing with austria ) , carrying a white cloth and raising their hands in the air , apparently to surrender to the slovenian territorial defence
52 by [[ 1999 ]] they formed as little as 10 % of the total population . this was a far cry from the days when it was the other way around , less than a hundred years before . meanwhile [[ slovenia ]] , under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , along with [[ croatia ]] openly supported albanian miners {{ fact | date = february 2007
107864960 9 the serbs proclaimed the emergence of serbian autonomous areas ( known later as [[ republic of serb krajina ]] ) in croatia . croatia embarked upon the illegal importation of arms , mainly from [[ hungary ]] , and were caught was revealed to the general public when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between croatian defence
11 yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off the tank after driving it through people . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases through throughout croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna '
20 people in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republican government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the provinces had
24 after driving it through people . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) met with the presidency of yugoslavia in an attempt to get them
107899114 1 ]] in yugoslavia . the largest yugoslav republic in territory and population , serbia ' s influence over the regions of kosovo and vojvodina was reduced by the 1974 constitution . because its two autonomous provinces had de facto prerogatives of full - fledged republics , serbia found that its hands were tied , for the republic ' s government was restricted in making and carrying out decisions that would apply to the provinces . since the
11 army soldier drove a tank through the mass and was pushed off the tank after . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases throughout through croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) , which was
12 pushed off the tank after . {{ fact | date = february 2007 }} also guns were fired from army bases throughout croatia . elsewhere , tensions were running high . in the same month , the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] ( ' ' jugoslovenska narodna armija , jna ' ' ) , which was in the hands of ethnic serbs and montenegrins ,
110042365 1 = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of ' ' ' visionary thinking of croat writers and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire
3 after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave it i < / small > t the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the
110043742 0 after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and [[ ottoman empire ]] would be to unite and free themselves of tyrannies and dictatorships . they gave i < / small > t it the name ilirski pokret ( illyric movement ) and gathered many prominent croatian intellectuals and politicians around the new idea , but the movement started gaining large momentum only at the
3 nowiki > = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century , a product of ' ' ' visionary thinking of croat writers < small > and philosophers who believed that the only way for southern slavs to regain lost freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro
110340242 7 , where they began work on forming a yugoslav committee . their mission was to represent the south slavs of the empire , and they chose london as their headquarters . = = = the yugoslav committee = = = the [[ yugoslav committee ]] " ( ' ' jugoslavenski odbor ' ' ) was officially formed on [[ april 30 ]] , [[ 1915 ]] in [[ london ]] , and began to raise funds ,
16 south slavs living in the americas . because of their stature , the members of the yugoslav committee were able to make their views known to the allied governments , which began to take them more seriously as the fate has also been discussed in terms of the analogy / definition of infinity , in of [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] became more uncertain . while the committee ' s basic aim was the unification of the habsburg south slav lands with serbia ( which
110342951 5 have been numerous arch . excavations to support such a theory , john straw ' s recent works in this field include : " searching for atlantis " , " lost libraries " freedom after centuries of occupation under the [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] and " yugoslavia : fact or fantasy ? " " during the early period of world war i ( which started in 1914 ) , a number of prominent political figures
110899796 0 their moral and material life " . the future state was to be called the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes and was to be a constitutional monarchy under the [[ karađorđević dynasty . = = = the unification of slovenes , croats and serbs = = = as the habsburg empire dissolved , a national council of slovenes , croats and
111867936 0 national hero by the citizens , so he gained the power in post - war independent [[ communism | communist ]] state , starting as a [[ prime minister ]] . = = well the second yugoslavia = = ' ' main article : [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ' ' [[ image : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 200px | right
112621417 1 the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in latin , ' ' југославија in [[ cyrillic ]] , [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at
2 political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( ' ' jugoslavija ' ' in latin , југославија ' ' in [[ cyrillic ]] , [[ english language | english ]] : " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) describes four political entities that existed one at a
112810125 0 that the final organization of the state should be left to the future constituent assembly . the most prominent opponent of this decision was stjepan radić , the leader of the [[ croatian peasant party ( hrvatska seljačka stranka , hss ) . the kingdom of serbs , croats and slovenes was declared on 1 december 1918 in belgrade . = = kingdom
115465480 5 have left many ties between the peoples of the new states , even though the state policies of the new states favours differentiation , particularly in the language area . once , the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] was officially considered a unique language with several literary and spoken variants and was also the lingua - franca where other languages dominated (
13 extent also the [[ montenegrin language ]] . many mixed marriages exist . the first generation offspring of such marriages have difficulties with ethnic identification . this gave the rise to a the statistical category of yugoslav ethnic determination used under yugoslavia . now the offspring of mixed marriages has to either take up one of the parent ' s ethnicities or declare as
118460935 0 republic of yugoslavia ( fpry ) " ( 1946 ) , and the " [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated following in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] , which led to the secession of most of the constituent elements of the sfry . the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' '
2 yugoslavia ]] ( sfry ) " ( 1963 ) . it disintegrated following the [[ yugoslav wars ]] , which led to the secession of most of the constituent elements of the sfry . the ' ' ' federal republic of yugoslavia ' ' ' ( fry ) ( [[ april 27 ]] , [[ 1992 ]] & ndash ; [[ february 4
118636043 2 year ' s maternity leave , if needed . respect for workers was a central concern of government and society . = = = population = = = the population of yugoslavia according to the large yugoslavia in 1980 was 23 million . after it broke in 1990 it was 15 . 2 million . = = = the government = = = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of
212101326 1 = = = the government = = = on [[ 7 april ]] [[ 1963 ]] the nation changed its official name to [[ socialist federal republic of
212494019 0 [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until an agreement was brokered between nato and milošević ' s government submitted to their demands and withdrew its forces from kosovo , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . see [[ kosovo war
212543380 0 ]] administration which , in 1984 , had adopted a " [[ shock therapy ( economics ) | shock therapy ]] " proposal to push yugoslavia towards a capitalist restoration . in 1989 [[ jeffrey sachs ]] was in yugoslavia helping the federal government under
231911766 0 [[ istria ]] and [[ rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent socialist republics that made up the country , from north to south , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the
237605005 1 the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federal federative yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic of
237910349 1 the [[ axis powers ]] in 1941 , and because of the events that followed , was officially abolished in 1945 . the second country with this name was the democratic federative federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federative people ' s republic of
238782313 0 of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] fled to [[ london ]] , where they began work on forming the [[ yugoslav committee ]] to represent the southern slavs mugungus ' s of austria - hungary . these yugoslavs were citizens who identified themselves with the movement toward a single yugoslav or south slavic state and the committee ' s basic aim was
238786561 0 of habsburg | habsburg ]] [[ austro - hungarian empire ]] fled to [[ london ]] , where they began work on forming the [[ yugoslav committee ]] to represent the mugungus ' s southern slavs of austria - hungary . these yugoslavs were citizens who identified themselves with the movement toward a single yugoslav or south slavic state and the committee ' s basic aim was
241009757 0 democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s republic jdfkhfdjslahfjfhuihrauhflusdhfuilhulaweriuhfgvhudgarihgulrepublic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry )
241009765 0 democratic federal yugoslavia , proclaimed in 1943 by the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] resistance movement in [[ world war ii ]] . it was renamed to the federal people ' s jdfkhfdjslahfjfhuihrauhflusdhfuilhulaweriuhfgvhudgarihgulrepublic republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . in 1963 , it was renamed again to the [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfry )
241638823 8 of the war , the chetnik movement transformed into a collaborationist serb nationalist militia , completely dependent on axis supplies . < ref > 7david martin , ally betrayed : the uncensored story single largest evacuation of tito and mihailovich , ( new york : prentice hall , 1946 ) , 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their
10 34 . < / ref > the highly mobile partisans , however , carried on their guerrilla warfare with great success . most notable of the victories against the occupying forces we the battles of [[ battle of neretva | neretva ]] and [[ battle of sutjeska | sutjeska ]] . on [[ november 25 ]] , [[ 1942 ]] , the [[ avnoj | anti - fascist council of national liberation of yugoslavia ]] ( ' ' antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja jugoslavije ' ' ) was convened in [[ bihać ]] , [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] . the council reconvened on [[ november 29 ]] , [[ 1943 ]] , in [[ jajce ]] , also in [[ bosnia and herzegovina | bosnia ]] and established the basis for post - war organization of the country , establishing a federation ( this date was celebrated as republic day after the war ) behind enemy lines . the [[ yugoslav partisans ]] were able to expel the axis from serbia in 1944 and the rest of yugoslavia in 1945 . the [[ red army ]] provided limited
243549350 0 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander i iv of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist
8 separatist organization . alexsandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council headed by his cousin [[ prince paul paulina of yugoslavia | prince paul ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between
243549424 8 . alexsandar was succeeded by his eleven year old son [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] and a regency council that gave head to his cousin [[ prince paulina paul of yugoslavia | prince paulina ]] . = = = the 1930s in yugoslavia = = = the international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between
244325833 145 of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on [[ february 4 ]] , [[ 2003 ]] , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and
244370322 2 [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 . fyr of macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015
246067912 6 december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | left | 250px 200px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[
247526130 5 200px | right | thumb | [[ alija izetbegović ]] . ]] after tito ' s death on 4 may 1980 , [[ ethnic group | ethnic ]] [[ tension ]] s grew in yugoslavia . the legacy of the [[ constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | constitution of 1974 ]] was used to throw the system of decision -
247526296 4 slovene ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in [[ english language | english ]] : " south slavia " or " land of [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula
11 he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions . however , alexander ' s policies soon encountered opposition from other [[ europe ]] an powers stemming from developments in [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] , where [[ fascism | fascists ]] and [[ nazism | nazis ]] rose to power , and the [[ soviet union ]] , where
16 ]] , where [[ joseph stalin | stalin ]] became absolute ruler . none of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by alexander i . in fact , [[ italy ]] and [[ germany ]] wanted to revise the international treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more
19 world war ii in yugoslavia = = = [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on april 6 , 1941 , followed immediately by an invasion of [[ greece ]] where [[ benito mussolini | mussolini ]] had previously been repelled . ( as a result , the launch of [[ operation barbarossa ]] was delayed by four weeks
247935764 6 . png | thumb | 200px | right | map of yugoslavia in 1919 showing the provisional borders in the [[ aftermath of world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine yugoslavia | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb
10 world war i ]] before the treaties of [[ treaty of neuilly - sur - seine | neuilly ]] , [[ treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in
44 treaty of trianon | trianon ]] and [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | rapallo ]] ]] [[ image : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 200px | right | map showing [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 - 1928 = = = * [[
51 december 2007 }} {{ refimprove | date = july 2006 }} {{ main | dissolution of yugoslavia }} [[ image : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | left | 200px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[ image : milosevic - 1 . jpg | 200px | right | thumb | [[ slobodan milošević ]] . ]] [[
251007548 1 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour favor of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on january 9 , 1992 ,
251363174 3 07 - 21 }} < / ref > in [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favor favour of forming serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with [[ serbia ]] and [[ montenegro ]] . on january 9 , 1992 ,
251645066 6 capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) , # [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , # [[ socialist republic autonomous province of slovenia ]] , with the capital in [[ ljubljana ]] , # [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad ]] . in
252187640 2 [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) ; * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ socialist autonomous province of kosova ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[ socialist autonomous province of vojvodina ]] , with the capital in [[ novi sad
256387537 2 | 250px | thumb | right | war in former yugoslavia , fronts in 1993 ]] [[ image : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 250px | thumb | right | countries state entities on the former territory of former yugoslavia ]] {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces by the secessionist forces .
257423127 1 election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king alexander ' s period = = = king [[ alexander nick daskalou i of yugoslavia | alexander i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate
257427712 1 | election 1923 ]] * [[ treaty of rome , 1924 ]] * assassination of [[ stjepan radić ]] = = = king nick daskalous period = = = king [[ nick daskalou alexander i of yugoslavia | daskalou i ]] banned national political parties in 1929 , assumed executive power and renamed the country yugoslavia . he hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate
257731379 7 ’ s independence by the united states and most european countries * april 28 , 1992 , the formation of fry ( see below ) * november 1995 , peace signed in dayton by leaders of yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia * [[ agreement on sub - regional arms control ]] * 1996 - 1999 , clashes between yugoslav army and [[
257767654 6 . republics and provinces were ( in alphabetical order ) : * [[ socialist republic of bosnia and herzegovina ]] , with the capital in [[ sarajevo ]] ; * [[ socialist republic image : flag of croatia ]] , with the capital in [[ zagreb ]] ; * [[ socialist republic of macedonia ]] , with the capital in [[ skopje ]] ; * [[ socialist
12 of montenegro ]] , with the capital in [[ podgorica | titograd ]] ( now podgorica ) ; * [[ socialist republic of serbia ]] , with the capital in [[ belgrade ]] , including : * * [[ socialist autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1946 - 1974 ) | autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ]] , with the capital in [[ prishtina ]] , * * [[
258789343 0 the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2003 , and could join before 2010 {{ fact | date = december 2008 }} . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . the remaining four republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before
264312582 0 army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . in march 1990 , during the demonstrations in [[ split ( city ) | split ]] , croatia , a young [[ yugoslavs | yugoslav ]] conscript was pushed off a tank after driving it through a crowd of people . {{ fact | date
281117483 2 a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ slovenia ]] , [[ republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for [[ bosnian language ]] , [[ croatian language ]] , [[ montenegrin language ]] and the [[ serbian language ]]
282642038 0 the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria and hungary mainly just changed uniforms since most of them were local slovenes . the border police was were mostly already slovenian before declaring independence . the following day ( june 26 ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognized borders
284695040 44 were caught when yugoslav counter intelligence ( ' ' kos , kontra - obavještajna služba ' ' ) showed a [[ špegelj tapes | video of a secret meeting ]] between the croatian defence minister martin špegelj and two men . špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing
46 as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in croatian cities . serbia and jna used this discovery of croatian rearmament for propaganda purposes . filmed by špegelj announced that they were at war with the army and gave instructions about arms smuggling as well as methods of dealing with the yugoslav army ' s officers stationed in
63 recognition of the independence of montenegro . on june 3 , 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving the last vestige vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia are : { | class = "
285698474 0 serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : hi ! " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula
285708963 0 serbian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : hi ! " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the [[ balkan peninsula
292400542 0 and [[ kosovo - metohija ]] formed a part of the republic of [[ serbia ]] but those provinces also formed part of the federation , which led to the unique situattion situation that [[ central serbia ]] did not have its own assembly but a joint assembly with its provinces represented in it . the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948
292754074 7 federal republic of yugoslavia : * june 25 , 1991 , when [[ croatia ]] and [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of yugoslavia declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament
292756508 1 almost complete emigration of the serbs from all three regions , massive displacement of the populations in bosnia and herzegovina and establishment of the 3 new independent states . the separation of the yugoslav republic of macedonia was peaceful , although the yugoslav army occupied the peak of the straža mountain , on the macedonian soil . serbian uprisings in croatia began in august 1990 by
299640156 1 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' i am moving to yugoslavia because i am hated ' ' ' the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , which before 3 october 1929 was
311073666 0 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . * famous rock and roll guitarist and historian tony m . drozdjek was born in [[ belgrade , 1963 . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[
313663539 2 council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum - serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[
314767527 0 = = though the 1974 constitution dampened the institutional and material powers of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 . after this death the state and [[ league of communists of yugoslavia | communist party ]] became increasingly paralysed and thrown into crisis . = = = breakup = = = [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of [[ sfr yugoslavia ]] . ]] [[
314884067 1 luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at in belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and
314888561 2 luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and
315047149 1 luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at in belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and
315141168 2 luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in at belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and
315205975 1 luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany at in belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand yugoslav officers and
319569174 4 under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a ' kosovan republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was
319589909 11 under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a ' kosovan republic ' . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]]
319701637 4 under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a ' kosovan republic . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]] was
319852932 11 under the presidency of [[ milan kučan ]] , and [[ croatia ]] supported albanian miners and their struggle for formal recognition . initial strikes turned into widespread demonstrations demanding a ' kosovan republic ' . this angered serbia ' s leadership which proceeded to use police force , and later even the [[ yugoslav people ' s army | federal army ]]
321354054 0 treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine centralised yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many
321364993 1 treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a centralised genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many
321366842 0 treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine centralised yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many
321368159 1 treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a centralised genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many
321376901 0 treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine centralised yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many
321377434 0 treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a centralised genuine yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many
321393887 1 treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine centralised yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many
321407645 0 user : vatroslav1937 | vatroslav1937 ]] ( [[ user talk : vatroslav1937 | talk ]] ) 15 : 21 , 22 october 2009 ( utc ) alexander attempted to create a centralised genuine yugoslavia without cultural and regional self - determination . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the
321543391 0 signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine centralised yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many
321549394 0 signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine centralised yugoslavia with almost all political powers vested in the serbian capital of belgrade . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for
321557491 0 treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a genuine centralized yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many
324698346 1 better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia .
335360288 0 first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 , and could join before 2010 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008
337768752 2 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] (
337769485 2 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * ' ' jugoslavija ' ' ; [[ serbian cyrillic alphabet | cyrillic script ]] : југославија ; literally in english : " south slavia " or " land of the [[ south slavs ]] " ) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of [[ balkan peninsula ]] in europe , during most of the 20th century . the first country to be known by this name was the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] (
338545828 2 {st@rt} ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' may refer to : * | federal republic of [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ( 1918 - 1943 ) , initially known as the kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] (
16 most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state union of serbia and montenegro = = see also = = * [[ history of consisted of montenegro and serbia ]] the [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( fry ) was formed on april 28 , 1992 , and it consisted of the former socialist republic of serbia and socialist republic of montenegro . the new constitution of yugoslavia was voted by the rest of mps , elected on federal one - party elections in 1986 . the war in the western parts of former yugoslavia ended in 1995 with u . s . - sponsored peace talks in [[ dayton , ohio ]] , which resulted in the so - called [[ dayton agreement ]] . in [[ kosovo ]] , throughout the 1990s , the leadership of the albanian population had been pursuing independence with a non - violent resistance in order to achieve independence for the province . in 1996 , albanians formed [[ kosovo liberation army ]] . the yugoslav reaction involved the indiscriminate use of force against civilian populations , and caused many ethnic - albanians to flee their homes . following the [[ racak incident ]] and unsuccessful [[ rambouillet agreement ]] in the early months of 1999 , nato proceeded to bombard serbia and montenegro for more than two months , until an agreement was brokered between nato and milošević ' s government , with russia acting as intermediary . yugoslavia withdrew its forces from kosovo , in return for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia , resulting in 250 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and russia , although all parties continued to recognize it as a part of serbia until 2008 . kosovo declared independence in february 2008 , but is not yet a member of the united nations and is only recognised by 60 governments . milošević ' s rejection of claims of a first - round opposition victory in new elections for the federal presidency in september 2000 led to mass demonstrations in belgrade on october 5 and the collapse of the regime ' s authority . the opposition ' s candidate , [[ vojislav koštunica ]] took office as yugoslav president on october 6 , 2000 . the federal republic of yugoslavia was afterwards admitted to the united nations , at the end of 2000 . on saturday , march 31 , 2001 , milošević surrendered to yugoslav security forces from his home in belgrade , following a recent warrant for his arrest on charges of abuse of power and corruption . on june 28 he was driven to the yugoslav - bosnian border where shortly after he was placed in the custody of [[ sfor ]] officials , soon to be extradited to the [[ united nations ]] [[ international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia ]] . his trial on charges of [[ genocide ]] in bosnia and war crimes in croatia and in kosovo and metohija began at [[ the hague ]] on february 12 , 2002 , and he died there on 11 march 2006 , while his trial was still ongoing . on april 11 , 2002 , the yugoslav parliament passed a law allowing extradition of all persons charged with war crimes by the international criminal tribunal . in march 2002 , the governments of serbia and montenegro agreed to reform the fry in favour of a new , much weaker form of cooperation called [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . by order of the yugoslav federal parliament on february 4 , 2003 , yugoslavia , at least nominally , ceased to exist . a federal government remained in place in belgrade but assumed largely ceremonial powers . the individual governments of serbia and of montenegro conducted their respective affairs almost as though the two republics were independent . furthermore , customs were established along the traditional border crossings between the two republics . on may 21 , 2006 , 86 percent of eligible montenegrin voters turned out for a special referendum on the independence of [[ montenegro ]] from the state union with serbia . they voted 55 . 5 % in favor of independence , reaching the 55 % threshold set by the [[ european union ]] . on june 3 , 2006 , montenegro officially declared its independence , with serbia following suit two days later , effectively dissolving one of the last vestiges of the former yugoslavia . = = legacy = = = = = new states = = = countries created from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ capital city | capital ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ flag ]] ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > ' ' ' [[ coat of arms ]] ' ' ' < / center > | - | [[ bosnia and herzegovina ]] | style = " width : 7em ; font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ sarajevo ]] | style = " width : 6em ; " | < center > [[ file : flag of bosnia and herzegovina . svg | 70px ]] < / center > | style = " width : 4em ; " | < center > [[ file : bosnia and herzegovina coats of arms modified . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ croatia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ zagreb ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of croatia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of croatia . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ kosovo ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ pristina ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of kosovo . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of kosovo . svg | 40px ]] < center > | - | [[ macedonia ( country ) | macedonia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ skopje ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of macedonia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of the republic of macedonia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ montenegro ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ podgorica ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of montenegro . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of montenegro . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ serbia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ belgrade ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of serbia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of serbia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | [[ slovenia ]] | style = " font - size : 90 % ; " | [[ ljubljana ]] | < center > [[ file : flag of slovenia . svg | 70px | border ]] < / center > | < center > [[ file : coat of arms of slovenia . svg | 40px ]] < / center > | - | } * the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . see [[ international recognition of kosovo ]] . the first former yugoslav republic to join the [[ european union ]] was slovenia , which applied in 1996 and became a member in 2004 . croatia applied for membership in 2004 . macedonia applied in 2004 , and will probably join by 2010 – 2015 . < ref > http : / / www . europeanvoice . com / article / 2008 / 12 / montenegro - applies - for - eu - membership / 63428 . aspx < / ref > . montenegro presented its official application to the european union , with the hopes of gaining eu candidate status by 2009 , although it has yet to be accepted . < ref > [ http : / / euobserver . com / 9 / 27301 montenegro files eu membership application ] < / ref > . the remaining three republics have yet to apply so their acceptance generally is not expected before 2015 . these states are signatories of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . = = = remaining cultural and ethnic ties = = = the similarity of the languages and the long history of common life have left many ties among the peoples of the new states , even though the individual state policies of the new states favour differentiation , particularly in language . the [[ serbo - croatian language ]] is linguistically a unique language , with several literary and spoken variants and also was the imposed means of communication used where other languages dominated ( [[ socialist republic of slovenia | slovenia ]] , [[ socialist republic of macedonia | macedonia ]] ) . now , separate sociolinguistic standards exist for the [[ bosnian language | bosnian ]] , [[ croatian language | croatian ]] and [[ serbian language | serbian ]] languages . although the sfry had no official language , technically there had been three official languages , along with minority languages official where minorities lived , but in all federal organs only serbo - croatian or croato - serbian was used and others were expected to use it as well . remembrance of the time of the joint state and its perceived positive attributes is referred to as [[ yugonostalgy ]] ( ' ' jugonostalgija ' ' ) . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = miscellaneous = = * [[ asteroid ]] [[ 1554 yugoslavia ]] was discovered by [[ milorad b . protić ]] and named after yugoslavia . = = see also = = * [[ history of the balkans ]] * [[ history of europe ]] * [[ music of yugoslavia ]] * [[ yugoslav wars ]] = = references = = {{ reflist }} * {{ loc }} – [ http : / / lcweb2 . loc . gov / frd / cs / yutoc . html yugoslavia ] = = further reading = = * allcock , john b . : explaining yugoslavia . new york : columbia university press , 2000 * anne marie du preez bezdrob : ' ' sarajevo roses : war memoirs of a peacekeeper ' ' . oshun , 2002 . isbn 177007031 * chan , adrian : ' ' free to choose : a teacher ' s resource and activity guide to revolution and reform in eastern europe ' ' . stanford , ca : spice , 1991 . ed 351 248 * cigar , norman , : ' ' genocide in bosnia : the policy of ethnic - cleansing ' ' . college station : texas a & m university press , 1995 * cohen , lenard j . : ' ' broken bonds : the disintegration of yugoslavia ' ' . boulder , co : westview press , 1993 * conversi , daniele : ' ' german - bashing and the breakup of yugoslavia ' ' , the donald w . treadgold papers in russian , east european and central asian studies , no . 16 , march 1998 ( university of washington : hmj school of international studies ) http : / / easyweb . easynet . co . uk / conversi / german . html * dragnich , alex n . : ' ' serbs and croats . the struggle in yugoslavia ' ' . new york : harcourt brace jovanovich , 1992 * fisher , sharon : ' ' political change in post - communist slovakia and croatia : from nationalist to europeanist ' ' . new york : palgrave macmillan , 2006 isbn 1 4039 7286 9 * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' [[ the balkans : nationalism , war and the great powers , 1804 - 1999 ]] ' ' ( london : penguin books ltd , 2000 ) * [[ misha glenny | glenny , mischa ]] : ' ' the fall of yugoslavia : the third balkan war ' ' , isbn 0 - 14 - 026101 - x * gutman , roy . : ' ' a witness to genocide . the 1993 pulitzer prize - winning dispatches on the " ethnic cleansing " of bosnia ' ' . new york : macmillan , 1993 * hall , brian : the impossible country : a journey through the last days of yugoslavia . penguin books . new york , 1994 * harris , judy j . : ' ' yugoslavia today ' ' . southern social studies journal 16 ( fall 1990 ) : 78 – 101 . ej 430 520 * hayden , robert m . : blueprints for a house divided : the constitutional logic of the yugoslav conflicts . ann arbor : university of michigan press , 2000 * hoare , marko a . , ' ' a history of bosnia : from the middle ages to the present day ' ' . london : [[ saqi books | saqi ]] , 2007 * [[ barbara jelavich | jelavich , barbara ]] : ' ' history of yugoslavia ]] {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія
19 kingdom of serbs croats and slovenes . * [[ socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] ( sfr yugoslavia ; 1943 - 1992 ) , also initially known as the democratic federal yugoslavia ( df yugoslavia ) , and federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ( fpr yugoslavia ) * [[ serbia and montenegro | federal republic of yugoslavia ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state ,
23 ]] , initially and for the most of its existence a federal state , eventually became known in 2003 as a state union of serbia and montenegro = = see also = = * [[ history of yugoslavia ]] {{ disambig }} [[ af : joegoslawië ]] [[ ar : يوغوسلافيا ]] [[ ast : yugoslavia ]] [[ az : yuqoslaviya ]] [[ be : югаславія
347207640 1 ]] ' s unequivocal desire to uphold the unity of serbs , a status threatned by each republic breaking away from the federation , in addition to his opposition to the the albanian authorities in kosovo , further inflamed ethnic tensions . ]] [[ file : franjotudman . jpg | thumb | 150px | right | croatian president [[ franjo tuđman ]] refused
353731294 2 better known , colloquially as well as even on maps , as yugoslavia ( or jugo - slavia in the rest of europe ) ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the to " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = < gallery align = right perrow = 6 > file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia .
4 kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 –
356856208 0 ]] and [[ autonomous province of kosovo and metohija ( 1990 - 1999 ) | kosovo ]] ) . on february 4 , 2003 , it was renamed to the [[ serbia and montenegro | state union of serbia and montenegro ]] , and officially abolished the name " yugoslavia " . on june 3 and june 5 , 2006 respectively , [[ montenegro ]] and
367694598 3 signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending eleven days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than three hundred thousand 300 , 000 yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi
5 council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[
11 forces of slovenia ( republics had their local defence forces similar to [[ croatian home guard | home guard ]] ) in 1990 but wasn ' t completely successful . still , slovenia began to covertly import arms to replenish its armed forces . croatia also embarked upon the illegal import of arms , ( following the disaramament of the republics armed forces
16 acting as intermediary . yugoslavia withdrew its forces from kosovo , in return for nato retracting their pre - war demand for nato forces to enter serbia , resulting in 250 , 000 serbian and other non - albanian refugees . since june 1999 , the province has been governed by peace - keeping forces from nato and russia , although all parties
398065480 0 in [[ kosovo ]] organized strikes , which dovetailed into ethnic conflict between the albanians and the non - albanians in the province . at around 80 % of the [[ demographic history demographics of kosovo # 1968 - 1989 : autonomy | population of kosovo in the 1980s ]] , ethnic - albanians were the majority . the number of [[ slavs ]] in
400599300 33 the kingdom of yugoslavia | coat of arms ]] < / center > < / gallery > [[ file : banovine kj . jpg | thumb | 250px | right | the kingdom of yugoslavia and its [[ kingdom of yugoslavia # internal divisions | banovinas ]] in 1929 ]] {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} = = = 1918 – 1928 = = = yugoslavia was
405575485 2 rijeka ]] were added to the new yugoslavia after the end of world war ii . the constituent six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces that made up the country , were : [[ sr bosnia and herzegovina ]] , [[ sr croatia ]] , [[ sr macedonia ]] , [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr
405575792 2 in the rest of europe ) , coined from slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . in 1929 it was formally renamed to the " kingdom of yugoslavia " . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} [[ file : flag of the kingdom of yugoslavia . svg
405577552 6 after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of the southern austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june of the same year . western
10 the old government of the [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] , and the emigration loyal to the king , led to the [[ tito - šubašić agreement ]] in june 1944 , ; however marshal [[ josip broz tito ]] was seen as a national hero by the citizens , and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent [[ communism | communist
15 liberation of [[ belgrade ]] and withdrew after the war was over . in may 1945 , the partisans met with allied forces outside former yugoslav borders , after taking over also [[ trieste ]] and parts of austrian southern provinces [[ styria ]] and [[ carinthia ( state ) | carinthia ]] . however , the partisans withdrew from trieste in june
426524446 0 an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ kingdom of italy ( 1861 – 1946 ) | fascist italy ]] and [[ nazi germany ]] split the country apart and endorsed an extreme croatian nationalist faction called the [[ ustaše ]] which committed genocide {{ citation needed |
429241423 1 [[ sr montenegro ]] , [[ sr slovenia ]] and [[ sr serbia ]] ( including the [[ autonomy | autonomous ]] provinces of [[ sap vojvodina ]] and [[ sap kosovo | kosovo ]] which after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation < ref > {{ cite book | last = huntington | first = samuel p .
438819032 2 of [[ enlargement of the european union | various partnership agreements ]] with the european union . since 1 january 2007 , they have been encircled by member - states of the eu ( and albania , which is encircled with them ) . the [[ assembly of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia in february 2008 . its independence is [[ international
441313646 18 council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes minimum serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners in [[
66 and hungarian forces attacked yugoslavia . the german air force ( ' ' [[ luftwaffe ]] ' ' ) bombed [[ belgrade ]] and other major yugoslav cities . on april 17 , representatives of yugoslavia ' s various regions signed an armistice with germany in belgrade , ending 11 days of resistance against the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht
105 }} of how to build a [[ multinational state ]] . the federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the [[ serbs | serbian ]] ruling class ; and a war - time division of the country , as [[ kingdom of italy ( 1861 – 1946 ) | fascist italy ]] and [[
128 mainly of serbian ethnicity , maintained an impression of being neutral , but as time went on , they got more and more involved in the state politics . on june 25 , 1991 , slovenia and croatia became the first republics to declare [[ independence ]] from yugoslavia . the federal customs officers in slovenia on the border crossings with italy , austria
145 [[ slovenia ]] declared independence * september 8 , 1991 , following a referendum the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * october 8 , 1991 , when the july 9 moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * january 15 ,
467907565 0 png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] = = = new states = = = countries created directly from the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < /
467914600 4 png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] = = = new states = = = countries created directly from the former yugoslavia ( with the initial [[ de iure ]] symbols ) , gained [[ un ]] membership 1991 - 2000 : { | class = " wikitable "
468701811 16 png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] = = = new states = = = countries created from after the former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center
33 kosovo ' s independence was not illegal . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . bbc . co . uk / news / world - europe - 10730573 | title blogentry . aspx ? blogentryref = kosovo independence not illegal , says un court | date = 22 july 2010 | publisher = bbc news | accessdate = 23 july 2010 }} < / ref >
478217075 16 more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and economic crisis = = = the post – [[ world war ii ]] yugoslavia was in many respects a model {{ citation needed | date = december 2009 }} of how to build a [[ multinational state ]] . the federation was constructed against
484993842 0 = [[ file : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] current countries created after that emerged from the collapse of yugoslavia in former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' name ' ' ' < / center > !
2 : former yugoslavia 2008 . png | 300px | thumb | right | states and entities on the former territory of yugoslavia , 2008 . ]] current countries created after the collapse of yugoslavia in former yugoslavia : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' name ' ' ' < / center > ! ! < center > '
493354776 1 . starting in 1991 , the sfry disintegrated in the [[ yugoslav wars ]] which followed the [[ secession ]] of most of the country ' s constituent entities . the next third yugoslavia , known as the federal republic of yugoslavia , existed until 2003 , when it was renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] . = = background = = {{ main
7 november 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = federal republic of yugoslavia = = main article : [[ serbia and montenegro ]] as yugoslavia began to dissolve and the subsequent [[ yugoslav wars | wars ]] raged through croatia and bosnia , the republics of serbia and montenegro , which remained relatively
495582587 0 of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian
495585323 1 of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian
495585894 18 kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian
495666744 3 socialist federal republic of yugoslavia }} {{ refimprove | date = september 2008 }} [[ file : location yugoslavia . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]]
24 png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in the western
495668696 22 kingdom of yugoslavia | socialist federal republic of yugoslavia | federal republic of yugoslavia }} [[ file : locationyugoslavia2 . png | thumb | right | 300px | general location of the political entities known as yugoslavia . the precise borders varied over the years . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ croatian language | croatian ]] , [[ serbian language | serbian
496003893 2 = = [[ file : map of war in yugoslavia , 1992 . png | 300px | thumb | right | yugoslavia at the time of its dissolution , early 1992 ]] | image2 = former yugoslavia 2008 . png | caption2 = current state of affairs on the territory of the former yugoslavia , as of 2008 }} yugoslav successor states : { | class = " wikitable " ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < / center
496174460 14 yugoslavia . svg | thumb | right | flag of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia ]] [[ file : sfryugoslavianumbered . png | thumb | 250px | right | republics and autonomous provinces of yugoslavia ]] on 29 november 1945 , while still in exile , [[ king of yugoslavia | king ]] [[ peter ii of yugoslavia | peter ii ]] was
497511009 0 fall and social programmes had collapsed ; creating within the population an atmosphere of social despair and hopelessness . this was a critical turning point in the events to follow . = = = breakup = = = {{ main | breakup of yugoslavia }} [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia . gif | thumb | right | 250px | breakup of yugoslavia
497533808 0 htm serbia and montenegro ] < / ref > the state was finally officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003 . in april 2001 , the five successor states drafted and in june 2001 they signed the yugoslav agreement on succession issues . < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . dipublico . com . ar / english /
507481081 2 yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation , 1918 – 2003 ' ' . bloomington : indiana university press , 2006 * roberts , walter r | walter r roberts : < http : / / en . wikipedia . org / wiki / walter _ r _ roberts > " ' ' tito , mihailovic , and the allies : 1941 – 1945 " . duke university press , 1987 ; isbn 0 - 8223 - 0773 - 1 * sacco , joe
525390790 1 sid = 21100853300901 < / ref > = = = yugosphere = = = the ' ' yugosphere ' ' is a term used to describe the present day physical areas which that formed yugoslavia , as well as culture and influence . {{ clarify | reason = what sort of influence ? what of / from ? | date = june 2012 }}
542256959 6 november 2000 . < ref name = " ebrd country promotion programme " / > from 1992 to 2000 , some countries , including the united states , referred to the federal republic of yugoslavia fry as " serbia and montenegro " . < ref name = " serbia and montenegro " / > the state was finally officially renamed [[ serbia and montenegro ]] in 2003
542257478 2 of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognized state . however , numerous countries , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognized kosovo as an independent nation . = = = yugosphere = = = the ' ' yugosphere ' ' is the present - day physical areas that formed
561302207 0 - 5 * malesevic , sinisa : ideology , legitimacy and the new state : yugoslavia , serbia and croatia . london : routledge , 2002 . * owen , david . : ' ' balkan odyssey ' ' harcourt ( harvest book ) , 1997 * ramet , sabrina : ' ' the three yugoslavias : state - building and legitimation ,
563179561 0 a rise of nationalism in all republics : slovenia and croatia made demands for looser ties within the federation , the albanian majority in kosovo demanded the status of a republic , ; serbia sought absolute , not only relative dominion over yugoslavia . added to this , the croat quest for independence led to large serb communities within croatia rebelling and trying to
4 presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight member council , serbia could now count on four votes at a minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , and vojvodina and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanian people | ethnic albanian ]] miners
563180646 0 yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces . when , in august 1990 croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army
1 = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist forces . when in august 1990 , croatia attempted to replace police in the serb populated croat krajina by force , the population first looked for refuge in the jna caserns , while the army remained passive .
9 an attempt to get them to declare a [[ state of emergency ]] which would allow for the army to take control of the country . the army was seen as a an arm of the serbian service by that time so the consequence feared by the other republics was to be total serbian domination of the union . the representatives of [[ serbia ]] , montenegro
18 and civilian life by the yugoslav peoples army – houses , a church , civilian airport was bombarded and civilian hangar and airliners inside it , truck drivers on the road from ljubljana – zagreb and austrian journalists on ljubljana airport were killed . ceasefire was agreed upon . according to the [[ brioni agreement ]] , recognized by representatives of all republics
563181056 0 july 2006 }} < / ref > in bosnia and herzegovina in november 1991 , the bosnian serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of forming a serbian republic in borders of bosnia and herzegovina and staying in a common state with serbia and montenegro . on 9 january 1992 , the self - proclaimed bosnian serb assembly
563182107 1 the [[ republic of macedonia ]] declared independence * 8 october 1991 , when the 9 july moratorium on slovenian and croatian secession was ended and croatia restated its independence in the croatian parliament ( that day is celebrated as independence day in croatia ) * 15 january 1992 , when slovenia and croatia were internationally recognized by most european countries * 6
3 s . and most european countries * 28 april 1992 , [[ federal republic of yugoslavia ]] is formed * 14 december 1995 , [[ dayton agreement ]] is signed by the leaders of fr yugoslavia , bosnia and herzegovina and croatia = = new states = = {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250
563182796 0 [[ yugo - nostalgia ]] . many aspects of yugonostalgia refer to the socialist system and the sense of social security it provided . there are still people from the former - yugoslavia who self - identify as [[ yugoslavs ]] , and this identifier is commonly seen in demographics relating to ethnicity in today ' s independent states . = = see
568473261 5 favoured yugoslav unity . serbs in croatia would not accept a status of a national minority in a sovereign croatia , since they would be demoted from a constituent nation of croatia and this would consequently diminish their rights the entirety of yugoslavia . = = yugoslav wars = = {{ main | yugoslav wars }} the war broke out when the new regimes tried to replace yugoslav civilian and military forces with secessionist
580282779 0 independence referendum , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] . after montenegrin independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the [[ republic legal successor ]] of serbia ]] . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to [[ international recognition of kosovo | an ongoing dispute on
2 serbia and montenegro as no longer existent . after montenegro ' s independence , the state previously known as ' ' serbia and montenegro ' ' became known as the [[ republic legal successor ]] of serbia ]] . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognized
580283018 0 independent nation after the results of a [[ montenegrin independence referendum , 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] . after montenegrin independence , serbia became the [[ legal successor ]] of the union serbia and montenegro , while montenegro re - applied for membership in international organizations . . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to [[
1 2006 | may 2006 referendum ]] , therefore rendering serbia and montenegro as no longer existent . after montenegro ' s independence , serbia became the [[ legal successor ]] of the union serbia and montenegro , while montenegro re - applied for membership in international organizations . . in february 2008 , the [[ republic of kosovo ]] declared independence from serbia , leading to an
582993096 0 josip broz tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent communist state , starting as a prime minister . {{ fact }} the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during world war ii is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data
588344999 4 while the regions of [[ kosovo ]] , [[ vojvodina ]] and [[ vardar macedonia ]] were parts of serbia prior to the unification ) . serbian royal [[ house of karadjordjevic karađorđević ]] , became yugoslav royalty . it gained international recognition on 13 july 1922 at the conference of ambassadors in paris . < ref > http : / / www .
594475714 13 the invading german army ( ' ' [[ wehrmacht heer ]] ' ' ) . more than 300 , 000 yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner . the axis powers < ref > {{ cite web | url = http : / / www . indiana . edu / ~ league / 1941 . htm | title = chronology 1929 | author = ' ' [[ indiana university ]] ' ' | publisher = indiana . edu | date = october 2002 }} < / ref > the [[ axis powers occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the fascist militia
14 were expelled , and another 200 , 000 were forced to convert to catholicism ; the victims were predominantly [[ serbs | serbians ]] but included 37 , 000 jews . ]] occupied yugoslavia and split it up . the [[ independent state of croatia ]] was established as a [[ nazi ]] satellite state , ruled by the fascist militia known as
605733772 2 by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was result of [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of serbian parliament in exile and serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom
3 combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was result of [[ corfu declaration ]] , as project of the serbian parliament in exile and serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia
5 " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was result of [[ corfu declaration ]] , as project of serbian parliament in exile and serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width
605734785 3 the flags of yugoslav nations were banned . communist ideas were banned also . the king was assassinated in [[ marseille ]] during an official visit to france in 1934 by [[ vlado chernozemski ]] , an experienced [[ vlado chernozemski | marksman ]] from [[ ivan mihailov | ivan mihailov ' s ]] [[ internal macedonian revolutionary organization ]] with the cooperation of the [[ ustaše
606952320 6 / family / index . htm < / ref > the country was named after [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] as their first union ever , after centuries - long rules in which the territories had been part of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] on these territories . renamed [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion
614821972 0 ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and economic crisis = = = [[ file : ethnic structure of sfr yugoslavia according to 1981 census . jpg | 300px | thumb | right | ethnic structure of sfr yugoslavia according to 1981 census ]] the yugoslav federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the serbian ruling class ; and a war - time division
616725067 4 josip broz tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent communist state , starting as a prime minister . {{ citation needed | date = november 2013 }} he had the support of moscow and london and led by far the strongest partisan force . < ref > michael lees , ' ' the rape of serbia : the british role in tito ' s grab for power , 1943 - 1944 ' ' ( 1990 ) . < / ref > the official yugoslav post - war estimate of [[ world war ii casualties | victims ]] in yugoslavia during world war ii is 1 , 704 , 000 . subsequent data
616726337 10 of the negotiations was to include bulgaria in yugoslavia or to form a new union of two independent countries . after the intervention of stalin this agreement was never realized . the break between belgrade and moscow was now imminent . < ref > {{ cite book | author1 = john o . iatrides | author2 = linda wrigley | title = greece at the crossroads : the civil war and its legacy | url = http : / / books . google . com / books ? id = vv1t3d _ 3vjkc & pg = pa267 | year = 2004 | publisher = penn state university press | pages = 267 – 73 }} < / ref > yugoslavia solved the national issue of nations and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics
13 modeled after the [[ soviet union ]] , established six republics , an autonomous province , and an autonomous district that were part of sr serbia . the federal capital was [[ belgrade ]] . { | class = " wikitable " | - ! < center > ' ' ' [[ list of countries | name ]] ' ' ' < /
616888308 1 = new york | isbn = 0 - 313 - 24308 - 5 | page = | pages = }} < / ref > however , he refused to abdicate . marshall marshal tito was nolw in full control , and all opposition elements were eliminated . he executed over 100 , 000 croats and slovenes who had collaborated with the germans . <
4 , but both entities retained a vote in the yugoslav presidency council . the very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight - member council , serbia could now count on four votes at a minimum – serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , vojvodina , and kosovo . as a result of
616890253 6 and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , so a reorganization of the country . as a result , new [[ 1974 yugoslav constitution | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 that gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic
11 were more important than the prime minister . the suppression of national identities escalated with the so - called [[ croatian spring ]] of 1970 – 1971 , when students in [[ zagreb ]] organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater croatian autonomy . the regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the
622094862 1 treaties signed after world war i , and the soviets were determined to regain their positions in europe and pursue a more active international policy . alexander attempted to create a centralized centralised yugoslavia . he decided to abolish yugoslavia ' s historic regions , and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas . the banovinas were named after rivers . many
27 ongoing dispute on whether kosovo is a legally recognized state . however , numerous countries , including the united states and various members of the [[ european union ]] , have recognized recognised kosovo as an independent nation . = = = yugosphere = = = in 2009 , ' ' [[ the economist ]] ' ' coined the term ' ' yugosphere '
623654739 0 republics used versions of the red flag and / or slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . = = the 1948 jugoslavia yugoslavia - soviet split = = {{ further | tito – stalin split }} the country distanced itself from the soviets in 1948 ( cf . [[ cominform ]] and [[ informbiro
624526465 0 was ratified in 1974 , which gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = = ethnic tensions and economic crisis = = = [[ file : ethnic structure of sfr yugoslavia according to 1981 census . jpg | 300px | thumb | right | ethnic structure of sfr yugoslavia according to 1981 census ]] the yugoslav federation was constructed against a double background : an inter - war yugoslavia which had been dominated by the serbian ruling class ; and a war - time division
664929829 0 communist european countries had deferred to stalin and rejected the [[ marshall plan ]] aid in 1947 . tito , at first went along and rejected the marshall plan . however , in 1948 tito broke decisively with stalin on other issues , making yugoslavia an independent communist state . yugoslavia requested american aid . american leaders were internally divided , but finally
674434093 0 croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) , once spelled and called " ' ' jugoslavia " , was a country in [[ southeast europe ]] during most of the 20th century . it came into existence after [[ world war i ]] in 1918 {{
686837499 1 , such as [[ edvard kardelj ]] or [[ stane dolanc ]] , were more important than the prime minister . first cracks in the tightly governed system surfaced when students of the [[ university of in belgrade ]] and several other cities joined the worldwide [[ protests of 1968 ]] . president josip broz tito gradually stopped the protests by giving in to some of the students
702550312 3 - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of [[ yugoslavia . first established with the [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] , the original western border left a population of half a million [[ south
34 by the [[ yugoslav partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in 1944 , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in november 1945 the monarchy was abolished . [[ yugoslavia was renamed the federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia in 1946 , when a communist government was established . it acquired the territories of [[ istria ]] , [[
54 date = 24 march 1999 | accessdate = 29 december 2010 }} < / ref > after an economic and political crisis in the 1980s and the rise of nationalism , [[ yugoslavia [[ breakup of yugoslavia | broke up ]] along its republics ' borders , at first into five countries , leading to the [[ yugoslav wars ]] . after the
702550622 0 [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in [[ 2008 ]] . = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} the concept of ' ' [[ yugoslavia ' ' , as a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] peoples , emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence through the [[
10 ]] of the 19th century . the name was created by the combination of the slavic words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . [[ yugoslavia was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the serbian parliament in exile and the serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became
12 words " jug " ( south ) and " slaveni " ( slavs ) . yugoslavia was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the [[ serbian parliament in exile and the serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom
14 was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the serbian parliament in exile and the serbian royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the [[ yugoslav royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width
702589142 3 - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location of [[ yugoslavia ]] . first established with the ' ' ' [[ treaty of rapallo , 1920 | treaty of rapallo ]] ' ' ' , the original western border left a
34 partisans | partisan resistance ]] . in [[ 1944 ]] , the king recognised it as the legitimate government , but in [[ november 1945 ]] the monarchy was abolished . [[ yugoslavia ]] was renamed the [[ federal people ' s republic of yugoslavia ]] in [[ 1946 ]] , when a [[ communist government ]] was established . it acquired the
80 south ]] ) and " slaveni " ( [[ slavs ]] ) . [[ yugoslavia ]] was the result of the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the [[ serbian parliament ]] in exile and the [[ serbian ]] royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the [[ yugoslav ]] royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia =
84 the [[ corfu declaration ]] , as a project of the [[ serbian parliament ]] in exile and the [[ serbian ]] royal [[ karađorđević dynasty ]] , who became the [[ yugoslav ]] royal dynasty . = = kingdom of yugoslavia = = {{ main | kingdom of yugoslavia }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical |
716053999 1 very instrument that reduced serbian influence before was now used to increase it : in the eight - member council , serbia could now count on four votes at a minimum : serbia proper , then - loyal montenegro , vojvodina , and kosovo . as a result of these events , the [[ albanians in kosovo | ethnic albanian ]] miners in
725921112 3 2 , ' ' mussolini , prisoner of the mediterranean ' ' < / ref > in [[ italy ]] . ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian ]] , [[ macedonian language | macedonian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] : ' ' jugoslavija ' ' , југославија ) was a country in [[ southeast
743994176 2 protests did occur , but these were usually repressed and nationalist leaders were arrested and some were executed by yugoslav officials . however one protest in croatia in the 1970s , called the " [[ croatian spring ]] " was backed by large numbers of croats who claimed that yugoslavia remained a serb hegemony and demanded that serbia ' s powers be reduced
768996113 5 pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | leader2 = [[ josip broz tito ]] | leader3 = [[ stjepan mesić ]] {{ small | ( last ) }} | year _ leader1 = 1945 – 1953 | year _ leader2 = 1953 – 1980 | year _ leader3 = 1991 | | title _ representative = [[ prime minister of yugoslavia | prime minister ]] | representative1 = [[ josip broz tito ]] {{ small | ( first ) }} | representative2 = [[ ante marković ]] {{ small | ( last ) }} | year _ representative1 = 1945 – 1953 | year _ representative2 = 1989 – 1991 | | title _ deputy = [[ general location of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија , {{ lang - sl | jugoslavija }} ,
6 - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location secretary of the league of communists of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( {{ lang - sh | jugoslavija }} / југославија , {{ lang - sl | jugoslavija }} , {{ lang
9 ]] and constituted their first union , following centuries in which the territories had been part of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] . renamed the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april 1941 . in
771008801 0 march ]] . army general [[ dušan simović ]] seized power , arrested the vienna delegation , exiled paul , and ended the regency , giving 17 - year - old [[ king peter ii of yugoslavia | king peterii ]] full powers . [[ adolf hitler | hitler ]] then decided to attack yugoslavia on 6 april 1941 , followed immediately by an
772700676 0 . fifoost . org / jugoslaw / yugo . pdf | publisher = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > fry was renamed to the ' ' ' [[ state union of serbia and montenegro ' ' ' in 2003 . serbia and montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo |
772701137 4 {{ small | ( last ) }} | year _ representative1 = 1945 – 1953 | year _ representative2 = 1989 – 1991 | | title _ deputy = [[ general secretary of the league of communists location of yugoslavia | general secretary ]] | deputy1 = [[ josip broz tito ]] {{ small | ( first ) }} | deputy2 = [[ milan pančevski ]] {{ small |
15 ]] and constituted their first union , following centuries in which the territories had been part of the [[ ottoman empire ]] and [[ austria - hungary ]] . renamed the ' ' ' [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' on 3 october 1929 , it was [[ invasion of yugoslavia | invaded ]] by the [[ axis powers ]] on 6 april
778242726 2 ) , the federal executive council specifically ordered the army to take control of the " internationally recognised borders " , leading to the [[ ten - day war ]] . as slovenia and croatia  fights towards independence ,  the serbian and croatian forces indulged into a violent and perilous rivalry . < ref name = " : 0 " / > the [[ yugoslav people ' s army ]] forces , based in barracks in slovenia and croatia , attempted to carry out the task within the next 48 hours . however
779745544 0 the united nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > in 2000 , milosevic was trailed for the atrocities he committed and partook in during his ten - year ruling in serbia and the yugoslavia war . < ref name = " : 0 " / >  eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power
781116889 1 nations | pages = 241 – 243 }} < / ref > in 2000 , milosevic was trailed for the atrocities he committed and partook in during his ten - year ruling rule in serbia and the yugoslavia war . < ref name = " : 0 " / >  eventually , after the [[ overthrow of slobodan milošević ]] from power as president
785635499 1 and nationalities ( national minorities ) in a way that all nations and nationalities had the same rights . the flags of the republics used versions of the red flag or [[ pan - slavic colors | slavic tricolor , with a [[ red star ]] in the centre or in the canton . = = the 1948 yugoslavia - soviet split = = {{ further information |
805854589 0 = ebrd country promotion programme | page = 3 }} < / ref > [[ serbia and montenegro ]] themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states , while [[ republic of kosovo | kosovo ]] proclaimed independence in 2008 . = = background = = {{ main article | creation of yugoslavia }} the concept of ' ' yugoslavia ' ' , as a
817382760 4 }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian
819821999 3 | stat _ year2 = | stat _ area2 = | stat _ pop2 = | cctld = [[ . yu ]] | calling _ code = 38 | currency = [[ yugoslav krone ]] {{ small | ( 1918 – 1920 ) }} < br / > [[ yugoslav dinar | today = {{ flag | serbia }} < br / > {{ flag | croatia }} < br / > {{ flag | bosnia and herzegovina }} <
821159759 0 leaders , but many key croatian representatives in the party silently supported this cause , lobbying within the party ranks for a reorganisation of the country . as a result , a new [[ 1974 yugoslav constitution | constitution ]] was ratified in 1974 , which gave more rights to the individual republics in yugoslavia and provinces in serbia . = = =
827934807 3 }} {{ pp - move - indef }} {{ use dmy dates | date = october 2012 }} [[ file : yugoslavia location map . svg | thumb | right | 300px | general location image _ map _ caption = | latd = | latm = | latns = n | longd = | longm = | longew = e | national _ motto = | national _ anthem = | capital = [[ belgrade ]] | demonym = | common _ languages = | government _ type = [[ kingdom of yugoslavia ]] ' ' ' yugoslavia ' ' ' ( [[ serbo - croatian language | serbo - croatian ]] , [[ slovene language | slovene ]] , [[ macedonian
837392651 2 main article | breakup of yugoslavia }} {{ unreferenced section | date = april 2016 }} [[ file : breakup of yugoslavia - try2 . gif | thumb | right | 250px upright = 1 . 15 | breakup of yugoslavia ]] though the 1974 constitution reduced the power of the federal government , tito ' s authority substituted for this weakness until his death in 1980 .
847189388 1 yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / > 1945 – 1992 | status = {{ small | {{ nobold | 1941 – 1945 : [[ yugoslav government - in - exile | government - in - exile ]] ( 1941 – 1945 ) | p1 = kingdom of serbia | flag _ p1 = state
848178566 1 yugoslavia | continent = europe | era = 20th century | region = southeastern europe | life _ span = 1918 – 1941 < br / > 1945 – 1992 | status = {{ small | {{ nobold | 1941 – 1945 : [[ yugoslav government - in - exile | government - in - exile ]] ( 1941 – 1945 ) | p1 = kingdom of serbia | flag _ p1 = state
group 69
left_string del_string ins_string right_string
63335817 0 3rd ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on june 5th , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ {{ splitsection | history of yugoslavia }} = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in
64139811 0 3rd ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on june 5th , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ < u style = " display : none ; " > . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . < a href = ' http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com ' > free ringtones < / a > : [ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com download ringtones ] - [ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com download ringtones ] : [ nokia ringtones | http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com ] - [ nokia ringtones | http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com ] : http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com / download / : [[ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com ring tones ]] : [[ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com | ringtones download ]] : " samsung ringtones " http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com : [ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com | ringtones free ] < / u > = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in
64139985 1 3rd ]] , [[ 2006 ]] , while serbia declared independence on june 5th , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ < u style = " display : none ; " > . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . no changes . . . < a href = ' http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com ' > free ringtones < / a > : [ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com download ringtones ] - [ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com download ringtones ] : [ nokia ringtones | http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com ] - [ nokia ringtones | http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com ] : http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com / download / : [[ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com ring tones ]] : [[ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com | ringtones download ]] : " samsung ringtones " http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com : [ http : / / www . ringtones - dir . com | ringtones free ] < / u > = = background = = = = = the idea of a state for south slavs = = = the first ideas of a state for all south slavs emerged in
119947731 0 [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ fun = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century ,
119948375 0 [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ fun = = background = = = = = southern slavic state = = = the first idea of a state for all south slavs emerged in the late 17th century ,
170005459 0 [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ ( hi my name is david and this is not really the article ) = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ideas for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late
170005567 0 [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ ( hi my name is david and this is not really the article ) = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ideas for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late
170006244 0 [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ ' ' ' ( hi miss . johnson now i realize that i can change wikipidia just like you said ! ! ! - david wonson ) ' ' ' - - [[ user : 71 . 252 . 181 . 159 | 71 . 252 . 181 . 159 ]] 01 : 30 , 8 november 2007 ( utc ) david wonson = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ideas for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late
170006279 0 [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ ' ' ' ( hi miss . johnson now i realize that i can change wikipidia just like you said ! ! ! - david wonson ) ' ' ' - - [[ user : 71 . 252 . 181 . 159 | 71 . 252 . 181 . 159 ]] 01 : 30 , 8 november 2007 ( utc ) david wonson = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ideas for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late
170006687 0 [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ ( hi miss . johnson now i realize that i can change wikipidia just like you said ! ! ! - david wonson ) = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ideas for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late
170007025 0 [[ june 5 ]] , 2006 , montenegro and serbia respectively declared their independence , thereby ending the last remnants of the former yugoslav federation . _ _ toc _ _ ( hi miss . johnson now i realize that i can change wikipidia just like you said ! ! ! - david wonson ) = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} ideas for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic peoples ]] emerged in the late
326595989 0 declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and
326596210 0 declared independence , thereby ending the yugoslav state . [[ kosovo ]] declared independence in 2008 . its statehood is , however , still disputed . _ _ toc _ _ = = background {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia ]] and emerged in
354554256 1 its statehood is , however , still disputed . < ref name = " kosovo " > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > _ _ toc _ _ yugoslavia is cool and should be ressurected . = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia
354555369 1 statehood is , h owever , still disputed . < ref name = " kosovo " > {{ kosovo - note }} < / ref > _ _ toc _ _ yugoslavia is cool and should be ressurected . = = background = = {{ main | creation of yugoslavia }} yugoslavia was the idea for a single state for all [[ south slavs | south slavic ]] [[ intelligentsia